Relevant bibliographies by topics / Scale-up studies

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Scale-up studies'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Scale-up studies"

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Makwana, Vinit D., G. Sivalingam, and Suketu M. Vakil. "Catalyst Evaluation and Scale-up Studies for Polyethylene Production." International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications 5, no. 1 (2014): 6–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.7763/ijcea.2014.v5.341.

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Bromberg, L., P. Titus, and C. Bolton. "Ignitor Scale-Up Studies (DIGNITOR)." Fusion Technology 19, no. 3P2A (May 1991): 1160–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst91-a29500.

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Chubak, Jessica, Onchee Yu, Diana S. M. Buist, Heidi S. Wirtz, and Denise M. Boudreau. "Time Scale in Follow-up Studies." Epidemiology 24, no. 4 (July 2013): 628–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0b013e3182961708.

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He, Y. L., C. J. Lim, and J. R. Grace. "Scale-up studies of spouted beds." Chemical Engineering Science 52, no. 2 (January 1997): 329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2509(96)00378-8.

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&NA;. "Time Scale in Follow-up Studies." Epidemiology 25, no. 6 (November 2014): 939. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000191.

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Kanai, Toshitaka, and Jiro Shimizu. "Studies on scale-up of tubular film extrusion. II. The scale-up rule." Sen'i Gakkaishi 41, no. 5 (1985): T179—T188. http://dx.doi.org/10.2115/fiber.41.5_t179.

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Nienow, Alvin W., Mikkel Nordkvist, and Christopher A. Boulton. "Scale-down/scale-up studies leading to improved commercial beer fermentation." Biotechnology Journal 6, no. 8 (July 11, 2011): 911–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/biot.201000414.

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Kanai, Toshitaka, Masakatsu Kimura, and Yuji Asano. "Studies On Scale-Up of Tubular Film Extrusion." Journal of Plastic Film & Sheeting 2, no. 3 (July 1986): 224–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875608798600200306.

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Aikawa, Shouhei, Naomi Fujita, Hidetoshi Myojo, Takashi Hayashi, and Tadatsugu Tanino. "Scale-Up Studies on High Shear Wet Granulation Process from Mini-Scale to Commercial Scale." Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin 56, no. 10 (2008): 1431–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1248/cpb.56.1431.

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Fanelli, Anthony J., Satyajit Verma, Ted Engelmann, and Joan V. Burlew. "Scale-up studies on an alumina aerogel catalyst support." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 30, no. 1 (January 1991): 126–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie00049a019.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scale-up studies"

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Shaaban, M. G. B. "Scale-up studies on anaerobic dispersed growth digesters." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.372310.

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Salin, Irene. "Scale-up studies for thermo-oxidative stability of polymeric composites /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/9871.

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Yeboue, Kouadio Yves. "Peptide Synthesis by Mechanochemistry : From Fundamental studies to Scale-Up." Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTS077.

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Compte tenu du durcissement des politiques environnementales vis-à-vis des polluants produits par l’industrie chimique et de la demande croissante de la part des consommateurs et des citoyens, il est impératif de trouver des méthodes alternatives aux procédés utilisant des quantités importantes de solvants et réactifs nocifs pour la santé et l’environnement. Les méthodes classiques de synthèse de peptides en font partie et nécessitent impérativement des améliorations. Ce manuscrit décrit les récents développements des procédés mécanochimiques en synthèse peptidique, procédés qui permettent un changement de paradigme par rapport aux procédés classiques utilisant des solvants. Ces procédés mécanochimiques sont utilisés au cours de cette thèse pour solutionner des problèmes d’épimérisation de peptides fréquemment rencontrés lors de l’emploi de la stratégie de couplage par fragment en solution. La preuve de faisabilité du couplage peptidique par ligation chimique native par broyage à billes a également été apportée au cours de cette thèse. L’approche de synthèse peptidique par mécanochimie a enfin été utilisée pour mettre au point des conditions efficaces permettant de monter en échelle la synthèse de peptides en utilisant le procédé d’extrusion réactive, ouvrant les portes à un transfert de la synthèse à l’échelle industrielle. L’ensemble de ces conditions mécanochimiques se sont avérées particulièrement efficaces quant à la synthèse de peptides avec des temps de réaction très faibles, d’excellents rendements, des taux d’épimérisation très faibles, un faible impact environnemental et une grande productivité
Due to the restriction of the environmental policies regarding the pollutants, it is urgent to find alternative methods to the processes that used large amount of highly toxic solvents and chemicals. Because of their negative environmental impact, conventional peptide synthesis methods require improvements. The use of mechanochemical processes allow to efficiently reduce the environmental impact by eliminating or replacing toxic solvents and chemicals. During this work, mechanochemical methods have been used to solve the peptide epimerization issues, frequently encountered during peptide fragment coupling strategy in solution. Additionally, by using these methods, peptide synthesis through native chemical ligation was also demonstrated. Furthermore, the use of the reactive extrusion process has enabled to efficiently work on large scale, thereby opening the boulevard to implement the peptide mechanosynthesis in industries. Finally, these methods have led to the desired peptides with noteworthy isolated yields, very short reaction times, low epimerization rate, low environmental impact and high productivity
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Stoker, Emily B. "Comparative Studies on Scale-Up Methods of Single-Use Bioreactors." DigitalCommons@USU, 2011. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/889.

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This study was performed to increase knowledge of oxygen mass transfer (kLa) and mixing times in the scale-up of disposable bioreactors.Results of oxygen mass transfer studies showed kLa to increase with increasing agitation and aeration rates. By maintaining a scale-up constant such as gassed power to volume or shear, an almost constant kLa was achieved during scale-up from 50 to 2000 L. Using the scale-up constant Pg/V resulted in statistically higher kLa values at greater reactor volumes. Mixing times were revealed to be significantly affected by agitation, but not by the aeration rates tested. No pattern was recognized in the mixing time data over an increase in volume. Commonly used methods for predicting kLa upon scale-up were compared to experimental data. New coefficients were determined to fit the historic models to the parameters of this study, namely the unique geometry and low agitation and aeration rates used in the single-use systems. Each of the resulting four models was found to have average error rates from 16-23%. Although the error rates are not statistically different, the Moresi and Patete model was determined to be most conceptually accurate. The Moresi and Patete model found kLa to be more dependent on aeration than on the power input. This finding was consistent with the results of the experimental studies. The results of this study were for aeration rates (0.02-0.04 vvm) and agitation rates (Pg/V range of 2-20 W/m3) that are commonly used in single-use bioreactor systems.
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Dickson, Nicola Jane. "The scale-up of protein microfiltration based on laboratory studies of fundamental effects." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322703.

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Platon, Rolando R. "Scale-up studies on the culture of brine shrimp Artemia fed with rice bran." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25959.

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The effects of water movement or agitation on the biological performance of planktonic organisms under intensive culture have been rarely studied quantitatively. Stagnation or minimum values are considered important in the problem of scale-up based on optimum conditions. Near stagnation, inadequate water movement brings about undesirable effects, e.g. accumulation of metabolites, uneven distribution of feed and low dissolved oxygen concentration. An important mechanism associated with water movement at these conditions is the oxygenation process which defines the oxygen transfer rate from the gas to the water. Experiments were conducted using potable water to determine the overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient in two types of container geometries; a) cylindri-conical tank and b) oblong-shaped center- partitioned raceway. For each type of container, three geometrically similar sizes were investigated with scale ratio of approximately 1:2:3.5. Agitation was induced by the introduction of air into the system. General correlations for both tank geometries were obtained from experimental data and were expressed in terms of the operating and geometric parameters. The correlations are in the form of dimensionless groups (Froude and Reynolds numbers) making them appropriate for scale-up estimates. The general correlations for the overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient were subsequently used to provide the scaling equations to define the operating parameters in different sizes of containers for the culture of brine shrimp in sea water fed with rice bran. The high correlation coefficient obtained for the relationship between total brine shrimp biomass production and the overall mass transfer coefficient applicable to different sizes of both the cylindri-conical tank and the raceway indicates that the overall oxygen mass transfer coefficient is an effective scale-up criterion in brine shrimp culture.
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Jin, Kai. "Studies of the scale-up of production and recovery of recombinant proteins formed as inclusion bodies." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.324597.

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Dai, Jianming. "Microwave-assisted extraction and synthesis studies and the scale-up study with the aid of FDTD simulation." Thesis, McGill University, 2006. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=100342.

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The research undertaken in this thesis includes microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), synthesis, and the investigation of the scale-up of the microwave-assisted processes with the numerical aid.
The main goal of this research is to study the various problems associated with the scale-up of the microwave-assisted extraction and synthesis processes. Laboratory studies were carried out to investigate the microwave-assisted extraction of known components from peppermint leaves and American ginseng. Various factors that influence the extraction processes were studied. Microwave-assisted extraction method was compared with conventional heating and room temperature extraction methods on the extraction of ginsenosides from American ginseng. Microwave-assisted extraction method was determined to have higher extraction rate than both room temperature extraction and reflux temperature extraction using hotplate heating indicating that there is acceleration factor in enhancing the extraction rate beyond the temperature influence.
In the study of synthesizing n-butyl paraben, microwave-assisted synthesis was observed to greatly increase the yield of n-butyl paraben in much shorter period of time compared to the classic synthesis method. A transition state theory was proposed to explain this rate enhancement. The study of the synthesis of parabens with different alcohol and the influencing factors on the synthesis of n-butyl paraben yield were also studied.
A visualization method was developed to determine the microwave distribution in a domestic microwave cavity. The method uses gypsum plate as carrier and cobalt chloride as indictor. A simulation program was developed using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) approach and written in C programming language. The program was proved to be very versatile in different type of cavity simulation. Not only cavities with different dimensions and geometrical designs can be simulated, multiple magnetrons and various ways of magnetron placement can also be integrated into the simulation program. The detailed power distribution can be visualized in a 3-D plot, and the power distribution in each layer can be analyzed using the simulation result. The power distribution information will be very useful and necessary before any real equipment development.
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Evans, Sarah Frances. "Top Down and Bottom Up Approaches to Elucidating Multiscale Periosteal Mechanobiology: Tissue Level and Cell Scale Studies." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1331646902.

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Bell, Alexander. "Studies on exploration and exploitation : concepts, roles and dynamics." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLED077.

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L’intensité concurrentielle et les évolutions technologiques n’ont jamais été aussi intenses. Aussi, les entreprises en quête de pérennité sont-elles de plus en plus confrontées à une nécessité d’exploiter leurs activités actuelles et d’explorer des activités futures. Or la gestion de ce double impératif est loin d’être évidente, générant potentiellement d’importantes tensions au sein des entreprises. Bien que la recherche en management ait permis de mieux appréhender cette tension d’Exploration/Exploitation, il reste des zones de contradiction et des espaces non explorés. En particulier, il n’y a pas de consensus sur les définitions des concepts d’exploration et d’exploitation, ne permettant pas ainsi de garantir une certaine cohérence dans la recherche (Birkinshaw & Gupta, 2013). D’autre part, la tension Exploration/Exploitation n’a que très peu été étudiée dans le contexte des jeunes entreprises de croissance - également appelées « scale-up » - qui ont la particularité d’être exposées à de forts enjeux de survie. Ainsi, afin de contribuer à une meilleure compréhension des problématiques que soulève cette tension au sein de celles-ci, un format de thèse sur travaux, comprenant trois études complémentaires, est adopté.Au préalable, afin de cadrer conceptuellement la thèse, je réponds, dans une première étude, à l’appel des chercheurs pour la clarification des concepts d’exploration et d’exploitation en proposant une typologie d’exploration. Puis, par l’intermédiaire d’une approche multi-cas longitudinale menée auprès de huit jeunes entreprises de croissance, j’explore tout d’abord, dans une deuxième étude, les facteurs influençant les orientations stratégiques des entreprises quant à leurs activités d’exploration et d’exploitation. Enfin, dans la troisième étude, je cherche à comprendre comment le fonctionnement des équipes de direction définit les rôles de chacun dans les activités d’exploration et d’exploitation
Competition and technological change have never been as intense as they are today. To survive, companies must increasingly carry out current activities at the same time that they explore future ones. It is no easy task to operate on both of these fronts, and doing so is a potential source of tension and contradiction. Although management research has provided insight into the exploration and exploitation tension, there are still contradictions and unexplored areas. In particular, there is no consensus on the definition of the concepts of exploration and exploitation, which means the research lacks a certain level of consistency. In addition, there has been very little attention paid to the Exploration/Exploitation tension in the context of young, growing “scale-up” companies, which are particularly exposed to threats to their survival. To obtain a better understanding of the situations this tension causes in these companies, we have adopted a multi-paper dissertation consisting of three complementary studies.In the first study, to create a conceptual framework for the thesis, we answer researchers’ call for a clarification of the concepts of exploration and exploitation by proposing a typology of exploration. Then, based on a longitudinal, multi-case approach focused on eight scale-up companies, we first explore, in a second study, the factors influencing firms’ strategic orientations vis-à-vis exploration and exploitation activities. Finally, in the third study, we seek to understand how management teams define their individual roles with respect to exploration and exploitation activities
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Books on the topic "Scale-up studies"

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Bodilly, Susan J. Lessons from New American Schools' scale-up phase: Prospects for bringing designs to multiple schools. Santa Monica, Calif: RAND, 1998.

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Zlokarnik, Marko. Scale-up. 2nd ed. Wiley-VCH, 2005.

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Zlokarnik, Marko. Scale-up: Modellübertragung in der Verfahrenstechnik. Wiley-VCH, 2000.

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1962-, Berends Mark, Rand Corporation, and Rand Education (Institute), eds. Implementation and performance in New American Schools: Three years into scale-up. Santa Monica, CA: Rand, 2001.

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Polanczyk, Guilherme V. Epidemiology. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198739258.003.0013.

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This chapter initially reviews the main methodological aspects of ADHD prevalence studies, specifically study design, case definition, and ascertainment to subsequently address meta-analyses summarizing the prevalence of the disorder on children, adolescents, and adults. Results of meta-regression in the context of meta-analysis have investigated the effect of year of publication, sample location, and methodological characteristics of studies on heterogeneity of results. Studies on the course of the disorder, following up clinical and community samples, are discussed, as well as cultural influences on epidemiological findings. Large-scale cross-national studies and longitudinal studies following non-referred samples are necessary to further advance the knowledge on the epidemiology of ADHD.
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English, Brian. Market-Based Solutions for Poverty Reduction in India. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199476084.003.0009.

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The rapid increase in slum populations in India has far outpaced the impact of interventions to date. Market-based solutions have started gaining the attention of governments, international aid groups, NGOs and entrepreneurs as they look for new ways to scale up their impact and sustain their interventions. Thousands of new social enterprises that seek to provide social benefits, and sustain largely on business revenues, have sprung up in response. Their rapid proliferation has attracted the attention of impact investors looking to create the next microfinance industry. This chapter profiles two case studies of market-based solutions in India that provide some important lessons for others fostering similar initiatives.
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McAllister, Graham. User experience maturity levels. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794844.003.0005.

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As user experience (UX) research in game development becomes more established, many studios are now incorporating UX practices within their studio. However, the maturity level of UX within a studio can vary widely, from those who are hostile towards UX up to those who embrace UX at all levels in the organization. This chapter is for both game developers and Games User Researchers who are interested in assessing where they currently are on a UX maturity scale, and also keen to understand what more could be done to become more player-focused.
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Robinson, Cathy, and Bruce Taylor. Contested Country. Edited by Marcus B. Lane. CSIRO Publishing, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9780643098015.

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In Contested Country, leading researchers in planning, geography, environmental studies and public policy critically review Australia's environmental management under the auspices of the Natural Heritage Trust over the past decade, and identify the challenges that must be met in the national quest for sustainability. It is the first comprehensive, critical examination of the local and regional natural resources management undertaken in Australia, using research sourced from all states as well as the Northern Territory. It addresses questions such as: How is accountability to be maintained? Who is included and who is excluded in decentralised environmental governance? Does the scale of bottom-up management efforts match the scale of environmental problems? How is scientific and technical fidelity in environmental management to be maintained when significant activities are devolved to and controlled by local communities? The book challenges some of the accepted benefits, assumptions and ideologies underpinning regional scaled environmental management, and is a must-read for anyone interested in this field.
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Bekker, Simon, Sylvia Croese, and Edgar Pieterse, eds. Refractions of the National,the Popular and the Global in African Cities. African Minds, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/9781928502159.

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Case studies of metropolitan cities in nine African countries from Egypt in the north to three in West and Central Africa, two in East Africa and three in Southern Africa make up the empirical foundation of this publication. The interrelated themes addressed in these chapters the national influence on urban development, the popular dynamics that shape urban development and the global currents on urban development make up its framework. All authors and editors are African, as is the publisher. The only exception is Göran Therborn whose recent book, Cities of Power, served as motivation for this volume. Accordingly, the issue common to all case studies is the often conflictual powers that are exercised by national, global and popular forces in the development of these African cities. Rather than locating the case studies in an exclusively African historical context, the focus is on the trajectories of the postcolonial city (with the important exception of Addis Ababa with a non-colonial history that has granted it a special place in African consciousness). These trajectories enable comparisons with those of postcolonial cities on other continents. This, in turn, highlights the fact that Africa today, the least urbanised continent on an increasingly urbanised globe is in the thick of processes of large-scale urban transformation, illustrated in diverse ways by the case studies that make up the foundation of this publication.
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Kohler, Timothy A., and George J. Gumerman, eds. Dynamics in Human and Primate Societies. Oxford University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195131673.001.0001.

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As part of the SFI series, this book presents the most up-to-date research in the study of human and primate societies, presenting recent advances in software and algorithms for modeling societies. It also addresses case studies that have applied agent-based modeling approaches in archaeology, cultural anthropology, primatology, and sociology. Many things set this book apart from any other on modeling in the social sciences, including the emphasis on small-scale societies and the attempts to maximize realism in the modeling efforts applied to social problems and questions. It is an ideal book for professionals in archaeology or cultural anthropology as well as a valuable tool for those studying primatology or computer science.
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Book chapters on the topic "Scale-up studies"

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Nere, Nandkishor K., Moiz Diwan, Ann M. Czyzewski, James C. Marek, Kushal Sinha, and Huayu Li. "CASE STUDIES ON CRYSTALLIZATION SCALE-UP." In Chemical Engineering in the Pharmaceutical Industry, 617–33. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119600800.ch27.

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Blacker, A. John, and Peter Thompson. "Scale-Up Studies in Asymmetric Transfer Hydrogenation." In Asymmetric Catalysis on Industrial Scale, 265–90. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527630639.ch16.

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Das, Debabrata, and Jhansi L. Varanasi. "Scale-up and Case Studies of Biofuel Production Processes." In Fundamentals of Biofuel Production Processes, 209–22. Boca Raton : Taylor & Francis, CRC Press, [2019]: CRC Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22274-14.

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Verdon, Grégory, Hae Joo Kang, and David Drew. "Screening and Scale-Up of GLUT Transporter Constructs Suitable for Biochemical and Structural Studies." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 31–43. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-7507-5_3.

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de Moraes Rocha, George Jackson, Viviane Marcos Nascimento, Vinicius Fernandes Nunes da Silva, and Anuj Kumar Chandel. "Scale-up Pretreatment Studies on Sugarcane Bagasse and Straw for Second-Generation Ethanol Production." In Biofuels in Brazil, 225–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05020-1_11.

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Patil, Ranjit S., Pinakeswar Mahanta, and Manmohan Pandey. "Experimental and Computational Studies on Effects of Scale-Up of Riser on Heat Transfer Chatacterisitcs of Circulating Fluidized Bed." In Transactions on Engineering Technologies, 289–303. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9804-4_19.

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Percy, Andrew J., and Christoph H. Borchers. "Detailed Method for Performing the ExSTA Approach in Quantitative Bottom-Up Plasma." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 353–84. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1024-4_25.

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AbstractThe use of stable isotope-labeled standards (SIS) is an analytically valid means of quantifying proteins in biological samples. The nature of the labeled standards and their point of insertion in a bottom-up proteomic workflow can vary, with quantification methods utilizing curves in analytically sound practices. A promising quantification strategy for low sample amounts is external standard addition (ExSTA). In ExSTA, multipoint calibration curves are generated in buffer using serially diluted natural (NAT) peptides and a fixed concentration of SIS peptides. Equal concentrations of SIS peptides are spiked into experimental sample digests, with all digests (control and experimental) subjected to solid-phase extraction prior to liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) analysis. Endogenous peptide concentrations are then determined using the regression equation of the standard curves. Given the benefits of ExSTA in large-scale analysis, a detailed protocol is provided herein for quantifying a multiplexed panel of 125 high-to-moderate abundance proteins in undepleted and non-enriched human plasma samples. The procedural details and recommendations for successfully executing all phases of this quantification approach are described. As the proteins have been putatively correlated with various noncommunicable diseases, quantifying these by ExSTA in large-scale studies should help rapidly and precisely assess their true biomarker efficacy.
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Navarrete Gil, Cynthia, Manjula Ramaiah, Andrea Mantsios, Clare Barrington, and Deanna Kerrigan. "Best Practices and Challenges to Sex Worker Community Empowerment and Mobilisation Strategies to Promote Health and Human Rights." In Sex Work, Health, and Human Rights, 189–206. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-64171-9_11.

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AbstractSex workers face a number of health and human rights challenges including heightened risk for HIV infection and suboptimal care and treatment outcomes, institutional and interpersonal violence, labour rights violations, and financial insecurity. In response, sex worker-led groups have been formed and sustained across geographic settings to address these challenges and other needs. Over the last several decades, a growing body of literature has shown that community empowerment approaches among sex workers are associated with significant reductions in HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Yet legal and policy environments, as well as funding constraints, have often limited the reach, along with the impact and sustainability, of such approaches.In this chapter, we first review the literature on community empowerment and mobilisation strategies as a means to collectively address HIV, violence, and other health and human rights issues among sex workers. We then utilise two case studies, developed by the sex worker-led groups APROASE in Mexico and Ashodaya Samithi in India, to illustrate and contextualise community empowerment processes and challenges, including barriers to scale-up. By integrating the global literature with context-specific case studies, we distil lessons learned and recommendations related to community empowerment approaches among sex workers.
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Jonker, Jan, and Niels Faber. "The Art of Doing." In Organizing for Sustainability, 177–86. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-78157-6_14.

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AbstractThe purpose of the Business Model Template (BMT) is to help you turn your idea into a viable project or organization. To illustrate this, two real-life case studies are offered in this chapter. Firstly, the KipCaravan project, which is a mobile home—a caravan—for chickens. It involves low-scale egg production in several locations. Secondly, the Sun at School NSV2 project in the city of Nijmegen. For both projects you will find a step-by-step description of the different routes followed. As you will see, the interpretation of the building blocks is different for every project and there is no best order in which to stack the building blocks. Bear in mind that both projects are still up and running successfully at the time of writing. These examples are shown in simplified versions and with the benefit of hindsight, of course. Perhaps the essence of doing business is having the courage to start without a ready-made recipe.
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Ovcharenko, Vladimir E., Konstantin V. Ivanov, and Bao Hai Yu. "Formation of a Nanostructured Hardened Surface Layer on the TiC-(Ni-Cr) Metal-Ceramic Alloy by Pulsed Electron-Beam Irradiation." In Springer Tracts in Mechanical Engineering, 421–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60124-9_18.

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AbstractThe efficiency and service life of products made from metal-ceramic tool alloys and used as cutting tools and friction units are determined by a combination of physical and strength properties of their surface layers with a thickness of up to 200 μm. Therefore, much attention is paid to their improvement at the present time. An effective way to increase the operational properties of the metal-ceramic alloy products is to modify the structure and the phase composition of the surface layers by forming multi-scale internal structures with a high proportion of low-dimensional (submicro and nano) components. For this purpose, surfaces are treated with concentrated energy fluxes. Pulse electron-beam irradiation (PEBI) in an inert gas plasma is one of the most effective methods. This chapter presents results of theoretical and experimental studies of this process. An example is the nanostructured hardened surface layer on the TiC-(Ni-Cr) metal-ceramic alloy (ratio of components 50:50) formed by PEBI in the plasma of argon, krypton, and xenon. Its multi-level structure, phase composition, as well as tribological and strength properties are shown.
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Conference papers on the topic "Scale-up studies"

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Yu, Hao, Jose E. Moreira, Parijat Dube, I.-hsin Chung, and Li Zhang. "Performance Studies of a WebSphere Application, Trade, in Scale-out and Scale-up Environments." In 2007 IEEE International Parallel and Distributed Processing Symposium. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipdps.2007.370632.

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Yuan, Chris Y., and Yangping Sheng. "Sustainable scale-up studies of Atomic Layer Deposition for microelectronics manufacturing." In 2010 IEEE International Symposium on Sustainable Systems and Technology (ISSST). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/issst.2010.5507682.

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Tchelepi, H. A., L. J. Durlofsky, W. H. Chen, A. Bernath, and M. C. H. Chien. "Practical Use of Scale Up and Parallel Reservoir Simulation Technologies in Field Studies." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/38886-ms.

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Chow, W. K., and S. S. Han. "Scale Modeling Studies on Flame Stretching and Swirling in a Room With Natural Vents." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-62087.

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Flame stretching and swirling in a room fire with natural vents will be studied with scale models in this paper. Experiments were carried out in two models of same size 18 cm by 15 cm by 15 cm with or without a movable wall. A total of 16 tests were carried out with different ceiling vent sizes and ventilation arrangement. Different propanol pool fires of diameters 0.11 m to 0.2 m were set up. Volume of propanol varied from 30 ml to 500 ml to give different burning durations. Two pool fires of same volume of fuel and diameter were used in each test, one put in the model and the other burnt outside. The flame lengths of the two fires inside and outside the room model were measured and compared. Two fire regimes under limited ventilation were observed in this scale modeling studies. Firstly, the pool fire inside the model burnt for a longer time with a taller flame when there is no ventilation provided to the model. At the later stage of the fire, the flame height inside the model stretched by over 20% taller than that for the pool fire outside the model. This fire scenario of having tall flame for a long time is very hazardous and should be considered in designing natural vents. Secondly, providing ventilation at the side wall of the model might induce swirling motion inside. Air will be supplied into the model to burn the pool fire faster with short duration. The flame swirled up to a tall height fast but not stretching up slowly as in the case with limited ventilation. The additional air intake flow can be taken as air pumping action.
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Zhu, J., R. Huo, and W. K. Chow. "Scale Modelling Studies on Smoke Movement in Vertical Shafts of Tall Buildings." In ASME/JSME 2007 Thermal Engineering Heat Transfer Summer Conference collocated with the ASME 2007 InterPACK Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2007-32364.

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There is growing interest in understanding fire spreading in a vertical shaft for very tall buildings in the Far East. Experimental study on smoke movement induced by buoyancy in a model will be reported in this paper. A series of experiments had been performed in a 1/10 scale model of typical vertical shafts in China. Six scenarios were set up by varying the ventilation conditions by opening different side wall and top vents at the shaft. The smoke temperature and concentrations of carbon monoxide in the shaft model were measured. Those are useful to justify the reduction of buoyancy in the vertical shaft. Measured results are compared with numerical simulation with Computational Fluid Dynamics. Relations of buoyancy reduction and the toxic gases concentrations are studied.
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Park, Jong M., Senol Mutlu, and Yogesh B. Gianchandani. "Nano-Scale Abrasion Studies of Materials Used in MEMS Devices and Packages." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-80490.

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Abrasion plays an important role in the manufacture and use of certain microstructures. In this paper, we explore the nano-scale abrasion characteristics of Al, Si, Pyrex™ glass, and glass-mica ceramic (Macor™), using a commercial scribing tool adapted to provide controlled velocity and force, and accurate positioning for abrasion utilizing two abrasion heads: a diamond facet edge and a custom alumina-grit head. While Al is easily abraded, it tends to create build-up of material along the edges. Silicon provides triangular clean groves with minimum widths ≈ 460 nm. Macor provides scalloped grooves that show some chipping and have minimum widths of ≈ 320 nm. Glass provides clean, rounded grooves, with minimum widths of ≈ 200 nm. This paper also describes how controlled abrasion can be exploited for the non-lithographic fabrication of nanochannels which are of interest in several fluidic devices.
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Hilgert, Jonathan, Martin Bruschewski, Holger Werschnik, and Heinz-Peter Schiffer. "Numerical Studies on Combustor-Turbine Interaction at the Large Scale Turbine Rig (LSTR)." In ASME Turbo Expo 2017: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2017-64504.

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In order to fully understand the physical behavior of lean burn combustors and its influence on high pressure turbine stages in modern jet engines, the use of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) promises to be a valuable addition to experimental techniques. The numerical investigations of this paper are based on the Large Scale Turbine Rig (LSTR) at Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany which has been set up to explore the aerothermal combustor turbine interaction. The underlying numerical grids of the simulations take account of the complex cooling design to the fullest extent, considering coolant cavities, cooling holes and vane trailing edge slots within the meshing process. In addition to the k-ω-SST turbulence model, Scale-Adaptive Simulation (SAS) is applied for a computational domain comprising swirl generator and nozzle guide vanes in order to overcome the shortcomings of eddy viscosity turbulence models with regard to streamline curvature. The numerical results are compared with Five Hole Probe measurements at different streamwise locations showing good agreement and allowing for a more detailed examination of the complex flow physics caused by the interaction of turbine flow with lean-burn combustion and advanced film-cooling concepts. Moreover, numerically predicted Nu-contours on the hub end wall of the nozzle guide vane are validated by means of Infrared Thermography measurements.
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Siegel, Nathan, Greg Kolb, Kibum Kim, Vijayarangan Rangaswamy, and Samir Moujaes. "Solid Particle Receiver Flow Characerization Studies." In ASME 2007 Energy Sustainability Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2007-36118.

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The solid particle receiver (SPR) is a direct absorption central receiver that can provide a solar interface with thermal storage for thermochemical hydrogen production processes requiring heat input at temperatures up to 1000 C. In operation, a curtain consisting of ∼690 μm ceramic particles is dropped within the receiver cavity and directly illuminated by concentrated solar energy. The heated particles exit the receiver and may either be stored or sent through a heat exchanger to provide process heat input. The performance of the receiver is dependent on the characteristics of the particle flow including velocity and opacity (optical density). In addition, because the SPR will have an open aperture there is also a possibility that the flow may be disturbed by high ambient winds. Computational models have been and are currently being used to simulate receiver performance at power levels up to several MWt. However, due to the complex two-phase nature of the solid particle flow, such models rely on experimental data both to provide physical input, such as boundary conditions, as well as to provide a point of comparison for model validation. In this paper, we present experimental results from tests performed using a small scale unheated solid particle curtain. These tests focus on the measurement of the flow characteristics of the solid particle curtain as it falls from a near-zero velocity discharge slot to a collection point three meters below. The results include measured values for the variation of velocity, solids volume fraction, curtain width, and curtain opacity along the length of the curtain.
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Rai, Ashwin, Travis Skinner, and Aditi Chattopadhyay. "A Parallelized Generalized Method of Cells Framework for Multiscale Studies of Composite Materials." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11529.

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Abstract This paper presents a parallelized framework for a multi-scale material analysis method called the generalized method of cells (GMC) model which can be used to effectively homogenize or localize material properties over two different length scales. Parallelization is utlized at two instances: (a) for the solution of the governing linear equations, and (b) for the local analysis of each subcell. The governing linear equation is solved parallely using a parallel form of the Gaussian substitution method, and the subsequent local subcell analysis is performed parallely using a domain decomposition method wherein the lower length scale subcells are equally divided over available processors. The parellization algorithm takes advantage of a single program multiple data (SPMD) distributed memory architecture using the Message Passing Interface (MPI) standard, which permits scaling up of the analysis algorithm to any number of processors on a computing cluster. Results show significant decrease in solution time for the parallelized algorithm compared to serial algorithms, especially for denser microscale meshes. The consequent speed-up in processing time permits the analysis of complex length scale dependent phenomenon, nonlinear analysis, and uncertainty studies with multiscale effects which would otherwise be prohibitively expensive.
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Chow, C. L., and W. K. Chow. "Experimental Studies on Fire Spread Over Glass Fac¸ade." In ASME 2010 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2010-37363.

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There are concerns on the behaviour of glass fac¸ade under a big fire. Real-scale experiments on a single-skin fac¸ade were carried out at a large laboratory of a sizable aluminum manufacturing plant in Southern China. Burning behaviour of a three-storey high single-skin glass fac¸ade with double glazing due to an adjacent big room fire was studied. Part of the fac¸ade of width 12 m and height 13 m was installed in a testing tower. A glass pane of the fac¸ade was taken out with a model fire chamber placed next to the opening. Flashover in the chamber was set up by burning a 2 MW gasoline fire. Flame and smoke spread from the chamber would move up along the glass fac¸ade. Air temperature outside the glazing above the fire chamber was measured. It is observed that flame spread out of the opening will be attached to the upper levels. The glass fac¸ade at that level will be heated up and broken. Flame can spread to the room at the upper level. Another flashover fire will then occur with adequate air supply. This scenario on having a post-flashover fire in an adjacent upper room should be included in hazard assessment in buildings with glass fac¸ade.
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Reports on the topic "Scale-up studies"

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Bromberg, L., P. Titus, D. Cohn, and C. Bolton. IGNITOR scale-up studies (DIGNITOR). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7185023.

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Coles, D. G., and R. D. Peters. Scale-up considerations relevant to experimental studies of nuclear waste-package behavior. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/5754566.

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Comolli, A. G., E. S. Johanson, W. F. Karolkiewicz, L. K. T. Lee, R. H. Stalzer, and T. O. Smith. Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL{trademark}) process bench studies and PDU scale-up with sub-bituminous coal. Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10179305.

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Financing Disaster Risk Reduction in Asia and the Pacific: A Guide for Policy Makers. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/tim200415-2.

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Disaster events impact Asia and the Pacific more than any other region in the world. In light of current and future climate and disaster risks, there is an urgent need to address the region’s underinvestment in disaster risk and reduction. This publication aims to guide policy makers and other stakeholders on how to scale up disaster risk reduction financing in developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank. It provides an overview of financing opportunities—including instruments and mechanisms—as well as country case studies and practical tips for governments to implement enhanced disaster risk reduction.
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