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Journal articles on the topic 'Scalene'

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1

De Troyer, A., M. Cappello, and J. F. Brichant. "Do canine scalene and sternomastoid muscles play a role in breathing?" Journal of Applied Physiology 76, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 242–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1994.76.1.242.

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To assess the respiratory function of the scalene and sternomastoid muscles in the dog, we studied the effect of graded increases in inspiratory airflow resistance and single-breath airway occlusion on the electrical activity of these muscles in 18 supine anesthetized spontaneously breathing animals. The sternomastoids never showed any activity, and the scalenes showed some inspiratory activity during occlusion in only two animals. The adoption of the prone position and bilateral cervical vagotomy did not affect this pattern. Hypercapnia also did not elicit any sternomastoid activity and induc
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2

Takenaga, Tetsuya, Satoshi Takeuchi, Hideki Murakami, Katsumasa Sugimoto, and Masahito Yoshida. "Throwing can Increase the Stiffness of the Scalene Muscle." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 7_suppl6 (July 1, 2020): 2325967120S0040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00402.

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Objectives: Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) has been reported as a set of symptoms due to the compression of the brachial plexus and subclavian vessels in the region of the thoracic outlet1. As a type of TOS, scalenus anticus syndrome involves the compression of the brachial nerves as they pass through the interval surrounded by the anterior and middle scalene muscles, and the first rib bone or cervical rib2. Recently, exercise-induced TOS is becoming more common in athletes, especially for those who perform repetitive overhead and hyperabduction maneuvers with upper limbs, such as baseball pla
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3

Boran, Nurettin, Fulya Kayikçioğrlu, Gokhan Tulunay, and M. Faruk Kose. "Scalene Lymph Node Dissection in Locally Advanced Cervical Carcinoma: Is it Reasonable or Unnecessary?" Tumori Journal 89, no. 2 (March 2003): 173–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160308900213.

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Aims and background The aim of this study was to evaluate the routine use of scalene lymph node dissection to determine the degree of disease spread in women with stage IIB-IVA cervical cancer treated at our hospital. Methods and study design Patients with locally advanced cervical carcinoma underwent para-aortic lymph node dissection via the extraperitoneal approach. Patients with clinical evidence of scalene or supraclavicular node metastasis were excluded. If their paraaortic nodes were tumor-positive, patients underwent scalene lymph node dissection. Results Twenty-eight scalene lymph node
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4

Legrand, Alexandre, Melanie Majcher, Emma Joly, Adeline Bonaert, and Pierre Alain Gevenois. "Neuromechanical matching of drive in the scalene muscle of the anesthetized rabbit." Journal of Applied Physiology 107, no. 3 (September 2009): 741–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.91320.2008.

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The scalene is a primary respiratory muscle in humans; however, in dogs, EMG activity recorded from this muscle during inspiration was reported to derive from underlying muscles. In the present studies, origin of the activity in the medial scalene was tested in rabbits, and its distribution was compared with the muscle mechanical advantage. We assessed in anesthetized rabbits the presence of EMG activity in the scalene, sternomastoid, and parasternal intercostal muscles during quiet breathing and under resistive loading, before and after denervation of the scalene and after its additional insu
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5

Legrand, Alexandre, Emmanuelle Schneider, Pierre-Alain Gevenois, and André De Troyer. "Respiratory effects of the scalene and sternomastoid muscles in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 94, no. 4 (April 1, 2003): 1467–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00869.2002.

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Previous studies have shown that in normal humans the change in airway opening pressure (ΔPao) produced by all the parasternal and external intercostal muscles during a maximal contraction is approximately −18 cmH2O. This value is substantially less negative than ΔPao values recorded during maximal static inspiratory efforts in subjects with complete diaphragmatic paralysis. In the present study, therefore, the respiratory effects of the two prominent inspiratory muscles of the neck, the sternomastoids and the scalenes, were evaluated by application of the Maxwell reciprocity theorem. Seven he
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6

Legrand, Alexandre, Vincent Ninane, and André De Troyer. "Mechanical advantage of sternomastoid and scalene muscles in dogs." Journal of Applied Physiology 82, no. 5 (May 1, 1997): 1517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.82.5.1517.

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Legrand, Alexandre, Vincent Ninane, and André De Troyer. Mechanical advantage of sternomastoid and scalene muscles in dogs. J. Appl. Physiol. 82(5): 1517–1522, 1997.—Theoretical studies have led to the prediction that the maximal effect of a given respiratory muscle on airway opening pressure (Pao) is the product of muscle mass, the maximal active muscle tension per unit cross-sectional area, and the fractional change in muscle length per unit volume increase of the relaxed chest wall. It has previously been shown that the parasternal intercostals behave in agreement with this prediction (A. D
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7

Fournier, Mario, and Michael I. Lewis. "Functional, cellular, and biochemical adaptations to elastase-induced emphysema in hamster medial scalene." Journal of Applied Physiology 88, no. 4 (April 1, 2000): 1327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.2000.88.4.1327.

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The scalene has been reported to be an accessory inspiratory muscle in the hamster. We hypothesize that with the chronic loads and/or dynamic hyperinflation associated with emphysema (Emp), the scalene will be actively recruited, resulting in functional, cellular, and biochemical adaptations. Emp was induced in adult hamsters. Inspiratory electromyogram (EMG) activity was recorded from the medial scalene and costal diaphragm. Isometric contractile and fatigue properties were evaluated in vitro. Muscle fibers were classified histochemically and immunohistochemically. Individual fiber cross-sect
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8

Estenne, M., M. Gorini, A. Van Muylem, V. Ninane, and M. Paiva. "Rib cage shape and motion in microgravity." Journal of Applied Physiology 73, no. 3 (September 1, 1992): 946–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1992.73.3.946.

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We studied the effect of microgravity (0 Gz) on the anteroposterior diameters of the upper (URC-AP) and lower (LRC-AP) rib cage, the transverse diameter of the lower rib cage (LRC-TR), and the xiphipubic distance and on the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the scalene and parasternal intercostal muscles in five normal subjects breathing quietly in the seated posture. Gastric pressure was also recorded in four subjects. At 0 Gz, end-expiratory LRC-AP and xiphipubic distance increased but LRC-TR invariably decreased, as did end-expiratory gastric pressure. No consistent effect was observed on
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9

Nguyen, Vuvi H., Hao (Howe) Liu, Armando Rosales, and Rustin Reeves. "A Cadaveric Investigation of the Dorsal Scapular Nerve." Anatomy Research International 2016 (August 15, 2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4106981.

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Compression of the dorsal scapular nerve (DSN) is associated with pain in the upper extremity and back. Even though entrapment of the DSN within the middle scalene muscle is typically the primary cause of pain, it is still easily missed during diagnosis. The purpose of this study was to document the DSN’s anatomy and measure the oblique course it takes with regard to the middle scalene muscle. From 20 embalmed adult cadavers, 23 DSNs were documented regarding the nerve’s spinal root origin, anatomical route, and muscular innervations. A transverse plane through the laryngeal prominence was est
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10

Farkas, G. A., and D. F. Rochester. "Contractile characteristics and operating lengths of canine neck inspiratory muscles." Journal of Applied Physiology 61, no. 1 (July 1, 1986): 220–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1986.61.1.220.

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The neck inspiratory muscles are recruited to support breathing under numerous conditions. To gain insight into their synergistic actions we examined the isometric contractile properties of bundles from canine scalene and sternomastoid muscles. In addition, we also related the length of the neck muscles, measured sonomicrometrically in vivo at different lung volumes and body positions, to their optimal force-producing length (Lo) determined in vitro. We found that the speed of the sternomastoid is somewhat faster than that of the scalene owing to a shorter relaxation rate; the sternomastoid ge
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11

Plunkett, P. K. "Inter-scalene brachial plexus blocks." Emergency Medicine Journal 7, no. 2 (June 1, 1990): 122. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/emj.7.2.122-a.

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12

Stjernberg, N., H. Truedson, and H. Björnstad-Petersen. "Scalene Node Biopsy in Sarcoidosis." Acta Medica Scandinavica 207, no. 1-6 (April 24, 2009): 111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1980.tb09686.x.

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13

Monsivais, Jose, Yang Sun, and T. Rajashekhar. "The Scalene Reflex: Relationship Between Increased Median or Ulnar Nerve Pressure and Scalene Muscle Activity." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 11, no. 04 (July 1995): 271–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2007-1006543.

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14

Popelansky, Ya Yu, and O. N. Markov. "Stimulation electroneuromyography of the middle scalene syndrome." Neurology Bulletin XXXII, no. 1-2 (May 15, 2000): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/nb77770.

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With the purpose of making diagnostics of the middle scalene syndrome more differentiated, neuromyographic evalution of neuromuscular complex (nervus thoracicus longus ... musculus serratus anterior) has been performed. In 33 patients with the middle scalene syndrome and in 11 healthy people а method of stimulation electroneuromyography has been developed. Examples from clinical cases are given. When examining 8 formalinized specimens peculiarities of topography of nervus thoracicus longus have been revealed.
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15

Utami, Dwi, Epon Nur’aeni, and Akhmad Nugraha. "Desain Didaktis Luas Daerah Segi Empat Sembarang Berbasis Model Pembelajaran SPADE." EduBasic Journal: Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar 2, no. 1 (July 29, 2020): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ebj.v2i1.26427.

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This research was motivated preliminary studies results on non optimal the students’ ability of scalene rectangular area and the obstacle leraning experienced by students. The effort made by the teacher to overcome the learning obstacle is to design learning based on students’ needs and characteristics. In the implementation the teacher should adjust the design in accordance with the classroom situations and conditions. The purpose of this study were to describe the didactic design of scalene rectangular area based on the SPADE learning model for fourth grade students of elementary schools and
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16

Vaid, VinendraNath, and Aparna Shukla. "Inter scalene block: Revisiting old technique." Anesthesia: Essays and Researches 12, no. 2 (2018): 344. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/aer.aer_231_17.

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17

Burdine, J. Michael. "Complication Rates of Scalene Regional Anesthesia." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 84, no. 10 (October 2002): 1891. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200210000-00028.

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18

Brown, Anthony R., and William N. Levine. "Complication Rates of Scalene Regional Anesthesia." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 84, no. 10 (October 2002): 1891–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200210000-00029.

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19

Weber, Stephen C., and Ritu Jain. "Complication Rates of Scalene Regional Anesthesia." Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery-American Volume 84, no. 10 (October 2002): 1892–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2106/00004623-200210000-00030.

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20

Lindig, Walter. "Erfahrungen mit der Scalene Node Biopsy." Acta Medica Scandinavica 176, S425 (April 24, 2009): 246–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0954-6820.1964.tb05763.x.

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21

Zhang, Lei, Beverly Wang, and Julie Goddard. "Challenges of Preoperative Diagnosis and Management of Scalene Intramuscular Angioma." Cancer and Clinical Oncology 5, no. 1 (December 18, 2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/cco.v5n1p20.

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Intramuscular angioma of scalene muscle is rare with only five cases reported so far. Four of them have not been suspected before surgery; one was diagnosed preoperatively by core biopsy. Preoperative diagnosis is important for management. Awareness of cytologic features could help preoperative diagnosis when need of ruling out malignancy and coagulopathy make fine needle aspiration a choice. We herein demonstrate a new case of a 27 year old male with history of hepatocellular carcinoma, who presented with a 6 cm left supraclavicular mass. The fine needle aspiration was paucicellular; however,
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22

Tubbs, R. Shane, E. George Salter, John C. Wellons, Jeffrey P. Blount, and W. Jerry Oakes. "The Triangle of the Vertebral Artery." Operative Neurosurgery 56, suppl_4 (April 1, 2005): ONS—252—ONS—255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000156797.07395.15.

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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Neurosurgical procedures such as proximal brachial plexus repair, scalenotomy, and direct isolation of the proximal vertebral artery require a good working knowledge of the triangle of the vertebral artery. This deep triangle of the neck is bound by the subclavian artery and the anterior scalene and longus cervicis muscles. In addition to the vertebral artery, many important structures are found in this area, such as the ganglionated sympathetic chain and certain cervical spinal nerves. METHODS: Twenty formalin-fixed cadavers were used for this study. Dissection of this tri
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23

Grant, Nathan. "Delta Scalene: A Passage Through Mississippi Triangle." Black American Literature Forum 25, no. 2 (1991): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3041697.

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24

Brooks, Robert, and Peter Waksman. "The first eigenvalue of a scalene triangle." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 100, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-1987-0883424-1.

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25

Ricci, Joseph, Kyle Eberlin, and Robert Hagan. "Novel Surgical Approach for Decompression of the Scalene Triangle in Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome." Journal of Reconstructive Microsurgery 34, no. 05 (February 2, 2018): 315–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1621728.

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Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a cause of upper extremity and shoulder dysfunction. TOS can present with a wide range of symptoms due to compression of the brachial plexus or its branches during their passage through the cervicothoracobrachial region or scalene triangle. There are three types of TOS: arterial, venous, and neurogenic. Neurogenic TOS (nTOS) is by far the most frequent type and represents more than 95% of all cases. Historically, surgical intervention for all types of TOS has evolved based on the treatment for a vascular etiology and has typically included a first rib resectio
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26

Burks, Stephen Shelby, Erin M. Wolfe, Jang Won Yoon, and Allan D. Levi. "Supraclavicular Resection of a Cervical Rib Causing Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: 2-Dimensional Operative Video." Operative Neurosurgery 19, no. 5 (May 23, 2020): E520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opaa139.

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Abstract Presence of a cervical rib results from overdevelopment of the seventh cervical vertebrae.1-3 The cervical rib along with scalene muscles can cause neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome.4,5 Rib resection is typically done via anterior approach, using either supraclavicular or transaxillary route.6,7 We present an operative video detailing supraclavicular resection of a cervical rib causing neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome with direct decompression of the lower trunk of the brachial plexus. The patient presented with severe symptoms including hand atrophy. We were able to directly vis
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27

Chaskes, Mark B., John W. Bishop, Matthew Bobinski, and D. Gregory Farwell. "Myopericytoma of the Neck Originating From the Middle Scalene: A Case Report." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 99, no. 7 (May 29, 2019): NP72—NP74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145561319839821.

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We report the case of a myopericytoma of the neck. A 23-year-old female noticed a small, nontender mass in her left supraclavicular fossa. The mass grew over a period of 5 months, prompting the patient to seek evaluation. There were no motor or sensory deficits. Imaging suggested a mass originating from the middle scalene muscle. Computed tomography–guided core needle biopsy demonstrated a spindle cell neoplasm with smooth muscle differentiation. Complete surgical excision was performed. Histopathological and immunohistochemical evaluation of the tissue sample suggested myopericytoma. Myoperic
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28

Chaskes, Mark B., John W. Bishop, Matthew Bobinski, and D. Gregory Farwell. "Myopericytoma of the Neck Originating in the Middle Scalene Muscle: A Case Report." Ear, Nose & Throat Journal 96, no. 10-11 (October 2017): E5—E7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145561317096010-1102.

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We report a case of myopericytoma of the neck. A 23-year-old woman noticed a small, nontender mass in her left supraclavicular fossa. The mass had grown over a period of 5 months, prompting her to seek evaluation. On examination, no motor or sensory deficits were present. Imaging suggested that a mass had originated in the middle scalene muscle. Computed-tomography–guided core needle biopsy demonstrated a spindle-cell neoplasm with smooth-muscle differentiation. Complete surgical excision was performed. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical evaluations of the tissue sample suggested a myoper
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29

Sanders, Richard J., Catherie G. Ratzin Jackson, Natalio Banchero, and William H. Pearce. "Scalene muscle abnormalities in traumatic thoracic outlet syndrome." American Journal of Surgery 159, no. 2 (February 1990): 231–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0002-9610(05)80269-7.

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30

Joshy, S., G. Menon, and A. Iossifidis. "Inter-scalene block in day-case shoulder surgery." European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology 16, no. 4 (July 19, 2006): 327–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00590-006-0101-4.

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31

Petru, Edgar, Hellmuth Pickel, Karl Tamussino, Manfred Lahousen, Michaela Heydarfadai, Wilhelm Posawetz, and Robert Jakse. "Pretherapeutic scalene lymph node biopsy in ovarian cancer." Gynecologic Oncology 43, no. 3 (December 1991): 262–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0090-8258(91)90032-z.

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32

Padaki, Amit S., R. Warne Fitch, Lawrence B. Stack, and R. Jason Thurman. "Horner's Syndrome after Scalene Block and Carotid Dissection." Journal of Emergency Medicine 50, no. 5 (May 2016): e215-e218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jemermed.2016.01.027.

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33

Ozawa, Hiroyuki, Masato Fujii, Toshiki Tomita, and Kaoru Ogawa. "Intramuscular myxoma of scalene muscle: a case report." Auris Nasus Larynx 31, no. 3 (September 2004): 319–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anl.2004.03.009.

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34

Goubran, Emile, Jonathan Carlos, and Samir Ayad. "A bifurcated anterior scalene muscle: A case report." Clinical Chiropractic 13, no. 2 (June 2010): 153–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clch.2010.02.020.

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35

Sukhani, Radha, Joanna Barclay, and Mark Aasen. "Prolonged Horner??s Syndrome After Inter scalene Block." Anesthesia & Analgesia 79, no. 3 (September 1994): 601???603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/00000539-199409000-00038.

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36

Rassat, André, and Patrick W Fowler. "Any Scalene Triangle Is the Most Chiral Triangle." Helvetica Chimica Acta 86, no. 5 (May 2003): 1728–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hlca.200390143.

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37

Arias-Buría, José L., Álvaro Monroy-Acevedo, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Gracia M. Gallego-Sendarrubias, Ricardo Ortega-Santiago, and Gustavo Plaza-Manzano. "Effects of dry needling of active trigger points in the scalene muscles in individuals with mechanical neck pain: a randomized clinical trial." Acupuncture in Medicine 38, no. 6 (March 30, 2020): 380–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964528420912254.

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Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of dry needling (DN) versus pressure release over scalene muscle trigger points (TrPs) on pain, related disability, and inspiratory vital capacity in individuals with neck pain. Methods: In this randomized, single-blind trial, 30 patients with mechanical neck pain and active TrPs in the scalene musculature were randomly allocated to trigger point dry needling (TrP-DN; n = 15) or pressure release (n = 15) groups. The DN group received a single session of DN of active TrPs in the anterior scalene muscles, and the pressure release group
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38

Rached, Roberto, WuT Hsing, and Chennyfer Rached. "Evaluation of the efficacy of ropivacaine injection in the anterior and middle scalene muscles guided by ultrasonography in the treatment of Thoracic Outlet Syndrome." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 65, no. 7 (July 2019): 982–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.7.982.

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SUMMARY A clinical, placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind trial with two parallel groups. OBJECTIVE to evaluate the efficacy of ropivacaine injection in each belly of the anterior and middle scalene muscles, guided by ultrasonography, in the treatment of Nonspecific Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) compared to cutaneous pressure. METHODS 38 patients, 19 in the control group (skin pressure in each belly of the anterior and middle scalene muscles) and 19 in the intervention group (ropivacaine). Subjects with a diagnosis of Nonspecific Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, pain in upper limbs and/or nec
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39

Wang, Ziqi, Thomas Lotina, and John Malaty. "Uncommon presentation and complications of herpes zoster infection involving the cervical, vagus and accessory nerves which caused a delay in diagnosis and treatment." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 5 (May 2021): e241881. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2021-241881.

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A 70-year-old man with a history of invasive anal squamous cell carcinoma treated with excision and chemoradiation presented to the emergency department with right-sided neck pain and submandibular lymphadenopathy. CT imaging of the head and neck was unrevealing. The patient eventually developed cranial nerves X and XI dysfunction, manifesting as severe vocal cord paralysis (dysphonia), dysphagia, asymmetric palate elevation/deviation and trapezius muscle atrophy, in addition to scalene muscle atrophy. After an extensive workup, the patient’s symptoms were determined to be due to sequelae of v
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40

Mahata, Kingsuk, and Michael Schmittel. "Impact of the level of complexity in self-sorting: Fabrication of a supramolecular scalene triangle." Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 7 (November 22, 2011): 1555–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.7.183.

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The impact of the level of complexity in self-sorting was elaborated through the fabrication of various scalene triangles. It turned out that the self-sorting system with a higher level of complexity was far superior to less complex sorting algorithms.
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41

ATASOY, E. "Thoracic Outlet Compression Syndrome Caused by a Schwannoma of the C7 Nerve Root." Journal of Hand Surgery 22, no. 5 (October 1997): 662–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0266-7681(97)80370-1.

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This is the first report of a schwannoma originating from the C7 nerve root causing thoracic outlet compression syndrome. The patient was a 30-year-old woman with a 3-year history of numbness on the radial side of the left hand, left arm tiredness, nocturnal pain in the left forearm and pain in the left elbow, shoulder and neck. Conservative treatment and previous operations, including carpal tunnel release and first rib resection, provided no relief. A left scalenectomy was performed. During the removal of the anterior scalene muscle, a mass approximately 3 cm long and 1.5 cm in diameter was
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42

Silva, A., H. Gama, S. Siqueira, M. Sales, A. Franco, and M. Casagrande. "Seventh cervical nerve perforating the middle scalene muscle: a possible clinical and surgical application." Journal of Morphological Sciences 31, no. 01 (January 2014): 006–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4322/jms.ao041013.

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Abstract Introduction: In most of cases, the emergency of the nervous roots of the brachial plexus in the posterior cervical triangle occur between the anterior and middle scalene muscles. However, anatomic variations in the brachial plexus are not rare. Methods: In the laboratory of Human Anatomy of the “Faculdade de Ciências Médicas de Minas Gerais” 106 cadavers were dissected. There were dissected the cervical region of all of the cadavers bilaterally. Results: In routinely dissection in the laboratory of human anatomy of the “Faculdade de Ciencias Médicas de Minas Gerais” we've found in th
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43

Mittal, Nikita, Manik Lal Saha, and Michael Schmittel. "A seven-component metallosupramolecular quadrilateral with four different orthogonal complexation vertices." Chemical Communications 51, no. 85 (2015): 15514–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc06324h.

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The 4-fold completive self-sorting of a ten-component library (7 dissimilar donors and 3 different acceptors) resulted in the clean self-assembly of four dynamic orthogonal complexes that were used as cornerstones in two novel six- and seven-component scalene quadrilaterals.
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44

Eckert, Danny J., R. Doug McEvoy, Kate E. George, Kieron J. Thomson, and Peter G. Catcheside. "Effects of hypoxia on genioglossus and scalene reflex responses to brief pulses of negative upper-airway pressure during wakefulness and sleep in healthy men." Journal of Applied Physiology 104, no. 5 (May 2008): 1426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01056.2007.

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Hypoxia can depress ventilation, respiratory load sensation, and the cough reflex, and potentially other protective respiratory reflexes such as respiratory muscle responses to increased respiratory load. In sleep-disordered breathing, increased respiratory load and hypoxia frequently coexist. This study aimed to examine the effects of hypoxia on the reflex responses of 1) the genioglossus (the largest upper airway dilator muscle) and 2) the scalene muscle (an obligatory inspiratory muscle) to negative-pressure pulse stimuli during wakefulness and sleep. We hypothesized that hypoxia would impa
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Duiverman, Marieke L., Leo A. van Eykern, Peter W. Vennik, Gerard H. Koëter, Eric J. W. Maarsingh, and Peter J. Wijkstra. "Reproducibility and responsiveness of a noninvasive EMG technique of the respiratory muscles in COPD patients and in healthy subjects." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 5 (May 2004): 1723–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.00914.2003.

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In the present study, we assessed the reproducibility and responsiveness of transcutaneous electromyography (EMG) of the respiratory muscles in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and healthy subjects during breathing against an inspiratory load. In seven healthy subjects and seven COPD patients, EMG signals of the frontal and dorsal diaphragm, intercostal muscles, abdominal muscles, and scalene muscles were derived on 2 different days, both during breathing at rest and during breathing through an inspiratory threshold device of 7, 14, and 21 cmH2O. For analysis, we used
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Ortega-Santiago, Ricardo, Maite Maestre-Lerga, César Fernández-de-las-Peñas, Joshua A. Cleland, and Gustavo Plaza-Manzano. "Widespread Pressure Pain Sensitivity and Referred Pain from Trigger Points in Patients with Upper Thoracic Spine Pain." Pain Medicine 20, no. 7 (March 1, 2019): 1379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pm/pnz020.

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Abstract Objectives The presence of trigger points (MTrPs) and pressure pain sensitivity has been well documented in subjects with neck and back pain; however, it has yet to be examined in people with upper thoracic spine pain. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of MTrPs and mechanical pain sensitivity in individuals with upper thoracic spine pain. Methods Seventeen subjects with upper thoracic spine pain and 17 pain-free controls without spine pain participated. MTrPs were examined bilaterally in the upper trapezius, rhomboid, iliocostalis thoracic, levator scapulae, in
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Miyamoto, Hideaki, Toshiaki Masaoka, Yûtsuke Mitoma, Kazushi Hayakawa, and Enjô Hata. "Indications for and usefulness of scalene node biopsy today." Journal of the Japanese Association for Chest Surgery 5, no. 7 (1991): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.2995/jacsurg1987.5.712.

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Lee, Gun Woo, Young Ho Kwon, Ju Ho Jeong, and Jung Won Kim. "The Efficacy of Scalene Injection in Thoracic Outlet Syndrome." Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society 50, no. 1 (2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3340/jkns.2011.50.1.36.

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KESSLER, J., and A. GRAY. "Sonography of Scalene Muscle Anomalies for Brachial Plexus Block." Regional Anesthesia and Pain Medicine 32, no. 2 (March 2007): 172–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.rapm.2006.09.011.

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Scott, J. A. "103.11 On the Spieker centre of a scalene triangle." Mathematical Gazette 103, no. 556 (February 14, 2019): 153–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mag.2019.26.

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