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Caselli, Michele, Marco Ronchi, and Andrea Boni. "Power Management Circuits for Low-Power RF Energy Harvesters." Journal of Low Power Electronics and Applications 10, no. 3 (September 19, 2020): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jlpea10030029.
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The paper describes the design and implementation of power management circuits for RF energy harvesters suitable for integration in wireless sensor nodes. In particular, we report the power management circuits used to provide the voltage supply of an integrated temperature sensor with analog-to-digital converter. A DC-DC boost converter is used to transfer efficiently the energy harvested from a generic radio-frequency rectifier into a charge reservoir, whereas a linear regulator scales the voltage supply to a suitable value for a sensing and conversion circuit. Implemented in a 65 nm CMOS technology, the power management system achieves a measured overall efficiency of 20%, with an available power of 4.5 μW at the DC-DC converter input. The system can sustain a temperature measurement rate of one sample/s with an RF input power of −28 dBm, making it compatible with the power levels available in generic outdoor environments.
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MOLLE, FRANCOIS. "Scales and power in river basin management: the Chao Phraya River in Thailand." Geographical Journal 173, no. 4 (December 2007): 358–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4959.2007.00255.x.
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Henderson, Melinda C. "Measuring Managerial Motivation: The Power Management Inventory." Journal of Nursing Measurement 1, no. 1 (January 1993): 67–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1061-3749.1.1.67.
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Psychometric properties for Part I ofhe Power Management Inventory (Hawker & Hall, 1981) are presented following validation of the instrument with samples of nurse managers (N=54) and executives (N=92). The content validity indices were .85 for management issues (item stems), .65 for Personalized Power (PP), .75 for Socialized Power (SP), and .70 for Affiliative Motive (AM) scales. Internal consistency reliabilities were acceptable (.63 to .87). Test-Retest correlations (n = 19 managers) ranged from .74 to .85. Correlation of nurse manager (n = 50) scores with subordinate scores of managers were significant (p < .05) for PP (r = .32) and AM (r = .29). Correlation of nurse executive (n = 59) scores with chief executive officer scores of executives were significant for PP (r = .32, p < .01) and AM (r=.25,p< .05). Mean scores on PP, SP and AM failed to profile the motive pattern for “successful” managers. About 29% of the managers and 39% of the executives were categorized as having no power motive preference. Use of the PMI for career counseling/decisions in nursing is not recommended, however, its use as an organizational development tool is endorsed.
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W. Virnstein, Robert. "Seagrass management in Indian River Lagoon, Florida: dealing with issues of scale." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 4 (1999): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc000299.
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The major theme of this paper is that management of seagrass must deal with issues of geographic scale. Approaches at several scales are needed. Examples are drawn primarily from management programmes for the 250 km long Indian River Lagoon system on the south-east coast of Florida. The Lagoon has several attributes of spatial variation that require approaches at various scales (e.g., from 1:1 000 000 to 1:1). Risks and errors of scaling up and scaling down are described. For large-scale approaches, remote-sensing mapping methods are generally appropriate. In the Indian River Lagoon, true-colour aerial photographs. are typically taken every 2?3 years at 1 :24 000 scale. Such Lagoon-wide maps have fuzzy boundaries and cannot be scaled down to fine scale, but they can be scaled up. At large scale, seagrass restoration/protection targets (to a depth of 1.7 m) are reasonable, but are unreasonable at fine scale. For monitoring change within a bed or meadow at metre to 500 m scale, monitoring of fixed transects is a powerful tool. However, the technique has limited power for comparisons among beds, which requires multiple transects. To build a predictive model, a site-specific study examined the relationships among light, water quality, and seagrasses. The link between seagrass and water quality is made through a light attenuation model incorporating both water column and epiphytes. Extensive sampling is required to test the robustness of the model at all scales. No single scale is appropriate for all approaches, and no approach applies over all scales. If such considerations of scale are not incorporated, errors of measurement, inappropriate techniques for assessment, implementation of wrong solutions, and a lack of understanding of the system under study can result.
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Jararweh, Yaser, and Salim Hariri. "Power and Performance Management of GPUs Based Cluster." International Journal of Cloud Applications and Computing 2, no. 4 (October 2012): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijcac.2012100102.
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Power consumption in GPUs based cluster became the major obstacle in the adoption of high productivity GPU accelerators in the high performance computing industry. The power consumed by GPU chips represent about 75% of the total GPU based cluster power consumption. This is due to the fact that the GPU cards are often configured at peak performance, and consequently, they will be active all the time. In this paper, the authors present a holistic power and performance management framework that reduces power consumption of the GPU based cluster and maintains the system performance within an acceptable predefined threshold. The framework dynamically scales the GPU cluster to adapt to the variation of incoming workload’s requirements and increase the idleness of the of GPU devices, allowing them to transition to low-power state. The proposed power and performance management framework in GPU cluster demonstrated 46.3% power savings for GPU workload while maintaining the cluster performance. The overhead of the proposed framework is insignificant on the normal application\system operations and services.
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DANDY, NORMAN, STEFANO FIORINI, and ALTHEA LYNN DAVIES. "Agenda-setting and power in collaborative natural resource management." Environmental Conservation 41, no. 4 (November 15, 2013): 311–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892913000441.
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SUMMARYCollaborative management is a widely accepted means of resolving conflict amongst natural resource stakeholders. Power sharing is central to most conceptualizations of collaboration, but theoretical insights about power are only rarely used to interrogate collaborative processes. Agenda-setting theory was used to analyse cases of collaborative deer management in England, Scotland and Indiana (USA). Collaborative management agendas across scales and social contexts were found to be primarily set by contextual factors, particularly stakeholders drawing on specific cultures and policies, and pre-defining issues. These findings highlight significant gaps between the theory and practice of collaboration. If, in practice, substantial power has been wielded in advance, the capacity of subsequent collaborative processes to share power amongst stakeholders may be severely limited. To provide opportunities for differing cultural perspectives to be expressed and challenged, convenors of collaborative processes therefore need to be aware of and reflexive upon existing power relationships and structures.
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Stillerman, Joel. "Explaining Strike Outcomes in Chile: Associational Power, Structural Power, and Spatial Strategies." Latin American Politics and Society 59, no. 1 (2017): 96–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/laps.12012.
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AbstractResearch on strikes has traditionally focused on how economic, institutional, and political variables shape strike patterns. Recent work examines how workers' structural, associational, and symbolic power facilitate strikes. Building on this research, this article asks, what factors determine strike outcomes? It analyzes four strikes at MADECO, Chile's largest copper manufacturer, across democratic, authoritarian, and postauthoritarian regimes. Using qualitative and documentary evidence, it argues that strike outcomes reflect workers' capacity to halt or disrupt production and to access government allies who can pressure management to settle strikes in workers' favor. Outcomes vary based on the political composition of government, workers' capacity to halt production, and industry's and government's dependence on foreign investment. MADECO workers' location in Santiago, near national officials, allowed them to mobilize at the local, national, and international scales to pressure management. Comparisons with other strikes in Chile, Argentina, and Peru identify similar mobilization patterns.
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Devaney, Laura, and Alastair Iles. "Scales of progress, power and potential in the US bioeconomy." Journal of Cleaner Production 233 (October 2019): 379–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.393.
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van Ackooij, Wim, Debora Daniela Escobar, Martin Glanzer, and Georg Ch Pflug. "Distributionally robust optimization with multiple time scales: valuation of a thermal power plant." Computational Management Science 17, no. 3 (November 20, 2019): 357–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10287-019-00358-0.
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AbstractThe valuation of a real option is preferably done with the inclusion of uncertainties in the model, since the value depends on future costs and revenues, which are not perfectly known today. The usual value of the option is defined as the maximal expected (discounted) profit one may achieve under optimal management of the operation. However, also this approach has its limitations, since quite often the models for costs and revenues are subject to model error. Under a prudent valuation, the possible model error should be incorporated into the calculation. In this paper, we consider the valuation of a power plant under ambiguity of probability models for costs and revenues. The valuation is done by stochastic dynamic programming and on top of it, we use a dynamic ambiguity model for obtaining the prudent minimax valuation. For the valuation of the power plant under model ambiguity we introduce a distance based on the Wasserstein distance. Another highlight of this paper is the multiscale approach, since decision stages are defined on a weekly basis, while the random costs and revenues appear on a much finer scale. The idea of bridging stochastic processes is used to link the weekly decision scale with the finer simulation scale. The applicability of the introduced concepts is broad and not limited to the motivating valuation problem.
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Wang, Yanling, Zidan Sun, Zhijie Yan, Likai Liang, Fan Song, and Zhiqiang Niu. "Power Transmission Congestion Management Based on Quasi-Dynamic Thermal Rating." Processes 7, no. 5 (April 26, 2019): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7050244.
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Transmission congestion not only increases the operation risk, but also reduces the operation efficiency of power systems. Applying a quasi-dynamic thermal rating (QDR) to the transmission congestion alarm system can effectively alleviate transmission congestion. In this paper, according to the heat balance equation under the IEEE standard, a calculation method of QDR is proposed based on the threshold of meteorological parameters under 95% confidence level, which is determined by statistical analysis of seven-year meteorological data in Weihai, China. The QDR of transmission lines is calculated at different time scales. A transmission congestion management model based on QDR is established, and the transmission congestion alarm system including conductor temperature judgment is proposed. The case shows that transmission congestion management based on QDR is feasible, which improves the service life and operation flexibility of the power grid in emergencies and avoids power supply shortages caused by unnecessary trip protection.
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Ozmen, Ozgur, James Nutaro, Michael Starke, Jeffrey Munk, Larry Roberts, Xiao Kou, Piljae Im, et al. "Power Grid Simulation Testbed for Transactive Energy Management Systems." Sustainability 12, no. 11 (May 28, 2020): 4402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12114402.
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To effectively engage demand-side and distributed energy resources (DERs) for dynamically maintaining the electric power balance, the challenges of controlling and coordinating building equipment and DERs on a large scale must be overcome. Although several control techniques have been proposed in the literature, a significant obstacle to applying these techniques in practice is having access to an effective testing platform. Performing tests at scale using real equipment is impractical, so simulation offers the only viable route to developmental testing at scales of practical interest. Existing power-grid testbeds are unable to model individual residential end-use devices for developing detailed control formulations for responsive loads and DERs. Furthermore, they cannot simulate the control and communications at subminute timescales. To address these issues, this paper presents a novel power-grid simulation testbed for transactive energy management systems. Detailed models of primary home appliances (e.g., heating and cooling systems, water heaters, photovoltaic panels, energy storage systems) are provided to simulate realistic load behaviors in response to environmental parameters and control commands. The proposed testbed incorporates software as it will be deployed, and enables deployable software to interact with various building equipment models for end-to-end performance evaluation at scale.
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Kesharwani, Ankit, Venkatesh Mani, Jighyasu Gaur, Jighyasu Gaur, Samuel Fosso Wamba, and Sachin S. Kamble. "Service Quality Measurement in Information Systems." Journal of Global Information Management 29, no. 6 (November 2021): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jgim.20211101.oa30.
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Traditionally measurements of service quality have followed the expectation-disconfirmation approach. Further, previous studies have shown that negative disconfirmation is more influential than positive disconfirmation. In this research, we hypothesized information systems(IS) service quality scales based on the dimensionality of the expectation-disconfirmation (ED) and desire-disconfirmation (DD) approach. Using the SERVQUAL+ instrument and data collected from 321 IS users, we developed ED and DD based IS service quality scales using contemporary methods, such as LISREL-based CFA. We have proposed and empirically validated the following two new IS service quality constructs: Service Adequacy (difference of expected service and perceived service) and Service Superiority (difference of desired service and perceived service). Our results indicate that both measures have shown better predictive power than earlier scales like SERVQUAL+ and the IS ZOT scales. We have outlined several implications of ED and DD scales to practice and research.
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Agostini, Lara, Anna Nosella, and Mehari Beyene Teshome. "Towards the development of scales to measure patent management." World Patent Information 58 (September 2019): 101909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wpi.2019.101909.
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Edwards, Bill, Mark Goodwin, Simon Pemberton, and Michael Woods. "Partnerships, Power, and Scale in Rural Governance." Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy 19, no. 2 (April 2001): 289–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/c12m.
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Partnerships have become established as a significant vehicle for the implementation of rural development policy in Britain. In promoting new working relationships between different state agencies and between the public, private, and voluntary sectors, partnerships have arguably contributed to a reconfiguration of the scalar hierarchy of the state. In this paper we draw on recent debates about the ‘politics of scale’ and on empirical examples from Mid Wales and Shropshire to explore the scalar implications of partnerships. We investigate how discursive constructs of partnership are translated into practice, how official discourses are mediated by local actors, the relationship between partnerships and existing scales of governance, and the particular ‘geometry of power’ being constructed through partnerships. We argue that the existing scalar hierarchy of the state has been influential in structuring the scales and territories of partnerships, and that, despite an apparent devolution of the public face of governance, the state remains crucial in governing the process of governance through partnerships.
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Jain, Sanjay K., and Garima Gupta. "Measuring Service Quality: Servqual vs. Servperf Scales." Vikalpa: The Journal for Decision Makers 29, no. 2 (April 2004): 25–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0256090920040203.
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Quality has come to be recognized as a strategic tool for attaining operational efficiency and improved business performance. This is true for both the goods and services sectors. However, the problem with management of service quality in service firms is that quality is not easily identifiable and measurable due to inherent characteristics of services which make them different from goods. Various definitions of the term ‘service quality’ have been proposed in the past and, based on different definitions, different scales for measuring service quality have been put forward. SERVQUAL and SERVPERF constitute two major service quality measurement scales. The consensus, however, continues to elude till date as to which one is superior. An ideal service quality scale is one that is not only psychometrically sound but is also diagnostically robust enough to provide insights to the managers for corrective actions in the event of quality shortfalls. Empirical studies evaluating validity, reliability, and methodological soundness of service quality scales clearly point to the superiority of the SERVPERF scale. The diagnostic ability of the scales, however, has not been explicitly explicated and empirically verified in the past. The present study aims at filling this void in service quality literature. It assesses the diagnostic power of the two service quality scales. Validity and methodological soundness of these scales have also been probed in the Indian context — an aspect which has so far remained neglected due to preoccupation of the past studies with service industries in the developed world. Using data collected through a survey of consumers of fast food restaurants in Delhi, the study finds the SERVPERF scale to be providing a more convergent and discriminant-valid explanation of service quality construct. However, the scale is found deficient in its diagnostic power. It is the SERVQUAL scale which outperforms the SERVPERF scale by virtue of possessing higher diagnostic power to pinpoint areas for managerial interventions in the event of service quality shortfalls. The major managerial implications of the study are: Because of its psychometric soundness and greater instrument parsimoniousness, one should employ the SERVPERF scale for assessing overall service quality of a firm. The SERVPERF scale should also be the preferred research instrument when one is interested in undertaking service quality comparisons across service industries. On the other hand, when the research objective is to identify areas relating to service quality shortfalls for possible intervention by the managers, the SERVQUAL scale needs to be preferred because of its superior diagnostic power. However, one serious problem with the SERVQUAL scale is that it entails gigantic data collection task. Employing a lengthy questionnaire, one is required to collect data about consumers' expectations as well as perceptions of a firm's performance on each of the 22 service quality scale attributes. Addition of importance weights can further add to the diagnostic power of the SERVQUAL scale, but the choice needs to be weighed against the additional task of data collection. Collecting data on importance scores relating to each of the 22 service attributes is indeed a major deterrent. However, alternative, less tedious approaches, discussed towards the end of the paper, can be employed by the researchers to obviate the data collection task.
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van Ackooij, Wim, Debora Daniela Escobar, Martin Glanzer, and Georg Ch Pflug. "Correction to: Distributionally robust optimization with multiple time scales: valuation of a thermal power plant." Computational Management Science 17, no. 3 (December 10, 2019): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10287-019-00361-5.
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Nicholson, Mike D., and Simon Jennings. "Testing candidate indicators to support ecosystem-based management: the power of monitoring surveys to detect temporal trends in fish community metrics." ICES Journal of Marine Science 61, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icesjms.2003.09.004.
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Abstract Community metrics describe aspects of community structure and are often calculated from species-size-abundance data collected during fish stock monitoring surveys. Several community metrics have been proposed as indicators to support ecosystem-based fishery management. These metrics should be sensitive to fishing impacts and respond rapidly to management action, so that managers can assess whether changes in the fish community are a desirable or undesirable response to management. It should also be possible to estimate metrics with sufficient precision so that changes in the community can be detected on management time scales of a year to a few years. Here, we test the power of a large-scale annual trawl survey (North Sea International Bottom Trawl Survey, IBTS) to detect trends in six community metrics: mean length, mean weight, mean maximum length, mean maximum weight, slope of the biomass size spectrum, and mean trophic level. Our analyses show that the power of the trawl survey to detect trends is generally poor. While community metrics do provide good long-term indicators of changes in fish community structure, they are unlikely to provide an appropriate tool to support short-term management decisions. If fish community metrics are to provide effective support for ecosystem-based management, and management time scales cannot be extended, then the power of many surveys to detect trends in fish community structure will need to be improved by increased replication and standardization.
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Lindegaard, Lili Salloum. "A historical, scaled approach to climate change adaptation: the case of Vietnam." Journal of Political Ecology 27, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 105–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2458/v27i1.22049.
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This article sheds light on how scaled, historical dynamics inform the framing of climate change adaptation programs. It looks particularly at the influence of domestic versus global rationalities in adaptation programs through a novel joint governance and political ecology framework. It does this in the setting of water management in Vietnam. Based on a historical view, semi-structured interviews and document and policy reviews, I examine historical water management in Vietnam and current water management programs identified as climate change adaptation. By analyzing how historical, scaled political rationalities inform the framing of current adaptation programs, I find that program formulation reflects domestic(ated) rationalities rather than novel global adaptation agendas. This suggests that universalizing accounts of climate change adaptation overlook the significance of situated, historical factors in the formulation of adaptation programs. Furthermore, the article illustrates how political rationalities can be rescaled, gaining traction within new institutional scales and the programs enacted from them. Finally, the article underlines the inherent power implications of the struggle to determine whose rationalities prevail in program formulation.Keywords: Climate change adaptation, water management, scale, rescaling, political rationalities, Vietnam
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Ford, Michele, and Michael Gillan. "Power resources and supranational mechanisms: The global unions and the OECD Guidelines." European Journal of Industrial Relations 27, no. 3 (January 25, 2021): 307–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680120988238.
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This article uses the power resources approach to analyse the Global Union Federations’ (GUFs) use of the specific instances mechanism associated with the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises. While this mechanism has serious limitations, it has proved to be a useful tool when combined with public campaigns and the exercise of other power resources at multiple scales. This is so, we argue, because the fact that multi-national enterprises themselves operate across national boundaries creates an incentive to engage power resources at a supranational level, as well as within the countries where they, or their suppliers, are present. As this finding suggests, consideration of unions’ power resources benefits from deeper consideration of the multi-scalar and interrelated character of union action and of the role that intermediary coordinating organizations like GUFs play in supporting the exercise of power at the supranational level.
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Li, Nan, Caixia Tan, Hongyu Lin, Xue Ma, and Xiangcheng Zhang. "Three‐level interactive energy management strategy for optimal operation of multiple virtual power plants considering different time scales." International Journal of Energy Research 45, no. 1 (November 26, 2020): 1069–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/er.6162.
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Amedu, Samson, and Victor Dulewicz. "The relationship between CEO personal power, CEO competencies, and company performance." Journal of General Management 43, no. 4 (July 2018): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306307018762699.
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This article examines the impact of chief executive officer (CEO) power (formal and informal) on company performance and investigates the relationship between the CEO’s power and the company’s financial performance: share price performance, return on assets (ROA), and Tobin’s Q. The research employed both primary and secondary data. A questionnaire collected data from 391 professionals (respondents) in the market and comprised two scales, one adapted from existing research on personal competencies of directors and the second on CEO personal power dimension and demographics. Seven hypotheses were tested. Seven were supported for share price performance, four for ROA and three for Tobin’s Q. The CEO’s is a key role in general management, probably the most important. This is the only study found in the extant literature, which investigates the links between CEO power, competencies, and company performance. It identifies some of the most important characteristics of the effective CEO.
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Yu, Andrew, Nicholas A. Hays, and Emma Y. Zhao. "Development of a bipartite measure of social hierarchy: The perceived power and perceived status scales." Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes 152 (May 2019): 84–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.obhdp.2019.03.011.
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Silva, Maria Rita, Helena Cristina Roque, and António Caetano. "Culture in Angola: insights for human resources management." Cross Cultural Management 22, no. 2 (May 5, 2015): 166–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccm-02-2013-0036.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to describe the cultural values – how things should be – and the cultural practices – how things are – of Angolan society. The authors expected to find: a gap between practices and values; high levels of power distance, institutional and in-group collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, future and humane orientation; and low to medium levels of performance orientation, gender equality and assertiveness. Design/methodology/approach – In all, 235 employees in Angola responded to a questionnaire using GLOBE’s cultural scales. Findings – There is a gap between cultural practices and values. Within Angola, humane and performance orientations are the most valued cultural dimensions. Power distance and in-group collectivism are the most prevailing cultural practices. Compared to other countries, Angola has high levels of humane orientation, institutional collectivism and uncertainty avoidance values and high levels of assertiveness and performance orientation practices. Practical implications – Higher than desired levels of assertiveness and power distance, on the one hand, and lower than desired levels of humane orientation and uncertainty avoidance on the other, are key aspects that should be taken into account by HRM in this context. Originality/value – These results may have important implications for HRM in Angola. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first analysis of Angola’s culture from a business research perspective.
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Ziguras, S. J., G. W. Stuart, and A. C. Jackson. "Assessing the evidence on case management." British Journal of Psychiatry 181, no. 1 (July 2002): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.181.1.17.
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BackgroundEvidence on the impact of case management is contradictory.AimsTo discuss two different systematic reviews (one conducted by the authors and one conducted through the Cochrane collaboration) that came to contradictory conclusions about the impact of case management in mental health services.MethodWe summarised the findings of the two reviews with respect to case management effectiveness, examined key methodological differences between the two approaches and discuss the impact of these on the validity of the results.ResultsThe differences in conclusions between the two reviews result from the differences in inclusion criteria, namely non-randomised trials, data from unpublished scales and data from variables with skewed distributions. The theoretical and empirical effects of these are discussed.ConclusionsSystematic reviewers may face a trade-off between the application of strict criteria for the inclusion of studies and the amount of data available for analysis and hence statistical power. The available research suggests that case management is generally effective.
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Daniels, Kevin. "Measures of five aspects of affective well-being at work." Human Relations 53, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/a010564.
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Validation evidence is provided for scales that measure five aspects of affective well-being in relation to the work context: anxiety-comfort, depression-pleasure, bored-enthusiastic, tiredness-vigour and angry-placid. Confirmatory factor analysis is used to test four alternative structures for the items in the scales in two samples (n = 871, n = 1915). Analyses in both samples support one structure. The final scales have acceptable internal reliability. The unique explanatory power of each scale is suggested by partial correlations with theoretically related variables. Confirmatory factor analysis indicates that the five factor solution has a better fit with the data than other first order solutions with fewer factors. Second order factor analysis shows that two superordinate factors, corresponding to negative and positive affect, can account for the relationships amongst the five first order factors.
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Xu, Yan, Zhao Luo, Zhendong Zhu, Zhiyuan Zhang, Jinghui Qin, Hao Wang, Zeyong Gao, and Zhichao Yang. "A Three-Stage Coordinated Optimization Scheduling Strategy for a CCHP Microgrid Energy Management System." Processes 8, no. 2 (February 21, 2020): 245. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8020245.
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With renewable generation resources and multiple load demands increasing, the combined cooling, heating, and power (CCHP) microgrid energy management system has attracted much attention due to its high efficiency and low emissions. In order to realize the integration of substation resources and solve the problems of inaccurate, random, volatile and intermittent load forecasting, we propose a three-stage coordinated optimization scheduling strategy for a CCHP microgrid. The strategy contains three stages: a day-ahead economic scheduling stage, an intraday rolling optimization stage, and a real-time adjustment stage. Forecasting data with different accuracy at different time scales were used to carry out multilevel coordination and gradually improve the scheduling plan. A case study was used to verify that the proposed scheduling strategy can mitigate and eliminate the load forecasting error of renewable energy (for power balance and scheduling economy).
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Delgado-Serrano, María, and Roberto Escalante Semerena. "Gender and Cross-Scale Differences in the Perception of Social-Ecological Systems." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 22, 2018): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10092983.
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The sound management of Social-Ecological Systems (SESs) requires a deep knowledge of the system and its dynamics, but effective strategies also need to include the perceptions of the local actors. These perceptions are specific and might differ for different actors. In this research, we analyzed the gender and across scales differences in the perception of a SES and unveiled the potential reasons that shape the different actors’ understanding. Using structural analysis tools, we analyzed the perceptions of local women, local men, and external stakeholders on the most relevant variables shaping the actual and future sustainable management of a SES. The research was developed in Santiago Comaltepec, an Indigenous community located in the Sierra de Oaxaca (Mexico) that manage their forest under community-based strategies. The gender differences in perception showed the inequalities in agency, voice, and power between women and men. The comparison of the perceptions between community members and external stakeholders showed greater similarities, but still reflected power differences and differences in knowledge and cultural representations. We concluded that sound and resilient SES management need to recognize the gendered and across scales diversity in perception, knowledge, and practices and create bridges and synergies among knowledge systems to shape desirable trajectories.
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Spagnolo, Sofia, Gianpietro Chinellato, Silvio Cristiano, Amalia Zucaro, and Francesco Gonella. "Sustainability assessment of bioenergy at different scales: An emergy analysis of biogas power production." Journal of Cleaner Production 277 (December 2020): 124038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.124038.
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Li, Wenxiang, Ye Li, Haopeng Deng, and Lei Bao. "Planning of Electric Public Transport System under Battery Swap Mode." Sustainability 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2018): 2528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10072528.
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Applying battery electric buses (BEBs) in the city is a good means to reduce the increasing greenhouse gas emissions and crude oil dependence. Limited by the driving range and charging time, battery swap station seems to be the best option for battery electric buses to replenish energy currently. This paper presents a novel method to plan and design an electric public transport system under battery swap mode, which comprised of battery electric buses, routes, scheduling, battery swap station, etc. Thus, new routing and scheduling strategies are proposed for the battery electric bus fleets. Based on swapping and charging demand analysis, this paper establishes an algorithm to calculate the optimal scales of battery swap station, including scales of battery swapping system, battery charging system and battery packs, and power capacity of output. Regarding the case of Xuejiadao battery swap station serving 6 BEB routes in Qingdao, China, a numerical simulation program is established to evaluate the validity of our methods. The results reflect that our methods can optimize the system scales meeting an equivalent state of operation demand. In addition, sensitivity analyses are made to the scales under different values of battery capacity and charging current. It suggests that the scales and cost of battery swap station can be effectively reduced with the development of power battery manufacture and charging technology in future.
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Dietrich, Jörg. "Scaling issues in multi-criteria evaluation of combinations of measures for integrated river basin management." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 373 (May 12, 2016): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-373-19-2016.
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Abstract. In integrated river basin management, measures for reaching the environmental objectives can be evaluated at different scales, and according to multiple criteria of different nature (e.g. ecological, economic, social). Decision makers, including responsible authorities and stakeholders, follow different interests regarding criteria and scales. With a bottom up approach, the multi criteria assessment could produce a different outcome than with a top down approach. The first assigns more power to the local community, which is a common principle of IWRM. On the other hand, the development of an overall catchment strategy could potentially make use of synergetic effects of the measures, which fulfils the cost efficiency requirement at the basin scale but compromises local interests. Within a joint research project for the 5500 km2 Werra river basin in central Germany, measures have been planned to reach environmental objectives of the European Water Framework directive (WFD) regarding ecological continuity and nutrient loads. The main criteria for the evaluation of the measures were costs of implementation, reduction of nutrients, ecological benefit and social acceptance. The multi-criteria evaluation of the catchment strategies showed compensation between positive and negative performance of criteria within the catchment, which in the end reduced the discriminative power of the different strategies. Furthermore, benefit criteria are partially computed for the whole basin only. Both ecological continuity and nutrient load show upstream-downstream effects in opposite direction. The principles of "polluter pays" and "overall cost efficiency" can be followed for the reduction of nutrient losses when financial compensations between upstream and downstream users are made, similar to concepts of emission trading.
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Baumgardt, Jeremy A., Michael L. Morrison, Leonard A. Brennan, and Tyler A. Campbell. "Developing Rigorous Monitoring Programs: Power and Sample Size Evaluations of a Robust Method for Monitoring Bird Assemblages." Journal of Fish and Wildlife Management 10, no. 2 (December 2019): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3996/042019-jfwm-027.
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Wildlife population monitoring programs are useful for identifying ecological impacts such as those from local management actions and broader scale influences such as climate change. Increasing the number of species monitored improves robustness of the program towards meeting monitoring objectives. In addition, monitoring at multiple spatial scales should increase the sensitivity of the monitoring program. We developed a monitoring program using unbiased estimates of occupancy at both local and regional scales, and unbiased estimates of density for multiple species of birds with a single protocol. We used transects for sampling ∼1,000-ha pastures that consisted of twelve 200-m radius sampling points. We conducted 10-min point counts and recorded distance to each observation using two independent observers, and resampled each of 30 transects over two study sites in South Texas, for a total of four visits in each of 2015 and 2016. We estimated occupancy at two scales using the multiscale model in Program MARK and estimated density using the Distance package in R. We predicted that it would be possible to detect a 50% decline over 25 y with a power of 0.90 in regional occupancy, local occupancy, and density for 36, 37, and 30 species, respectively, on our larger study site, and for 29, 33, and 12 species, respectively, on our smaller study site using two independent observers and four visits. Our work shows it is possible to monitor numerous species within a complex bird assemblage with a simple field protocol. For those interested in implementing a long-term monitoring program that is sensitive to a wide range of potential stressors at local and regional scales, we suggest considering multiscale occupancy and density monitoring for multiple species of birds.
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Chandel, R., S. Sarkar, and R. P. Agarwal. "Delay and Power Management of Voltage-Scaled Repeater Driven Long Interconnects." International Journal of Modelling and Simulation 27, no. 4 (January 2007): 333–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02286203.2007.11442434.
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Yoshida, Makoto, and Kazumine Kojima. "High Performance Computing Design by Code Migration for Distributed Desktop Computing Grids." International Journal of Grid and High Performance Computing 3, no. 4 (October 2011): 53–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jghpc.2011100105.
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Large scale loosely coupled PCs can organize clusters and form desktop computing grids on sharing each processing power; power of PCs, transaction distributions, network scales, network delays, and code migration algorithms characterize the performance of the computing grids. This article describes the design methodologies of workload management in distributed desktop computing grids. Based on the code migration experiments, transfer policy for computation was determined and several simulations for location policies were examined, and the design methodologies for distributed desktop computing grids are derived from the simulation results. The language for distributed desktop computing is designed to accomplish the design methodologies.
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Vercruysse, Kim, Robert C. Grabowski, Tim Hess, and Irantzu Lexartza-Artza. "Linking temporal scales of suspended sediment transport in rivers: towards improving transferability of prediction." Journal of Soils and Sediments 20, no. 12 (May 29, 2020): 4144–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11368-020-02673-5.
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Abstract Purpose Suspended sediment (SS) transport in rivers is highly variable, making it challenging to develop predictive models that are applicable across timescales and rivers. Previous studies have identified catchment and hydro-meteorological variables controlling SS concentrations. However, due to the lack of long-term, high-frequency SS monitoring, it remains difficult to link SS transport dynamics during high-flow events with annual or decadal trends in SS transport. This study investigated how processes driving SS transport during high-flow events impact SS transport dynamics and trends observed over longer timescales. Methods Suspended sediment samples from the River Aire (UK) (1989–2017) were used to (i) statistically identify factors driving SS transport over multiple timescales (high-flow events, intra- and inter-annual) and (ii) conceptualize SS transport as a fractal system to help link and interpret the effect of short-term events on long-term SS transport dynamics. Results and discussion Antecedent moisture conditions were a dominant factor controlling event-based SS transport, confirming results from previous studies. Findings also showed that extreme high-flow events (in SS concentration or discharge) mask factors controlling long-term trends. This cross-timescale effect was conceptualized as high fractal power, indicating that quantifying SS transport in the River Aire requires a multi-timescale approach. Conclusion Characterizing the fractal power of a SS transport system presents a starting point in developing transferrable process-based approaches to quantify and predict SS transport, and develop management strategies. A classification system for SS transport dynamics in river systems in terms of fractal power could be developed which expresses the dominant processes underlying SS transport.
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Maliszewski, Norbert, Anna O. Kuźmińska, Grażyna Wieczorkowska-Wierzbińska, and Anna Werner-Maliszewska. "The impact of explicit and implicit power motivation on educational choices." Polish Psychological Bulletin 45, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 275–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2014-0034.
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Abstract The aim of three studies was to examine the differences between business majors and non-business majors, in their level of implicit (measured by an Implicit Association Test [IAT], Greenwald, McGhee, & Schwarz, 1998) and explicit power motivation (measured by Power Motivation and Helping Power Motivation scales, Frieze & Boneva, 2001).It was predicted that there are no differences between these two groups in the general (implicit) level of power motivation, but that differences exist in the way it is explicitly expressed: through desire for leadership and prominence vs. desire for helping. Results of Study 1 indicated that business majors (management, N=79) declared a higher leadership motive and a lower helping motive than non-business majors (history, psychology, linguistics, N=62).Study 2 addressed question whether the above differences in power motivation stem from socialization at the university level or from pre-selection. The relationship between high school students’ (N=134) academic major preferences and their power motivation was tested. It was found that the more they were business-oriented, the higher their scores were on leadership, and lower on helping scales. In Study 3, business majors (economics, N=75) and non-business majors (psychology, N=82) completed the same questionnaire as participants in previous studies, as well as performed the IAT. Non-business majors declared stronger explicit helping motive, while business majors expressed stronger prominence and leadership motives. Furthermore, for non-business majors, IAT results could be predicted by their helping score. Implications and possible limitations of the presented results are discussed.
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Park, Se-Rin, and Sang-Woo Lee. "Spatially Varying and Scale-Dependent Relationships of Land Use Types with Stream Water Quality." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 5 (March 4, 2020): 1673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17051673.
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Understanding the complex relationships between land use and stream water quality is critical for water pollution control and watershed management. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between land use types and water quality indicators at multiple spatial scales, namely, the watershed and riparian scales, using the ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models. GWR extended traditional regression models, such as OLS to address the spatial variations among variables. Our results indicated that the water quality indicators were significantly affected by agricultural and forested areas at both scales. We found that extensive agricultural land use had negative effects on water quality indicators, whereas, forested areas had positive effects on these indicators. The results also indicated that the watershed scale is effective for management and regulation of watershed land use, as the predictive power of the models is much greater at the watershed scale. The maps of estimated local parameters and local R2 in GWR models showcased the spatially varying relationships and indicated that the effects of land use on water quality varied over space. The results of this study reinforced the importance of watershed management in the planning, restoration, and management of stream water quality. It is also suggested that planners and managers may need to adopt different strategies, considering watershed characteristics—such as topographic features and meteorological conditions—and the source of pollutants, in managing stream water quality.
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Filios, Gabriel, Ioannis Katsidimas, Sotiris Nikoletseas, and Ioannis Tsenempis. "A Smart Energy Harvesting Platform for Wireless Sensor Network Applications." Information 10, no. 11 (November 6, 2019): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/info10110345.
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Advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) as well as the solutions for power scavenging can now provide feasible alternatives in a variety of applications. Wireless sensor networks (WSN), which operate on rechargeable batteries, could be based on a fresh basis which aims both at environmental power collection and wireless charging in various shapes and scales. Consequently, a potential illimitable energy supply can override the hypothesis of the limited energy budget (which can also impact the system’s efficiency). The presented platform is able to efficiently power a low power IoT system with processing, sensing and wireless transmission potentials. It incorporates a cutting-edge energy management IC that enables exceptional energy harvesting, applicable on low power and downsized energy generators. In contrast to other schemes, it supports not only a range of power supply alternatives, but also a compound energy depository system. The objective of this paper is to describe the design of the system, the integrated intelligence and the power autonomy performance.
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Tripathi, Nachiketa, and Manaswita Bharadwaja. "Psychological empowerment and stress: role of personality and power distance." Journal of Indian Business Research 11, no. 3 (August 19, 2019): 281–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jibr-06-2018-0163.
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Purpose The negative links between psychological empowerment (PE) and perceived stress may be arguable when evaluated in Indian work settings characterized by socio-cultural values like dependence proneness and high power distance. To explore this possibility, the present study aimed to examine the links between PE at work and perceived stress in the Indian milieu. Potential moderating effects of gender, personality (generalized self-efficacy and Big-5 traits) and power distance on this relationship were also investigated. Design/methodology/approach An experiment with 2 (high PE/low PE) × 2 (male/female) between-subjects design was used on 120 employees from four commercialized banks. PE was manipulated by presenting a work scenario to each participant, where employees experience either high or low PE. Relevant scales were used to measure perceived stress, personality and power distance. Findings PE has a significant negative relationship with perceived stress, thus validating the effectiveness of PE in Indian work settings. Emotional stability and agreeableness are established as significant moderators which enhanced the negative links between PE and perceived stress. Originality/value The current research has uniquely contributed to the limited literature regarding the role of personality in empowerment and its outcomes. Furthermore, it has captured the theoretical and practical underpinnings of the PE-perceived stress link in Indian work-context.
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Eutsler, Jared, and Bradley Lang. "Rating Scales in Accounting Research: The Impact of Scale Points and Labels." Behavioral Research in Accounting 27, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 35–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/bria-51219.
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ABSTRACT Rating scales are one of the most widely used tools in behavioral research. Decisions regarding scale design can have a potentially profound effect on research findings. Despite this importance, an analysis of extant literature in top accounting journals reveals a wide variety of rating scale compositions. The purpose of this paper is to experimentally investigate the impact of scale characteristics on participants' responses. Two experiments are conducted that manipulate the number of scale points and the corresponding labels to study their influence on the statistical properties of the resultant data. Results suggest that scale design impacts the statistical characteristics of response data and emphasize the importance of labeling all scale points. A scale with all points labeled effectively minimizes response bias, maximizes variance, maximizes power, and minimizes error. This analysis also suggests variance may be maximized when the scale length is set at 7 points. Although researchers commonly believe using additional scale points will maximize variance, results indicate increasing scale points beyond 7 does not increase variance. Taken together, a fully labeled 7-point scale may provide the greatest benefits to researchers. The importance of scale labels provides a significant contribution to accounting research as only 5 percent of the accounting studies reviewed have reported scales with all points labeled.
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Bolognesi, C. M., S. Teruggi, and F. Fiorillo. "HOLOGRAPHIC VISUALIZATION AND MANAGEMENT OF BIG POINT CLOUD." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVI-M-1-2021 (August 28, 2021): 71–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlvi-m-1-2021-71-2021.
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Abstract. The work aims to present and validate the workflow from the 3D survey to the visualization of cultural heritage objects using the innovative Euclideon Hologram Table©. Three case studies surveyed with three different systems and at three different scales have been selected: Santa Maria delle Grazie in Milan (terrestrial laser scanner for an architecturalscale), the village of Ghesc in the Ossola valley (UAV survey for an environmental scale) and the cuneiform clay tablet number 727 (structured light system for a detailscale). The whole process of transforming the 3D point/mesh model to hologram was verified, analysing the file formats, technical performance and specifications, file dimensions manageable, and details viewable. The first test shows great potentiality, becausethe hologram exploring is impressively fluid even when zooming to view a higher detail level, despite the high number of points/polygons. The power and performance of the point cloud 3D rendering engine result impressive. Nonetheless,different aspects need further research, from point cloud visualization quality to enhancing 3D model interaction.
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Campos-Delgado, Daniel U., Jose Martin Luna-Rivera, C. J. Martinez-Sánchez, Carlos A. Gutierrez, and J. L. Tecpanecatl-Xihuitl. "Network Efficient Power Control for Wireless Communication Systems." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/650653.
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We introduce a two-loop power control that allows an efficient use of the overall power resources for commercial wireless networks based on cross-layer optimization. This approach maximizes the network’s utility in the outer-loop as a function of the averaged signal to interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) by considering adaptively the changes in the network characteristics. For this purpose, the concavity property of the utility function was verified with respect to the SINR, and an iterative search was proposed with guaranteed convergence. In addition, the outer-loop is in charge of selecting the detector that minimizes the overall power consumption (transmission and detection). Next the inner-loop implements a feedback power control in order to achieve the optimal SINR in the transmissions despite channel variations and roundtrip delays. In our proposal, the utility maximization process and detector selection and feedback power control are decoupled problems, and as a result, these strategies are implemented at two different time scales in the two-loop framework. Simulation results show that substantial utility gains may be achieved by improving the power management in the wireless network.
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Schneider, F., T. Buser, and O. Graefe. "Scales of justice in water governance: hydropower controversies in Switzerland." Water Policy 16, S2 (November 1, 2014): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2014.405.
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One significant challenge for the operationalization of water justice arises from the many dynamic scales involved. In this paper we explore the scalar dimension of justice in water governance through the insights derived from empirical research on hydropower production in the Swiss Alps and the application of the geographical concept of politics of scale. More specifically, we investigate how different actors frame the justice problem, the scales that they invoke and which actors consequently get included or excluded in their justice assessments. This study shows that there is no ideal scale for justice evaluations; whichever scale is used, some actors and justice claims are included whereas others are excluded. This is particularly true when using Fraser's trivalent concept of justice, taking into account issues of distribution, recognition and participation where each calls for its own set of scales. Moreover, focusing on the politics of scale framing, our study reveals that the justice claim itself can become a power element. Consequently, to achieve more just water governance, there is not only a need for debate and negotiations about the conceptions and meanings of justice in a specific context, there is also a need for debate about the relevance and implications of divergent scales involved in justice claims.
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Stephenson, Robert L., Gary D. Melvin, and Michael J. Power. "Population integrity and connectivity in Northwest Atlantic herring: a review of assumptions and evidence." ICES Journal of Marine Science 66, no. 8 (July 9, 2009): 1733–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp189.
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Abstract Stephenson, R. L., Melvin, G. D., and Power, M. J. 2009. Population integrity and connectivity in Northwest Atlantic herring: a review of assumptions and evidence. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 66: 1733–1739. The issue of herring population structure has been debated for more than a century. Population integrity and connectivity have become an increasingly important problem for both resource evaluation (e.g. concern for the use of appropriate modelling approaches) and management (e.g. increasing attention to the preservation of within-species diversity and the complexity of mixed-stock fisheries). In recent decades, there has been considerable advancement in the scientific information related to herring population structure, but papers continue to demonstrate a spectrum of conclusions related to population integrity and connectivity at various scales. We review herring stock structure in the western Atlantic, specifically addressing the assumptions currently being used in management and the validity of scientific evidence on which these assumptions are based. Herring of the western Atlantic exhibit considerable population discreteness and limited connectivity on the temporal and spatial scales that are of relevance to management. Maintaining the resulting population complexity is a challenge, particularly because preservation of within-species diversity is an important element of an ecosystem approach to management.
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Trabucco, Antonio, Janez Sušnik, Lydia Vamvakeridou-Lyroudia, Barry Evans, Sara Masia, Maria Blanco, Roberto Roson, et al. "Water-Food-Energy Nexus under Climate Change in Sardinia." Proceedings 2, no. 11 (August 9, 2018): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2110609.
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Land, food, energy, water and climate are linked and interconnected into a Nexus, characterized by complexity and feedbacks. An integrated management of the Nexus is critical to understand conflicts/synergies and secure efficient and sustainable use of resources, especially under climate change. The Nexus perspective is applied to Sardinia, as regional case study, to better understand and improve integrated resource management and relevant policy initiatives. Vulnerability of Sardinia Nexus is assessed under several climate projections by articulated balances of resources (water, energy) availability and sustainable development goals, at regional and sub-regional scales, accounting for demands and conflicts among key economic sectors (agriculture, hydro-power, tourism).
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Ran, Yaxuan, Qiaowei Liu, Qi Cheng, and Yishi Zhang. "Implicit-explicit power motives congruence and forgiveness in the workplace conflict: the mediating role of empathy." International Journal of Conflict Management 32, no. 3 (January 29, 2021): 445–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-06-2020-0116.
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Purpose In the workplace, forgiveness can increase positive interactions between the victim and offender in the aftermath of a conflict. As an important intrapersonal factor in an organization, a victim’s power motives may shape one’s forgiveness. However, previous research shows inconsistent results because it only considers explicit power motives while ignoring the possible contingent role of implicit power motives in influencing forgiveness. This paper aims to consider both implicit and explicit power motives and aims to examine their joint effect on interpersonal forgiveness in the workplace conflict. Design/methodology/approach Polynomial regressions with response surface analysis were conducted with 415 Amazon Mechanical Turk users. Implicit power motives were measured by using a modified picture story exercise technique, whereas explicit power motives were measured via self-response scales. Findings First, congruence in power motives was associated with higher empathy and forgiveness than incongruence. In addition, high-implicit/high explicit power motives led to higher level of empathy and forgiveness than low-implicit/low-explicit power motives. Furthermore, directional power motive incongruence had an additive effect on forgiveness, such that discrepantly low-implicit/high-explicit power motives were more detrimental to empathy and forgiveness than discrepantly high-implicit/low-explicit power motives. Finally, empathy underlies the combined effect of implicit and explicit power motives on forgiveness. Practical implications The findings suggest that in a workplace conflict, managers should consider an employee’s explicit and implicit motives. To build the harmony group work climate, managers can improve intrapersonal implicit–explicit power motive congruence by providing developmental support and training focusing on self-enhancement and self-affirmation with the low-explicit-powerful employees. Further, to promote forgiveness in a conflict, organizations can use empathy-based exercise and provide team building activities to increase employees’ empathy and perspective-taking toward others. Originality/value By integrating implicit–explicit framework, this paper conciliates previous studies investigating the relationship between power and forgiveness by proposing that the two types of power motives, implicit and explicit power motives, jointly influences a victim’s forgiving tendency. This study serves as a meaningful touchstone for future research to consider both implicit and explicit power motives into the organizational conflict framework.
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Lin, Chun-Wei R., Yuh-Jiuan Melody Parng, and Yu-Lin Chen. "Profit optimization of sustainable low-to-medium temperature waste heat recovering management." Industrial Management & Data Systems 118, no. 2 (March 12, 2018): 330–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imds-04-2017-0148.
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Purpose Responding to natural resource depletion and carbon dioxide (CO2) emission problems, and also the stricter government’s energy regulations, the purpose of this paper is to develop a sustainable waste heat recovery optimal-profit-oriented management model especially targeting on the easily forgotten low- and medium-temperature waste heat in the industry. In the paper, a system is constructed to facilitate converting the low- and medium-grade waste heat in factories into electricity, and yields optimal profit. Design/methodology/approach This paper integrates an efficient Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) system from both sustainable energy reservation and cost effectiveness approaches with an optimization model that adopts particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm to determine proper installation locations and feasible generator sets. The system is constructed to facilitate converting the low- and medium-grade waste heat in factories into electricity, and yields optimal profit. The model considers the environmental factors: temperature, heat amount, equipment configuration of the number of ORC sets, and detailed investment cost constraints. Findings The results show that annual investment return rate, annual increase in electricity, power generation efficiency, and annual CO2 emission reduction are all highly improved, and investment recovery period is shortened. Also, the larger scale of the waste heat emission, the better the performance is achieved. Finally, the study also completes a sensitivity test under dynamic conditions of electricity price, generator sales price and factory budget constraints, and the results are consistently robust. More valuably, this paper demonstrates applications on two different manufacturing industries with various waste heat emission scales to prove the accountability. Originality/value The main contributions are in three aspects. First, it proves that applying PSO to a nonlinear mathematical model can help determine the optimal number and style configuration of generators for waste heat sources. Second, different from the prior research works focusing on power generation, this paper also deliberates the cost factors, cost of generators, costs of numerous peripheral components and future maintenance costs to ensure the factories not conflict with the financial limitations. Third, it is not only successfully applied in two industries with different scales, but also robust with various economic tests, electricity price change, generator sales price change, and investment budget adjustments.
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Millick, Sujata S. "Design Considerations for Oceanographic Research Vessels." Marine Technology Society Journal 35, no. 3 (September 1, 2001): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4031/002533201788057937.
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As the oceanographic research vessel community prepares for updating its fleet of research vessels, they must consider vessel designs that improve the capability of the fleet to support science in the near and long-term. Advances in informational technologies have changed the "instruments" of science and resulted in the ability to study ocean processes in smaller time and space scales than before. While, networked structures on the ocean floor, remote sensing, and autonomous vehicles will allow oceanographers to synoptically measure the environment, ships will remain the "host-platforms" for such research. However, deployment and recovery of such systems, requires that future designs incorporate capabilities for increased speed, seakeeping, acoustic quietness, efficient power management systems, and lifecycle considerations. Consideration of such issues in the design phases will allow for the development of a technologically advanced ship that can serve the research community in the near and long-term.A major aspect of oceanography through the decades has been the availability of research vessels for science. However, the access to and the capability of such vessels under the University-National Oceanographic Laboratory System (UNOLS) must not be taken for granted. Changes in the oceanographer's ability to make measurements at smaller and smaller sampling scales are brought on by advents in computational and information technologies. These changes necessitate that the researcher's "host-platform" evolves to handle these new observing systems. This evolution can include, but is not limited to speed, seakeeping, efficient ship power arrangements, and acoustic quietness. While each subject can be the focus of detailed individual papers, this article presents a general discussion on four elements of oceanographic research vessel design—hull concepts, power systems, acoustics, and life cycle management.
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Astrachan, Joseph H., Sabine B. Klein, and Kosmas X. Smyrnios. "The F-PEC Scale of Family Influence: A Proposal for Solving the Family Business Definition Problem1." Family Business Review 15, no. 1 (March 2002): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.2002.00045.x.
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This article proposes an alternative method for assessing the extent of family influence on any enterprise, enabling the measurement of the impact of family on outcomes such as success, failure, strategy, and operations. This proposed method, utilizing a standardized and valid instrument— the F-PEC—enables the assessment of family influence on a continuous scale rather than restrict its use as a categorical (e.g., yesqno) variable. The F-PEC comprises three subscales: power, experience, and culture. This article discusses these scales in detail.
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Elommal, Najoua, Riadh Manita, and Damien Chaney. "Measuring exchange norms and its impact on satisfaction in a B2C context." International Journal of Market Research 61, no. 3 (March 1, 2018): 302–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470785318760202.
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This research investigates the relevance of exchange norms in a business-to-consumer context and studies the impact of both relational and discrete norms on customer satisfaction in services. As existing scales focus only on relational norms and are mostly limited to business-to-business contexts, Study 1 ( n = 164) proposes measurement scales for seven exchanges norms adapted to a business-to-consumer context: Reciprocity, The Linking norms, Creation and restraint of power, Role integrity, Solidarity, Flexibility, and Effectuation of consent. Study 2 ( n = 295) tests the influence on these norms on customer satisfaction. The article demonstrates that exchange norms as a whole positively affect customer satisfaction and, more specifically, that relational norms explain satisfaction better than discrete norms. The findings also show that, contrary to customer relationship proneness, relationship duration moderates the link between exchange norms and customer satisfaction.
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Groen, Derek, Jaroslaw Knap, Philipp Neumann, Diana Suleimenova, Lourens Veen, and Kenneth Leiter. "Mastering the scales: a survey on the benefits of multiscale computing software." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 377, no. 2142 (February 18, 2019): 20180147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2018.0147.
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In the last few decades, multiscale modelling has emerged as one of the dominant modelling paradigms in many areas of science and engineering. Its rise to dominance is primarily driven by advancements in computing power and the need to model systems of increasing complexity. The multiscale modelling paradigm is now accompanied by a vibrant ecosystem of multiscale computing software (MCS) which promises to address many challenges in the development of multiscale applications. In this paper, we define the common steps in the multiscale application development process and investigate to what degree a set of 21 representative MCS tools enhance each development step. We observe several gaps in the features provided by MCS tools, especially for application deployment and the preparation and management of production runs. In addition, we find that many MCS tools are tailored to a particular multiscale computing pattern, even though they are otherwise application agnostic. We conclude that the gaps we identify are characteristic of a field that is still maturing and features that enhance the deployment and production steps of multiscale application development are desirable for the long-term success of MCS in its application fields. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Multiscale modelling, simulation and computing: from the desktop to the exascale’.