Journal articles: 'SCaMPR'

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Wu, Theodore T., and J. David Castle. "Tyrosine Phosphorylation of Selected Secretory Carrier Membrane Proteins, SCAMP1 and SCAMP3, and Association with the EGF Receptor." Molecular Biology of the Cell 9, no. 7 (July 1998): 1661–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.9.7.1661.

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Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are ubiquitously expressed proteins of post-Golgi vesicles. In the presence of the tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor vanadate, or after overexpression in Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, SCAMP1 and SCAMP3 are phosphorylated selectively on tyrosine residue(s). Phosphorylation is reversible after vanadate washout in situ or when isolated SCAMP3 is incubated with the recombinant tyrosine phosphatase PTP1B. Vanadate also causes the partial accumulation of SCAMP3, but not SCAMP1, in “patches” at or near the cell surface. A search for SCAMP kinase activities has shown that SCAMPs 1 and 3, but not SCAMP2, are tyrosine phosphorylated in EGF-stimulated murine fibroblasts overexpressing the EGF receptor (EGFR). EGF catalyzes the progressive phosphorylation of the SCAMPs up to 1 h poststimulation and may enhance colocalization of the EGFR and SCAMP3 within the cell interior. EGF also induces SCAMP–EGFR association, as detected by coimmunoprecipitation, and phosphorylation of SCAMP3 is stimulated by the EGFR in vitro. These results suggest that phosphorylation of SCAMPs, either directly or indirectly, may be functionally linked to the internalization/down-regulation of the EGFR.

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Zhang, Yu, Dong-Jun Seo, David Kitzmiller, Haksu Lee, Robert J. Kuligowski, Dongsoo Kim, and Chandra R. Kondragunta. "Comparative Strengths of SCaMPR Satellite QPEs with and without TRMM Ingest versus Gridded Gauge-Only Analyses." Journal of Hydrometeorology 14, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 153–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-053.1.

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Abstract This paper assesses the accuracy of satellite quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from two versions of the Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) algorithm relative to that of gridded gauge-only QPEs. The second version of SCaMPR uses the QPEs from Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Precipitation Radar and Microwave Imager as predictands whereas the first version does not. The assessments were conducted for 22 catchments in Texas and Louisiana against National Weather Service operational multisensor QPE. Particular attention was given to the density below which SCaMPR QPEs outperform gauge-only QPEs and effects of TRMM ingest. Analyses indicate that SCaMPR QPEs can be competitive in terms of correlation and CSI against sparse gauge networks (with less than one gauge per 3200–12 000 km2) and over 1–3-h scale, but their relative strengths diminish with temporal aggregation. In addition, the major advantage of SCaMPR QPEs is its relatively low false alarm rates, whereas gauge-only QPEs exhibit better skill in detecting rainfall—though the detection skill of SCaMPR QPEs tends to improve at higher rainfall thresholds. Moreover, it was found that ingesting TRMM QPEs help mitigate the positive overall bias in SCaMPR QPEs, and improve the detection of moderate–heavy and particularly wintertime precipitation. Yet, it also tends to elevate the false alarm rate, and its impacts on detection rates can be slightly negative for summertime storms. The implications for adoption of TRMM and Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) QPEs for NWS operations are discussed.

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Lee, Haksu, Yu Zhang, Dong-Jun Seo, Robert J. Kuligowski, David Kitzmiller, and Robert Corby. "Utility of SCaMPR Satellite versus Ground-Based Quantitative Precipitation Estimates in Operational Flood Forecasting: The Effects of TRMM Data Ingest." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 3 (June 1, 2014): 1051–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-12-0151.1.

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Abstract This study examines the utility of satellite-based quantitative precipitation estimates (QPEs) from the Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) algorithm for hydrologic prediction. In this work, two sets of SCaMPR QPEs, one without and the other with Tropical Rainfall Measurement Mission (TRMM) version 6 data integrated, were used as input forcing to the lumped National Weather Service hydrologic model to retrospectively generate flow simulations for 10 Texas catchments over 2000–07. The year 2000 was used for the model spinup, 2001–04 for calibration, and 2005–07 for validation. The results were validated using observed streamflow alongside similar simulations obtained using interpolated gauge QPEs with varying gauge network densities, and still others using the operational radar–gauge multisensor product (MAPX). The focus of the evaluation was on the high-flow events. A number of factors that could impact the relative utility of SCaMPR satellite QPE and gauge-only analysis (GMOSAIC) for flood prediction were examined, namely, 1) the incremental impacts of TRMM version 6 data ingest, 2) gauge density, 3) effects of calibration approaches, and 4) basin properties. Results indicate that ground-sensor-based QPEs in a broad sense outperform SCaMPR QPEs, while SCaMPR QPEs are competitive in a minority of catchments. TRMM ingest helped substantially improve the SCaMPR QPE–based simulation results. Change in calibration forcing, that is, calibrating the model using individual QPEs rather than the MAPX (the most accurate QPE), yielded overall improvements to the simulation accuracy but did not change the relative performance of the QPEs.

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Singleton, D. R., T. T. Wu, and J. D. Castle. "Three mammalian SCAMPs (secretory carrier membrane proteins) are highly related products of distinct genes having similar subcellular distributions." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 17 (September 1, 1997): 2099–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.17.2099.

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The primary structures of three human forms of secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) have been deduced from full-length clones isolated from a HeLa cell cDNA library and confirmed by a combination of comparison to expressed sequence tags, microsequencing of purified protein, and in vitro transcription and translation. The structures indicated that SCAMPs are highly related products of distinct genes, and that the sequence identity of an individual SCAMP between different mammalian species is almost complete. Analysis of the distribution of SCAMPs among different mammalian tissues and cells indicates parallel expression of polypeptides and cognate mRNAs, and indicates that the three SCAMPs are usually but not always expressed together. The apparent M(r)s of two SCAMPs (1 and 2) do not vary appreciably among species, while that of the third (SCAMP3) is approximately 2 kDa larger in rodent cells than in humans. Examination of the codistribution of the three forms within individual cells using double label immunofluorescence indicates extensive colocalization of SCAMP2 and SCAMP3 with endogenous SCAMP1, however, subcellular regions enriched for a particular SCAMP are readily visible. These findings suggest that the SCAMPs may largely function at the same sites during vesicular transport rather than in separate post-Golgi recycling pathways.

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Stenz, Ronald, Xiquan Dong, Baike Xi, and Robert J. Kuligowski. "Assessment of SCaMPR and NEXRAD Q2 Precipitation Estimates Using Oklahoma Mesonet Observations." Journal of Hydrometeorology 15, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 2484–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-13-0199.1.

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Abstract Although satellite precipitation estimates provide valuable information for weather and flood forecasts, infrared (IR) brightness temperature (BT)-based algorithms often produce large errors for precipitation detection and estimation during deep convective systems (DCSs). As DCSs produce greatly varying precipitation rates below similar IR BT retrievals, using IR BTs alone to estimate precipitation in DCSs is problematic. Classifying a DCS into convective-core (CC), stratiform (SR), and anvil cloud (AC) regions allows an evaluation of estimated precipitation distributions among DCS components to supplement typical quantitative precipitation estimate (QPE) evaluations and to diagnose these IR-based algorithm biases. This paper assesses the performance of the National Mosaic and Multi-Sensor Next Generation Quantitative Precipitation Estimation System (NMQ Q2), and a simplified version of the Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) algorithm, over the state of Oklahoma using Oklahoma Mesonet observations. While average annual Q2 precipitation estimates were about 35% higher than Mesonet observations, strong correlations exist between these two datasets for multiple temporal and spatial scales. Additionally, the Q2-estimated precipitation distribution among DCS components strongly resembled the Mesonet-observed distribution, indicating Q2 can accurately capture the precipitation characteristics of DCSs despite its wet bias. SCaMPR retrievals were typically 3–4 times higher than Mesonet observations, with relatively weak correlations during 2012. Overestimates from SCaMPR retrievals were primarily caused by precipitation retrievals from the anvil regions of DCSs when collocated Mesonet stations recorded no precipitation. A modified SCaMPR retrieval algorithm, employing both cloud optical depth and IR temperature, has the potential to make significant improvements to reduce the wet bias of SCaMPR retrievals over anvil regions of a DCS.

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Upadhyaya, Shruti A., Pierre-Emmanuel Kirstetter, Jonathan J. Gourley, and Robert J. Kuligowski. "On the Propagation of Satellite Precipitation Estimation Errors: From Passive Microwave to Infrared Estimates." Journal of Hydrometeorology 21, no. 6 (June 2020): 1367–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0293.1.

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ABSTRACTThe launch of NOAA’s latest generation of geostationary satellites known as the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-R Series has opened new opportunities in quantifying precipitation rates. Recent efforts have strived to utilize these data to improve space-based precipitation retrievals. The overall objective of the present work is to carry out a detailed error budget analysis of the improved Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) algorithm for GOES-R and the passive microwave (MW) combined (MWCOMB) precipitation dataset used to calibrate it with an aim to provide insights regarding strengths and weaknesses of these products. This study systematically analyzes the errors across different climate regions and also as a function of different precipitation types over the conterminous United States. The reference precipitation dataset is Ground-Validation Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor (GV-MRMS). Overall, MWCOMB reveals smaller errors as compared to SCaMPR. However, the analysis indicated that that the major portion of error in SCaMPR is propagated from the MWCOMB calibration data. The major challenge starts with poor detection from MWCOMB, which propagates in SCaMPR. In particular, MWCOMB misses 90% of cool stratiform precipitation and the overall detection score is around 40%. The ability of the algorithms to quantify precipitation amounts for the Warm Stratiform, Cool Stratiform, and Tropical/Stratiform Mix categories is poor compared to the Convective and Tropical/Convective Mix categories with additional challenges in complex terrain regions. Further analysis showed strong similarities in systematic and random error models with both products. This suggests that the potential of high-resolution GOES-R observations remains underutilized in SCaMPR due to the errors from the calibrator MWCOMB.

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Lin, Jung-Ming G., Chi-Chih Kang, Yun Zhou, Haiyan Huang, Amy E. Herr, and Sanjay Kumar. "Linking invasive motility to protein expression in single tumor cells." Lab on a Chip 18, no. 2 (2018): 371–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7lc01008g.

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Stenz, Ronald, Xiquan Dong, Baike Xi, Zhe Feng, and Robert J. Kuligowski. "Improving Satellite Quantitative Precipitation Estimation Using GOES-Retrieved Cloud Optical Depth." Journal of Hydrometeorology 17, no. 2 (January 27, 2016): 557–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-15-0057.1.

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Abstract To address gaps in ground-based radar coverage and rain gauge networks in the United States, geostationary satellite quantitative precipitation estimation (QPE) such as the Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR) can be used to fill in both spatial and temporal gaps of ground-based measurements. Additionally, with the launch of Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite R series (GOES-R), the temporal resolution of satellite QPEs may be comparable to Weather Surveillance Radar-1988 Doppler (WSR-88D) volume scans as GOES images will be available every 5 min. However, while satellite QPEs have strengths in spatial coverage and temporal resolution, they face limitations, particularly during convective events. Deep convective systems (DCSs) have large cloud shields with similar brightness temperatures (BTs) over nearly the entire system, but widely varying precipitation rates beneath these clouds. Geostationary satellite QPEs relying on the indirect relationship between BTs and precipitation rates often suffer from large errors because anvil regions (little or no precipitation) cannot be distinguished from rain cores (heavy precipitation) using only BTs. However, a combination of BTs and optical depth τ has been found to reduce overestimates of precipitation in anvil regions. A new rain mask algorithm incorporating both τ and BTs has been developed, and its application to the existing SCaMPR algorithm was evaluated. The performance of the modified SCaMPR was evaluated using traditional skill scores and a more detailed analysis of performance in individual DCS components by utilizing the Feng et al. classification algorithm. SCaMPR estimates with the new rain mask benefited from significantly reduced overestimates of precipitation in anvil regions and overall improvements in skill scores.

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Jozaghi, Ali, Mohammad Nabatian, Seongjin Noh, Dong-Jun Seo, Lin Tang, and Jian Zhang. "Improving Multisensor Precipitation Estimation via Adaptive Conditional Bias–Penalized Merging of Rain Gauge Data and Remotely Sensed Quantitative Precipitation Estimates." Journal of Hydrometeorology 20, no. 12 (December 1, 2019): 2347–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-19-0129.1.

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Abstract We describe and evaluate adaptive conditional bias–penalized cokriging (CBPCK) for improved multisensor precipitation estimation using rain gauge data and remotely sensed quantitative precipitation estimates (QPE). The remotely sensed QPEs used are radar-only and radar–satellite-fused estimates. For comparative evaluation, true validation is carried out over the continental United States (CONUS) for 13–30 September 2015 and 7–9 October 2016. The hourly gauge data, radar-only QPE, and satellite QPE used are from the Hydrometeorological Automated Data System, Multi-Radar Multi-Sensor System, and Self-Calibrating Multivariate Precipitation Retrieval (SCaMPR), respectively. For radar–satellite fusion, conditional bias–penalized Fisher estimation is used. The reference merging technique compared is ordinary cokriging (OCK) used in the National Weather Service Multisensor Precipitation Estimator. It is shown that, beyond the reduction due to mean field bias (MFB) correction, both OCK and adaptive CBPCK additionally reduce the unconditional root-mean-square error (RMSE) of radar-only QPE by 9%–16% over the CONUS for the two periods, and that adaptive CBPCK is superior to OCK for estimation of hourly amounts exceeding 1 mm. When fused with the MFB-corrected radar QPE, the MFB-corrected SCaMPR QPE for September 2015 reduces the unconditional RMSE of the MFB-corrected radar by 4% and 6% over the entire and western half of the CONUS, respectively, but is inferior to the MFB-corrected radar for estimation of hourly amounts exceeding 7 mm. Adaptive CBPCK should hence be favored over OCK for estimation of significant amounts of precipitation despite larger computational cost, and the SCaMPR QPE should be used selectively in multisensor QPE.

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Wu, T. T., and J. D. Castle. "Evidence for colocalization and interaction between 37 and 39 kDa isoforms of secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs)." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 13 (July 1, 1997): 1533–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.13.1533.

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Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are proteins of post-Golgi recycling carriers, including regulated secretory organelles. The two major size variants, SCAMP1 (37 kDa) and SCAMP2 (39 kDa), extensively colocalize in membranes of fibroblasts and parotid acinar cells based on immunocytochemistry and velocity centrifugation, although the relative amounts of each variant may differ in selected organelles. SCAMP1, and to a lesser extent, SCAMP2, are substrates for chemical crosslinking in situ, and the recognizable crosslinking products of SCAMP1 suggest potential formation of homomultimers. SCAMP1 and SCAMP2 can be co-immunoprecipitated following detergent solubilization, using antibodies that specifically react with only one of the variants. Both the localization and interactions of SCAMPs are reiterated using transfected SCAMP1 that is epitope tagged (myc) at either the NH2 or COOH terminus and an anti-myc antibody. Like other transport vesicle membrane proteins, SCAMPs form complexes that apparently include homomultimers. Furthermore, these studies suggest that both SCAMP1 and SCAMP2 may function together in a single protein complex.

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Hubbard, Charles, David Singleton, Michelle Rauch, Sajith Jayasinghe, David Cafiso, and David Castle. "The Secretory Carrier Membrane Protein Family: Structure and Membrane Topology." Molecular Biology of the Cell 11, no. 9 (September 2000): 2933–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.11.9.2933.

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Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are integral membrane proteins found in secretory and endocytic carriers implicated to function in membrane trafficking. Using expressed sequence tag database and library screens and DNA sequencing, we have characterized several new SCAMPs spanning the plant and animal kingdoms and have defined a broadly conserved protein family. No obvious fungal homologue has been identified, however. We have found that SCAMPs share several structural motifs. These include NPF repeats, a leucine heptad repeat enriched in charged residues, and a proline-rich SH3-like and/or WW domain–binding site in the N-terminal domain, which is followed by a membrane core containing four putative transmembrane spans and three amphiphilic segments that are the most highly conserved structural elements. All SCAMPs are 32–38 kDa except mammalian SCAMP4, which is ∼25 kDa and lacks most of the N-terminal hydrophilic domain of other SCAMPs. SCAMP4 is authentic as determined by Northern and Western blotting, suggesting that this portion of the larger SCAMPs encodes the functional domain. Focusing on SCAMP1, we have characterized its structure further by limited proteolysis and Western blotting with the use of isolated secretory granules as a uniformly oriented source of antigen and by topology mapping through expression of alkaline phosphatase gene fusions in Escherichia coli. Results show that SCAMP1 is degraded sequentially from the N terminus and then the C terminus, yielding an ∼20-kDa membrane core that contains four transmembrane spans. Using synthetic peptides corresponding to the three conserved amphiphilic segments of the membrane core, we have demonstrated their binding to phospholipid membranes and shown by circular dichroism spectroscopy that the central amphiphilic segment linking transmembrane spans 2 and 3 is α-helical. In the intact protein, these segments are likely to reside in the cytoplasm-facing membrane interface. The current model of SCAMP1 suggests that the N and C termini form the cytoplasmic surface of the protein overlying a membrane core, which contains a functional domain located at the cytoplasmic interface with little exposure of the protein on the ectodomain.

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Liu, Lixia, Zhenheng Guo, Quyen Tieu, Anna Castle, and David Castle. "Role of Secretory Carrier Membrane Protein SCAMP2 in Granule Exocytosis." Molecular Biology of the Cell 13, no. 12 (December 2002): 4266–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e02-03-0136.

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In secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs), the most conserved structural segment is between transmembrane spans 2 and 3, facing the cytosol. A synthetic peptide, CWYRPIYKAFR (E peptide), from this segment of SCAMP2 potently inhibits exocytosis in permeabilized neuroendocrine (PC12) cells. E peptide blocked discharge of35S-labeled secretogranin with the same structural selectivity and potency as observed for hexosaminidase secretion in mast cells. SCAMPs 1 and 2 are concentrated primarily on intracellular membranes in PC12 cells. Both, however, are found on plasma membranes, but neither is present on large dense-core vesicles. Yet, large dense-core vesicles marked by secretogranin attach to plasma membranes at foci containing SCAMP2 along with syntaxin1 and complexin at putative cell-surface docking/fusion sites. Regulated overexpression of SCAMP2 with point mutations in its E peptide but not of normal SCAMP2 caused dose-dependent inhibition of depolarization-induced secretion. The SCAMP2 mutants also inhibited secretion stimulated by elevated calcium. Inhibition was largely overcome by adding lysophosphatidylcholine to the medium at concentrations that do not otherwise affect secretion. Although overexpression of normal or mutant SCAMP2 slightly inhibits endocytosis, this effect does not appear to be related to the specific effect of the mutant SCAMP on stimulated exocytosis. Thus, SCAMP2 not only colocalizes with fusion sites but also appears to have an essential function in granule exocytosis through actions mediated by its E peptide–containing domain.

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Liu, Lixia, Haini Liao, Anna Castle, Jie Zhang, James Casanova, Gabor Szabo, and David Castle. "SCAMP2 Interacts with Arf6 and Phospholipase D1 and Links Their Function to Exocytotic Fusion Pore Formation in PC12 Cells." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 10 (October 2005): 4463–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e05-03-0231.

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SNAP receptor (SNARE)-mediated fusion is regarded as a core event in exocytosis. Exocytosis is supported by other proteins that set up SNARE interactions between secretory vesicle and plasma membranes or facilitate fusion pore formation. Secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMPs) are candidate proteins for functioning in these events. In neuroendocrine PC12 cells, SCAMP2 colocalizes on the cell surface with three other proteins required for dense-core vesicle exocytosis: phospholipase D1 (PLD1), the small GTPase Arf6, and Arf6 guanine nucleotide exchange protein ARNO. Arf6 and PLD1 coimmunoprecipitate (coIP) with SCAMP2. These associations have been implicated in exocytosis by observing enhanced coIP of Arf6 with SCAMP2 after cell depolarization and in the presence of guanosine 5′-O-(3-thio)triphosphate and by inhibition of coIP by a SCAMP-derived peptide that inhibits exocytosis. The peptide also suppresses PLD activity associated with exocytosis. Using amperometry to analyze exocytosis, we show that expression of a point mutant of SCAMP2 that exhibits decreased association with Arf6 and of mutant Arf6 deficient in activating PLD1 have the same inhibitory effects on early events in membrane fusion. However, mutant SCAMP2 also uniquely inhibits fusion pore dilation. Thus, SCAMP2 couples Arf6-stimulated PLD activity to exocytosis and links this process to formation of fusion pores.

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Liao, Haini, Jie Zhang, Svetlana Shestopal, Gabor Szabo, Anna Castle, and David Castle. "Nonredundant function of secretory carrier membrane protein isoforms in dense core vesicle exocytosis." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 294, no. 3 (March 2008): C797—C809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00493.2007.

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Five secretory carrier membrane proteins (SCAMP-1, -2, -3, -4, and -5) have been characterized in mammalian cells. Previously, SCAMP-1 and -2 have been implicated to function in exocytosis. RNA inhibitor-mediated deficiency of one or both of these SCAMPs interferes with dense core vesicle (DCV) exocytosis in neuroendocrine PC12 cells as detected by amperometry. Knockdowns of these SCAMPs each decreased the number and frequency of depolarization-induced exocytotic events. SCAMP-2 but not SCAMP-1 depletion also delayed the onset of exocytosis. Both knockdowns, however, altered fusion pore dynamics, increasing rapid pore closure and decreasing pore dilation. In contrast, knockdowns of SCAMP-3 and -5 only interfered with the frequency of fusion pore opening and did not affect the dynamics of newly opened pores. None of the knockdowns noticeably affected upstream events, including the distribution of DCVs near the plasma membrane and calcium signaling kinetics, although norepinephrine uptake/storage was moderately decreased by deficiency of SCAMP-1 and -5. Thus, SCAMP-1 and -2 are most closely linked to the final events of exocytosis. Other SCAMPs collaborate in regulating fusion sites, but the roles of individual isoforms appear at least partially distinct.

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Hubert, Laurence, Magda Cannata Serio, Laure Villoing-Gaudé, Nathalie Boddaert, Anna Kaminska, Marlène Rio, Stanislas Lyonnet, et al. "De novo SCAMP5 mutation causes a neurodevelopmental disorder with autistic features and seizures." Journal of Medical Genetics 57, no. 2 (August 22, 2019): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jmedgenet-2018-105927.

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BackgroundAutistic spectrum disorders (ASDs) with developmental delay and seizures are a genetically heterogeneous group of diseases caused by at least 700 different genes. Still, a number of cases remain genetically undiagnosed.ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to identify and characterise pathogenic variants in two individuals from unrelated families, both of whom presented a similar clinical phenotype that included an ASD, intellectual disability (ID) and seizures.MethodsWhole-exome sequencing was used to identify pathogenic variants in the two individuals. Functional studies performed in the Drosophila melanogaster model was used to assess the protein function in vivo.ResultsProbands shared a heterozygous de novo secretory carrier membrane protein (SCAMP5) variant (NM_001178111.1:c.538G>T) resulting in a p.Gly180Trp missense variant. SCAMP5 belongs to a family of tetraspanin membrane proteins found in secretory and endocytic compartments of neuronal synapses. In the fly SCAMP orthologue, the p.Gly302Trp genotype corresponds to human p.Gly180Trp. Western blot analysis of proteins overexpressed in the Drosophila fat body showed strongly reduced levels of the SCAMP p.Gly302Trp protein compared with the wild-type protein, indicating that the mutant either reduced expression or increased turnover of the protein. The expression of the fly homologue of the human SCAMP5 p.Gly180Trp mutation caused similar eye and neuronal phenotypes as the expression of SCAMP RNAi, suggesting a dominant-negative effect.ConclusionOur study identifies SCAMP5 deficiency as a cause for ASD and ID and underscores the importance of synaptic vesicular trafficking in neurodevelopmental disorders.

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Soltys, M. A., and J. P. Crimaldi. "Joint probabilities and mixing of isolated scalars emitted from parallel jets." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 769 (March 16, 2015): 130–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2015.113.

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Mixing and reaction between two scalars initially separated by scalar-free ambient fluid is important in problems ranging from ecology to engineering. Using a two-channel planar laser-induced fluorescence (PLIF) system the instantaneous spatial structure of two independent scalars emitted from parallel jets into a slow coflow is quantified. Of particular interest is the scalar covariance used to define the correlation coefficient. Joint probability distribution functions (JPDFs) and instantaneous images of the scalar fields demonstrate that initially the flow mainly consists of incursions of fluid from one jet into the other, and vice versa, before scalars have time to assemble in attracting regions of the flow and coalesce due to diffusive flux. Decomposing the joint probability distribution exhibits the effect these events have on scaler overlap and scalar covariance. Along the centreline near where the mean profiles of the jets meet, the scalar covariance is negative; however, the covariance becomes positive as the scalars converge in shared structure and diffusive flux bridges a reduced barrier of ambient fluid. The mixing path between scalar filaments can be probabilistically observed through the conditional diffusion of the two scalars at various points in the flow.

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Pitkänen, Mikko, Teemu Kärkkäinen, Jörg Ott, Marco Conti, Andrea Passarella, Silvia Giordano, Daniele Puccinelli, et al. "SCAMPI." ACM SIGCOMM Computer Communication Review 42, no. 4 (September 24, 2012): 503–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2377677.2377775.

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Tsai, Ling Long. "New SCAMPERS." International Journal of Innovation Education and Research 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 136–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31686/ijier.vol7.iss1.1292.

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It has long been known that the SCAMPER checklist is a useful tool for developing creative thinking. However, the meanings of some words might change based on the different interpretations of the users. Here we aimed to reorganize this model to avoid placing different thinking directions into the same category. We designed a new checklist, including Substitute, Combine, Adjust, Modify, Permute, Eliminate, Repurpose, and Size, and renamed it NEW SCAMPERS. Using a questionnaire, we tested the participants’ understanding of the checklist’s meanings and its application. We recruited 194 students from three campuses and analyzed 191 completed answers. We found that students can comprehend the new classified category, and most do well on the application inspection. Thus, the new checklist was proven to be an appropriate technique for group creative thinking.

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Paden, Roger. "Saints and Scamps." Teaching Philosophy 10, no. 4 (1987): 351–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/teachphil198710474.

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Cavalli, Amy L., Nicole W. O'Brien, Steven B. Barlow, Romeo Betto, Christopher C. Glembotski, Philip T. Palade, and Roger A. Sabbadini. "Expression and functional characterization of SCaMPER: a sphingolipid-modulated calcium channel of cardiomyocytes." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 284, no. 3 (March 1, 2003): C780—C790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.00382.2002.

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Calcium channels are important in a variety of cellular events including muscle contraction, signaling, proliferation, and apoptosis. Sphingolipids have been recognized as mediators of intracellular calcium release through their actions on a calcium channel, sphingolipid calcium release-mediating protein of the endoplasmic reticulum (SCaMPER). The current study investigates the expression and function of SCaMPER in cardiomyocytes. Northern analyses and RT-PCR cloning and sequencing revealed SCaMPER expression in both human and rat cardiac tissue. Immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses demonstrated that SCaMPER is abundant in cardiac tissue and is localized to the sarcotubular junction. This was confirmed by the colocalization of SCaMPER with dihydropyridine and ryanodine receptors by confocal microscopy. Purified T tubules were shown to contain SCaMPER and immunoelectron micrographs suggested that SCaMPER is located to the junctional T tubules, but a junctional SR localization cannot be ruled out. The sphingolipid ligand for SCaMPER, sphingosylphosphorylcholine (SPC), initiated calcium release from the cardiomyocyte SR. Importantly, antisense knockdown of SCaMPER mRNA produced a substantial reduction of sphingolipid-induced calcium release, suggesting that SCaMPER is a potentially important calcium channel of cardiomyocytes.

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Lee, Eun-Ho, Hye-Jin Park, Na-Hyun Kim, Eun-Jin Hong, Mi-Jung Park, Seon-Ho Lee, Myung-Uk Kim, Bong-Jeun An, and Young-Je Cho. "Biological activities of Aster scaber extracts." Korean Journal of Food Preservation 23, no. 3 (June 2016): 393–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.11002/kjfp.2016.23.3.393.

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Ibsen, M. L., and E. N. Bromhead. "Head scarps and toe heaves." Zeitschrift für Geomorphologie Supplement Volumes 115 (July 1, 1999): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/zfgsuppl/115/1999/125.

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Aoh, Quyen L., Anna M. Castle, Charles H. Hubbard, Osamu Katsumata, and J. David Castle. "SCAMP3 Negatively Regulates Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Degradation and Promotes Receptor Recycling." Molecular Biology of the Cell 20, no. 6 (March 15, 2009): 1816–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e08-09-0894.

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The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is targeted for lysosomal degradation by ubiquitin-mediated interactions with the ESCRTs (endosomal-sorting complexes required for transport) in multivesicular bodies (MVBs). We show that secretory carrier membrane protein, SCAMP3, localizes in part to early endosomes and negatively regulates EGFR degradation through processes that involve its ubiquitylation and interactions with ESCRTs. SCAMP3 is multimonoubiquitylated and is able to associate with Nedd4 HECT ubiquitin ligases and the ESCRT-I subunit Tsg101 via its PY and PSAP motifs, respectively. SCAMP3 also associates with the ESCRT-0 subunit Hrs. Depletion of SCAMP3 in HeLa cells by inhibitory RNA accelerated degradation of EGFR and EGF while inhibiting recycling. Conversely, overexpression enhanced EGFR recycling unless ubiquitylatable lysines, PY or PSAP motifs in SCAMP3 were mutated. Notably, dual depletions of SCAMP3 and ESCRT subunits suggest that SCAMP3 has a distinct function in parallel with the ESCRTs that regulates receptor degradation. This function may affect trafficking of receptors from prelysosomal compartments as SCAMP3 depletion appeared to sustain the incidence of EGFR-containing MVBs detected by immunoelectron microscopy. Together, our results suggest that SCAMP3, its modification with ubiquitin, and its interactions with ESCRTs coordinately regulate endosomal pathways and affect the efficiency of receptor down-regulation.

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Slijepčević, Siniša. "Entropy of scalar reaction-diffusion equations." Mathematica Bohemica 139, no. 4 (2014): 597–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.2014.144137.

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Fernández-Chacón, Rafael, Mircea Achiriloaie, Roger Janz, Joseph P. Albanesi, and Thomas C. Südhof. "SCAMP1 Function in Endocytosis." Journal of Biological Chemistry 275, no. 17 (April 21, 2000): 12752–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.275.17.12752.

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Cahyati, Hani, Abdul Muin, and Eva Musyrifah. "Efektivitas Teknik SCAMPER dalam Mengembangkan Kemampuan Berpikir Kreatif Matematis Siswa." Journal of Medives : Journal of Mathematics Education IKIP Veteran Semarang 2, no. 2 (July 3, 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.31331/medives.v2i2.641.

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Teknik SCAMPER awalnya banyak digunakan di ruang lingkup perusahaan untuk menciptakan produk-produk baru. Seiring dengan perkembangan zaman, teknik SCAMPER kini digunakan sebagai teknik pelatihan berpikir kreatif di berbagai bidang. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis efektivitas teknik SCAMPER dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif dalam matematika. Penelitian ini dilakukan di salah satu SMP di Tangerang Selatan pada siswa kelas IX tahun ajaran 2017/2018. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah kuasi eksperimen dengan randomized post-test only control group design. Sampel penelitian yang digunakan terdiri dari 30 siswa kelas eksperimen dan 30 siswa kelas kontrol yang dipilih secara acak dengan teknik cluster random sampling. Instrumen penelitian yang digunakan adalah tes berupa soal uraian untuk mengukur kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis yang meliputi indikator: 1) fluency, 2) flexibility, dan 3) originality. Analisis data didasarkan pada perbedaan dua proporsi yaitu proporsi ketuntasan belajar siswa yang diuji dengan Chi-Square Test pada taraf signifikansi 5%. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa teknik SCAMPER efektif dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis siswa. Selain itu, teknik SCAMPER juga lebih efektif dibandingkan dengan pembelajaran konvensional. Penelitian ini dapat dijadikan rujukan bagi guru tentang penggunaan teknik SCAMPER sebagai teknik pembelajaran yang efektif dalam mengembangkan kemampuan berpikir kreatif matematis. Kata kunci: Teknik SCAMPER, fluency, flexibility, originality. ABSTRACT The SCAMPER technique was originally widely used in the company's scope to create new products. But now SCAMPER technique is used as a creative thinking training in various fields. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of SCAMPER techniques in developing mathematics creative thinking skills. This research was conducted to IX grade junior high school students in South Tangerang in 2017/2018 academic year. The research uses quasi experiment with randomized post-test only control group design. The samples were 30 students of experimental class and 30 students of control class which were selected randomly by cluster random sampling technique. The research instrument used was a test of a description to measure the ability of mathematical creative thinking which assesses 3 indicators. They are 1) fluency, 2) flexibility, and 3) originality. The research wants to know about two mastery learning proportions difference tested with Chi-Square Test at 5% significance level. The results are SCAMPER technique is effective in developing students' mathematical creative thinking ability. In addition, SCAMPER technique is more effective than conventional learning. This research can be used by teachers as an effective learning techniques in developing the ability of mathematical creative thinking. Key words: SCAMPER technique, fluency, flexibility, originality.

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Oh, Se-Woong, Jong-Min Park, and Moon-Jin Lee. "A Study on algorithm of SCAMIN attribute for ENCs." Journal of the Korean Institute of Information and Communication Engineering 14, no. 11 (November 30, 2010): 2403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.6109/jkiice.2010.14.11.2403.

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Krishna, Dr Addepalli V. N. "Scalar Multiplication based Matrix Public Key Cryptography." Journal of Advanced Research in Dynamical and Control Systems 12, SP4 (March 31, 2020): 307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5373/jardcs/v12sp4/20201493.

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Aggarwal, Abhinav, Ravi kumar Chittoria, Saurabh Gupta, Chirra Likhitha Reddy, Padma lakshmi, Imran Pathan, and Praveen Upadhyay. "Innovative Scalp-Protecting Cap." New Indian Journal of Surgery 10, no. 6 (2019): 619–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/nijs.0976.4747.10619.11.

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30

Burgess, G. S. "Preliminary information on SCAMP." ACM SIGMICRO Newsletter 18, no. 3 (September 1987): 12–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/378719.378734.

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31

Frank, M. "Scalar mesons and scalar gluonium." Zeitschrift für Physik C Particles and Fields 35, no. 1 (March 1987): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01561059.

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Lee, Unghwi, Chunghon Choi, Seung Hyun Ryu, Daehun Park, Sang-Eun Lee, Kitae Kim, Yujin Kim, and Sunghoe Chang. "SCAMP5 plays a critical role in axonal trafficking and synaptic localization of NHE6 to adjust quantal size at glutamatergic synapses." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 2 (December 28, 2020): e2011371118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2011371118.

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Glutamate uptake into synaptic vesicles (SVs) depends on cation/H+ exchange activity, which converts the chemical gradient (ΔpH) into membrane potential (Δψ) across the SV membrane at the presynaptic terminals. Thus, the proper recruitment of cation/H+ exchanger to SVs is important in determining glutamate quantal size, yet little is known about its localization mechanism. Here, we found that secretory carrier membrane protein 5 (SCAMP5) interacted with the cation/H+ exchanger NHE6, and this interaction regulated NHE6 recruitment to glutamatergic presynaptic terminals. Protein–protein interaction analysis with truncated constructs revealed that the 2/3 loop domain of SCAMP5 is directly associated with the C-terminal region of NHE6. The use of optical imaging and electrophysiological recording showed that small hairpin RNA–mediated knockdown (KD) of SCAMP5 or perturbation of SCAMP5/NHE6 interaction markedly inhibited axonal trafficking and the presynaptic localization of NHE6, leading to hyperacidification of SVs and a reduction in the quantal size of glutamate release. Knockout of NHE6 occluded the effect of SCAMP5 KD without causing additional defects. Together, our results reveal that as a key regulator of axonal trafficking and synaptic localization of NHE6, SCAMP5 could adjust presynaptic strength by regulating quantal size at glutamatergic synapses. Since both proteins are autism candidate genes, the reduced quantal size by interrupting their interaction may underscore synaptic dysfunction observed in autism.

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Gündoğan, Aysun. "SCAMPER: IMPROVING CREATIVE IMAGINATION OF YOUNG CHILDREN." Creativity Studies 12, no. 2 (December 31, 2019): 315–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/cs.2019.11201.

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Young children are accepted to have creativity abilities. Creativity is a feature that needs to be improved. Many techniques are used to improve creativity. SCAMPER (substitute, combine, adjust, modify/magnify/minify, put to other uses, eliminate, reverse/rearrange) is one of the techniques used to improve creativity. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of SCAMPER in improving creative imagination of 5-year-old children attending kindergarten. For this purpose, 49 children from the age group of 5 year attending a kindergarten in the Southwestern part of Turkey participated in the study. There were an experimental group and a control group in the study. SCAMPER technique was applied to the children in the experimental group. The control group continued to the normal education program. The data were collected by using Test of Creative Imagination (Child Form), which was developed by Aysun Gündoğan in 2019. At the end of the study, it was found that creative imagination levels of the children in the experimental group receiving education with SCAMPER technique increased. Differences among children receiving SCAMPER education were found in the fluency sub-dimension of creativity. The SCAMPER technique was effective in improving the creative imagination. Therefore, techniques and activities that enable the development of creative imagination should be applied to individuals from an early age.

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Franců, Jan. "Homogenization of diffusion equation with scalar hysteresis operator." Mathematica Bohemica 126, no. 2 (2001): 363–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.2001.134031.

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Marraffa, V. "A scalar Volterra derivative for the PoU-integral." Mathematica Bohemica 130, no. 1 (2005): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.21136/mb.2005.134220.

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G. H. Accioly, André, Vitor N. de Lima, Fabrício Bradaschia, Francisco de Assis dos Santos Neves, Marcelo Cabral Cavalcanti, and Antonio Samuel Neto. "Scalar Pulse Width Modulation Strategies For Matrix Converters." Eletrônica de Potência 12, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.18618/rep.2007.1.053061.

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CHON, Woohyung. "Multi-scalar Borderscapes and Contact Zones’ Politics of Representation." Critical Review of History 136 (August 31, 2021): 126–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.38080/crh.2021.08.136.126.

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van der Reis, AL, AG Jeffs, and SD Lavery. "From feeding habits to food webs: exploring the diet of an opportunistic benthic generalist." Marine Ecology Progress Series 655 (November 26, 2020): 107–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13511.

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Deep-sea benthic ecosystems are difficult to study, particularly when trying to clarify diet and trophic relationships. New Zealand scampi Metanephrops challengeri are endemic, commercially prized deep-sea lobsters that are bottom trawled. These lobsters are typically the dominant mobile megafaunal species in the deep-sea benthic habitat, and their burrowing behaviour plays an important role in bioturbation of seafloor habitats. DNA metabarcoding was undertaken on the gut contents of 66 scampi from 4 fishery management areas using COI and 18S rRNA markers to better understand their feeding habits and trophic role. Scampi were confirmed to be opportunistic benthic scavengers, with the gut samples containing over 150 species, ranging from small (e.g. alveolates) to large eukaryotes (e.g. fish). The main dietary components consisted of crabs and prawns, but also included macroalgae and fish. Significant differences were found among scampi gut contents when comparing season and geographic region, but not when comparing sex and size. Due to their generalist scavenging nature, scampi play an important role in the deep-sea benthic ecosystems and are natural benthic samplers that are well suited to being used as deep-sea ecosystem/biodiversity monitors.

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39

Scadron, M. D. "Scalar." European Physical Journal C 6, no. 1 (1999): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s100520050327.

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Mödritsch, W. "Spectrum of scalar-scalar bound states." Physical Review D 56, no. 9 (November 1, 1997): 5386–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.56.5386.

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Weingarten, Don. "Scalar quarkonium and the scalar glueball." Nuclear Physics B - Proceedings Supplements 53, no. 1-3 (February 1997): 232–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-5632(96)00623-8.

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Adhikari, Subhendu, Bharat Chandra Sahu, and Lambodar Dey. "Nutrients budget and effluents characteristics in polyculture of scampi (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Indian major carps ponds using organic inputs." Water Science and Technology 66, no. 7 (October 1, 2012): 1540–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.341.

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Experiments were conducted for the study of nutrient budget in farmers' ponds (0.4–0.6 ha) in Orissa, India, at stocking densities of 0.30–0.38/m2 for scampi (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and 0.60–0.70/m2 for Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala). The average initial body weights of scampi and the major carps were 0.02 and 8–10 g, respectively. The culture period was 272–292 days. Feed was the main input. The FCR (feed conversion ratio) varied from 1.78 to 1.83. Feed and cow dung were applied to these ponds as organic inputs. At harvest time, the average weight of scampi and carps varied from 73 to 92 g and from 718 to 820 g, respectively. Among all the inputs, feed alone accounted for 97.60% total nitrogen (N), 97.90% total phosphorus (P) and 94.72% total organic carbon (OC), respectively. The harvest of scampi and carps accounted for recovery of 52.45% N, 19.43% P and 18.12% OC, respectively. N, P and OC accumulated in sediment were 38.31, 71.40 and 69.50%, respectively. The median nutrient loads in the fish pond effluents were equivalent to 0.58 kg of inorganic N, 0.135 kg of P and 8.83 kg of total OC per ton of Indian major carps and scampi production.

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Hawa, Siti, and Yosef Yosef. "APLIKASI METODE SCAMPER DALAM PENGEMBANGAN DESAIN PEMBELAJARAN MATEMATIKA DI SEKOLAH DASAR." Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika 13, no. 2 (June 25, 2019): 143–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.22342/jpm.13.2.6749.143-152.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh penggunaan metode SCAMPER terhadap kemampuan mahasiswa dalam mengembangkan desain pembelajaran matematika di kelas rendah sekolah dasar. Untuk menjawab pertanyaan penelitian, penelitian ini menerapkan metode pra-eksperimental berdesain pra tes-pasca tes satu kelompok. Data kemampuan mahasiswa dalam mengembangkan pembelajaran diperoleh dengan menggunakan IPPSD yang terdiri atas 20 item. Analisis data ditujukan pada uji signifikansi pengaruh metode SCAMPER dengan membandingkan skor prates dan pascates. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan antara skor rerata prates dan pascates. Dari analisis data diperoleh kesimpulan metode SCAMPER berpengaruh positif terhadap kemampuan mahasiswa dalam mengembangkan desain pembelajaran matematika di kelas rendah.

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Mijares-Colmenares, Brizeida E., William G. Masten, and Joe R. Underwood. "Effects of the Scamper Technique on Anxiety and Creative Thinking of Intellectually Gifted Students." Psychological Reports 63, no. 2 (October 1988): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1988.63.2.495.

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This study assessed the effect of the Scamper technique on creative thinking and trait-anxiety of 27 junior high students. Effect size was large for flexibility and medium for trait anxiety which suggests Scamper may be useful to improve flexibility and reduce trait-anxiety.

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Adhikari, Subhendu, Rattan Lal, and Bharat Chandra Sahu. "Carbon footprint of aquaculture in eastern India." Journal of Water and Climate Change 4, no. 4 (September 3, 2013): 410–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wcc.2013.028.

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The present study was conducted to determine the carbon (C) footprint of different aquaculture production systems in India. The total input (kg CE/ha) in different cultures, respectively, was 1,811 to 4,144 for scampi, 4,417 to 5,913 for polyculture, 4,090 to 8,873 for shrimp and 2,417 to 2,786 for carp. Of the total inputs, feed accounts for around 90% of carbon equivalent (CE), in all cultures. The output in different cultures, expressed on live weight basis (kg/ha) and on input basis (kg/kg), respectively, was 1,280 to 3,288 and 0.71 to 0.79 for scampi culture, 4,639 to 5,998 and 1.00 to 1.05 for polyculture, 2,130 to 5,436 and 0.52 to 0.61 for shrimp culture, 4,100 to 4,160 and 1.49 to 1.70 for carp culture. On the basis of output:input ratio, the carp (three species of Indian major carp) culture is more sustainable followed by polyculture (carp with scampi), scampi and shrimp culture, respectively.

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Alhamadi, Samaher AwaduAllah, and Aidah Aljuran. "The Effect of Social Constructivist SCAMPER Model on Creative Writing Skill." International Journal of Linguistics 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/ijl.v13i1.17881.

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This research was conducted with the aim of investigating the impact of social constructivist SCAMPER model on creative writing skill. Saudi students face difficulties in writing skill, especially in being required to memorize pieces of ready-written paragraphs without any understanding of what they should write and how. The participants were 30 female high school students studying in the third secondary school in Yanbu Industrial City. This study was a quantitative study. The participants were divided into an experimental and a control group. Data was collected by using a pre-post writing test and a questionnaire. The results showed that the social constructivist SCAMPER model had a positive effect on students’ creative writing skill. Also, based on the questionnaire, students showed a positive attitude toward using social constructivist SCAMPER model for developing creative writing. Based on the findings, the social constructivist SCAMPER model is highly recommended to be used in EFL writing classes in order to foster creative writing.

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Kim, Sang-Mi, and Jong-Ki Han. "Modified cubic convolution scaler for edge-directed nonuniform data." Journal of Broadcast Engineering 13, no. 5 (September 30, 2008): 707–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5909/jbe.2008.13.5.707.

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Choi, Sun Young, and Min-Ja Kim. "Creative Idea and an Analysis of Fashion Design on Korean Image through the SCAMPER Technique." Journal of the Korean Society of Costume 64, no. 1 (January 31, 2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.7233/jksc.2014.64.1.001.

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Webb, R. K., and Steven M. Cahn. "Saints and Scamps: Ethics in Academia." Academe 73, no. 3 (1987): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40249943.

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III, Charles S. Green, S. M. Cahn, S. L. Payne, and B. H. Charnov. "Saints and Scamps: Ethics in Academia." Teaching Sociology 17, no. 1 (January 1989): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1317961.

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Journal articles on the topic 'SCaMPR'

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