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Journal articles on the topic 'Scaphognathite'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 2 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

BURGGREN, WARREN, ALAN PINDER, BRIAN McMAHON, MICHELE WHEATLY, and MICHAEL DOYLE. "Ventilation, Circulation and Their Interactions in the Land Crab, Cardisoma Guanhumi." Journal of Experimental Biology 117, no. 1 (1985): 133–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.117.1.133.

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Physiological variables for ventilation (scaphognathite frequency, branchial chamber pressure and branchial air flow) and for circulation (heart rate, intracardiac and pericardial haemolymph pressure) were measured in the land crab Cardisoma guanhumi (Latreille). Crabs were studied both in air alone and in air with access to a shallow layer of fresh, brackish or sea water. During complete air exposure, forward scaphognathite beating predominated and reversed scaphognathite beating was very infrequent. Periods of apnoea were rare. When crabs were able to immerse the Milne-Edwards openings to th

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2

Verma, Dharm Raj, Harnam Singh Lodhi, Kunwer Ji Tiwari, Sanjive Shukla, and U. D. Sharma. "Copper sulphate induced changes in scaphognathite oscillations and oxygen consumption of fresh water prawn, Macrobrachium lamarrei (Crustacea- Decapoda)." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 2, no. 1 (2010): 34–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v2i1.91.

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Fresh water prawns, Macrobrachium lamarrei were subjected to acute concentration, 0.304 mg/l (96h LC50) of Copper sulphate to evaluate its effects on scaphognathite oscillations and oxygen consumption rate. Scaphognathite oscillations showed initial increase after 24h, thereafter significantly (t = 9.24; P<0.001) decreased up to 72h and finally tend to increase after 96h but remained below the controls where as oxygen consumption showed continuous decreasing trend through out the experiment up to 96h (t = 16.53; P<0.001) than control ones. Possible interaction of copper in relation to re

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3

Stegen, E., and M. K. Grieshaber. "Adenosine increases ventilation rate, cardiac performance and haemolymph velocity in the American lobster Homarus americanus." Journal of Experimental Biology 204, no. 5 (2001): 947–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.204.5.947.

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The effects of adenosine and adenine nucleotides on haemolymph velocity and on heart rate and scaphognathite frequency were investigated in the American lobster Homarus americanus. The infusion of 0.25-2.4 nmol g(−1) min(−1) adenosine produced steady-state concentrations of 2–3 micromol l(−1) adenosine and approximately 80 micromol l(−1) inosine in the haemolymph. No hanges in haemolymph concentration of AMP, hypoxanthine, xanthine or IMP were observed. Adenosine increases haemolymph velocity in the sternal artery from 55+/−29 to 204+/−53 mm s(−1) and in the posterior aorta from 21+/−7 to 54+/

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4

ZINEBI, H., J. SIMMERS, and J. P. TRUCHOT. "A Peripheral Arterial O2-Sensitive Pathway to the Respiratory Oscillator of the Shore Crab Carcinus Maenas." Journal of Experimental Biology 148, no. 1 (1990): 181–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.148.1.181.

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Experiments on whole crab, Carcinus maenas, as well as on two types of isolated perfused preparationswere performed to locate the origin of the O2 chemosensitivity which drives hyperventilation in hypoxia and hypoventilation in hyperoxia. Electromyographic recordings from the scaphognathite muscles confirmed the existence of strong ventilatory responses in the whole animal exposed to various water oxygen levels. Furthermore, surgical section of the circumoesophageal connectivesdid not suppress these responses, thereby excluding the cerebral ganglia as the only site or relay for the O2 chemosen

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5

Decelle, Johan, Ann Andersen, and Stéphane Hourdez. "Morphological adaptations to chronic hypoxia in deep-sea decapod crustaceans from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps." Marine biology 157 (March 6, 2010): 1259–69. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-010-1406-8.

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Animals inhabiting hydrothermal vents and cold seeps face conditions that are challenging for survival. In particular these two habitats are characterized by chronic hypoxia, sometimes reaching complete anoxia. The characteristics of the scaphognathite and gills were studied in 4 species of shrimp and 3 species of crabs from hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, in order to highlight potential adaptations that could enhance oxygen acquisition in comparison to shallow-water relatives. All the vent and seep species studied here exhibit significantly larger scaphognathites, likely allowing more wate

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6

Yan, Yan, Liangmin Huang, and Suying Miao. "Occurrence of the epizoic barnacle Octolasmis angulata on the crab Charybdis feriatus from Daya Bay, China." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 3 (2004): 619–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404009646h.

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This is the first record of the epizoic barnacle (Octolasmis angulata) on the crab Charybdis feriatus. Prevalence of O. angulata was 85·7% and mean intensity of infestation was 59±64·5 (range 3–239). Prevalence and mean intensity of infestation increased with host size in the range 55–120 mm carapace width. Barnacles occurred most frequently on the gills, anterior branchial chamber wall in the epibranchial space, occasionally on the wall of the branchial chambers beneath the gills and on the scaphognathite within the branchial chambers. Most barnacles were observed on the hypobranchial surface

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7

Airriess, C., and B. Mcmahon. "CARDIOVASCULAR ADAPTATIONS ENHANCE TOLERANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HYPOXIA IN THE CRAB CANCER MAGISTER." Journal of Experimental Biology 190, no. 1 (1994): 23–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.190.1.23.

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Unrestrained crabs instrumented with probes for ultrasonic measurement of arterial haemolymph flow were subjected to 6 h of hypoxic exposure. During this interval, the inhalant O2 partial pressure was reduced in steps from 18 to 3 kPa. Measurement of haemolymph flow through all arteries leaving the heart allowed direct calculation of cardiac output, stroke volume and the distribution of cardiac output for both non-stressed and hypoxic animals. Resting levels of cardiac output were low compared with previously reported values for this and other species of decapod crustaceans. During exposure to

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8

JOSEPHSON, ROBERT K., and DARRELL R. STOKES. "The Contractile Properties of a Crab Respiratory Muscle." Journal of Experimental Biology 131, no. 1 (1987): 265–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.131.1.265.

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1. Contraction of scaphognathite muscle L2B of the green crab Carcinus maenas is strongly dependent on stimulus number and frequency. Single, supramaximal stimuli evoke little or no tension. When stimulated with shocks in either short bursts (10 stimuli in 0.5s or less) or long bursts (5 s of stimulation), the isometric tension from the muscle increases with increasing stimulus frequency to a maximum at about 150 Hz at 15°C, beyond which tension declines with further increase in stimulus frequency. 2. There can be facilitation of both contraction and relaxation between short bursts of stimuli.

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9

Haefner, Paul A. "Application of Ultrasound Technology To Crustacean Physiology; Monitoring Cardiac and Scaphognathite Rates in Brachyura." Crustaceana 69, no. 6 (1996): 788–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854096x00817.

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10

Oba, Takashi, Kooichi Konishi, and Seiji Goshima. "Larval and postlarval development of Pagurus nigrofascia (Decapoda: Anomura: Paguridae) reared in the laboratory." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 86, no. 6 (2006): 1407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315406014445.

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Zoeal, megalopal and first crab stages of Pagurus nigrofascia are described and illustrated from laboratory reared specimens. Larvae were reared at temperatures 6°C, 12°C, 18°C, and 25°C. Survival rates of larvae were considerably higher at 12°C and 18°C, but were low at 6°C and 25°C. Larvae and postlarvae of P. nigrofascia can be distinguished from seven morphologically similar species based on adult or larval morphological features. Zoeal stages of this species are distinguished by, for example, setal formulae of maxillule, maxilla and maxilliped 1. The megalopal stage can be identified by t

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11

HAMILTON, N. M., and D. F. HOULIHAN. "Respiratory and Circulatory Adjustments during Aquatic Treadmill Exercise in the European Shore Crab Carcinus Maenas." Journal of Experimental Biology 162, no. 1 (1992): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.162.1.37.

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Carcinus maenas (L.) were exercised using a novel design of aquatic treadmill respirometer. Tethered exercise was performed in sea water at 5.8 m min−1 for 5min. The rate of oxygen consumption and the heart and scaphognathite beat rates increased at the onset of exercise, reaching a steady state within 180 s. The estimated haemolymph flow rate rose 2.6-fold during exercise, achieved by a 1.8-fold increase in heart rate and a 1.5-fold increase in the estimated cardiac stroke volume. The haemolymph total oxygen content difference increased significantly during exercise. Haemolymph total carbon d

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12

de Oliveira, Danielly Brito, Jussara Moretto Martinelli, and Fernando Araújo Abrunhosa. "Description of early larval stages of Upogebia vasquezi (Gebiidea: Upogebiidae) reared in laboratory." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 92, no. 2 (2011): 335–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315411000956.

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Upogebia vasquezi inhabits the western Atlantic in the regions of southern Florida, the Bahamas, Central America and Brazil (from the States of Maranhão to São Paulo). Its occurrence has been extended to the coastal region of the State of Pará (northern Brazil). There are few descriptions of the larval development of the 116 known species of Upogebia. The present study offers the first description and illustrations of the first two larval stages (zoeas I and II) of U. vasquezi reared in laboratory. The larval features of U. vasquezi were compared with those of two other species of Upogebia, re

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13

Schmitt, A. S. C., and R. F. Uglow. "Effects of ambient ammonia levels on blood ammonia, ammonia excretion and heart and scaphognathite rates of Nephrops norvegicus." Marine Biology 127, no. 3 (1997): 411–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050028.

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14

GUERAO, GUILLERMO, ENRIQUE MACPHERSON, SARAH SAMADI, BERTRAND RICHER DE FORGES, and MARIE-CATHERINE BOISSELIER. "First stage zoeal descriptions of five Galatheoidea species from Western Pacific (Crustacea: Decapoda: Anomura)." Zootaxa 1227, no. 1 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1227.1.1.

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The first zoeal stages of the galatheids Neonida grandis, Agononida squamosa and Munida javieri, and the chirostylids Eumunida annulosa and E. capillata are described and illustrated from laboratory-hatched material obtained from ovigerous females collected from south western Pacific. The morphologies of the first zoeae are compared with the same larval stage of other known anomuran species. The larval characters of Agononida squamosa and Neonida grandis are similar to those described for Agononida incerta. Munida javieri exhibits features not present in other described species of Munida such

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15

O'Grady, Daniel F., Steven H. Jury, and Winsor H. Watson III. "Use of a treadmill to study the relationship between walking, ventilation and heart rate in the lobster Homarus americanus." Marine and Freshwater Research 52, no. 8 (2001): 1387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf01088.

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A passive treadmill was designed and built that measures the speed of lobster walking, while simultaneously recording heart and scaphognathite pumping rates. The treadmill only moved when the lobster voluntarily walked either forward or backward. Lobsters (n = 5) on the treadmill typically walked in bouts lasting an average of 5 min (range 8 s to 53 min). During these bouts, the mean walking rate was 0.9 0.6 m/min (n = 100 bouts from 5 lobsters), and the maximum speed recorded was 2.5 m/min. At the onset of walking, and sometimes 5–10 s before, the heart and ventilation rates rapidly increased

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16

PESSANI, D., T. TIRELLI, and S. FLAGELLA. "Key For The Identification Of Mediterranean Brachyuran Megalopae." Mediterranean Marine Science 5, no. 2 (2004): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.203.

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Based on larval literature, an identification key has been constructed for the megalopae of 55 species of Mediterranean Brachyura. This key is based mainly on external morphological characteristics visible, by using a microscope, limiting the necessity for dissection of specimens. Characteristics used include presence/absence of ornamentation on the carapace, number of abdominal somites, number and position of setae and/or spines on antennula, antenna, pereiopods and structure of uropods, etc. Partial dissection is only required to count the setae on the scaphognathite margin. Using the above

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17

STOKES, DARRELL R., and ROBERT K. JOSEPHSON. "The Mechanical Power Output of a Crab Respiratory Muscle." Journal of Experimental Biology 140, no. 1 (1988): 287–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.140.1.287.

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The mechanical power output was measured from scaphognathite (SG = gill bailer) muscle L2B of the crab Carcinus maenas (L.). The work was determined from the area of the loop formed by plotting muscle length against force when the muscle was subjected to sinusoidal length change (strain) and phasic stimulation in the length cycle. The stimulation pattern (10 stimuli per burst, burst length = 20% of cycle length) mimicked that which has been recorded from muscle L2B in intact animals. Work output was measured at cycle frequencies ranging from 0.5 to 5 Hz. The work output at optimum strain and s

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18

BARROS-ALVES, SAMARA DE PAIVA, EDUARDO ANTONIO JR BOLLA, RAFAEL DE CARVALHO SANTOS, DOUGLAS FERNANDES RODRIGUES ALVES, and GUSTAVO LUIS HIROSE. "Larval development of the crab Amphithrax hemphilli (Rathbun, 1892) (Decapoda, Brachyura, Mithracidae) described from laboratory-reared material." Zootaxa 5195, no. 6 (2022): 522–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5195.6.2.

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The complete larval development of Amphithrax hemphilli was described, illustrated, and compared with that of the previously described larvae of the genus Mithrax sensu lato. Specimens of A. hemphilli were sampled from the northeastern Brazilian coast. The larval development of A. hemphilli consisted of two zoeal stages and one megalopa. Amphithrax hemphilli shows morphological features in all stages of larval development that differ from those observed in other species of Amphithrax, Mithrax, and Maguimithrax. In the first larval stage, A. hemphilli was the only species with two aesthetascs o

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19

Turini, Tassia, Jéssica Colavite, Juan A. Bolaños, Jesús Enrique Hernández, Juan Antonio Baeza, and William Santana. "Larval development of the Caribbean king crab Maguimithrax spinosissimus (Lamarck, 1818), the largest brachyuran in the western Atlantic (Crustacea: Decapoda: Majoidea)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 101, no. 3 (2021): 577–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315421000515.

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AbstractThe complete larval development of the spider crab Maguimithrax spinosissimus (Lamarck, 1818) is re-described and illustrated in detail from laboratory-reared material. The development consisted of the typical pattern reported for the Majoidea, two zoeal stages and one megalopa. The complete larval development from hatching to first crab lasted 5–6 days at temperatures that ranged between 24–28 °C. Both zoeal stages of M. spinosissimus exhibited moderate reduction in the number of setae in the maxilla and maxillipeds, from the first to the second zoeal stage, when compared with other c

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20

JOSEPHSON, ROBERT K., and STOKES R. DARRELL. "Strain, Muscle Length and Work Output in a Crab Muscle." Journal of Experimental Biology 145, no. 1 (1989): 45–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.145.1.45.

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The relationships between muscle length, fractional change in length (strain) and work output during cyclic contraction were examined in scaphognathite levator muscle L2B of the green crab Carcinus maenas (L.). The muscle was subjected to sinusoidal strain at 2 Hz and to phasic stimulation in the strain cycle. At an average length and stimulus phase which are optimum for net work output, the work from muscle L2B during shortening rises to a peak or a plateau with increasing strain. The failure of shortening work to increase continuously with strain is due, in part, to the greater shortening ve

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21

Marques, Fernando, and Gerhard Pohle. "Laboratory-reared larval stages of Dissodactylus mellitae (Decapoda: Braohyura: Pinnotheridae) and developmental patterns within the Dissodactylus species complex." Canadian Journal of Zoology 74, no. 1 (1996): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z96-007.

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Eggs of Dissodactylus mellitae were incubated for 9–10 days at 28 °C and larval development consisted of three or four zoeal stages and a megalopa. Beginning with the first zoea, the mean duration of successive stages was 5, 3, 4, and 5 days, the first megalopa appearing 10 days after hatching. Among the megalopae obtained, 87% molted from a third zoea, whereas 13% passed through a fourth zoeal stage before metamorphosing to a megalopa. The last zoea is not considered a substage, since it showed no morphological variation, and molting resulted in growth and consistent morphological changes. Co

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22

Josephson, R. K., and D. R. Stokes. "The force-velocity properties of a crustacean muscle during lengthening." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 5 (1999): 593–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.5.593.

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Muscle force during active lengthening was characterized for scaphognathite levator muscle L2B from the crab Carcinus maenas. The muscle was tetanically stimulated and, during the peak of the contraction, stretched at constant velocity. The total strain was approximately 4 %, the strain rates ranged from 0.03 to 1.6 muscle lengths s-1 (L s-1), and the temperature was 15 degreesC. Force increased throughout stretch. During low-velocity stretch, up to approximately 0.3 L s-1, force rose during isovelocity stretch along an approximately exponential trajectory. The asymptotic force approached duri

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23

Cheng, Xin, Xiaolin Wang, Shunxing Jiang, and Alexander W. A. Kellner. "A new scaphognathid pterosaur from western Liaoning, China." Historical Biology 24, no. 1 (2012): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08912963.2011.635423.

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24

Carpenter, Kenneth, David Unwin, Karen Cloward, Clifford Miles, and Clark Miles. "A new scaphognathine pterosaur from the Upper Jurassic Morrison Formation of Wyoming, USA." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 217, no. 1 (2003): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2003.217.01.04.

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25

WILKENS, J. L., and R. E. YOUNG. "REGULATION OF PULMONARY BLOOD FLOW AND OF BLOOD PRESSURE IN A MANGROVE CRAB (GONIOPSIS CRUENTATA)." Journal of Experimental Biology 163, no. 1 (1992): 297–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.163.1.297.

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The air-breathing mangrove crab Goniopsis cruentata ventilates the branchial chambers with its scaphognathites (SG). Ventilation is predominantly in the forward direction, but is punctuated by bouts of reversed pumping. Reversals are more frequent when crabs are in air than in water, and yet more frequent during respiratory stress (hypoxia or exercise). Reversed SG pumping is tightly coupled with bursts of impulses to the dorsal-ventral muscles (DVM) which span the anterolateral thorax. Phasic contractions of the DVMs increase the hemolymph pressure in the dorsal sinuses. These pressure pulses

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26

MORRIS, S., H. H. TAYLOR, and P. GREENAWAY. "Adaptations to a Terrestrial Existence by the Robber Crab Birgus Latro: VII. The Branchial Chamber and its Role in Urine Reprocessing." Journal of Experimental Biology 161, no. 1 (1991): 315–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.161.1.315.

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The branchial chambers of the terrestrial anomuran Birgus latro L. were examined as potential sites for urine reprocessing. The antennal glands opened at the bases of the second antennae within the anterior extension of the branchial chambers. The adjacent mouth parts and scaphognathites and the cuticle lining the ventral folds of the branchiostegite bear hydrophilic hairs. The hairs retained urine in the branchial chamber and conducted it to either the gills or the mouth. Irrigation of the branchial chambers with artificial urine demonstrated the strong net uptakes of Na+ and cl− to be simila

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27

LÜ, JUNCHANG, DAVID M. UNWIN, BO ZHAO, CHUNLING GAO, and CAIZHI SHEN. "A new rhamphorhynchid (Pterosauria: Rhamphorhynchidae) from the Middle/Upper Jurassic of Qinglong, Hebei Province, China." Zootaxa 3158, no. 1 (2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3158.1.1.

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A heavily compressed, but nearly complete fossil skeleton recovered from the Middle/Upper Jurassic Tiaojishan Forma-tion of Mutoudeng, Qinglong County, Hebei Province, China, represents a new genus and species of long-tailed pterosaur,Qinglongopterus guoi gen. et sp. nov. The holotype and only known specimen has an estimated forelimb length of 0.18m. The new taxon is distinguished by a relatively short skull, a remarkably short pteroid with a distinctive knob-like distalexpansion, and a prepubis with a relatively slender distal process. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrates that Qinglongopter-us

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28

Xie, Jia-Min, Meng-Li Tsai, Tsen-Chien Chen, and Wen-Yi Wu. "A novel method for long-term ventilation recording of prawns and shrimps (Decapoda: Dendrobranchiata, Caridea) across molting cycle." Journal of Crustacean Biology 44, no. 4 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1093/jcbiol/ruae076.

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Abstract We developed a novel method for real-time recording of scaphognathite pumping in prawns using a 27-gauge, stainless-steel injection needle bent at three right angles as a recording electrode. This electrode was implanted into the inner side of the carapace at the anterior end of the gill chamber. During pumping, the small frictional contact between the scaphognathite and the electrode generated electrical signals that served as indicators of scaphognathite activity. The electrical signals accurately differentiated between forward and reverse pumping and the various scaphognathite pump

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29

Wilkens, J. L., and R. A. DiCaprio. "Effects of scaphognathite nerve stimulation on the acutely deafferented crab ventilatory central pattern generator." Journal of Comparative Physiology A 174, no. 2 (1994). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00193786.

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30

PESSANI, D., T. TIRELLI, and S. FLAGELLA. "Key For The Identification Of Mediterranean Brachyuran Megalopae." May 20, 2013. https://doi.org/10.12681/mms.203.

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Based on larval literature, an identification key has been constructed for the megalopae of 55 species of Mediterranean Brachyura. This key is based mainly on external morphological characteristics visible, by using a microscope, limiting the necessity for dissection of specimens. Characteristics used include presence/absence of ornamentation on the carapace, number of abdominal somites, number and position of setae and/or spines on antennula, antenna, pereiopods and structure of uropods, etc. Partial dissection is only required to count the setae on the scaphognathite margin. Using the above

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31

Wood, Chris M., and Beverly H. K. Po. "Exercise and emersion in air, and recovery in seawater in the green crab (Carcinus maenas): metabolic, acid-base, cardio-ventilatory, and ionoregulatory responses." Journal of Experimental Biology, May 23, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.244268.

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In nature, the green crab exhibits emersion and terrestrial activity at low tide. Treadmill exercise in air (20-23°C) of crabs acclimated to 32ppt seawater (13°C) revealed an inverse relationship between velocity and duration: 2.0 BL sec−1sustainable for several minutes, and 0.25 BL sec−1 for long periods. Fatigue was not due to dehydration. Physiological responses over 18-h recovery in seawater after near-exhaustive exercise (0.25 BL sec−1, 1h) in air were compared with responses after quiet emersion (1h) in air. Exercising crabs exhibited transient scaphognathite slowing and progressive incr

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Burgos, Lorelie A., and Gyo Itani. "Function of maxillipeds and first oostegites in bopyrid isopods inferred from behavioural observations of Bopyrus crangorum infesting Palaemon serrifer." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 104 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315424000596.

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Abstract The morphology of female bopyrids is adapted to parasitism, but understanding the function of their thoracic and mouth appendages is hindered by their small size and cryptic lifestyle, limiting detailed examination. This study aimed to clarify the function of the first oostegites and maxillipeds in bopyrid isopods infesting the branchial chamber of caridean shrimp through behavioural observations and morphological examination. We tested whether the movement of these structures was exclusive to ovigerous female parasites during brood ventilation. The results revealed that the beating o

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