Relevant bibliographies by topics / Scapula

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Academic literature on the topic 'Scapula'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Scapula"

1

Vijay. V.G, Lekshmy, and Ramakrishna Avadhani. "Correlation between Morphological Variations and Morphometry of Scapula and Suprascapular Notch with Its Clinical Significance in South Indian Population." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 3 (2022): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220340.

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Introduction: The biological profile is one of the most important things that forensic anthropologists accomplish in their work, which includes determination of age, sex, race and stature. These components aid in identification of an individual in forensic context. Since the beginning of the field of physical anthropology, anthropologists and anatomists have studied human remains in order to provide new and more accurate ways of building the biological profile. Aim: To compare the metric difference between right and left scapula, calculate scapular index, and to correlate the morphometry between the scapula and the suprascapular notch. Materials and Method: This study was carried out in 200 dry ossified adult human scapula bones collected from the Department of Anatomy and from the students of 1st year MBBS of Yenepoya Medical College. Study done using vernier calliper and measuring tape. Scapula having gross deformity or any pathological alterations were excluded from the study. Results and Discussion: Out of 100 right and left scapulae, maximal width and projection length of scapular spine and maximal length of coracoid process were more on the right sided scapula. The superior- transverse diameter of suprascapular notch, maximal depth of suprascapular notch, morphological length and width of scapula and scapular index were more on the left sided scapulae. The mean scapular index of right side scapula was 70.11 and left side was 70.26, which shows that the left scapula is slightly shorter than right. Also there were more scapulae with longer superior transverse diameter of suprascapular notch (STD>MD) with 52% than the scapulae with longer maximal depth of suprascapular notch (MD>STD) 24% and STD=MD was 9%. Absent notches were seen in 15% of scapulae. The superior transverse scapular ligament was completely ossified in 12% of cases. Both right and left scapula shows more of ‘U-shaped’ suprascapular notch. There was no statistically significant difference between anthropometric measurements of the group with higher maximal depth and the group with higher superior transverse diameter of the suprascapular notch. Conclusion: The scapular index was more in left scapula, which shows that left scapula is slightly shorter than the right scapula compared to other populations. This may be due to the difference in general built and stature of South Indians compared to other populations. Completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament can result in entrapment of suprascapular nerve. Keywords: Scapula, Suprascapular notch, Spine of scapula, Coracoid process.
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Shrestha, Amit, Gulam Anwer Khan, Ajeevan Gautam, and Shuvechha Shakya. "DETERMINATION OF SCAPULAR INDEX IN HUMAN SCAPULA." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 12, no. 4 (2022): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1122.

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Background: Scapula is the important flat bone which plays important role in movement of shoulder girdle. Scapular index can be used in comparative anatomy and manufacturing prosthetic products. Present study was carried out with objective to determine the scapular index. Methods: Fifty adult scapula were collected from Department of Anatomy, Chitwan Medical College for study. Gender and ethnicity of scapula were undefined. Bony landmarks are well located. Scapular breadths and lengths were measured using digital vernier caliper. Scapular index was calculated. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS 16 software. Results: Among the fifty scapulae, 52% contributes right sided scapula and 48% left sided scapula. Mean and standard deviation for scapular breadth were 95.84 mm and 3.843 mm respectively. Maximum number (48%) of scapula was found in the range of 90-< 95 mm breadth followed by 95-<100 mm (19%) and 100-<105 mm (14%). Mean and standard deviation for scapular length was 129.28 mm and 11.83 mm respectively. Maximum (22%) of scapula was found in range of 120-<125 mm followed by 125-<135 mm (18%) and 135-150mm (5%). Mean and standard deviation for scapular index were 75.32 mm and& 7.32 mm respectively. Maximum value (46%) of scapular index was found in the range of 70-<75% followed by 65-<70% (16%); 80-85% (14%); 90-<95% (10%); 60-65% (4%) and 85-90% (2%). Conclusions: Scapular breadth, length and indices like scapular index can be used in comparative anatomy and manufacturing prosthetic products and procedure like prosthesis positioning.
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Jani, Dhwani, and Bhavna Gadhavi. "Correlation between Scapular Dyskinesia and Endurance of Rotator-Cuff Muscles in Non-Symptomatic Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia in Ahmedabad, Gujarat - An Observational Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 12 (2022): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20221212.

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The position and motion of the scapula are closely interrelated with motion of the arm to accomplish most of the shoulder function. The scapula plays many roles in normal shoulder function which requires control of static and dynamic position of scapula. For maintaining the good kinematics of the scapula and the surrounding structures, the movement of the scapula must be synchronized. The dynamic muscle function is the major method by which the scapula is stabilized and purposefully moved to accomplish its role. Alteration of normal positioning of the scapula can lead to altered biomechanics of the shoulder as well. When there is weakness in scapulae musculature, the normal scapular position and mechanics gets altered leading to scapular dyskinesis. Scapular dyskinesis can also reduce rotator cuff strength and increase the rotator cuff strain. The study was carried out to find the correlation between scapular dyskinesis and endurance of the rotator cuff muscles in non-symptomatic individuals with scapular dyskinesia. Around 900 non-symptomatic subjects aged 18 to 25 years of both the genders from different colleges and hostels from Ahmedabad were assessed for the presence of scapular dyskinesia. Out of these about 402 subjects were found to have scapular dyskinesis. Those non symptomatic young adults were scanned for the presence of the scapular dyskinesis with the help of Modified Lateral Scapular Slide Test (MLSST). The subjects with scapular dyskinesis were included in the study, the type of dyskinesia was also ruled out. The subjects were than assessed for the strength of the rotator cuff muscles by using hand held dynamometer. The 25% weight of the best of three reading of strength of external rotation was given to assess the endurance of the rotator cuff in modified base position. The time holding an isometric contraction in modified base position was recorded in seconds. The correlation between the scapular dyskinesia and the endurance of the rotator cuff was analysed. The results suggest that amongst 402 subjects, there is significant but weak correlation between scapular dyskinesis and endurance of rotator cuff muscle in both dominant and the non-dominant arm. Key words: Scapular dyskinesis, Endurance, Rotator cuff Muscles, External Rotation .
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Kim, Eugene, Taedong Jang, Hee Jin Park, et al. "In vivo three-dimensional scapular kinematic alterations after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, no. 2 (2020): 230949902092197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499020921979.

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Background: In vivo three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of the scapula after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) have been sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze static and dynamic kinematic alterations of the scapula after rTSA in vivo with the use of computer-aided 3D reconstruction program. Methods: A total of 15 patients with cuff tear arthropathy treated by rTSA participated. Scapulae with rTSA and the contralateral scapulae were evaluated with computed tomography scan data in 0° and 120° forward flexion positions of the glenohumeral joint. To examine static scapular kinematic alterations, the angular position and distance from the thorax were evaluated in the shoulder neutral position. 3D rotational and translational movements of the scapula in relation to the thorax were also measured during arm elevation to evaluate dynamic scapular kinematic alterations. Results: Scapulae with rTSA were more anteriorly tilted in the sagittal plane and more internally rotated in the axial plane than were the contralateral scapulae. However, no significant differences were observed in the upward rotated position in the coronal plane or in the distance from the thorax in any plane between the scapulae with rTSA and the contralateral scapulae. In dynamic analyses, upward rotational movement in the coronal plane, external rotation in the axial plane, and posterior tilting in the sagittal plane showed significant differences between the scapulae with rTSA and the contralateral scapulae during elevation. In contrast, translational movements in coordination revealed no statistical differences between the two scapular groups except for lateral translation. Conclusion: Data from the 3D reconstruction program showed that rTSA might result in static positional changes and dynamic movement alterations. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic, IV
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Afiq, MA, B. Norhaslinda, Z. Rizal, and A. Rauf. "Gleno-humeral Joint Functional Outcome in Displaced Scapular Body Fracture Treated with Anatomical Scapula Plate: 2 case series." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 5_suppl5 (2020): 2325967120S0008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00080.

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Introduction: The gleno-humeral (GH) or shoulder joint complexity of its biomechanics had been subjected for a number of study for many years. The ability of the shoulder joint to have multiple degrees of motion is contributed by the interaction between the structures surrounding the joint which maintain its stability. Methods: We report 2 cases of displaced scapular body fracture in our trauma centre fixed using anatomical scapular plate. Both underwent surgery within 3 weeks after their accident, using modified Judet approach and used implant from the same provider. All patients were followed up at 6, 12 , 18 and 72 weeks. At 6 months post operation the motion of the gleno-humeral joint were assessed. The functional status and pain score were joint also assessed using QuickDASH score and Visual Analogue Scale respectively. Results: Active shoulder range of motion, QuickDASH and VAS score are shown in Table 1. Lower QuickDASH score have better functional outcome while lower VAS score indicate lesser pain experience. [Table: see text] Discussions: Scapulo-thoracic joint also important in gleno-humeral joint motion. Scapulothoracic motion allows shoulder movement beyond initial 120o provided by the glenohumeral joint1. This coordinated movement between the scapula-thoracic and glenohumeral joint is termed as scapula-thoracic rhythm2. Displaced scapula fracture will affect the function of the scapula-thoracic rhtym. Scapula bone has uneven bony mass distribution. Anatomical scapular plate is a pre-contoured implant which is specially designed to meet the morphology of the scapula bone. Restoration of the anatomy of the scapula is very important since it will restore the scapula-thoracic rhythm and thus gleno-humeral joint function. Conclusion: In our short follow up, displaced scapular body fracture shows good gleno-humeral joint functional outcome when treated with anatomical scapula plate. Scapula bone plays important role in maintaining the biomechanics of gleno-humeral joint. References: 1. Terry GC, Chopp TM. Functional anatomy of the shoulder. J Athlet Train 2000;35(3):248–55. 2.Halder AM, Itoi E, An K. Anatomy and biomechanics of the shoulder. Orthop Clin NA 2000;31(2).
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Charilaou, Johan, Roopam Dey, Marilize Burger, Sudesh Sivarasu, Ruan van Staden, and Stephen Roche. "Quantitative fit analysis of acromion fracture plating systems using three-dimensional reconstructed scapula fractures – A multi-observer study." SICOT-J 7 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2021028.

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Introduction: Surgical treatment of displaced acromial and scapula spine fractures may be challenging due to the bony anatomy and variable fracture patterns. This difficulty is accentuated by the limitations of the available scapular plates for fracture fixation. This study compares the quantitative fitting of anatomic scapular plates and clavicle plates, using three-dimensional (3D) printed fractured scapulae. Methods: Fourteen scapulae with acromion and spine fractures were used for this study. Computerized tomographic (CT) scans of the fractured scapulae were obtained from the Philips picture archiving and communication system (PACS) database of patients admitted to a tertiary teaching hospital in Cape Town, South Africa between 2012 and 2016. The reconstructed scapulae were 3D printed and the anatomical acromion and clavicle plates were templated about the fracture regions. The fit assessment was performed by five observers who classified the plates as no-fit, intermediate fit, and anatomical fit according to the surgical guidelines. Results: The 6-hole anterior clavicle plate performed better than any of the scapular plates as they were able to fit 45.7% of the fractured acromion, including the spine. Among the pre-contoured anatomical scapula plates, both the short and the long acromion plates could fit only 27.3% of the fractured acromion. The intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.965 suggesting excellent consensus among the five observers. Conclusion: Clavicle plates were found to be better suited to fit around a scapula fracture in its acromion and spine region.
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Torrens, Carlos, Monica Corrales, Gemma Gonzalez, Alberto Solano, and Enrique Caceres. "Morphology of the Scapula Relative to the Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 17, no. 2 (2009): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/230949900901700204.

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Purpose. To analyse the morphology of the scapula relative to the reverse shoulder prosthesis. Methods. Scapulas of 46 women and 27 men aged 16 to 84 (mean, 53) years with proximal humeral fractures (n=52) or recurrent antero-inferior instability (n=21) were assessed using 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT). For comparison, 108 cadaveric scapulas with unknown epidemiology were assessed using a goniometer and a caliper. The length of the glenoid neck, the angle between the glenoid surface and the upper posterior column of the scapula, and the angles between the major craneocaudal glenoid axis and (1) the base of the coracoid process and (2) the upper posterior column of the scapula were assessed. Results. The length of the glenoid neck was classified into short and long. In the respective CT and cadaveric groups, the anterior glenoid neck was short in 42% and 18% of scapulas and long in 58% and 82%, whereas the posterior glenoid neck was short in 34% and 60% of scapulas and long in 66% and 40%. The angle between the glenoid surface and the upper posterior column of the scapula was classified into types I (50°–52°) and II (62°–64°). In the respective CT and cadaveric groups, 61% and 71% of scapulas were type I and 39% and 29% were type II. All differences between groups were significant. The mean angles between the major craneocaudal glenoid axis and (1) the base of the coracoid process and (2) the upper posterior column of the scapula were 18° and 8°, respectively. Conclusion. Because of variations in scapular morphology, individualised adjustment is needed for reverse shoulder prostheses. Three-dimensional CT is valuable in preoperative planning.
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Bet-Or, Yaheli, Wolbert van den Hoorn, Venerina Johnston, and Shaun O’Leary. "Reliability and Validity of an Acromion Marker Cluster for Recording Scapula Posture at End Range Clavicle Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, and Depression." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 5 (2017): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0058.

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Acromion marker cluster (AMC) methods have been shown to accurately track scapula motion during humeral elevation below 90°, however, their accuracy has not been assessed in shoulder girdle motion such as clavicle protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression independent of humeral movement. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the AMC method to record scapula orientation at end range clavicle protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression. The right scapulae of 22 female and 20 male asymptomatic volunteers were assessed with an AMC and scapula locator (SL) method during end range clavicle protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression (without humeral elevation) using an 8-camera 3D movement registration system. Measurements recorded from the AMC and SL measures showed fair to excellent agreement (ICC 0.4–0.92). While the AMC method overestimated and underestimated scapular motion in some planes compared to the SL, root mean square error between methods were low for scapular internal/external rotation (2.3–3.7°), upward/downward rotation (4.5–6.6°), and anterior/posterior tilt (3.2–5.1°), across all conditions. The AMC method was shown to be a reliable and valid measurement of scapula orientation at end range clavicle movements independent of humeral movement.
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Tahal, Dimitri S., J. Christoph Katthagen, Daniel Cole Marchetti, et al. "A Cadaveric Model Evaluating the Influence of Bony Anatomy and the Effectiveness of Partial Scapulectomy on Decompression of the Scapulothoracic Space in Snapping Scapula Syndrome." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 6 (2017): 1276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516687755.

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Background: Snapping scapula syndrome (SSS) is caused by bony and/or soft tissue impingement in the scapulothoracic articulation. Surgical resection of the superomedial angle (SMA) plus bursectomy can provide relief in most cases; however, the amount needed to achieve adequate scapulothoracic space decompression (SSD) is unknown. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of partial scapulectomy and the influence of bony anatomy on SSD. It was hypothesized that the anterior offset and costomedial angle would correlate with the amount of bony resection needed to achieve adequate SSD. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: Twenty pairs (n = 40) of shoulder specimens (mean age, 58 years [range, 41-64 years]; 10 male and 10 female specimens) were included. The scapula shape, medial scapula corpus angle (MSCA), anterior offset, and costomedial angle were obtained from computed tomography scans. Specimens were dissected, and each bare bony scapula was rigidly mounted. Points were collected using a 3-dimensional measuring arm. An SMA point and theoretical resection points (incremental 1-cm points up to 3 cm) proceeding laterally and medially were collected. The scapular plane was interpolated using points from the posterior scapular body. The horizontal distances of the anterior offset and each resection point to the scapular plane were calculated. The difference between the native anterior offset and the offset after resection represented the SSD. Adequate SSD was set at 5 mm. One-way analyses of variance and Pearson correlations were used with statistical significance set at P < .05. Results: The maximum SSD with 3-cm resection was significantly correlated with the anterior offset ( R = 0.83, P < .001) as well as the costomedial angle ( R = −0.43, P = .006) but not the MSCA ( R = −0.11, P = .495) or scapula shape ( F2,37 = 0.39, P = .681). For the 5 scapulae with an anterior offset of less than 20 mm, a 5-mm SSD was not achieved. For 18 of 30 (60%) scapulae with an anterior offset between 20 mm and 35 mm, 3-cm resection provided at least a 5-mm SSD. For the 5 scapulae with an anterior offset of greater than 35 mm, 2-cm resection resulted in at least a 5-mm SSD in all cases. Conclusion: The anterior offset of the scapula appeared to be the most important bony parameter to consider during preoperative planning and the evaluation of SSD with partial scapulectomy. Clinical Relevance: The results of this study may help surgeons with preoperative planning of surgical decompression of the scapulothoracic space for patients with symptomatic SSS.
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Chang, So-Youn, Hee Young Lim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Jung-Woo Choi, Yong-Seok Nam, and Jong In Lee. "Surface anatomy and levator scapulae muscle injection: A cadaveric investigation." Medicine 103, no. 25 (2024): e38598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000038598.

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Accurate detection of the levator scapulae muscle is critical for effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The commonly used surface anatomy approach has not been validated and is less accurate than ultrasound-guided techniques. Therefore, we determined the needle insertion point for the levator scapulae using a new technique based on the anatomy of the scapula. This investigation used 15 fresh-frozen cadavers to explore the relationship between the acromial angle and medial tip of the scapular spine (O) of the scapular spine. Based on the x-axis (the distance [L] from Point O to point acromial angle) and the y-axis perpendicular to the x-axis passing through Point O, the barycentric coordinates were determined through the intersections of each axis and the superior angle of the scapula with the levator scapulae. Various ratios involving the established distance L) were ascertained, we compared the measurements and ratios between the male and female groups, and the accuracy of the new technique was compared with the conventional technique. The optimal site of the new technique was within 6 to 7% of distance L on the x-axis and 42 to 44% of distance L on the y-axis. This technique was significantly more accurate than the conventional technique (P = .006). Although ultrasound allows for accurate injections via real-time visualization, its unavailability in some cases highlights the importance of understanding surface anatomy landmarks. Our new technique, based on the anatomy of the scapula and relative measurements, is more accurate than the conventional technique. This should enable more precise detection of the levator scapulae for accurate and efficient diagnostic and therapeutic procedures.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scapula"

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TRIPOTEAU, VINCENT. "Les fractures de scapula." Nantes, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992NANT132M.

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Vizza, Sarah Lynn Myers Joseph B. "A prediction of SICK Scapula Syndrome Score from scapular stabilizer muscle activation analysis in overhead athletes." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1836.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art in the Department of Exercise & Sport Science in the College of Arts & Sciences." Discipline: Exercise and Sports Science; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.
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Tankersley, Karen Myers Joseph B. "The predictive relationship between scapular kinematics and athlete's score on the SICK Scapula Static Measurements Scale." Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,1904.

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Thesis (M.A.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008.<br>Title from electronic title page (viewed Dec. 11, 2008). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Arts in the Department of Exercise and Sport Science Athletic Training." Discipline: Exercise and Sports Science; Department/School: Exercise and Sport Science.
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Roren, Alexandra. "Evaluation tridimensionnelle du complexe scapulo-huméral et du rachis cervical : méthodologie d'évaluation et applications cliniques." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012STET006T.

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Le but de ce travail est d’améliorer les techniques de mesure cinématique tridimensionnelle (3D) afin d’étudier les schémas cinématiques du complexe de l’épaule et du rachis cervical chez des sujets sains et pathologiques. La première partie de ce travail propose un rappel d’anatomie fonctionnelle, une revue de la littérature de la cinématique du complexe scapulo-huméral et une mise au point sur les techniques de mesure de ces deux complexes articulaires. La deuxième partie de ce travail a pour objectif d’évaluer à partir d’études cliniques originales : - la reproductibilité des techniques de mesure des rotations des complexes scapulo-huméral et cervical et d’en proposer une amélioration par une analyse simultanée des translations du barycentre de la scapula ainsi que par la mesure couplée des deux complexes articulaire. - les schémas cinématiques de la scapula dans différents modèles de pathologies ostéo-articulaires au cours de gestes analytiques et fonctionnels. En conclusion, ce travail de thèse met en évidence : une variabilité intra-individuelle dans la capacité à reproduire un mouvement à l’identique avec le membre supérieur et à conserver la même précision dans le repositionnement de la tête. - des mouvements de translation 3D de la scapula, dont certains de grande amplitude, associés aux rotations des mouvements de faible amplitude du rachis cervical associés aux mouvements du membre supérieur en faveur de son rôle proprioceptif. - des schémas cinématiques scapulaires spécifiques : - de la lésion neurologique en cas de scapula alata dynamique. - de la nature fonctionnelle de la tâche en cas de pathologies ostéo-articulaires communes<br>The aim of this work was to improve the methods of kinematic assessment of the shoulder complex and of the cervical spine in order to improve understanding of scapular and cervical spine kinematics in asymptomatic and symptomatic subjects. The first part of this work provides a reminder of functional anatomy, a literature review of the 3D kinematics of the shoulder complex and issues relating to measurement techniques of both articular complexes. The second part is based on original clinical studies assessing: - the reliability of the measurement techniques of the rotations of both articular complexes and their enhancement by addition of scapular translations and the coupled mobility of the cervical spine and shoulder complexes. - the patterns of scapular kinematic in different ostéo-articular pathologies In conclusion, this work highlights: - intra-individual variability in the ability to reproduce a movement with the upper arm and in the accuracy of repositioning the head . -3D scapular translations (some with large ranges) associated with scapular rotations. - small movements of the cervical spine associated with upper limb movements relating to the proprioceptive role of the cervical. - spine specific scapular kinematic patterns depending on: - neurological lesions in the case of dynamic scapula alata, - the type of movement in common osteo articular pathologies
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Pais, Juliana de Madureira. "Avaliação da fiabilidade e qualidade metodológica dos testes clínicos da escápula: uma revisão bibliográfica." Bachelor's thesis, [s.n.], 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4973.

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Projeto de Graduação apresentado à Universidade Fernando Pessoa como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Licenciada em Fisioterapia<br>O ombro é das articulações mais acometidas em termos de lesão, e uma das mais desafiantes em termos clínicos para os fisioterapeutas, pela sua complexidade elevada e pela inclusão da escápula, que por ser uma estrutura com comportamento tridimensional e por várias razões difícil de seguir. Graças a isto, a escápula tem vindo a ser alvo de vários estudos de forma a compreender qual o papel que desempenha nas disfunções do complexo articular do ombro. O seu posicionamento, quer em repouso quer em movimento, tem suscitado muitas questões relativamente à forma como é avaliada: em termos observacionais, com medições, ou com equipamentos de análise cinemática tridimensional são múltiplos os testes clínicos/ortopédicos a serem utilizados na sua avaliação, no entanto a sua fiabilidade é ainda muito questionada na comunidade científica e clínica. Desta forma, esta revisão bibliográfica pretendeu identificar quais os testes mais fiáveis para utilizar na prática clínica diária. Dela concluímos que os testes clínicos/ortopédicos ainda não recolhem o total apoio da comunidade científica de modo a que sejam utilizados sem que seja imperioso o recurso à imagiologia, por exemplo. No entanto, estes testes são tidos como um componente importante no diagnóstico uma vez que facultam informação acerca do estado muscular e alterações na sinergia do movimento normal da escápula.<br>The shoulder is one of the most affected and challenging joints in clinical practice for physiotherapists, because of its high complexity and its relationship with the scapula which is a three-dimensional structure and its behavior is difficult to study. Because of it scapula has been a target of several studies in order to understand its role in shoulder disorders. Scapula positioning, either at rest or in motion, has raised many questions of how it is evaluated: in observational terms with measurements, or three-dimensional kinematic analysis equipment and clinical/orthopedic tests, however their reliability is still questioned in the scientific and clinical community. Thus, this literature review sought to identify the most reliable tests for use in daily clinical practice. We concluded that the clinical/orthopedic tests still not collect full support to scientific community. However, these tests are considered an important ally in the diagnosis since they provide information about the status and changes in normal muscle synergy movement of the scapula.
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Brackbill, Elizabeth. "A novel method of scapular tracking using tissue deformation." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 69 p, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1605135931&sid=3&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Delaware, 2008.<br>Principal faculty advisors: James G. Richards, College of Health Sciences; and Susan J. Hall, Dept. of Health, Nutrition and Exercise Sciences. Includes bibliographical references.
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Prinold, Joe. "The scapula in musculoskeletal modelling of extreme activities." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11103.

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This thesis presents a musculoskeletal model that predicts the muscle and joint forces in the upper limb during an extreme activity. The scapula is an important link in the kinematic and dynamic chain of the upper limb; with its muscles acting as the primary stabilisers to the inherently unstable glenohumeral joint, thus allowing effective transmission of load through the kinematic chain of the shoulder. This bone is poorly represented in musculoskeletal models during these activities. Large soft-­‐tissue artefacts are a key reason for this. The shoulder is particularly prone to injury in overhead activities of the upper limb. Heavily loaded activities in these positions are of interest because they represent a limit, in that few people are capable of performing them. Pull-­‐ups are a common training activity that involve the movement of a large load with the arms overhead. Predicting the forces involved in such an activity allows a testing of current model limits and hypotheses on the function and biomechanics of the scapula. A novel methodology to track the dynamically moving scapula is validated using motion capture technology. This method is shown to improve measurement accuracy when compared to the literature. Kinematics of the scapula and upper limb are thus measured, presented and discussed for three types of pull-­‐up activity. The modelling aspects of the work build on a previous upper limb model, primarily adapting the kinematics representation. This better respects the measured kinematics through a relaxation of the closed-­‐chain mechanism as well as improving the ability to non-­‐homogeneously scale the model. The inverse dynamics description is modified to allow a variable hand load, muscle wrapping parameters and changed to prevent sudden unphysiological changes in moment arms and muscle bounds are increased to allow equilibrium to be reached with the inter-­‐segmental moments. Musculoskeletal loads are thus presented using a model that allows the dynamic analysis of extreme activities. Eccentric loading of the supraspinatus, deltoid and triceps was found to exist in potentially vulnerable positions, coinciding with a high incidence of impingement injury in pull-­‐up type activities. The glenohumeral joint reaction force is seen to be more centralised with a general increase in rotator cuff activation, although teres major and posterior deltoid seem to be key stabilisers. Pectoralis major was detrimental to stability, highlighting the importance of the scapula in positioning muscles during overhead activities. Comparison of model predictions with literature EMG results show good agreement.
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Barnett, Nicholas David. "Measurement and modelling of three dimensional scapulohumeral kinematics." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/3588.

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The term scapulohumeral rhythm is commonly used to describe the two dimensional rotation of the scapula accompanying motion of the arm. Despite the development of a variety of measurement techniques, including radiography, goniometry and three dimensional digitisation, the complete three dimensional kinematics of the scapula have never been presented. Nor have the effects of arm motions outside elevation in the coronal, sagittal or scapula planes been considered. Employing the Isotrak®" electromagnetic measurement system, this study has developed and validated a new method to simultaneously measure the three dimensional kinematics of the scapula and humerus. Euler angle rotations of the· scapu·lawere defined in a sequence approximately analogous to clinical definitions. For the first time, the three dimensional displacements of the scapula have also been determined. 950/0 confidence intervals for lateral rotation of the scapula during humeral elevation in the coronal plane have been calculated at under 4°, Significantly smaller than those presented by previous authors. A mathematical model of three dimensional scapulohumeral kinematics has been developed, capable of predicting the position and orientation of the scapula for a given orientation of the humerus over a wide range of humeral motion. Using this model system, the effects of humeral azimuth, elevation and rotation on the kinematics of the scapula have been investigated. Humeral elevation was seen to have the largest effect, causing the scapula to rotate laterally, retract and tip backwards. Humeral azimuth. has no noticeable effect on the lateral rotation of the scapula, although it causes the scapula to retract, and to tip backwards slightly. Rotation of the humerus has littre effect on the kinematics of the scapula. However, when approaching maximal internal rotation, the ligaments around the glenohumeral joint impose a kinematic constraint on the scapula, resulting in elevation of the scapula upon the thoracic cage.
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Namayega, Catherine. "A deep learning algorithm for contour detection in synthetic 2D biplanar X-ray images of the scapula: towards improved 3D reconstruction of the scapula." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/32542.

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Three-dimensional (3D) reconstruction from X-ray images using statistical shape models (SSM) provides a cost-effective way of increasing the diagnostic utility of two-dimensional (2D) X-ray images, especially in low-resource settings. The landmark-constrained model fitting approach is one way to obtain patient-specific models from a statistical model. This approach requires an accurate selection of corresponding features, usually landmarks, from the bi-planar X-ray images. However, X-ray images are 2D representations of 3D anatomy with super-positioned structures, which confounds this approach. The literature shows that detection and use of contours to locate corresponding landmarks within biplanar X-ray images can address this limitation. The aim of this research project was to train and validate a deep learning algorithm for detection the contour of a scapula in synthetic 2D bi-planar Xray images. Synthetic bi-planar X-ray images were obtained from scapula mesh samples with annotated landmarks generated from a validated SSM obtained from the Division of Biomedical Engineering, University of Cape Town. This was followed by the training of two convolutional neural network models as the first objective of the project; the first model was trained to predict the lateral (LAT) scapula image given the anterior-posterior (AP) image. The second model was trained to predict the AP image given the LAT image. The trained models had an average Dice coefficient value of 0.926 and 0.964 for the predicted LAT and AP images, respectively. However, the trained models did not generalise to the segmented real X-ray images of the scapula. The second objective was to perform landmark-constrained model fitting using the corresponding landmarks embedded in the predicted images. To achieve this objective, the 2D landmark locations were transformed into 3D coordinates using the direct linear transformation. The 3D point localization yielded average errors of (0.35, 0.64, 0.72) mm in the X, Y and Z directions, respectively, and a combined coordinate error of 1.16 mm. The reconstructed landmarks were used to reconstruct meshes that had average surface-to-surface distances of 3.22 mm and 1.72 mm for 3 and 6 landmarks, respectively. The third objective was to reconstruct the scapula mesh using matching points on the scapula contour in the bi-planar images. The average surface-to-surface distances of the reconstructed meshes with 8 matching contour points and 6 corresponding landmarks of the same meshes were 1.40 and 1.91 mm, respectively. In summary, the deep learning models were able to learn the mapping between the bi-planar images of the scapula. Increasing the number of corresponding landmarks from the bi-planar images resulted into better 3D reconstructions. However, obtaining these corresponding landmarks was non-trivial, necessitating the use of matching points selected from the scapulae contours. The results from the latter approach signal a need to explore contour matching methods to obtain more corresponding points in order to improve the scapula 3D reconstruction using landmark-constrained model fitting.
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Ekelund, Gustaf, and Sebastian Andersson. "Jack The Gripper : Fixationsplatta för typ 3-frakturer på scapula." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Akademin för ekonomi, teknik och naturvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-34081.

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Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty (rTSA) is an increasingly common approach to treating different shoulder injuries. The rTSA results in increased force from m. deltoideus which originates from acromion. However, postoperative fractures on the scapula have occurred in some cases. These fractures are divided into 3 different types depending on where the fracture occurs. There is no recommended treatment for type 3 fractures. This project is a product development project with the purpose to find a solution to the fixation problem of type 3 fractures.To reach the project goal, the group has used well-known and proven product development methods, calculations, FEM analyzes and a model assembly analysis. The concept development was performed by interviewing orthopedics who have a lot of experience with rTSA and osteosynthesis related to these fractures. A prototype, which shows the features of the fixation plate, was made using 3D printers.The result of this project has provided a fixation plate that meets the groups requirements and has features that a modern fixation plate has today. In addition, two types of extra plates mounted on the fixation plate to the thin structure of spina scapula, was developed to counteract the axial force. The fixation plate shows excellent results on the FEM analyzes and assembly analysis performed on a scapula model. The prototype has also been given good testimonials from the orthopedics who participated in the project.
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Books on the topic "Scapula"

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Pires, Robinson Esteves, Pedro José Labronici, and Vincenzo Giordano, eds. Fractures of the Scapula. Springer International Publishing, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-58498-5.

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Kibler, W. Ben, and Aaron D. Sciascia, eds. Disorders of the Scapula and Their Role in Shoulder Injury. Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-53584-5.

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Kuhn, Melissa K. A method of sex determination from the scapula in modern American forensics. National University, 2015.

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Fox, Robert J. The Brown Scapular Immaculate Heart Messenger Catholic Magazine October-December 2008: The Brown Scapular. Fatima Family Apostolate International, 2008.

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Bouchard, Francoise. Les scapulaires: Ces habits qui nous viennent du ciel. Résiac, 2003.

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Monfrecola, Vincenzo. La stagione degli scapoli. Gargoyle, 2014.

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Baruzzi, Agnese. Quando scappa scappa!: Un libro che puzza dall'inizio alla fine... Fatatrac, 2004.

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L, Tu̇dėv, ed. Dalny tol :́: Dal talbikhuĭ, scapulimancy, omoplatoscopia, gadanie po lopatke. Urlakh Ėrdėm Khėvlėliĭn Gazar, 2000.

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Zawada, Marian. Tren królewskiej szaty: Teologiczne aspekty szkaplerza karmelitańskiego. Wydawn. Karmelitów Bosych, 2000.

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MacDonald, Rod. Dive Scapa Flow. 3rd ed. Mainstream, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Scapula"

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Wich, M., and O. Turan. "Scapula." In Frakturen. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-72512-1_21.

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Bab, Itai, Carmit Hajbi-Yonissi, Yankel Gabet, and Ralph Müller. "Scapula." In Micro-Tomographic Atlas of the Mouse Skeleton. Springer US, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-39258-5_10.

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Spadafore, Stephen M., Michelle Wolcott, and Darcy Selenke. "Scapula." In Sports-related Fractures, Dislocations and Trauma. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36790-9_13.

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Cole, Peter A., and Lisa K. Schroder. "Scapula." In Evidence-Based Orthopedics. Wiley-Blackwell, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781444345100.ch39.

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Anderson-Sembach, Suzanne E., Rainer Erlemann, Peter Choong, and Gernot Jundt. "Scapula." In Medical Radiology. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-77984-1_32.

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Bilo, Rob A. C., Simon G. F. Robben, and Rick R. van Rijn. "Scapula." In Forensic Aspects of Paediatric Fractures. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12041-1_10.

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Van Ost, Lynn. "Scapula." In Cram Session in Manual Muscle Testing. Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003523444-3.

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Wich, M., and O. Turan. "Scapula." In Frakturen auf einen Blick. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-27429-9_21.

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Bährle-Rapp, Marina. "Scapula." In Springer Lexikon Kosmetik und Körperpflege. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71095-0_9140.

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Panayiotou Charalambous, Charalambos. "Snapping Scapula." In The Shoulder Made Easy. Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98908-2_48.

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Conference papers on the topic "Scapula"

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Gray, Ross J., Robbie Wilson, Ewan J. Dolier, et al. "A laser-driven ion beamline at SCAPA." In Laser Acceleration of Electrons, Protons, and Ions VIII, edited by Gabriele M. Grittani, Stepan S. Bulanov, and Charlotte A. Palmer. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3056373.

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Yimam, Habtamu M., Roopam Dey, Stephen J. L. Roche, and Sudesh Sivarasu. "Design and Development of Novel Anatomical Scapular Fracture Fixation Plates: Population-Based and Fracture-Focused Design." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1027.

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Abstract Surgical fixation is a recommended procedure for displaced and unstable scapular fractures to restore anatomical alignment and articular congruency of the fracture fragments. Anatomically Precontoured scapular plates are designed to guide the fracture reduction, used as a template, and stabilize the fixation. However, anatomical variation of the scapula and the complexity of the fracture patterns limit the usability of these plates. The aim of this study was to design and develop population-based novel anatomical scapular plates. An average three-dimensional (3D) scapular bone model was developed from 22 healthy cadaver scapulae of target population (South Africans) using Statistical Shape Modelling (SSM) method. The fracture region of interests was identified using a fracture map of 70 scapular fracture patterns. Using the average 3D scapular model as a reference template and the common fracture zones as a reference fracture pattern, anatomical plates were designed for the critical scapula fracture patterns. Lateral border, medial border, glenoid fossa &amp; neck, glenoid fossa &amp; body, and acromion plates were designed. Combining 3D CT image based statistical shape modelling and fracture pattern analysis with CAD is relatively quick and efficient method to develop clinically meaningful population-based anatomical plates.
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Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen D., Andrew Y. Park, James Guido DiStefano, Jenni M. Buckley, William H. Montgomery, and Christopher D. Grimsrud. "Congruency of Scapula Locking Plates: Implications for Implant Design." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19117.

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While often treated non-operatively, certain displaced scapular fractures have shown improved clinical results with open reduction and internal fixation [1, 2]. Common methods of internal fixation for fractures of the scapula include non-locking and locking fracture plates. Locking scapula plate designs have several advantages over other repair techniques. First, they are site-specific and pre-contoured, which reduces soft-tissue irritation. Soft-tissue irritation is a common patient complaint, ultimately resulting in revision surgery in 7.1% of all scapular fracture cases [3]. A second advantage of locking plate designs is that the fixed angle design also helps create a more stable construct in thin cortical bone. Lastly, the anatomical fit of the locking scapula plates allows for reconstruction of comminuted fractures.
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Dey, Roopam, Sudesh Sivarasu, Johan Charilaou, Stephen Roche, and Frida Hansson. "Evaluating the Fit of Current Anatomical Scapula Reconstruction Plates: A Study Using Fifty Scapulae." In 2020 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2020-9079.

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Abstract Open Reduction and Internal Fixation (ORIF) of scapula fractures have increased in numbers recently. This is due to better functional outcomes achieved post-ORIF than non-operative management techniques. In South Africa, there is only one available supplier for anatomical contoured scapula plates used in the ORIF. This study examines the fit of these plates on the bony topology of fifty healthy scapula. It was observed that the short medial body plate performed the best in adhering to the bone topology followed by the short acromion plate. The glenoid plate and the long acromion and body plates were not adequately designed to fit their intended regions on the scapula. In conclusion, this study highlights the drawbacks in design of current commercial plates available for ORIF of scapula. Further studies are needed in order to evaluate the quantitative-fit performance of these plates on fracture scapula surfaces.
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Popova, Daniela, Mariela Filipova, and David Kantchev. "SCAPULOTHORACIC DYSKINESIA - ETIOLOGY, FUNCTIONAL STUDY AND GUIDELINES FOR PHYSIOTHERAPY." In INTERNATIONAL SCIENTIFIC CONGRESS “APPLIED SPORTS SCIENCES”. Scientific Publishing House NSA Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37393/icass2022/149.

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ABSTRACT Introduction. In recent years, the attention of orthopedists and physiotherapists involved in the rehabilitation of upper limbs has often focused on the evaluation and overcoming of scapulothoracic dyskinesias observed in shoulder pathologies, which is a key point in restoring the complex function of the shoulder. Purpose of the report. To present the causes of changes in the movement of the scapulae or anomalies in their position, defined by the scientific community as “scapulo-thoracic dyskinesia” and methods of functional research, as well as guidelines for overcoming with physiotherapy. Material and methods. An object of the study were 27 patients, aged 45 to 55 years old, with rotator cuff pathologies treated conservatively. Scapulothoracic dyskinesia was found in all of them. The patients were divided into 2 groups - control and experimental, in which the author’s methodology for physiotherapy was applied for 6 weeks. We applied: tests for the stabilizer muscles of the scapula, manual muscle testing, and goniometry. Results and discussion. The results show that reducing scapulothoracic dyskinesia significantly reduces pain and improves joint mobility and complex function of the shoulder girdle. In the frontal plane, we found an increase in abduction of an average of 43±5.61 ° in the experimental group. In MMT of the scapular stabilizers, an average increase in muscle strength of about one unit was found. Conclusion. The full restoration of the function of the shoulder girdle is impossible without a correct concept of the restoration of the kinematics of the scapulo-thoracic joint. Restoration of physiological kinematics of the scapulothoracic joint provides reliable prevention for subsequent rotator cuff pathologies.
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Swendseid, Brian P., Hamad Sagheer, Ramez Philips, Adam Luginbuhl, and Joseph Curry. "Anatomic Configurations in Midfacial Reconstruction Using Scapula and Scapular Tip Flaps." In Special Virtual Symposium of the North American Skull Base Society. Georg Thieme Verlag KG, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1725281.

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Jelita, Jelita, Basuki Wirjosentono, Tamrin Tamrin, and Lamek Marpaung. "Characterization of gelatin from scapula (Os scapula) from Aceh cattle." In THE 3RD INTERNATIONAL SEMINAR ON CHEMISTRY: Green Chemistry and its Role for Sustainability. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5082477.

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Verster, Jaco, Sudesh Sivarasu, Tinashe Mutsvangwa, and Janine Gray. "A Surface Curvature Technique for Analysing Scapular Dyskinesis." In 2019 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2019-3275.

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Scapular dyskinesis is a common occurrence in overhead athletes, i.e. athletes who participate in any sport where the upper arm and shoulder is used above the athlete’s head. However, no consensus has been reached on how to evaluate scapular dyskinesis quantitatively. This article describes the development of a measurement technique that can be used to evaluate certain key clinical parameters specific to scapular dyskinesis. The technique employs a 3D structured light computer vision approach to create a surface map of the soft-tissue across the scapula. This surface map is then analyzed using a surface curvature analysis to identify the key clinical parameters associated with scapular dyskinesis. The main advantage of this method is that it provides a marker-less 3D approach. This may aid with diagnosis and monitoring of scapular dyskinesis by allowing measurement data to be collected both before and after treatment and rehabilitation. We expect that this technique will make the monitoring of treatment effectiveness easier while contributing to diagnostic computer vision.
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Silva, Gabriella Louise Constantino, Isabela Corrêa Samper, Ana Clara Gondim Oliveira, et al. "Long thoracic nerve paralysis as a rare complication of anterior spinal surgery." In XIV Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.141s1.707.

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Introduction: Isolated long thoracic nerve paralysis causes weakness of the serratus anterior muscle and winging of the scapula. Several traumatic and non-traumatic causes of damage have been reported and should be considered for diagnosis. Case: 53-year-old woman with neck pain and sensory symptoms, with irradiation to the upper limbs. She was then submitted to an anterior spinal release at levels C5-C6 e C6-C7. In this procedure the patient was positioned in the dorsal decubitus position with a rolled towel under her scapulae bilaterally. After two weeks she complained of weakness of the right upper limb during overhead activities, mild fatigue and pain in the right periscapular region. The right upper limb was intact for both sensory and motor innervation, but the right scapula was winged and she was not able to flex her arm forward over 60°. An electrodiagnostic study carried out and revealed an isolated acute axonal long thoracic nerve lesion. Discussion: The long thoracic nerve innervates the serratus anterior muscle. When this muscle is paralyzed, the scapula’s medial border, and especially its lower angle, stands out prominently and the patient cannot raise the arm fully or push. Due to its long and superficial course, the long thoracic nerve is vulnerable to damage at various levels. Several causes of its damage have been reported, including trauma, compression, and improper surgical technique. In this case, despite the operation was not that long it appears that external compression on the nerve during surgery was the most probable cause of the nerve palsy. Conclusion: To avoid this injury during positioning of patients the course of the long thoracic nerve must be attended to carefully and the nerve should be protected from any external pressure.
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Henninger, Heath B., Michael D. Harris, Kristen R. Petersen, Robert T. Burks, and Robert Z. Tashjian. "Comparison of Methods to Predict Scapular Notching From Radiographs After Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80194.

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Scapular notching is a complication of reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) that results in bone loss on the lateral border of the scapula. Notching has been reported in up to 86% of patients at 5 year follow-up [1], and is graded 1–4 as a function of progressive bone loss [2]. Notching may arise from impingement, erosion, periprosthetic osteolysis, stress shielding or a combination of these [1]. Glenosphere position can mitigate notching by limiting hardware impingement [3–5], but may increase the forces required to abduct the arm [6]. Clinicians might optimize patient range of motion and function via implant placement if susceptibility to notching was known a-priori.
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Reports on the topic "Scapula"

1

Thomson, Jennifer E. Endoprosthetic Total Scapula Replacement Versus Suspension Arthroplasty Following Tumor Resection. Science Repository Oü, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31487/j.jso.2018.01.002.

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Chen, Yue, Yimei Hu, Panyun Mu, et al. Do traverse-couple trainings improve proprioception in patients with scapular dyskinesis ? A systematic review with meta-analyses. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2020.12.0059.

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