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Journal articles on the topic 'Scapula'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

Vijay. V.G, Lekshmy, and Ramakrishna Avadhani. "Correlation between Morphological Variations and Morphometry of Scapula and Suprascapular Notch with Its Clinical Significance in South Indian Population." International Journal of Research and Review 9, no. 3 (2022): 352–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20220340.

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Introduction: The biological profile is one of the most important things that forensic anthropologists accomplish in their work, which includes determination of age, sex, race and stature. These components aid in identification of an individual in forensic context. Since the beginning of the field of physical anthropology, anthropologists and anatomists have studied human remains in order to provide new and more accurate ways of building the biological profile. Aim: To compare the metric difference between right and left scapula, calculate scapular index, and to correlate the morphometry betwe

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Shrestha, Amit, Gulam Anwer Khan, Ajeevan Gautam, and Shuvechha Shakya. "DETERMINATION OF SCAPULAR INDEX IN HUMAN SCAPULA." Journal of Chitwan Medical College 12, no. 4 (2022): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54530/jcmc.1122.

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Background: Scapula is the important flat bone which plays important role in movement of shoulder girdle. Scapular index can be used in comparative anatomy and manufacturing prosthetic products. Present study was carried out with objective to determine the scapular index. Methods: Fifty adult scapula were collected from Department of Anatomy, Chitwan Medical College for study. Gender and ethnicity of scapula were undefined. Bony landmarks are well located. Scapular breadths and lengths were measured using digital vernier caliper. Scapular index was calculated. Statistical analyses were done us

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Jani, Dhwani, and Bhavna Gadhavi. "Correlation between Scapular Dyskinesia and Endurance of Rotator-Cuff Muscles in Non-Symptomatic Individuals with Scapular Dyskinesia in Ahmedabad, Gujarat - An Observational Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 12 (2022): 71–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20221212.

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The position and motion of the scapula are closely interrelated with motion of the arm to accomplish most of the shoulder function. The scapula plays many roles in normal shoulder function which requires control of static and dynamic position of scapula. For maintaining the good kinematics of the scapula and the surrounding structures, the movement of the scapula must be synchronized. The dynamic muscle function is the major method by which the scapula is stabilized and purposefully moved to accomplish its role. Alteration of normal positioning of the scapula can lead to altered biomechanics o

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Afiq, MA, B. Norhaslinda, Z. Rizal, and A. Rauf. "Gleno-humeral Joint Functional Outcome in Displaced Scapular Body Fracture Treated with Anatomical Scapula Plate: 2 case series." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 5_suppl5 (2020): 2325967120S0008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00080.

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Introduction: The gleno-humeral (GH) or shoulder joint complexity of its biomechanics had been subjected for a number of study for many years. The ability of the shoulder joint to have multiple degrees of motion is contributed by the interaction between the structures surrounding the joint which maintain its stability. Methods: We report 2 cases of displaced scapular body fracture in our trauma centre fixed using anatomical scapular plate. Both underwent surgery within 3 weeks after their accident, using modified Judet approach and used implant from the same provider. All patients were followe

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Kim, Eugene, Taedong Jang, Hee Jin Park, et al. "In vivo three-dimensional scapular kinematic alterations after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 28, no. 2 (2020): 230949902092197. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2309499020921979.

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Background: In vivo three-dimensional (3D) kinematics of the scapula after reverse total shoulder arthroplasty (rTSA) have been sparsely investigated. The aim of this study was to analyze static and dynamic kinematic alterations of the scapula after rTSA in vivo with the use of computer-aided 3D reconstruction program. Methods: A total of 15 patients with cuff tear arthropathy treated by rTSA participated. Scapulae with rTSA and the contralateral scapulae were evaluated with computed tomography scan data in 0° and 120° forward flexion positions of the glenohumeral joint. To examine static scap

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Charilaou, Johan, Roopam Dey, Marilize Burger, Sudesh Sivarasu, Ruan van Staden, and Stephen Roche. "Quantitative fit analysis of acromion fracture plating systems using three-dimensional reconstructed scapula fractures – A multi-observer study." SICOT-J 7 (2021): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2021028.

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Introduction: Surgical treatment of displaced acromial and scapula spine fractures may be challenging due to the bony anatomy and variable fracture patterns. This difficulty is accentuated by the limitations of the available scapular plates for fracture fixation. This study compares the quantitative fitting of anatomic scapular plates and clavicle plates, using three-dimensional (3D) printed fractured scapulae. Methods: Fourteen scapulae with acromion and spine fractures were used for this study. Computerized tomographic (CT) scans of the fractured scapulae were obtained from the Philips pictu

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Torrens, Carlos, Monica Corrales, Gemma Gonzalez, Alberto Solano, and Enrique Caceres. "Morphology of the Scapula Relative to the Reverse Shoulder Prosthesis." Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery 17, no. 2 (2009): 146–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/230949900901700204.

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Purpose. To analyse the morphology of the scapula relative to the reverse shoulder prosthesis. Methods. Scapulas of 46 women and 27 men aged 16 to 84 (mean, 53) years with proximal humeral fractures (n=52) or recurrent antero-inferior instability (n=21) were assessed using 3-dimensional computed tomography (CT). For comparison, 108 cadaveric scapulas with unknown epidemiology were assessed using a goniometer and a caliper. The length of the glenoid neck, the angle between the glenoid surface and the upper posterior column of the scapula, and the angles between the major craneocaudal glenoid ax

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Bet-Or, Yaheli, Wolbert van den Hoorn, Venerina Johnston, and Shaun O’Leary. "Reliability and Validity of an Acromion Marker Cluster for Recording Scapula Posture at End Range Clavicle Protraction, Retraction, Elevation, and Depression." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 5 (2017): 379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2017-0058.

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Acromion marker cluster (AMC) methods have been shown to accurately track scapula motion during humeral elevation below 90°, however, their accuracy has not been assessed in shoulder girdle motion such as clavicle protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression independent of humeral movement. The aim of this study was to examine the reliability and validity of the AMC method to record scapula orientation at end range clavicle protraction, retraction, elevation, and depression. The right scapulae of 22 female and 20 male asymptomatic volunteers were assessed with an AMC and scapula locator

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Tahal, Dimitri S., J. Christoph Katthagen, Daniel Cole Marchetti, et al. "A Cadaveric Model Evaluating the Influence of Bony Anatomy and the Effectiveness of Partial Scapulectomy on Decompression of the Scapulothoracic Space in Snapping Scapula Syndrome." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 6 (2017): 1276–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516687755.

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Background: Snapping scapula syndrome (SSS) is caused by bony and/or soft tissue impingement in the scapulothoracic articulation. Surgical resection of the superomedial angle (SMA) plus bursectomy can provide relief in most cases; however, the amount needed to achieve adequate scapulothoracic space decompression (SSD) is unknown. Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of partial scapulectomy and the influence of bony anatomy on SSD. It was hypothesized that the anterior offset and costomedial angle would correlate with the amount of bony resection needed to achieve ad

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Chang, So-Youn, Hee Young Lim, Sang-Hyun Kim, Jung-Woo Choi, Yong-Seok Nam, and Jong In Lee. "Surface anatomy and levator scapulae muscle injection: A cadaveric investigation." Medicine 103, no. 25 (2024): e38598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000038598.

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Accurate detection of the levator scapulae muscle is critical for effective diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. The commonly used surface anatomy approach has not been validated and is less accurate than ultrasound-guided techniques. Therefore, we determined the needle insertion point for the levator scapulae using a new technique based on the anatomy of the scapula. This investigation used 15 fresh-frozen cadavers to explore the relationship between the acromial angle and medial tip of the scapular spine (O) of the scapular spine. Based on the x-axis (the distance [L] from Point O to po

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Botlagunta, Supriya, Prashanth Babu Ankem, Karunasri Vaddi, and Urmila T. Sai. "Gross Anatomical and Morphometrical Investigation on the Scapula of Indian Fox (Vulpes bengalensis (Shaw, 1800))." International Journal of Bio-resource and Stress Management 16, Mar, 3 (2025): 01–06. https://doi.org/10.23910/1.2025.5756.

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The present study was conducted from March, 2023–July, 2024, at the College of Veterinary Science, Proddatur, Andhra Pradesh, India. The scapula bones were collected using the maceration technique to record the gross and morphometrical features. The gross morphological study on the scapula of the Indian fox revealed that it was a triangular bone with two surfaces, three borders, and three angles. The cranial border was thin, convex and showed an anteriorly projected process. The caudal border was thick and straight. The dorsal border was convex. The scapular spine was well developed, increasin

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Ben Kibler, W. "The Role of the Scapula in Athletic Shoulder Function." American Journal of Sports Medicine 26, no. 2 (1998): 325–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03635465980260022801.

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The exact role and the function of the scapula are misunderstood in many clinical situations. This lack of awareness often translates into incomplete evaluation and diagnosis of shoulder problems. In addition, scapular rehabilitation is often ignored. Recent research, however, has demonstrated a pivotal role for the scapula in shoulder function, shoulder injury, and shoulder rehabilitation. This knowledge will help the physician to provide more comprehensive care for the athlete. This “Current Concepts” review will address the anatomy of the scapula, the roles that the scapula plays in overhea

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Tsiklin, Ilya L., Denis S. Bezdenezhnych, Aleksei S. Mantsagov, Alexandr V. Kolsanov, and Larisa T. Volova. "Microstructural Analysis of the Human Scapula: Mandibular Bone Tissue Engineering Perspectives." Journal of Functional Biomaterials 15, no. 12 (2024): 386. https://doi.org/10.3390/jfb15120386.

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Mandibular bone defect reconstruction remains a significant challenge for surgeons worldwide. Among multiple biodegradable biopolymers, allogeneic bone scaffolds derived from human sources have been used as an alternative to autologous bone grafts, providing optimal conditions for cell recruitment, adhesion, and proliferation and demonstrating significant osteogenic properties. This study aims to investigate the bone microstructure of the human scapula as a source for allogeneic bone scaffold fabrication for mandibular tissue engineering purposes. We created color-coded anatomical maps of the

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Frei, Sina, Hans Geyer, Seamus Hoey, Anton Fuerst, and Andrea Bischofberger. "Evaluation of the optimal plate position for the fixation of supraglenoid tubercle fractures in warmbloods." Veterinary and Comparative Orthopaedics and Traumatology 30, no. 02 (2017): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3415/vcot-16-08-0121.

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SummaryObjectives: To determine scapular cortex thickness, distal scapular bone density and describe the exact suprascapular nerve course to evaluate the best plate position for the fixation of supraglenoid tubercle fractures in horses.Methods: Twelve equine cadaveric shoulders were examined with computed tomography. Computed tomography morphometry and density measurements (Hounsfield units [HU]) of the scapula were recorded. Statistical comparisons were made between the cranial and caudal aspects of the scapula. Dissection of each shoulder was performed and the suprascapular nerve course was

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Ritu Singroha, Usha Verma, and Suresh Kanta Rathee. "Non-pathological bony features causing snapping scapula syndrome : a study with correlation to gender and side." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 10, no. 4 (2019): 2886–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v10i4.1568.

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A patient of snapping scapula usually presents with perceivable, appreciable and agonizing crepitus during the movements of scapula. This study aimed at focusing on bony features which are responsible for snapping scapula and study their incidence, morphology and correlation to gender and side of the scapula. The study was performed on 50 pairs of the human scapula of known sex in the Department of Anatomy at PGIMS Rohtak. The parameters recorded were medial scapular border morphology, presence of Tubercle of Luschka and the presence of Teres major tubercle or process. The most common type of

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Azhagiri, R., M. Anitha, J. Hemapriya, Ganesan Murugaperumal, and G. Sumathi. "Morphology and morphometric study of dry scapula, with emphasis on the glenoid fossa and acromion process in Chennai city, South India." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 13, no. 1 (2022): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v13i1.40486.

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Background: The morphology and morphometry of the scapula and its glenoid fossa and acromion process play a significant role in the mechanics of shoulder joint. A variable morphology is found in glenoid fossa that has clinical implications. Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to evaluate the morphology and morphometry of dry scapula with emphasis on glenoid fossa and acromion process. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at the department of anatomy, for a period of 6 months from January 2021 to June 2021. A total of 100 unpaired dry scapula were included in t

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Venkateshwarlu, Nallagatla, Enrico Maria Staderini, and Naveen Kumar Balne. "Evaluation of Scapular Dynamics in Sports Trainees." International Journal of Physiotherapy and Research 12, no. 1 (2024): 4670–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijpr.2024.102.

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Background: The scapula provides stability and mobility for efficient upper-limb movement. Optimal scapular kinematics are essential for efficient force generation and injury prevention. Sports trainees, particularly those involved in sports requiring repetitive or high-intensity shoulder movements, are susceptible to injuries and performance limitations if associated with aberrant scapular mechanics. Understanding the intricacies of scapular dynamics is essential for designing tailored training interventions that enhance athletic performance. Rationale and objectives: Previous research has em

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Pires, Luyddy, Napoliane Santos, João Vitor Lana, et al. "Upper Crossed Syndrome and Scapulae Upper-Trapping: A Mesotherapy Protocol in Cervicoscapulobrachial Pain—The 8:1 Block." Bioengineering 11, no. 11 (2024): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11111142.

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Upper Crossed Syndrome (UCS), described by Vladimir Janda, is characterized by postural changes involving the cervical spine and trunk, leading to biomechanical limitations and cervicoscapulobrachial pain. This study proposes a mesotherapy protocol, termed the 8:1 block, to address cervicoscapulobrachialgia by targeting the scapulae and associated musculature. The scapula, central to shoulder girdle kinematics, often exhibits dyskinesis and muscular imbalances, notably the pattern referred to as scapular upper trapping (SUT). SUT involves scapular elevation, medial rotation, and shoulder protr

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Chawla, Maheshwar, Pankaj Sinsinwar, Abhibhusan Mishra, Jitender Sorout, and Aayushee Rao. "Suprascapular notch morphometric study." RUDN Journal of Medicine 26, no. 3 (2022): 338–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2313-0245-2022-26-3-338-343.

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Relevance. The suprascapular notch is one of the most crucial areas of the scapula from a clinical standpoint. Aside from its anatomical relevance, the suprascapular notch type may also have some clinical implications for suprascapular nerve entrapment. Aim of the study was the determination of the different dimensions of the suprascapular notch based on the maximum depth (MD) and superior transverse diameter (STD), as well as the clinical relation between those dimensions and suprascapular nerve entrapment. Materials and Methods. The study’s materials were 100 unknown dry human scapulae from

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Üstündağ, Yasemin, Osman Yılmaz, and Mehmet Kartal. "Comparison of the Scapula in Human and Laboratory Rat Species from the Perspective of Translational Medicine." İstanbul Gelişim Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, no. 22 (April 30, 2024): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.38079/igusabder.1412211.

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Aim: The aim of the study is to provide anatomical differences between rat and human scapula and definitive information to the literature about which strain is most appropriate for rat modeling, particularly in orthopedics. Methods: In current study, a total of 40 scapulas belonging to Wistar Albino, Brown Norway, Sprague Dawley and Lewis strains were examined morphologically and morphometrically with each other and with the human scapula. Digital calipers were used to measure parameters for rat scapula. Literature searches were conducted for the measurements of the human scapula, and the obta

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Sehmi, Seema, and Anupama Mahajan. "Determination of dimensions of Glenoid cavity from other scapular parameters in North Indian Population." International Journal of Anatomy and Research 10, no. 1 (2022): 8216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.16965/ijar.2021.188.

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Background: The Glenoid cavity dimensions can help to predict the incidence of glenohumeral dislocations in a population. Purpose of study: The present study involved the measurements of the body of the scapula and the glenoid cavity and to draw the relationship of them to predict the chances of glenohumeral dislocations in North Indian Population. Methods: A total number of 130 adult scapulae of unknown sex showing complete ossification and without any damage were included in the study. The various shapes of glenoid cavities both on right and left sides were noted and analysed. A digital Vern

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Sharma, Ritika, Rajan Sharma, Rajan Kumar Singla, and Jagdev Singh Kullar. "A study of morphology and morphometry of scapula in North Indian population and its evolutionary significance." Italian Journal of Anatomy and Embryology 128, no. 2 (2024): 31–36. https://doi.org/10.36253/ijae-15451.

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Introduction. Morphometrics can quantify a trait of evolutionary significance and deduce something of their ontogeny or evolutionary relationships. The present study intends to establish the morphometric criterion of scapula in North Indians. This is of definite significance as bone morphology is known to be influenced by cultural, environmental and racial factors. Materials and methods. The present study was carried on 100 adult scapulae of unknown sex obtained from Department of Anatomy, Government Medical College, Amritsar. The parameters studied were length of scapula; maximum breadth of s

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Oladipo, G. S., E. O. Aigbogun, and G. L. Akani. "Angle at the Medial Border: The Spinovertebra Angle and Its Significance." Anatomy Research International 2015 (October 7, 2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/986029.

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Background. The evolution from quadrupedalism to bipedalism has adjusted the balance of the upper limb to extensive movement at the shoulder. The scapular angles provide the point of attachment and control to various muscles and have been associated with the different movements of the shoulder girdle and joint. This has made the morphometric and anthropometric study of scapula a subject of extensive investigation. Aim. In the present study, the angle at the medial border was measured in the South-Southern Nigerian population and an anatomical name was ascribed to the angle. Method. The study w

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Oyama, Sakiko, Joseph B. Myers, Craig A. Wassinger, R. Daniel Ricci, and Scott M. Lephart. "Asymmetric Resting Scapular Posture in Healthy Overhead Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 6 (2008): 565–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.6.565.

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Abstract Context: Observation of the scapular posture is one of the most important components of the physical examination in overhead athletes. Postural asymmetry is typically considered to be associated with injuries. However, asymmetry in the overhead athlete's scapula may be normal due to the dominant use of the limb. Objective: To quantify the differences in resting scapular posture between the dominant and nondominant sides in 3 groups of healthy overhead athletes (baseball pitchers, volleyball players, and tennis players) using an electromagnetic tracking device. Design: Cross-sectional

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Rachuene, Pududu Archie, Roopam Dey, Yawovi Dodzi Motchon, Sudesh Sivarasu, and Roche Stephen. "AN INTERPOPULATION COMPARISON AND CORRELATION OF 3D MORPHOMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF THE SCAPULA." Orthopaedic Proceedings 105-B, SUPP_15 (2023): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1302/1358-992x.2023.15.017.

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In patients with shoulder arthritis, the ability to accurately determine glenoid morphological alterations affects the outcomes of shoulder arthroplasty surgery significantly. This study was conducted to determine whether there is a correlation between scapular and glenoid morphometric components. Existence of such a correlation may help surgeons accurately estimate glenoid bone loss during pre-operative planning.The dimensions and geometric relationships of the scapula, scapula apophysis and glenoid were assessed using CT scan images of 37 South African and 40 Chinese cadavers. Various anatom

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Voleti, Pramod B., Surena Namdari, and Samir Mehta. "Fractures of the Scapula." Advances in Orthopedics 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/903850.

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The scapula plays a critical role in the association between the upper extremity and the axial skeleton. Fractures of the scapula account for 0.4% to 1% of all fractures and have an annual incidence of approximately 10 per 100,000 inhabitants. Scapular fractures typically result from a high-energy blunt-force mechanism and are often associated with other traumatic injuries. The present review focuses on the presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of fractures of the scapula. Indications for surgical treatment of glenoid fossa, scapular neck, and scapular body fractures are presented in detail.

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Koh, Timothy J., Mark D. Grabiner, and John J. Brems. "Three-Dimensional in Vivo Kinematics of the Shoulder during Humeral Elevation." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 14, no. 3 (1998): 312–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.14.3.312.

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Shoulder kinematics, including scapular rotation relative to the trunk and humeral rotation relative to the scapula, were examined during humeral elevation in three vertical planes via video analysis of intracortical pins. Helical axis parameters provided an easily interpretable description of shoulder motion not subject to the limitations associated with Cardan/Euler angles. Between 30 and 150° of elevation in each plane, the scapula rotated almost solely about an axis perpendicular to the scapula. Additional scapular rotation appeared to support the notion that the scapula moves “toward” the

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Walker, James S., and Beth B. Walker. "Scapular dislocation (locked scapula)." Annals of Emergency Medicine 19, no. 11 (1990): 1329–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0196-0644(05)82298-x.

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Johnbull, T. O., and N. C. Onyema. "Determination of sex from clavicular and scapular parameters from normal posteroanterior chest radiographs of adults in Bayelsa State, Nigeria." Journal of Experimental and Clinical Anatomy 22, no. 1 (2025): 148–53. https://doi.org/10.4314/jeca.v22i1.20.

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Background and aim: Identification of sex from human remains has been an imperative aspect in forensic anthropology. This can be achieved from bony structures such as the scapular and clavicle which has shown to be sexually dimorphic. This study evaluated the anatomy of the scapular and clavicular parameters of adults in Bayelsa State using normal anterioposterior chest radiographs. Methods: A total of 500normal chest radiographs of Males (n=250, mean age 40.5±0.9) and females (n=250, mean age 40.7±0.9) were used for this study. The parameters studied were length of right and left clavicle, th

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Sertel Meyvacı, Seda, Handan Ankaralı, and Beyza Çelik. "The impact of laterality on the morphometric angular features of the scapula." Anatomy 18, no. 3 (2024): 101–5. https://doi.org/10.2399/ana.24.1594501.

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Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the angular measurements and morphological characteristics of the scapula, providing insights to enhance surgical interventions and clinical research requiring detailed anatomical knowledge, such as total shoulder arthroplasty, fracture fixation via screw placement, and scapular arthroscopic procedures. Methods: Twenty dry scapula (13 right, 7 left) of unknown age and sex, obtained from the bone archive of the Anatomy Department at Bolu Abant İzzet Baysal University Faculty of Medicine, were analyzed. Angular measurements were conducted using a digital a

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Seth, Aditya, Muhammad Naqvi, Umesh Yadav, Kishore Karumuri, Adarsh Annapareddy, and A. V. Gurava Reddy. "Unveiling Scapular Pseudo-winging: A Case Report on Ventral Osteochondroma of the Scapula in a 21-year-old." Journal of Orthopaedic Case Reports 13, no. 10 (2023): 99–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.13107/jocr.2023.v13.i10.3952.

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Introduction: Scapular pseudo-winging caused by ventral osteochondromas is a rare condition that has been reported in only a handful of cases. This case report describes a 21-year-old male patient with scapular pseudo-winging due to ventral osteochondromas of the scapula. This report adds to the limited literature on this topic and highlights the importance of considering ventral osteochondromas as a possible cause of scapular pseudo-winging. Case Report: A 21-year-old male presented with a swelling on his left upper back that had gradually increased in size over the past 10 years. Physical ex

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Shangeetha, T., MA MohdAsihin, RL Sree, and Al Haqq AG Kamarul. "Open Reduction and Plating of Scapula and Acromion Fracture with Modified Judet Approach." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 7, no. 7 (2022): 1515–18. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7013206.

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A percentage of 0.5% of all fractures are found to be scapular fractures occurring primarily in young to middle aged males. Traditionally, these fractures are results of high energy trauma and highly associated with life-threatening injuries as well as poly traumatized patients. Most common scapula fractures are extra-articular (scapula body or glenoid neck fractures) which has the incidence rate of 62% - 98%. Extraarticular scapular fractures treated operatively, reported good functional outcomes based on the DASH scoring system and has lower rate of complications. The standard surgical appro

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Pandiyan, Divya, Shenbaga Sundaram Subramanian, Mohamed Sahal, et al. "Effect of scapula stability exercises on muscle power and functional performance among scapular dyskinesia individuals." Retos 68 (June 16, 2025): 1530–38. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v68.116313.

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Introduction: Scapular dyskinesia, an alteration in scapular position and movement, can lead to decreased muscle power and impaired shoulder function. Objective: The objective of this research was to assess the effect of scapula stability exercises on muscle power and functional performance in scapular dyskinesia individuals using a Seated medicine ball throw and the DASH questionnaire. Methodology: A closed-envelope experimental study was conducted with 32 participants assigned to the scapula stability exercise group (n = 16) and scapular mobilization group (n = 16). Results: The scapula stab

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Leeza, Nafrina Islam, Kaniz Fatima, Maria Khan, et al. "Anthropometric Study of Different Angles of Left Human Scapula in Adult Bangladeshi People." International Journal of Current Research and Review 17, no. 04 (2025): 01–04. https://doi.org/10.31782/ijcrr.2025.17401.

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Introduction: The scapula, or shoulder blade, is a triangular bone that connects the upper limb to the trunk, articulating with the humerus at the glenoid cavity. It features three borders (superior, medial, and lateral), three angles (superior, inferior, and lateral), and significant anatomical landmarks such as the scapular spine, acromion, and coracoid processes. Aim/Objectives: This study aimed to examine the morphometry of dry, fully ossified left human scapulae and identify variations between male and female scapulae. Methods: This cross-sectional study, conducted at Dhaka Medical Colleg

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López-de-Celis, Carlos, Elena Estébanez-de-Miguel, Albert Pérez-Bellmunt, Santos Caudevilla-Polo, Vanessa González-Rueda, and Elena Bueno-Gracia. "The Effect of Scapular Fixation on Scapular and Humeral Head Movements during Glenohumeral Axial Distraction Mobilization." Medicina 58, no. 3 (2022): 454. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina58030454.

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Background and Objectives: Glenohumeral axial distraction mobilization (GADM) is a usual mobilization technique for patients with shoulder dysfunctions. The effect of scapular fixation on the movement of the scapula and the humeral head during GADM is unknown. To analyze the caudal movement of the humeral head and the rotatory movement of the scapula when applying three different intensities of GADM force with or without scapular fixation. Materials and Methods: Fifteen healthy subjects (mean age 28 ± 9 years; 73.3% male) participated in the study (twenty-eight upper limbs). Low-, medium- and

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Garzón-Alfaro, Adoración, Miguel Botella, Guillermo Rus Carlborg, Nicolás Prados Olleta, Amanda Rocío González- Ramírez, and Pedro Hernández-Cortés. "Anthropometric study of the scapula in a contemporary population from granada. Sex estimation and glenohumeral osteoarthritis prevalence." PLOS ONE 19, no. 7 (2024): e0305410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0305410.

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Anthropometric studies of the scapula have been rare in Spanish populations, nevertheless they are of current interest in forensic anthropology for estimation of sex. Although the estimation of sex is usually carried out on the pelvis and skull, other measurements related to the scapula can be helpful when the skeletal remains are incomplete. Glenohumeral osteoarthritis development is influenced, among others, by the morphology of the scapula, which is one of the less studied aspects. We carried out a descriptive study of anthropometric parameters in a series of 157 scapulae (82 individuals) o

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Da Silva, João Paulo C. B., Diego F. B. Vaz, and Marcelo R. de Carvalho. "Phylogenetic inferences on the systematics of squaliform sharks based on elasmobranch scapular morphology (Chondrichthyes: Elasmobranchii)." Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 182, no. 3 (2017): 614–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlx051.

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Abstract The scapulae of elasmobranchs project dorsolaterally from their fusion with the coracoid bar of the pectoral girdle, serving as anchoring points for the cucullaris, trunk and appendicular muscles and as articular points for the pectoral-fin skeleton. The scapulae of many elasmobranch taxa are described, with an emphasis on variations in the posterior margin, in an effort to reveal characters of phylogenetic relevance. In particular, phylogenetic information from the scapula was found for some squaliform sharks. Representatives of Dalatiidae, Somniosidae, Oxynotidae and Etmopteridae ha

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McPhail, Steven M., Lars Nagelstad Dalland, Kaja Naess, et al. "Intratherapist Reliability in the Rating of Scapula Posture in Multiple Planes of Reference." ISRN Rehabilitation 2012 (December 10, 2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/957389.

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Background. Evaluation of scapular posture is a fundamental component in the clinical evaluation of the upper quadrant. This study examined the intrarater reliability of scapular posture ratings. Methods. A test-retest reliability investigation was undertaken with one week between assessment sessions. At each session physical therapists conducted visual assessments of scapula posture (relative to the thorax) in five different scapula postural planes (plane of scapula, sagittal plane, transverse plane, horizontal plane, and vertical plane). These five plane ratings were performed for four diffe

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Sanchez-Sotelo, Joaquin. "Evaluation of the Dysfunctional Scapula." Techniques in Hand & Upper Extremity Surgery 28, no. 3 (2024): 182–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bth.0000000000000484.

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Periscapular pain and dysfunction are relatively common complaints in the practice of upper extremity surgeons. However, evaluation of the dysfunctional scapula is intimidating for most. Physical examination of the periscapular muscles is very rich, and a systematic approach provides the opportunity to establish a diagnosis for most patients. Conditions underlying scapular dysfunction include trapezius palsy, serratus palsy, brachial plexus injuries, muscular dystrophy, snapping scapula, pectoralis minor syndrome, congenital undescended scapula, and functional scapular dyskinesis, among others

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Momena, Zeenatul, Md Shamsur Rahman, Rehana Perveen, Rebeka Shahin, Mahfuza Chowdhury, and Shaila Mahmud. "Gender Variation of Scapula in a Bangladeshi Population – A Radiological Study." Community Based Medical Journal 12, no. 1 (2023): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cbmj.v12i1.64269.

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The scapula is a complex anatomical unit; it connects the humerus with the clavicle. The scapula presents several variations, based on race, sex and region. Sexual dimorphism plays a key role in forensic anthropology. The scapula is sexually dimorphic and can potentially be used in forensic investigations. A cross-sectional study was conducted under Department of Anatomy, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, between July 2017 and June 2018, to observe the morphometric pattern of the left scapula in adult male and female Bangladeshi people for establishment of a baseline anatomical data for future stu

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Huang, R., Q. Zhi, K. Patel, J. Wilting, and B. Christ. "Dual origin and segmental organisation of the avian scapula." Development 127, no. 17 (2000): 3789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.127.17.3789.

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Bones of the postcranial skeleton of higher vertebrates originate from either somitic mesoderm or somatopleural layer of the lateral plate mesoderm. Controversy surrounds the origin of the scapula, a major component of the shoulder girdle, with both somitic and lateral plate origins being proposed. Abnormal scapular development has been described in the naturally occurring undulated series of mouse mutants, which has implicated Pax1 in the formation of this bone. Here we addressed the development of the scapula, firstly, by analysing the relationship between Pax1 expression and chondrogenesis

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Ogawa, Kiyohisa, and Wataru Inokuchi. "Solitary Osteochondroma of the Ventral Scapula Associated with Large Bursa Formation and Pseudowinging of the Scapula: A Case Report and Literature Review." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2018 (2018): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5145642.

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Osteochondroma (OC) is the most common benign bone tumor and may occur on any bone in which endochondral ossification develops. Although scapular OC accounts for less than 5% of the cases of solitary OC, OC is the most common lesion among the tumors and tumor-like lesions of the scapula. OC that develops near the medial scapular border easily causes friction with the ribcage; hence, almost half the number of cases of OC associated with marked bursa formation develops in the ventral scapula. We report a case of a 27-year-old female with a painful OC of the ventral scapular surface associated wi

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Sherin Janet Roseline.T and Vinodhkumar Ramalingam. "Comparing the Effectiveness of Scapula Stabilization Exercise Versus Scapula Stability Taping on Shoulder Impingement Pain." Indian Journal of Physiotherapy & Occupational Therapy - An International Journal 18 (January 21, 2024): 826–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.37506/67cqhy58.

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Background: Shoulder impingement pain is caused by the compression of the rotator cuff and the subacromialbursa. Reduced scapular stability was found to cause shoulder impingement. So, the purpose of the study was toidentify whether scapula stability taping vs. scapular stabilization exercise is more effective in the treatment ofshoulder impingement pain.Purpose: To compare the effectiveness of scapula stabilization exercise versus scapula stability taping on shoulderimpingement pain.Methods: This experimental study has been conducted from November 2022 to April 2023. 58 subjects weredivided i

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Bdaiwi, Alya H., Tanya Anne Mackenzie, Lee Herrington, Ian Horlsey, and Ann Cools. "The Effects of Rigid Scapular Taping on Acromiohumeral Distance in Healthy Shoulders: An Observational Study." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 26, no. 1 (2017): 51–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2015-0086.

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Context:Compromise to the acromiohumeral distance (AHD) has been reported in subjects with subacromial impingement syndrome when compared with healthy subjects. In clinical practice, patients are taped with the intention of altering scapular position and influencing the AHD. However, research to determine the effects of taping on AHD is exiguous.Objectives:To evaluate the effect of ridged taping techniques to increase posterior scapular tilt and upward scapular rotation on the AHD.Design:1-group pretest/posttest repeated-measures design.Setting:Human performance laboratory.Participants:20 asym

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Mattocks, Larry W., and Susan L. Whitney. "Snapping Scapula Syndrome." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 3, no. 4 (1994): 331–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.3.4.331.

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Snapping scapula syndrome is a symptom, not a diagnosis. Soft tissue pathology and bony abnormalities can lead to scapular noise. Anatomy and biomechanics of the scapulothoracic mechanism are reviewed prior to discussion of the possible pathology that may lead to scapular noise and pain. Key points concerning the differential diagnosis are covered briefly. Guidelines are presented for rehabilitation of the patient with soft tissue lesions causing scapular pain and noise.

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Sonal, A. Talokar, M. Wahane Abhilasha, and N. Dange Rajashri. "Morphometric Study of Suprascapular Notch in Dry Adult Scapula." International Journal of Toxicological and Pharmacological Research 13, no. 10 (2023): 161–66. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11067009.

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<strong>Introduction: </strong>The suprascapular notch is a depression on the lateral part of the superior border of the scapula, situated medial to the coracoid process. It is bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament. Suprascapular notch transmits the suprascapular nerve to the supraspinatus fossa and suprascapular vessels pass above the ligament. Various morphological variations of suprascapular notch have been identified as one of the causes of suprascapular nerve entrapment. Based on its shape, Rengachary et al. classified this notch into six types. <strong>Aim of Stu

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Šmite, Daina, Irēna Upeniece, Agnese Runce, and Helena Gapeyeva. "ACTIVITY OF SCAPULAR MUSCLES: COMPARISON OF OPEN AND CLOSED KINETIC CHAIN EXERCISES." SOCIETY. INTEGRATION. EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 3 (May 26, 2017): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2017vol3.2422.

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The function of the shoulder region and cervical spine are regulated by the motor control of the scapula. It is important to selectively activate weak muscles and minimally involve tense muscles to improve scapular motor control. The objective of this study was to compare the activity of scapular muscles and the intramuscular balance during various open and closed kinetic chain exercises. Methods: This study included 20 female sedentary office workers. A surface electromyography was used to analyze the activity of the scapular muscle in the correct exercise starting position and during 6 diffe

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Oliver, Gretchen, and Wendi Weimar. "Scapula Kinematics of Youth Baseball Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 49, no. 1 (2015): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0107.

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Abstract Literature has revealed the importance of quantifying resting scapular posture in overhead athletes as well as quantifying scapular kinematics during dynamic movement. Prior to this project much of the attention in throwing research had been focused on the position of the humerus without description of the positioning of the scapula. Therefore, it was the purpose of this study to present scapular kinematics during pitching in youth baseball players. Twenty-five youth baseball players (age 11.3 + 1.0 years; body height 152.4 + 9.0 cm; body mass 47.5 + 11.3 kg), with no history of injur

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Hartadi, Erwan Budi, Winda Kusuma Dewi, Nadiya Listyasari, and Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama. "Studi Morfometrik pada Os Scapula Hewan Kelinci New Zealand White (Oryctolagus cuniculus)." Jurnal Medik Veteriner 1, no. 3 (2018): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jmv.vol1.iss3.2018.87-92.

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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat makroanatomi dan pengukuran morfometrik Os scapula dexter et sinister hewan kelinci New Zealand White. Os scapula hewan ini memiliki tiga tepi dan berbentuk segitiga. Permukaan bagian medial terdapat Fossa subscapularis yang terlihat paling legok. Permukaan lateral terdapat bagian yang menonjol yaitu Spina scapula. Spina ini membagi Fossa supraspinatus yang memiliki luas lebih kecil dibandingkan dengan Fossa infraspinatus yang jauh lebih lebar. Batas tepi caudal Os scapula merupakan yang paling tebal dibandingkan dengan kedua batas tepi lainnya. Tepi dors

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Kazeem, Ekeolu Oyetunde, Omirinde Jamiu Oyewole, and Usende Levi Ifukot. "Gross anatomical features and osteometric variables of the scapula of the african tree squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus), house (Rattus Rattus) and wistar rats." Anatomy Journal of Africa 9, no. 2 (2020): 1773–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/aja.v9i2.198923.

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This study comparatively investigated gross features and osteometric variables in scapula of three rodents: tree squirrel (Funisciurus anerythrus ), house (Rattus Rattus ) and Wistar rats. A total of thirty three animals (11 per rodent species) were used for the study. The rodents were anaesthetized using ketamine and xylazine combination (80 mg/kg: 10 mg/kg body weight), sacrificed and processed for scapular bone extraction by burying method. Grossly, the scapular bones are flattened in all the rodents and have various shapes; semicircular in squirrel and roughly triangular in both Rattus rat

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