Journal articles: 'Scapular Dyskinesis'

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Patel, Jainy P., and Alpa Purohit. "Prevalence of Scapular Dyskinesia in Young Adults with Trapezitis - A Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 11, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20210710.

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Background: An abnormal movement of the scapula during shoulder movement is termed as scapular dyskinesia and is an often-forgotten cause of pain and dysfunction. The scapula is a key part of the upper limb kinematic chain and is a vital component of the glenohumeral rhythm. Trapezitis is an inflammatory pain resulting from trapezius muscle. Trapezius is a stabilizer in Scapular dynamics contributing to scapulohumeral rhythm. Weakness or improper activation of Scapular stabilizers can alter Scapular positioning and mechanics. Aim of this study is to find prevalence of Scapular Dyskinesia in young adults with Trapezitis. Methodology: One hundred eighteen young adults of age 18-25 years with Trapezitis selected by convenience sampling participated in this cross sectional study. Participants were allotted to three groups (mild, moderate, severe) according to severity of Trapezitis on the basis of their VAS score. Dynamic scapular Dyskinesis test was used to assess Scapular Dyskinesia. Statistical analysis was done using Microsoft excel version 2010. Results: 118 participants had participated in the study. Out of which 32% participants had mild trapezitis, 37% had moderate trapezitis and 31% had severe trapezitis. In subjects with mild trapezitis 37% of their population had scapular dyskinesia whereas in subjects with moderate trapezitis 57% had scapular dyskinesia and in participants with severe trapezitis, scapular dyskinesia was witnessed in 72% of their population. Conclusion: Present study evidences high prevalence of Scapular Dyskinesia in young adults with Trapezitis. Key words: Scapular Dyskinesia, Trapezitis, Young adults.

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Bullock, Garrett S., Jeff Strahm, Tessa C. Hulburt, Edward C. Beck, Brian R. Waterman, and Kristen F. Nicholson. "Relationship Between Clinical Scapular Assessment and Scapula Resting Position, Shoulder Strength, and Baseball Pitching Kinematics and Kinetics." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 3 (March 1, 2021): 232596712199114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967121991146.

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Background: Scapular assessment is important in examining overhead athletes, but there is inconsistency in scapular clinical assessment and its relation to pathology. Purpose: To determine the relationship between clinical scapular assessment and biomechanical scapula resting position, shoulder strength, and pitching shoulder kinematics and kinetics. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Two clinicians performed scapular assessments and graded the scapula as presence or absence of scapular dyskinesis. Shoulder external rotation (ER) and internal rotation (IR) strength were collected. The 3-dimensional biomechanics of the scapula resting position (upward/downward rotation, IR/ER, and anterior/posterior tilt) were assessed while participants stood at rest, and pitching kinematics (maximum shoulder ER, shoulder abduction, shoulder horizontal abduction, shoulder rotation velocity) and kinetics (maximum shoulder distraction force) were assessed when participants pitched off the portable pitching mound that was engineered to meet major league specifications. Results: A total of 33 high school baseball pitchers (age, 16.3 ± 1.2 years; height, 184.0 ± 6.9 cm; weight, 76.8 ± 20.8 kg; hand dominance: left, 9 [27%]; right, 24 [73%]; pitch velocity, 34.7 ± 2.3 m/s) participated in this study. Of them, 15 participants had scapular dyskinesis, and 18 had normal scapulothoracic rhythm. No differences were observed for upward/downward rotation or anterior/posterior tilt, shoulder ER, shoulder abduction, or shoulder distraction force, based on the presence of scapular dyskinesis. Pitchers with scapular dyskinesis demonstrated significantly greater scapular resting IR position (effect size [ES], 0.80; 95% CI, 0.06 to 1.54; P = .020), greater nondominant shoulder ER to IR strength ratio (ES, 0.49; 95% CI, –0.02 to 1.00; P = .018), and decreased shoulder rotation velocity (ES, 14.66; 95% CI: 12.06 to 17.25; P = .016). Pitchers with greater anterior tilt demonstrated greater shoulder rotation velocity ( r = –0.48; P = .006). Conclusion: Pitchers with scapular dyskinesis had greater scapular IR, greater nondominant shoulder ER to IR strength ratio, and reduced shoulder rotation velocity. Clinical Relevance: Scapular assessment may be more influenced by differential IR than upward rotation or anterior tilt. Scapular dyskinesis has no competitive performance advantage among amateur athletes. Greater understanding is needed to decipher the critical threshold between beneficial and maladaptive scapular movement patterns.

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Situt, Gandhali Atul, Shyma Philip, and Poonam Patil. "Prevalence of Scapular Dyskinesis in Breastfeeding Postnatal Women in Satara District - An Observational Study." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 31 (August 2, 2021): 2401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/492.

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BACKGROUND Poor posture like hunching forward is one of the most commonly practiced postures by women during breastfeeding. The maintenance of such postures for prolonged period can result in progressive weakness of the scapular muscles and subsequent increase in the kyphotic curve. Both lordosis and kyphosis increase during pregnancy and are observed to be maintained for up to 2 months postnatally. The thoracic spine position and slouched position significantly affects the scapular dynamics during scapular abduction resulting in decreased muscle forces. Thus, scapular dyskinesis, defined as an alteration of normal position or motion of the scapula during coupled scapulohumeral movements can occur as a result of decreased muscle forces. Thus, this gives rise to the need for evaluating scapular dyskinesis and its prevalence in postnatal women. The purpose of the study was to find the prevalence of scapular dyskinesis in breastfeeding postnatal women. METHODS An observational analytical study was undertaken at Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences, including a total of 40 subjects within the age group of (15 - 40) yrs. who had been breastfeeding for 6 months or more. These subjects were assessed for scapular dyskinesis using Yes / No test and the lateral scapular slide test (LSST). Kyphosis was assessed on observational basis through postural assessment in these individuals. Statistical analysis was done using the InStat app. RESULTS 67 % and 75 % of the subjects were found to be positive for scapular dyskinesis through Yes / No Test and LSST test respectively. Observational assessment showed that 55 % of the subjects were positive for kyphosis. Subjects demonstrated significant prevalence of scapular dyskinesis and subsequent kyphosis in postnatal females due to wrong ergonomic practice of breastfeeding. CONCLUSIONS The study shows that women lack proper knowledge about the breastfeeding ergonomics leading to weakness of scapular muscles. Thus, a significant prevalence of scapular dyskinesis was seen in breastfeeding postnatal women. KEY WORDS Breastfeeding, Scapular Muscle Weakness, Kyphosis, Ergonomics, Scapular Dyskinesis

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Iqbal, Mohd, and Saurabh Sharma. "Scapular Dyskinesis." Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy Journal 8, no. 1 (2015): 31–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/potj.0974.5777.8115.5.

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Park, Jin-Young, Sang-Hoon Lhee, Jeong-Hwan Oh, and Hong-Kyum Kim. "Scapular Dyskinesis." Journal of the Korean Shoulder and Elbow Society 12, no. 2 (December 15, 2009): 271–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5397/cise.2009.12.2.271.

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Andres, Jade, Paul J. Painter, Gary McIlvain, and Mark K. Timmons. "The Effect of Repeated Shoulder Motion on Scapular Dyskinesis in Army ROTC Cadets." Military Medicine 185, no. 5-6 (November 30, 2019): e811-e817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/milmed/usz408.

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Abstract Introduction Altered or abnormal scapular motion has been associated with increased shoulder pain and dysfunction. Fatigue of the scapular stabilizing muscles resulting from repeated arm motion has been reported to alter scapular kinematics, which could result in the clinical assessment of scapular dyskinesis. The purpose of this study was to characterize the effect of repeated arm motion on the development of scapular dyskinesis. The hypothesis was that repeated arm motion will induce a subtle or obvious scapular dyskinesis. Materials and Methods About 30 army Reserve Officer Training Corps (ROTC) cadets participated in the research study. The cadets level of shoulder function was determined using the Quick Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand and Pennsylvania Shoulder Score shoulder scores. Cadets performed an exercise protocol of 30 repetitions of weighted shoulder motion in the frontal plane. Shoulder and scapular musculature strength measurements were recorded prior to and immediately following the exercise protocol using hand-held dynamometry. The scapular dyskinesis test was performed prior to the exercise protocol and during the last five repetitions of the exercise protocol. Results Prior to the exercise, protocol 3/30 were categorized with scapular dyskinesis on the left side and 3/30 were categorized with scapular dyskinesis on their right side. Following the exercise, protocol 8/30 were categorized with left-side scapular dyskinesis (χ2 = 9.167, P = 0.002) and 6/30 with right-side dyskinesis (χ2 = 4.537, P = 0.033). Shoulder strength decreased following the exercise protocol for all participants. The participants that developed scapular dyskinesis were weaker than those with normal scapular motion. However, the difference did not reach statistical significance. Participants graded with obvious scapular dyskinesis following the exercise protocol reported higher Quick Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand scores (P = 0.04) and lower scores on the Pennsylvania Shoulder Score (P = 0.005). Conclusions Repeated shoulder motion increased the frequency of scapular dyskinesis in army ROTC cadets. The cadets that developed scapular dyskinesis also reported greater disability and lower function of the upper extremity. The results provide a link between scapular dyskinesis, upper extremity function, and the strength of the scapular stabilizing muscles. Improving the strength of the scapular stabilizing musculature might reduce the effects of repeated arm motions.

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Hickey, Darren, Veronica Solvig, Vinicius Cavalheri, Meg Harrold, and Leanda Mckenna. "Scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of future shoulder pain by 43% in asymptomatic athletes: a systematic review and meta-analysis." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 2 (July 22, 2017): 102–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097559.

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BackgroundIt is unclear whether the presence of scapular dyskinesis increases the risk of developing shoulder pain in asymptomatic athletes.ObjectivesTo determine whether the presence of scapular dyskinesis in asymptomatic athletes increases the risk of developing shoulder pain by systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA systematic search was conducted in the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database and SPORTDiscus. Prospective studies that assessed athletes for scapular dyskinesis and recorded incidents of shoulder pain were included. Study quality was assessed using the Downs and Black checklist. Meta-analysis was conducted to derive a pooled risk ratio (RR) for the development of shoulder pain in athletes with scapular dyskinesis compared with those without scapular dyskinesis.ResultsFive studies were included with a total of 419 athletes. Of the athletes with scapular dyskinesis, 35% (56/160) experienced shoulder pain during the follow-up, whereas 25% (65/259) of athletes without scapular dyskinesis experienced symptoms. The presence of scapular dyskinesis at baseline indicated a 43% increased risk of a shoulder pain event over a 9 to 24 months follow-up (RR=1.43, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.93).ConclusionsAthletes with scapular dyskinesis have 43% greater risk of developing shoulder pain than those without scapular dyskinesis.

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Tate, Angela R., Philip McClure, Stephen Kareha, Dominic Irwin, and Mary F. Barbe. "A Clinical Method for Identifying Scapular Dyskinesis, Part 2: Validity." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 165–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.2.165.

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Abstract Context: Although clinical methods for detecting scapular dyskinesis have been described, evidence supporting the validity of these methods is lacking. Objective: To determine the validity of the scapular dyskinesis test, a visually based method of identifying abnormal scapular motion. A secondary purpose was to explore the relationship between scapular dyskinesis and shoulder symptoms. Design: Validation study comparing 3-dimensional measures of scapular motion among participants clinically judged as having either normal motion or scapular dyskinesis. Setting: University athletic training facilities. Patients or Other Participants: A sample of 142 collegiate athletes (National Collegiate Athletic Association Division I and Division III) participating in sports requiring overhead use of the arm was rated, and 66 of these underwent 3-dimensional testing. Intervention(s): Volunteers were viewed by 2 raters while performing weighted shoulder flexion and abduction. The right and left sides were rated independently as normal, subtle dyskinesis, or obvious dyskinesis using the scapular dyskinesis test. Symptoms were assessed using the Penn Shoulder Score. Main Outcome Measure(s): Athletes judged as having either normal motion or obvious dyskinesis underwent 3-dimensional electromagnetic kinematic testing while performing the same movements. The kinematic data from both groups were compared via multifactor analysis of variance with post hoc testing using the least significant difference procedure. The relationship between symptoms and scapular dyskinesis was evaluated by odds ratios. Results: Differences were found between the normal and obvious dyskinesis groups. Participants with obvious dyskinesis showed less scapular upward rotation (P < .001), less clavicular elevation (P < .001), and greater clavicular protraction (P = .044). The presence of shoulder symptoms was not different between the normal and obvious dyskinesis volunteers (odds ratio = 0.79, 95% confidence interval = 0.33, 1.89). Conclusions: Shoulders visually judged as having dyskinesis showed distinct alterations in 3-dimensional scapular motion. However, the presence of scapular dyskinesis was not related to shoulder symptoms in athletes engaged in overhead sports.

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Giuseppe, Longo Umile, Risi Ambrogioni Laura, Alessandra Berton, Vincenzo Candela, Carlo Massaroni, Arianna Carnevale, Giovanna Stelitano, et al. "Scapular Dyskinesis: From Basic Science to Ultimate Treatment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 8 (April 24, 2020): 2974. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17082974.

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Background: This study intends to summarize the causes, clinical examination, and treatments of scapular dyskinesis (SD) and to briefly investigate whether alteration can be managed by a precision rehabilitation protocol planned on the basis of features derived from clinical tests. Methods: We performed a comprehensive search of PubMed, Cochrane, CINAHL and EMBASE databases using various combinations of the keywords “Rotator cuff”, “Scapula”, “Scapular Dyskinesis”, “Shoulder”, “Biomechanics” and “Arthroscopy”. Results: SD incidence is growing in patients with shoulder pathologies, even if it is not a specific injury or directly related to a particular injury. SD can be caused by multiple factors or can be the trigger of shoulder-degenerative pathologies. In both cases, SD results in a protracted scapula with the arm at rest or in motion. Conclusions: A clinical evaluation of altered shoulder kinematics is still complicated. Limitations in observing scapular motion are mainly related to the anatomical position and function of the scapula itself and the absence of a tool for quantitative SD clinical assessment. High-quality clinical trials are needed to establish whether there is a possible correlation between SD patterns and the specific findings of shoulder pathologies with altered scapular kinematics.

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Yeşilyaprak, Sevgi Sevi, Ertuğrul Yüksel, and Serpil Kalkan. "Influence of Pectoralis Minor Muscle and Upper Trapez Muscle Tightness in Scapular Dyskinesis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00149.

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Objectives: Alterations in scapular kinematics were found in individuals with shoulder problems compared with healthy individuals. These alterations in scapular kinematics such as changes in the normal position or any abnormal motion of the scapula during active motions are defined as “’Scapular Dyskinesis (SD)”. Relationship between tight muscles and scapular kinematics has been investigated. Pectoralis Minor Muscle Tightness (PMMT) effects scapular motion and make changes in scapular kinematics. Although there are some studies indicating a possible relationship between PMM or Upper Trapezius Muscle Tightness (UTMT) and SD, this relationship hasn’t been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of PMMT and UTMT on SD in an asymptomatic population. Methods: One-hundred-eleven participants (mean age: 22.73±3.45 years old, 222 arms, 42 Female-69 Male) were recruited. Subjects were eligible if they were ≥18 years of age, having active full shoulder motion and who has no health problem to hinder them from participate. Individuals with symptoms produced by cervical spine motion, impingement syndrome, frozen shoulder, shoulder instability and a history of shoulder fracture/surgery were excluded. Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT) was used to identify SD. PMMT was determined by Pectoralis Minor Index (PMI), UTMT by UTMT Test. Logistic regression analysis performed to ascertain the effects of PMMT and UTMT on the likelihood that participants have SD. Results: SD was identified in 62 arms (27.9%), PMMT in 32 arms (14.4%), and UTMT in 75 arms (33.8%) in total number of participants. PMMT was determined in 23 arms (37.1%) and UTMT in 39 arms (62.9%) in participants with SD. The logistic regression model was statistically significant, X2=65.472, p<.000, df= 2. The model explained 36.8% (Nagelkerke R2) of the variance in SD and correctly classified 78.4% of cases. The Wald criterion demonstrated that both PMMT and UTMT made a significant contribution to prediction (p<0.000 for PMMT, p<0.000 for PMMT). People who have PMMT were 13.76 times more likely to exhibit SD than people who haven’t. People who have UTMT were 7.59 times more likely to exhibit SD than people who haven’t. Conclusion: It was determined that people with PMMT and UTMT are more likely to exhibit SD than people who have normal muscle length in this asymptomatic population. Assessment of PMMT and UTMT could be included as a routine part of the scapula and scapular dyskinesia examination. This investigation should be repeated in symptomatic population who has shoulder problems. The effects of various interventions for lengthening these muscles in scapular dyskinesia, needs further research.

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Kovács, Dominik Norbert, Márton Moldoványi, Veronika Varga, Márta Hock, and Eleonóra Leidecker. "Scapuladyskinesis: a vállelváltozások origója?" Orvosi Hetilap 162, no. 15 (April 11, 2021): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2021.32038.

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Összefoglaló. Bevezetés: A megváltozott statikus és/vagy dinamikus lapockapozíciót, azaz a scapuladyskinesist gyakran vonják párhuzamba a vállelváltozásokkal. Mindemellett a lapocka kinematikai eltérései nagy számban jelen lehetnek tünetmentes egyéneknél is, melegágyat biztosítva a későbbi vállelváltozások kialakulásának. Célkitűzés: Munkánk fő célja az volt, hogy felhívja a figyelmet ezen problémakör fontosságára, valamint hogy megvizsgálja a scapuladyskinesis előfordulásának gyakoriságát és körülményeit az átlagpopulációban. Módszer: Mintánk 70 főből állt (átlagéletkor: 22,17 ± 1,77 év). 67%-uk férfi, míg 33%-uk nő volt. A scapuladyskinesis fennállását McClure-féle ’Scapular Dyskinesis Test’-tel vizsgáltuk. A résztvevők vállfájdalmának intenzitását vizuális analóg skála segítségével, habituális testtartásukat fotogrammetriás módszerrel, főbb lapockastabilizáló izmaik izomerejét pedig Kendall-féle manuális izomerőtesztekkel mértük fel. Mindemellett felvettük antropometriai adataikat, valamint megkérdeztük, hogy milyen gyakran végeznek sporttevékenységet. Eredmények: A résztvevők 53%-ánál találtunk valamilyen fokú scapuladyskinesist. A habituális testtartást vizsgáló fotogrammetriás felmérés eredményei és a scapuladyskinesist mérő McClure-féle teszt eredményei között szignifikáns összefüggést találtunk (p = 0,01). A sportolási gyakoriság és a scapuladyskinesis előfordulása között jelentős összefüggést tapasztaltunk (p = 0,01). A fájdalom erőssége és a scapuladyskinesis előfordulása között szignifikáns volt az összefüggés (p = 0,03). A scapuladyskinesist mérő McClure-féle teszt és az azonos oldali felső végtagon izomerő-csökkenést mutató tesztek eredményei között szintén szignifikáns összefüggést tapasztaltunk (p = 0,01). Következtetés: Az elit sportolók mellett az átlagos populációban is jelentős mértékben jelen lehetnek a lapocka kinematikai eltérései. Mindez jelentős összefüggésben állhat az adott személy életmódjával és egészségmagatartásával, valamint kiemelt szerepet játszhat a krónikus vállfájdalom kialakulásában. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(15): 587–594. Summary. Introduction: The altered static and/or dynamic scapular position, i. e., scapular dyskinesis, is often paralleled with shoulder pathologies. However, shoulder kinematic abnormalities may also be present in large numbers in asymptomatic individuals. Objective: The main goal of our work was to draw attention to the importance of scapular dyskinesis in shoulder pathologies. Method: The final sample consisted of 70 people (average age: 22.17 ± 1.77 years), 67% of them was male and 33% female. The presence of scapular dyskinesis was assessed by McClure’s Scapular Dyskinesis Test. Visual analog scale was used to examine the shoulder pain of the participants, photogrammetric method was used to document their habitual posture. Kendall’s manual muscle testing methods were used to determine the muscle strength of the individual muscles of the shoulder girdle; we also recorded their anthropometric data and asked them about their sporting habits. Results: In 53% of the participants, some degree of scapular dyskinesis was found. We observed significant correlation between the sporting habits and scapular dyskinesis (p = 0.01). Significant correlation was observed between the posture and scapular dyskinesis (p = 0.01). Between the strength of pain and the dyskinesis, we found a significant correlation (p = 0.03). There was a significant correlation between the results of the McClure’s test and the tests showing muscle strength loss around the scapula (p = 0.01). Conclusion: In addition to elite athletes, scapular dyskinesis may also be significantly present in the average population and can play a key role in the development of shoulder pain. Orv Hetil. 2021; 162(15): 587–594.

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Sciascia, Aaron. "Evaluating Scapular Dyskinesis." Athletic Training & Sports Health Care 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 6–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/19425864-20191107-01.

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Sciascia, Aaron. "Managing Scapular Dyskinesis." Athletic Training & Sports Health Care 12, no. 3 (December 16, 2019): 102–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.3928/19425864-20191113-01.

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Ramos, Max Rogerio Freitas, Yonder Archanjo Ching San Junior, and Leonardo Antunes Bellot de Souza. "Swimming as Treatment of Scapular Dyskinesis." Case Reports in Orthopedics 2019 (January 20, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5607970.

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Scapular dyskinesis is quite frequent and can lead to shoulder pain. The diagnosis is essentially clinical. The main cause is muscle imbalance, between the trapezius, rhomboids, and pectoralis minor. In these cases, rehabilitation is the best treatment. We present a case of a young male patient with dyskinesis due to axonal involvement of the long thoracic nerve and paresis of the anterior serratus muscle. After a swimming program to increase muscular strength and imbalance, he experienced pain reduction and functional recovery of the upper limb, with reduction of the winged scapula.

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Nascimento, Ruthe de Góes Xavier do, Nícia Farias Braga Maciel, Liziane Mafra Vale de Souza, Thaís Brazão Siqueira de Lima, Sandra Cristina de Andrade, and Catarina de Oliveira Sousa. "Analysis of the spine posture, mobility and strength in healthy individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis." Acta Fisiátrica 28, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-0190.v28i1a182017.

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Spine posture, mobility and strength can be associated with changes in scapular movement and shoulder pain. However, these aspects have not been assessed in healthy individuals with scapular dyskinesis without shoulder and/or back pain. Objective: To analyze spine posture, mobility and strength in healthy individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis. Method: Cross-sectional study, fifty-two college-aged individuals were divided into two groups, according to scapular dyskinesis testing: a group without scapular dyskinesis (n= 19; age= 22.95±2.86 years; BMI= 22.97±3.12 kg/m²; 10 males) and another with scapular dyskinesis (n= 33; age= 22.06±2.73 years; BMI= 22.14±3.22 kg/m²; 10 males). Posture of the head and shoulders was analyzed from photographs by a postural assessment software (PAS/SAPO). Thoracic kyphosis and range of motion of the cervical and thoracolumbar spine were measured by a digital inclinometer, and the strength of the cervical and thoracolumbar spine muscles by a hand-held dynamometer. Intergroup comparison for all the variables was conducted using analysis of variance (one-way ANOVA), considering p≤0.05 as significant. Results: No intergroup difference was found for spine posture (p= 0.18-0.99), mobility (p= 0.23-0.96) and strength (p= 0.42-0.99). Conclusion: Spine posture, mobility and strength do not differ between healthy individuals with and without scapular dyskinesis. The outcomes suggest that scapular dyskinesis may be related to interpersonal variations. Future prospective studies be conducted in order to verify if these variables can change and influence the development of shoulder pain.

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Sayaca, Cetin, Miray Unal, Mahmut Calik, Filiz Erdem Eyuboglu, Defne Kaya, and A. Merter Ozenci. "Scapular Dyskinesis, Shoulder Joint Position Sense, and Functional Level After Arthroscopic Bankart Repair." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 9, no. 8 (August 1, 2021): 232596712098520. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120985207.

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Background: Scapular kinesia is an important component of glenohumeral rhythm and shoulder stability. No studies have evaluated scapular dyskinesis and its relationship to shoulder proprioception in patients who have undergone arthroscopic Bankart repair (ABR). Purpose: To investigate scapular dyskinesis, proprioception, and functional level after ABR. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: This study included 13 male patients who underwent ABR (ABR group; mean age, 30 years; range, 24-36 years) and 13 sex- and age-matched healthy individuals (control group). The age, height, weight, and dominant side of all participants were collected. Scapular dyskinesis was evaluated using the lateral scapular slide test and the scapular dyskinesis test; proprioception was measured by the active angle reproduction test using a smartphone goniometer application, and functional level was assessed using the upper-quarter Y-balance test for dynamic stability as well as the Rowe score and Walch-Duplay score for quality of life and return to activities of daily living. Results: The presence of static scapular dyskinesis in the neutral position, at 45° of abduction, and at 90° of abduction as well as the presence of dynamic scapular dyskinesis was higher in the ABR group compared with the control group ( P ≤ .04 for all). Shoulder joint position sense (absolute error) at 40° and 100° of shoulder elevation and shoulder functional level according to the Rowe score were worse in the ABR patients compared with the healthy controls ( P ≤ .02 for all). Dynamic scapular dyskinesis was negatively related to shoulder joint position sense at 40° of shoulder elevation ( r = –0.64; P = .01). Static scapular movement as measured on the lateral scapular slide test was moderately related to the Rowe score ( r = 0.58; P = .03). Conclusion: Scapular kinematics and proprioception should be evaluated after ABR. Treatment approaches to improve scapular control and proprioceptive sense should be included in the rehabilitation program for patients after ABR.

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Ozer, Sibel Tekeli, Damla Karabay, and Sevgi Sevi Yesilyaprak. "Taping to Improve Scapular Dyskinesis, Scapular Upward Rotation, and Pectoralis Minor Length in Overhead Athletes." Journal of Athletic Training 53, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 1063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-342-17.

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Context Deviations in scapular motions and subsequent alterations in associated soft tissues are thought to contribute to overuse shoulder injuries in overhead athletes. Whereas rigid and Kinesio taping are recommended for preventing these injuries, high-level evidence from clinical trials is still needed. Objective To determine and compare the short-term effects of rigid and Kinesio taping on scapular dyskinesis, scapular upward rotation, and pectoralis minor length in asymptomatic overhead athletes. Design Randomized controlled trial. Setting Athletic training rooms. Patients or Other Participants Seventy-two elite asymptomatic overhead athletes (age = 17.00 ± 4.09 years, height = 1.75 ± 0.11 m, mass = 67.26 ± 15.25 kg, body mass index = 21.80 ± 3.00). Intervention(s) We randomly assigned participants to 1 of 4 groups: rigid taping, Kinesio taping, placebo, or control (no taping). For the first 3 groups, we applied tape to the shoulder and scapular region. Main Outcome Measure(s) We evaluated all groups for observable scapular dyskinesis using the scapular dyskinesis test, scapular upward rotation using a digital inclinometer, and pectoralis minor length using the pectoralis minor index at baseline, immediately after taping, and at 60 to 72 hours after taping. Results The scapular dyskinesis percentage (P < .05) decreased and the pectoralis minor index (P < .001) increased immediately and at 60 to 72 hours after taping in the rigid-taping and Kinesio-taping groups. We observed no differences among groups for the change in the pectoralis minor index (P > .05). Scapular upward rotation did not change after taping in any group (P > .05). Conclusions Rigid or Kinesio taping of the shoulder and scapular region improved scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor length but did not alter scapular upward rotation. Short-term rigid and Kinesio taping may help improve scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor length in overhead athletes.

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McClure, Philip, Angela R. Tate, Stephen Kareha, Dominic Irwin, and Erica Zlupko. "A Clinical Method for Identifying Scapular Dyskinesis, Part 1: Reliability." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 160–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.2.160.

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Abstract Context: Shoulder injuries are common in athletes involved in overhead sports, and scapular dyskinesis is believed to be one causative factor in these injuries. Many authors assert that abnormal scapular motion, so-called dyskinesis, is related to shoulder injury, but evidence from 3-dimensional measurement studies regarding this relationship is mixed. Reliable and valid clinical methods for detecting scapular dyskinesis are lacking. Objective: To determine the interrater reliability of a new test designed to detect abnormal scapular motion. Design: Correlation design using ratings from multiple pairs of testers. Setting: University athletic training facilities. Patients or Other Participants: A sample of 142 athletes (from National Collegiate Athletic Association Divisions I and III) participating in sports requiring intense overhead arm use. Intervention(s): Participants were videotaped from the posterior aspect while performing 5 repetitions of bilateral, weighted (1.4-kg [3-lb] or 2.3-kg [5-lb]) shoulder flexion and frontal-plane abduction. Videotapes from randomly chosen participants were subsequently viewed and independently rated for the presence of scapular dyskinesis by 6 raters (3 pairs), with each pair rating 30 different participants. Raters were trained to detect scapular dyskinesis using a self-instructional format with standardized operational definitions and videotaped examples of normal and abnormal motion. Main Outcome Measure(s): Scapular dyskinesis was defined as the presence of either winging or dysrhythmia. Right and left sides were rated independently as normal, subtle, or obvious dyskinesis. We calculated percentage of agreement and weighted kappa (κw) coefficients to determine reliability. Results: Percentage of agreement was between 75% and 82%, and κw ranged from 0.48 to 0.61. Conclusions: The test for scapular dyskinesis showed satisfactory reliability for clinical use in a sample of overhead athletes known to be at increased risk for shoulder symptoms.

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Panagiotopoulos, Andreas Christos, and Ian Martyn Crowther. "Scapular Dyskinesia, the forgotten culprit of shoulder pain and how to rehabilitate." SICOT-J 5 (2019): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/sicotj/2019029.

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The improper movement of the scapula during shoulder movement is termed scapular dyskinesis and is an often-forgotten cause of pain and dysfunction. The scapula is a key part of the upper limb kinematic chain and is a vital component of the glenohumeral rhythm; which is a major determinant of the efficiency and efficacy of the upper limb. We provide an overview of the complex regional anatomy of the shoulder girdle and how this allows the scapula to act as a both a dynamic and static stabilizer to the upper limb. We explore the normal biomechanics and the aetiology, epidemiology and pathological occurrences which can disrupt the normal function and lead to scapula dyskinesis. Scapula dyskinesis is a poorly understood condition and provides a challenge for the clinician in both diagnosis and management. We provide a summary of the clinical assessment which is most likely to identify the source of the pathology and guides the treatment which is largely rehabilitation of the musculature with focused and specialized physiotherapy.

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Kibler, W. B., and A. Sciascia. "Current concepts: scapular dyskinesis." British Journal of Sports Medicine 44, no. 5 (December 8, 2009): 300–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsm.2009.058834.

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Pluim, Babette M. "Scapular dyskinesis: practical applications." British Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 14 (August 23, 2013): 875–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2013-092722.

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Özer, Sibel Tekeli, Damla Gülpınar, and Sevgi Sevi Yeşilyaprak. "The effects of shoulder and scapular region rigid taping and kinesio taping on scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor shortness in overhead athletes." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 5, no. 2_suppl2 (February 1, 2017): 2325967117S0008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117s00086.

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Objective: The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of shoulder and scapular region rigid taping and kinesio taping on scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor shortness in overhead athletes. Method: This study included 72 overhead athletes. The athletes were randomly divided into four groups: kinesio taping (shoulder and scapular region) was applied to Kinesio Taping Group (KB), rigid taping (shoulder and scapular region) was applied to Rigid Taping Group (RB), placebo kinesio taping was applied to Placebo Taping Group (PB). Control group received no tape. Demographic data of overhead athletes, anthropometric characteristics, pain severity and injury background were evaluated before taping. Pectoralis minor shortness (Pectoralis Minor Index) and scapular dyskinesis (Scapular Dyskinesis Test) were evaluated before taping, immediately after (30-minutes) taping and after 48 hours of use within 12-24 hours. Control group was evaluated at the same periods. Results: Before taping; demographic, anthropometric and sports-related characteristics were similar in groups and there was no statistically difference (p>0.05). It was determined that Pectoralis Minor Index (PMI) and scapular dyskinesis improved immediately after taping and after 48 hours of use in KB and RB (p<0.05). There were no significant differences after taping for PMI among groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: Kinesio taping and rigid taping seems to have positive effects on scapular dyskinesis and pectoralis minor shortness in overhead athletes. Future studies on larger sample size are needed to verify the differences of the effects of these taping techniques between placebo or controls.

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Oki, Satoshi, Ryogo Furuhata, Yusuke Sakamoto, and Shohei Iwabu. "Distal clavicle fracture malunion associated with scapular dyskinesis treated with 3D preoperative planning." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 3 (March 2021): e240234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-240234.

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A 44-year-old woman with distal clavicular malunion and scapular dyskinesis, causing limited shoulder elevation, underwent clavicular osteotomy 2 years postinjury. We used three-dimensional (3D) surface data from both injured and intact sides for correction of the distal clavicular shape by closing wedge osteotomy. The plate position and screw directions were decided preoperatively. Surgery was performed with reference to a 3D-printed, reduced model. Range of shoulder motion and scapular dyskinesis improved by 1 year postoperatively. Precise corrective osteotomy for distal clavicular malunion, referencing a 3D-printed, reduced model, improved scapular dyskinesis and range of shoulder motion 2 years postinjury.

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Alibazi, Razie J., Afsun Nodehi Moghadam, Ann M. Cools, Enayatollah Bakhshi, and Alireza Aziz Ahari. "The Effect of Shoulder Muscle Fatigue on Acromiohumeral Distance and Scapular Dyskinesis in Women With Generalized Joint Hypermobility." Journal of Applied Biomechanics 33, no. 6 (December 1, 2017): 424–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jab.2016-0056.

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Muscle fatigue is considered to be one cause of shoulder pain, and subjects with generalized joint hypermobility (GJH) are affected more by shoulder pain. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of muscle fatigue on acromiohumeral distance (AHD) and scapular dyskinesis in women with GJH. Thirty-six asymptomatic participants were assigned to either a GJH (n = 20) or control group (n = 16) using the Beighton scale. Before and after elevation fatigue trials, AHD was measured with ultrasonography at rest and when the arm was in 90° active elevation. A scapular dyskinesis test was used to visually observe alterations in scapular movement. Our results showed that in both groups, the fatigue reduced AHD in the 90° elevation position and increased the presence of scapular dyskinesis; however, no differences were found between the two groups. Although GJH has been identified as a factor for developing musculoskeletal disorders, generalized joint hypermobility did not result in changes to scapular dyskinesis or AHD, even after an elevation fatigue task. More studies are needed to evaluate the effects of muscle fatigue in subjects with GJH and a history of shoulder instability.

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Yüksel, Ertuğrul, and Sevgi Sevi Yeşilyaprak. "Correlation Between Scapular Dyskinesis Test and Lateral Scapular Slide Test in Scapular Assessment." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 11_suppl3 (November 1, 2014): 2325967114S0027. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00279.

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Objectives: Alterations of the normal position or any abnormal motion of the scapula during active motions of shoulder is termed Scapular Dyskinesis (SD). SD is quite common in overhead athletes with or without shoulder pain. In addition to overhead athletes, SD has also been identified in healthy, asymptomatic individuals. Although there are several proposed methods to identify SD, there are two common methods used in clinical practice; as Lateral Scapular Slide Test (LSST) and Scapular Dyskinesis Test (SDT). SDT was developed as a dynamic functional test after the development of LSST which is a static measurement. SDT has also relatively higher reliability than LSST. In the 2013 consensus statement from ‘scapular summit’, SDT was recommended as a simple and reliable method for scapular assessment because of being a dynamic functional assessment method. The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation of these two observational tests in asymptomatic population Methods: Eighty-three healthy participants (mean age 21.74±2.3 years, 166 arms, 32 Female-51 Male) were recruited. Participants were eligible if they were ≥18 years of age, having active full shoulder motion, and who have no health problem to hinder them from participate. Individuals with symptoms produced by cervical spine motion, impingement syndrome, frozen shoulder, shoulder instability and a history of shoulder fracture/surgery were excluded. All participants performed SDT and LSST in a random order. Pearson's chi-squared test was used for statistical analysis. Results: SDT detected SD in 44 participants (53%), LSST detected SD in 30 participants (36%). 20 participants (24%) determined as having SD in both tests. There was a moderate significant correlation between SDT and LSST (p=0.000, Pearson Chi-Square value=32.856, Phi=0.445). Conclusion: SDT and LSST have moderate correlation in identifying SD. In recent years, it is suggested that scapula shouldn’t be assessed in static positions/postures. Although both SDT and LSST show the presence of SD, they don’t evaluate SD in the same way because of the fact that LSST is a static assessment method whereas SDT is a dynamic method. Furthermore, SDT has higher reliability rather than other static assessment methods. Moderate correlation between these two tests may not always provide compatible outcome. For these reasons, we don’t recommend the use of LSST solely or instead of SDT in examination of SD. LSST’s complementary role in determination of SD with other assessment methods is arguable due to reliability issues. Optimal observational assessment algorithm in determination of SD should be investigated in future studies.

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Nowotny, Joerg, Philip Kasten, Christian Kopkow, Achim Biewener, and Frieder Mauch. "Evaluation of a New Exercise Program in the Treatment of Scapular Dyskinesis." International Journal of Sports Medicine 39, no. 10 (August 27, 2018): 782–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0608-4584.

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AbstractAn abnormal motion of the scapula, or scapular dyskinesis (SD), can be effectively treated through conservative therapy. The aim of this study is to evaluate a new specific exercise program to restore normal position. A standardized and specific exercise program was created. In a prospective multi-center approach, patients were randomized into two groups: one group received the specific exercise program over a period of six weeks and the controls received massage therapy. The visual-analog scale, QuickDASH score, SICK scapula rating scale, hand press-up position test, lateral scapular slide test and internal rotation of the shoulder were evaluated. Twenty-eight patients were included in the study: fifteen in the exercise group and thirteen in the control group. Pain levels on the visual analog scale (VAS) were significantly reduced in both groups (exercise p=0.007; control p=0.004). The scores for QuickDASH (p=0.001), SICK scapula rating scale (p=0.003) and hand press-up position test (p=0.026) were significantly improved in the exercise group only. Scapula-focused exercise programs, as well as massage therapy, can effectively relieve pain in patients with SD. However, scapula-focused exercises resulted, specifically, in greater improvement of shoulder function.

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Carbone, Stefano, Philipp Moroder, Armin Runer, Herbert Resch, Stefano Gumina, and Ralph Hertel. "Scapular dyskinesis after Latarjet procedure." Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery 25, no. 3 (March 2016): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jse.2015.08.001.

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Roche, Simon J., Lennard Funk, Aaron Sciascia, and W. Ben Kibler. "Scapular dyskinesis: the surgeon’s perspective." Shoulder & Elbow 7, no. 4 (July 16, 2015): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1758573215595949.

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Maor, Maayan Bussiba, Tatyana Ronin, and Leonid Kalichman. "Scapular dyskinesis among competitive swimmers." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 21, no. 3 (July 2017): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2016.11.011.

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Oki, Satoshi, Noboru Matsumura, Wataru Iwamoto, Hiroyasu Ikegami, Yoshimori Kiriyama, Toshiyasu Nakamura, Yoshiaki Toyama, and Takeo Nagura. "The Function of the Acromioclavicular and Coracoclavicular Ligaments in Shoulder Motion." American Journal of Sports Medicine 40, no. 11 (September 11, 2012): 2617–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546512458571.

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Background: Scapulothoracic dyskinesis is an important consequence of acromioclavicular joint dislocations. However, no reports have described changes in 3-dimensional motions of the scapula and clavicle with respect to the thorax caused by acromioclavicular joint dislocation. Hypothesis: Sectioning of the acromioclavicular (AC) and coracoclavicular (CC) ligaments affects scapular and clavicular motion in a whole-cadaver model. Study Design: Controlled laboratory study. Methods: We evaluated shoulder girdle motion (scapula, clavicle, and humerus) relative to the thorax of 14 shoulders from 8 whole cadavers after sequential sectioning of the AC and CC ligaments (trapezoid and conoid ligaments). An electromagnetic tracking device measured 3-dimensional kinematics of the scapula and clavicle during humerothoracic elevation in the coronal and sagittal planes and adduction in the horizontal plane. Results: Sectioning of the AC ligament increased clavicular retraction during sagittal plane elevation and horizontal plane adduction. Sectioning of the trapezoid ligament decreased scapular external rotation during sagittal plane elevation and horizontal plane adduction. Sectioning of the conoid ligament decreased scapular posterior tilting during sagittal plane elevation and horizontal plane adduction. Acromioclavicular and CC ligament sectioning also delayed clavicular posterior rotation and increased clavicular upward rotation during coronal plane elevation. Conclusion: Our study revealed that AC and CC ligament disruption affected in vitro shoulder girdle kinematics in the whole-cadaver model. Clinical Relevance: The results of this cadaveric study revealed that AC and CC ligament disruption could cause dyskinesis of the scapula and clavicle. The kinematic changes could be a potential source of pain and dysfunction in the shoulder with AC joint dislocation, and therefore surgical reconstruction may be indicated in certain patients.

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Park, Jin-Young, Junhyun Kim, Beom Ho Seo, Ho Dong Yu, Ju Hyun Sim, Jae Hyung Lee, Kyung Soo Oh, and Seok Won Chung. "Three-Dimensional Analysis of Scapular Kinematics During Arm Elevation in Baseball Players With Scapular Dyskinesis: Comparison of Dominant and Nondominant Arms." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 29, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2017-0216.

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Background: The knowledge of 3-dimensional scapular kinematics is essential for understanding the pathological lesions of the shoulder and elbow in throwing athletes. Many studies about alterations of the resting scapular position, dynamic scapular motion, or scapular dyskinesis (SD) have been conducted, yet none of them have identified a consistent pattern of altered scapular kinematics in throwing athletes. Hypothesis/Purpose: To analyze the 3-dimensional scapular kinematics of dominant and nondominant arms in baseball players with a pathological condition of the shoulder or elbow. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Bilateral scapular positions, consisting of upward rotation (UR), superior translation (ST), internal rotation (IR), protraction (PRO), and anterior tilting (AT) with an arm at rest and at 150° forward elevation, were measured among 319 baseball players with SD using 3-dimensional computed tomography. Angular values of scapula were compared between dominant and nondominant arms with statistical analysis. Level of Evidence: Level III, diagnostic study. Results: The scapular position of dominant arms showed significantly more AT, less ST at rest and more UR and IR and less ST, PRO, and AT at 150° full forward elevation compared with the nondominant arms. The magnitude of mean change of UR, IR, PRO, and AT during arm elevation increased significantly between the paired arms (P value: UR, ST, PRO, and AT: <.001 and IR: .001). Conclusion: When compared with the nondominant arms, UR, AT, and PRO with the arm at 150° forward elevation of dominant symptomatic arms in baseball players tilted toward positive compensation, whereas IR altered toward negative decompensation. In addition, the angular increment of the scapula increased significantly in dominant symptomatic arms compared with the nondominant arms.

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Degez, Frédéric, and Nicolas Bigorre. "Evaluating Scapular Dyskinesis in Lateral Epicondylitis." HAND 11, no. 1_suppl (September 2016): 132S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1558944716660555jd.

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Du, Wan-Yu, Tsun-Shun Huang, Yuan-Chun Chiu, Szu-Jieh Mao, Li-Wei Hung, Mei-Fang Liu, Jing Lan Yang, and Jiu-Jenq Lin. "Single-Session Video and Electromyography Feedback in Overhead Athletes With Scapular Dyskinesis and Impingement Syndrome." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 3 (March 1, 2020): 265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-490-18.

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Context Subacromial impingement syndrome (SIS) is associated with scapular dyskinesis, or imbalanced scapular muscle activity. Evidence has shown that feedback can improve scapular control in patients with SIS. However, it is unknown whether real-time video feedback or electromyography (EMG) biofeedback is optimal for improving scapular kinematics and muscle activity during a functional task. Objective To compare the effects of video and EMG feedback sessions on absolute muscle activity (upper trapezius [UT], lower trapezius [LT], serratus anterior), muscle balance ratios (UT/LT, UT/serratus anterior), and scapular kinematics (anterior-posterior tilt, external-internal rotation, upward rotation) in SIS participants during arm elevation and lowering. Design Randomized controlled clinical trial. Setting Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants Overhead athletes who were diagnosed with SIS and who also exhibited scapular dyskinesis (N = 41). Main Outcome Measure(s) Three-dimensional kinematics and EMG were recorded before and after feedback training. Results Lower trapezius muscle activity increased (4.2%–18%, P < .011) and UT/LT decreased (0.56–1.17, P < .013) in the EMG biofeedback training group as compared with those in the video feedback training group. Scapular upward rotation during arm elevation was higher in the video group than in the EMG group after feedback training (2.3°, P = .024). Conclusions The EMG biofeedback improved muscle control and video feedback improved the correction of scapular upward rotation in patients with SIS. Trial Registration Number ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03252444.

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Fernandez-Matias, Ruben, Pablo Gallardo-Zamora, Cristina Lorenzo Sanchez-Aguilera, Hector Mardones-Varela, Tomas Gallego-Izquierdo, and Daniel Pecos-Martin. "Reliability of the Scapula Reposition Test in Subjects with Rotator Cuff Tendinopathy and Scapular Dyskinesis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 1 (December 28, 2019): 80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9010080.

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The Scapula Reposition Test (SRT) is proposed to determine if a relationship exists between scapular dyskinesis and shoulder pathology. The purpose of this study was to evaluate intra-rater and inter-rater reliability of the SRT in subjects with rotator cuff tendinopathy and scapular dyskinesis. In addition, we compared subjective strength findings from the test to an objective measure made by dynamometry. The SRT was independently and randomly performed by two physical therapists in 42 subjects. The percent agreement, Cohen’s kappa (κ), maximum attainable κ, prevalence and bias indexes, and prevalence-adjusted-bias-adjusted kappa were used as intra- and inter-rater reliability estimates. Finally, the point-biserial correlation coefficient (rpb) was used for correlation analysis of objective and subjective strength findings. A moderate intra-rater (κ = 0.43; CI 95%, 0.14 to 0.73; p = 0.004) and poor inter-rater (κ = 0.08; CI 95%, −0.22 to 0.38; p = 0.61) agreement was found. Subjective strength changes during SRT and dynamometry were poorly correlated (rpb = 0.137; CI 95%, −0.175 to 0.423; p = 0.389). The SRT cannot be recommended for clinical practice. More studies evaluating its reliability are needed as well as further research on the capability of a rater to manually detect strength changes.

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Acet, Nagihan, Nevin Guzel, Ilke Keser, and Osman Kurukahvecioglu. "Scapular dyskinesis in patients with breast cancer." Annals of Medical Research 27, no. 9 (2020): 2311. http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/annalsmedres.2019.12.909.

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Ettinger, Luke, Matthew Shapiro, and Andrew Karduna. "Subacromial Injection Results in Further Scapular Dyskinesis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 8 (August 2014): 232596711454410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114544104.

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Provencher, Matthew, Petar Golijanin, Daniel Gross, Kevin J. Campbell, Tistia Gaston, and Shawn Anthony. "Isolated Pectoralis Minor Release for Scapular Dyskinesis." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 2, no. 7_suppl2 (July 2014): 2325967114S0009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967114s00097.

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Preziosi Standoli, Jacopo, Francesco Fratalocchi, Vittorio Candela, Tiziano Preziosi Standoli, Giuseppe Giannicola, Marco Bonifazi, and Stefano Gumina. "Scapular Dyskinesis in Young, Asymptomatic Elite Swimmers." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 6, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 232596711775081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967117750814.

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Background: Overhead athletes are at a greater risk of developing scapular dyskinesis (SD). Although swimming is considered an overhead sport, information regarding SD in these athletes is scarce. Purpose: To determine the prevalence of SD in young, asymptomatic elite swimmers. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 661 asymptomatic elite swimmers were enrolled in this study (344 male, 317 female; mean age, 15.83 ± 2.20 years). Anthropometric characteristics, training routine, and stroke specialty were recorded. SD was assessed using a dynamic test consisting of an examination of the shoulder blades throughout synchronous forward flexion motion in the sagittal plane and was deemed to be either present or absent. Each movement was repeated 5 times. These evaluations were performed with athletes at rest, before any training or competition. Statistical analysis was performed. Results: SD was detected in 56 (8.5%) participants. Type I SD was the most common (46.5%); male participants were 2 times as likely to have SD as female participants (39 male, 17 female; P < .01). No correlation was found between the dominant limb and side affected ( P = .258); rather, a correlation was found between the breathing side and side affected, in that swimmers with a preferred breathing side were more prone to develop SD in the opposite shoulder ( P < .05). Swimmers involved in long-distance races were found to have a greater risk of developing SD ( P = .01). Conclusion: SD may be an asymptomatic condition in elite young swimmers and is present in 8.5% of these athletes. Early diagnosis may be useful for asymptomatic athletes with SD and to avoid its possible evolution to a symptomatic condition.

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Nowotny, Jörg, C. Kopkow, F. Mauch, and P. Kasten. "Effective rehabilitation in patients with scapular dyskinesis." Obere Extremität 11, no. 1 (January 5, 2016): 40–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11678-015-0344-y.

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Andersson, Stig Haugsboe, Roald Bahr, Benjamin Clarsen, and Grethe Myklebust. "Risk factors for overuse shoulder injuries in a mixed-sex cohort of 329 elite handball players: previous findings could not be confirmed." British Journal of Sports Medicine 52, no. 18 (August 7, 2017): 1191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2017-097648.

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BackgroundShoulder injuries are common among handball players and predominantly characterised by overuse characteristics. Reduced total glenohumeral rotation, external rotation weakness and scapular dyskinesis have been identified as risk factors among elite male handball players.AimTo assess whether previously identified risk factors are associated with overuse shoulder injuries in a large cohort of elite male and female handball players.Methods329 players (168 male, 161 female) from the two upper divisions in Norway were included and tested prior to the 2014–2015 season. Measures included glenohumeral internal and external rotation range of motion, isometric internal and external rotation strength, and assessment of scapular dyskinesis. Players were followed prospectively for one competitive season, with prevalence and severity of shoulder problems registered monthly using the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Overuse Injury Questionnaire. A severity score based on players’ questionnaire responses was used as the outcome measure in multivariable logistic regression to investigate associations between candidate risk factors and overuse shoulder injury.ResultsNo significant associations were found between total rotation (OR 1.05 per 5° change, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.13), external rotation strength (OR 1.05 per 10 N change, 95% CI 0.92 to 1.20) or obvious scapular dyskinesis (OR 1.23, 95% CI 0.25 to 5.99) and overuse shoulder injury. A significant positive association was found between greater internal rotation (OR 1.16 per 5° change, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34) and overuse shoulder injury.ConclusionNone of the previously identified risk factors were associated with overuse shoulder injuries in a mixed-sex cohort of elite handball players.

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Kibler, Ben W., and John McMullen. "Scapular Dyskinesis and Its Relation to Shoulder Pain." Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 11, no. 2 (March 2003): 142–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/00124635-200303000-00008.

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Kibler, Benjamin W., Aaron Sciascia, and Trevor Wilkes. "Scapular Dyskinesis and Its Relation to Shoulder Injury." Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons 20, no. 6 (June 2012): 364–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5435/jaaos-20-06-364.

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Uhl, Tim L., W. Ben Kibler, Ben Gecewich, and Brady L. Tripp. "Evaluation of Clinical Assessment Methods for Scapular Dyskinesis." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 25, no. 11 (November 2009): 1240–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2009.06.007.

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Chen, Yueh-Hsia, Cheng-Ya Huang, Wei-An Liang, Chi-Rung Lin, and Yuan-Hung Chao. "Effects of Conscious Control of Scapular Orientation in Oral Cancer Survivors With Scapular Dyskinesis: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Integrative Cancer Therapies 20 (January 2021): 153473542110408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15347354211040827.

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Objectives: Spinal accessory nerve dysfunction is one of the complications of neck dissection in patients with oral cancer. This study aimed to explore the effects of long-term scapular-focused exercises and conscious control of scapular orientation on scapular movement and quality of life (QoL). Methods: This study was a randomized controlled trial with concealed allocation, assessor blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis. Thirty-six patients with oral cancer were randomly allocated to the motor-control group (scapular-focused exercise + conscious control of scapular orientation) or the regular-exercise group (scapular-focused exercises only). Both groups received conventional physical therapy after neck dissection for 3 months. Shoulder pain intensity, active range of motion (AROM) of shoulder abduction, scapular muscle strength and activity under maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC), scapular muscle activity when performing scapular movements, and QoL were measured at baseline, 1 month after the start of the intervention, and the end of the intervention. Results: Both groups showed significant improvement in all outcomes except shoulder pain intensity. After the 3-month intervention, the motor-control group had more significant improvement in AROM of shoulder abduction with a 19° difference (95% CI: 10-29, P < .001), muscle strength of upper trapezius with an 11 N difference (95% CI: 2-20; P = .021), and QoL than the regular-exercise group. When performing shoulder horizontal adduction and flexion, the relative value (%MVIC) of serratus anterior was smaller in the motor-control group with a 106%MVIC difference (95% CI: 7-205, P = .037). Conclusions: Scapular-focused exercises have promising effects on spinal accessory nerve dysfunction. Combining scapular-focused exercises with conscious control of scapular orientation has more remarkable benefits on AROM of shoulder abduction, UT muscle strength, and muscle activation pattern than the scapular-focused exercises alone. Conscious control of scapular orientation should be considered to integrate into scapular-focused exercises in patients with oral cancer and scapular dyskinesis. Trial registry name and URL, and registration number: ClinicalTrials.gov (URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov ; Approval No: NCT03545100)

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van den Noort, J. C., S. H. Wiertsema, K. M. C. Hekman, C. P. Schönhuth, J. Dekker, and J. Harlaar. "Effect of scapula locator double calibration on measurement of scapular kinematics with inertial and magnetic sensors in scapular dyskinesis." Gait & Posture 42 (December 2015): S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gaitpost.2015.03.055.

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Huang, Tsun-Shun, Wan-Yu Du, and Jiu-Jenq Lin. "Clinical Factors Related to Improved Scapular Control After a Scapular Conscious Control Program in Symptomatic Overhead Athletes: Secondary Analysis of a Randomized Controlled Trial." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 232596712096460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120964600.

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Background: Predictive variables associated with the effects of a scapular conscious control program should be identified and used to guide rehabilitation programs. Purpose: To determine whether potential factors are associated with the success of scapular muscle balance with an early control program in patients with subacromial pain and scapular dyskinesis. Study Design: Case-control study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: A total of 38 amateur overhead athletes with subacromial pain and medial border prominence were recruited. They performed progressive conscious control of scapular orientation during 45° and 90° of arm elevation. Stepwise logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curve were used to determine the optimal cutoff point of related factors for success or failure of the program. Potential factors including pain level during activity, pain duration, anterior/posterior shoulder flexibility, forward shoulder posture, posterior displacement of root of spine and inferior angle, scapular kinematics, and muscle activation before conscious control program were recorded as independent variables. Successful control defined as decreases of the upper trapezius/serratus anterior ratio in 2 consecutive trials of the 90° program or failure in the program was used as a dependent variable. Results: Having a posterior displacement of the inferior angle of the scapula of ≤16.4 mm and scapular posterior tipping during arm elevation of ≤3.3° (collected before the control program) were associated with the success of the program ( R 2 = 0.286; P < .05). Additionally, participants with each or both variables present at baseline had probabilities of success of 78% and 95%, respectively. Conclusion: The value of scapular posterior displacement and posterior tilt should be considered before early scapular control program. Other factors related to the success of the program should be found due to the limited variance explained in the regression model.

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Intelangelo, Leonardo, Diego Bordachar, and Alexandre Wesley Carvalho Barbosa. "Effects of scapular taping in young adults with shoulder pain and scapular dyskinesis." Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies 20, no. 3 (July 2016): 525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2015.11.014.

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Tooth, Camille, Cédric Schwartz, David Colman, Jean-Louis Croisier, Stephen Bornheim, Olivier Brüls, Vincent Denoël, and Bénédicte Forthomme. "Kinesiotaping for scapular dyskinesis: The influence on scapular kinematics and on the activity of scapular stabilizing muscles." Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 51 (April 2020): 102400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jelekin.2020.102400.

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van den Noort, Josien C., Suzanne H. Wiertsema, Karin M. C. Hekman, Casper P. Schönhuth, Joost Dekker, and Jaap Harlaar. "Measurement of scapular dyskinesis using wireless inertial and magnetic sensors: Importance of scapula calibration." Journal of Biomechanics 48, no. 12 (September 2015): 3460–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2015.05.036.

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Gumina, Stefano, Stefano Carbone, and Franco Postacchini. "Scapular Dyskinesis and SICK Scapula Syndrome in Patients With Chronic Type III Acromioclavicular Dislocation." Arthroscopy: The Journal of Arthroscopic & Related Surgery 25, no. 1 (January 2009): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.arthro.2008.08.019.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Scapular Dyskinesis'

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