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Journal articles on the topic 'Scar healing'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 3 February 2022

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1

Bashyam, Hema. "Scar-free healing." Journal of Experimental Medicine 205, no. 1 (January 7, 2008): 2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.2051iti4.

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2

Pugliese, Eugenia, João Q. Coentro, Michael Raghunath, and Dimitrios I. Zeugolis. "Wound healing and scar wars." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 129 (April 2018): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2018.05.010.

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3

Stoica, Alexandra Elena, Alexandru Mihai Grumezescu, Anca Oana Hermenean, Ecaterina Andronescu, and Bogdan Stefan Vasile. "Scar-Free Healing: Current Concepts and Future Perspectives." Nanomaterials 10, no. 11 (October 31, 2020): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10112179.

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Every year, millions of people develop scars due to skin injuries after trauma, surgery, or skin burns. From the beginning of wound healing development, scar hyperplasia, and prolonged healing time in wound healing have been severe problems. Based on the difference between adult and fetal wound healing processes, many promising therapies have been developed to decrease scar formation in skin wounds. Currently, there is no good or reliable therapy to cure or prevent scar formation. This work briefly reviews the engineering methods of scarless wound healing, focusing on regenerative biomaterials and different cytokines, growth factors, and extracellular components in regenerative wound healing to minimize skin damage cell types, and scar formation.
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Monavarian, Mehri, Safaa Kader, Seyedsina Moeinzadeh, and Esmaiel Jabbari. "Regenerative Scar-Free Skin Wound Healing." Tissue Engineering Part B: Reviews 25, no. 4 (August 2019): 294–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2018.0350.

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5

Ud-Din, Sara, Susan W. Volk, and Ardeshir Bayat. "Regenerative healing, scar-free healing and scar formation across the species: current concepts and future perspectives." Experimental Dermatology 23, no. 9 (July 21, 2014): 615–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/exd.12457.

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6

Fomovsky, Gregory M., and Jeffrey W. Holmes. "Evolution of scar structure, mechanics, and ventricular function after myocardial infarction in the rat." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 298, no. 1 (January 2010): H221—H228. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00495.2009.

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The mechanical properties of the healing scar are an important determinant of heart function following myocardial infarction. Yet the relationship between scar structure, scar mechanics, and ventricular function remains poorly understood, in part because no published study has tracked all of these factors simultaneously in any animal model. We therefore studied the temporal evolution of scar structure, scar mechanics, and left ventricular (LV) function in large anterior myocardial infarcts in rats. At 1, 2, 3, and 6 wk after left anterior descending coronary ligation, we examined LV function using sonomicrometry, infarct mechanical properties using biaxial mechanical testing, infarct structure using polarized light microscopy, and scar collagen content and cross-linking using biochemical assays. Healing infarcts in the rat were structurally and mechanically isotropic at all time points. Collagen content increased with time and was the primary determinant of scar mechanical properties. The presence of healing infarcts influenced systolic LV function through a rightward shift of the end-systolic pressure-volume relationship (ESPVR) that depended on infarct size, infarct collagen content, and LV dilation. We conclude that in sharp contrast to previous reports in large animal models, healing infarcts are structurally and mechanically isotropic in the standard rat model of myocardial infarction. On the basis of the regional strain patterns we observed in healing rat infarcts in this study and in healing pig infarcts in previous studies, we hypothesize that the local pattern of stretching determines collagen alignment in healing myocardial infarct scars.
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7

Gorti, Goutham Krishna, and R. James Koch. "Modulation of wound healing and scar formation." Current Opinion in Otolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery 10, no. 4 (August 2002): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00020840-200208000-00009.

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8

Rich, L. "Dermal Wound Closure Methods Alter Scar Healing." Academic Emergency Medicine 12, Supplement 1 (May 1, 2005): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2005.03.205.

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9

DiPietro, Luisa A. "Angiogenesis and scar formation in healing wounds." Current Opinion in Rheumatology 25, no. 1 (January 2013): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/bor.0b013e32835b13b6.

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10

Deliaert, A. E. K., E. Van den Kerckhove, S. Tuinder, S. M. J. S. Noordzij, T. S. Dormaar, and R. R. W. J. van der Hulst. "Smoking and its effect on scar healing." European Journal of Plastic Surgery 35, no. 6 (January 3, 2012): 421–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00238-011-0661-3.

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11

Roberge, Stéphanie, and Emmanuel Bujold. "Letter to Editor: Impact of labor on uterine scar healing." Open Medicine 8, no. 4 (August 1, 2013): 434–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11536-012-0140-7.

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AbstractUltrasound of uterine scar after cesarean and measurement of its thickness can be used to evaluate its healing and risk factors for scar defect and uterine rupture. However, we believe that a period of up to 6 months after surgery is necessary to achieve complete healing of the scar, especially in cases of cesarean performed during labor.
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12

Rozenfeld, Evgeni, Eleanora Sapoznikov Sebakhutu, Yuval Krieger, and Leonid Kalichman. "Dry needling for scar treatment." Acupuncture in Medicine 38, no. 6 (March 30, 2020): 435–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0964528420912255.

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Objective: To review current scientific knowledge as to the efficacy of dry needling of scars on pain and other related symptoms and explore the possible physiological mechanisms of action. Methods: A narrative review of scientific literature published in English. Results: Two randomized controlled trials found that dry needling of scars (using the classic “surrounding the dragon” technique in one study and intradermal needling in a second study) was more effective than sham or control interventions with respect to scar appearance and pain. Two case reports have suggested that scar needling generates a rapid decrease in pain and improvement of mobility in scarred tissues. Another two case reports have reported positive effects of scar needling on the wound healing process. These findings are supported by an animal study examining the effect of needling on the wound healing process and the physiological mechanisms of action underlying the technique. Conclusion: There is preliminary evidence that the “surrounding the dragon” needling technique is a beneficial treatment for patients suffering from scar pain and other scar-related symptoms and can facilitate wound healing and make this process less painful. Further high-quality studies should be conducted to verify/quantify the efficacy of this method, to better understand the underlying mechanisms of action underlying the effects of scar needling and to establish an effective intervention protocol.
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13

Shokri, Tom, Jesse Smith, and Yadranko Ducic. "Paradigms in Complex Facial Scar Management." Seminars in Plastic Surgery 34, no. 04 (November 2020): 305–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1721768.

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AbstractThe process of scar formation is a sequela of the healing following soft tissue injury extending to, or through, the reticular dermis. Scars, within the head and neck in particular, may be physically disfiguring with resultant psychosocial implications. Mitigation of excessive scar formation during the healing process following surgery, or in the setting of trauma, begins with meticulous soft tissue handling and reconstructive technique. The reconstructive surgeon's armamentarium must therefore include techniques that minimize initial scar formation and revision techniques that address unfavorable outcomes. With this in mind, this article reviews both conservative nonsurgical and surgical treatment modalities that mitigate scar formation or address mature scar formation.
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14

Lin, Haisheng, Zhihong Zheng, Jianjun Yuan, Chaohua Zhang, Wenhong Cao, and Xiaoming Qin. "Collagen Peptides Derived from Sipunculus nudus Accelerate Wound Healing." Molecules 26, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26051385.

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Marine collagen peptides have high potential in promoting skin wound healing. This study aimed to investigate wound healing activity of collagen peptides derived from Sipunculus nudus (SNCP). The effects of SNCP on promoting healing were studied through a whole cortex wound model in mice. Results showed that SNCP consisted of peptides with a molecular weight less than 5 kDa accounted for 81.95%, rich in Gly and Arg. SNCP possessed outstanding capacity to induce human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC), human immortalized keratinocytes (HaCaT) and human skin fibroblasts (HSF) cells proliferation and migration in vitro. In vivo, SNCP could markedly improve the healing rate and shorten the scab removal time, possessing a scar-free healing effect. Compared with the negative control group, the expression level of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) in the SNCP group was significantly down-regulated at 7 days post-wounding (p < 0.01). Moreover, the mRNA level of mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 7 (Smad7) in SNCP group was up-regulated (p < 0.01); in contrast, type II TGF-β receptors, collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin were significantly down-regulated at 28 days (p < 0.01). These results indicate that SNCP possessed excellent activity of accelerating wound healing and inhibiting scar formation, and its mechanism was closely related to reducing inflammation, improving collagen deposition and recombination and blockade of the TGF-β/Smads signal pathway. Therefore, SNCP may have promising clinical applications in skin wound repair and scar inhibition.
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15

Rosique, Rodrigo G., Marina J. Rosique, and Jayme A. Farina Junior. "Curbing Inflammation in Skin Wound Healing: A Review." International Journal of Inflammation 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/316235.

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Wound healing is a complex regulated process that results in skin scar formation in postnatal mammals. Chronic wounds are major medical problems that can confer devastating consequences. Currently, there are no treatments to prevent scarring. In the early fetus wounds heal without scarring and the healing process is characterized by relatively less inflammation compared to adults; therefore, research aimed at reducing the inflammatory process related to wound healing might speed healing and improve the final scar appearance.
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16

Huang, Lin, and Li Wenzhi. "The Role of the Undermining during Circular Excision of Secondary Intention Healing." American Surgeon 80, no. 6 (June 2014): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000313481408000623.

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Circular excision by secondary intention healing is useful for small skin defects. The study compared the effect of the neighboring undermining on wound healing. Patients undergoing circular excision (diameters less than 20 mm) were divided into four groups in sequence by the range of neighboring subcutaneous undermining. Key outcome measures were complication rate, healing time, mature scar width, and quality. Statistical differences between different undermining types were assessed. Six hundred twenty-eight patients were randomized. No complication rates differed among undermining types. Groups 4 (range 15 mm) and 3 (range 10 mm) did not differ in healing time but healed faster than Group 2 (range 5 mm); the slowest was Group 1 (range 0 mm). Scar width measured declined from Group 1 to Group 4. The visual assessment of mature scars rating increased gradually, including Groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, but there was no difference between Groups 3 and 4. The undermining of the surrounding tissue is useful to promote secondary intention healing of small skin defects and to improve the cosmetic results of the final scar. The study compared the effect of neighboring undermining on wound secondary healing of circular excision. Key outcome measures were complication rate, healing time, mature scar width, and quality. Statistical differences between different undermining types were used.
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17

Gulzar, M. Rehman, Faiqa Aslam, Muhammad Umar Farooq, Shahbaz Ahmad, Sabeen Adil, and Shuja Tahir. "Comparative study of linear closure technique versur purse string closure technique of skin closure in stoma reversal." Professional Medical Journal 27, no. 05 (May 10, 2020): 1038–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.29309/tpmj/2020.27.05.4184.

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Objectives: To compare the results of linear closure technique with purse string closure technique in terms of surgical site infection, wound healing (scar cosmesis) and wound length. Study Design: Comparative Study. Setting: Surgical Unit V, Faisalabad Medical University, Faisalabad. Period: January 2016 to January 2019. Material & Methods: A total of 100 patients were operated in our unit during the study period & were allocated into two groups randomly: Group A (Linear closure) Group B (Purse string closure) included 50 patients in each group. The primary outcome measures were, surgical site infection, wound healing (scar cosmesis) and wound length. Results: During follow up period Surgical site infection was noted in 17 patients out of 100 with 14 patients in Group A and 03 Patients in Group B (p value 0.002). Regarding wound healing 60% patients were having good scar and 20% patients were having satisfactory and 20% having poor scar in Group A. while in Group B 82% patients were having good scar and 18% patients were having satisfactory scar (p value 0.00). Mean wound length in Group A was 5.14 with SD 1.2978 while in Group B mean length was 3.8 with SD 1.3095. Conclusion: Our study concludes that purse string closure is superior to linear closure technique in terms of surgical site infection, wound healing (scar cosmesis) and wound length.
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18

Daniszewska-Jarząb, Iga, and Sławomir Jarząb. "Manual scar therapy on the example of a caesarean section scar." Aesthetic Cosmetology and Medicine 10, no. 4 (August 2021): 201–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.52336/acm.2021.10.4.05.

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Surgical procedures (including cesarean section) or accidental cuts, may leave marks on the skin in the form of scars and accompanying ailments. There are many methods of scar treatment, including physiotherapeutic techniques. The aim of the study was to present the issues of manual work with a scar on the example of a scar after a caesarean section. Soft tissue manipulation techniques allow physiotherapists to be effective in removing the negative effects of poor wound healing, including restoring the aesthetics of visible tissues.
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19

Calderone, Angelino. "Nestin+ cells and healing the infarcted heart." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 302, no. 1 (January 2012): H1—H9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00716.2011.

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Scar formation following an ischemic insult to the heart is referred to as reparative fibrosis and represents an essential physiological response to heal the damaged myocardium. The biological events of reparative fibrosis include inflammation, the deposition of collagen by myofibroblasts, sympathetic innervation, and angiogenesis. Several studies have further reported that scar formation was associated with the recruitment of neural crest-derived cardiac resident nestin+ cells that display characteristics consistent with a neural progenitor/stem cell phenotype. During the reparative fibrotic response, these nestin+ cells participate in neural remodeling and represent a novel cellular substrate of angiogenesis. In addition, a subpopulation of nestin+ cells identified in the normal heart expressed cardiac progenitor transcriptional factors and may directly contribute to myocardial regeneration following ischemic damage. Nestin protein was also detected in endothelial cells of newly formed blood vessels in the scar and may represent a marker of revascularization. Lastly, nestin was induced in a subpopulation of smooth muscle α-actin+ scar-derived myofibroblasts, and the expression of the intermediate filament protein may provide a proliferative advantage. Collectively, these data demonstrate that diverse populations of nestin+ cells participate in cardiac wound healing.
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20

Beanes, Steven R., Catherine Dang, Chia Soo, and Kang Ting. "Skin repair and scar formation: the central role of TGF-β." Expert Reviews in Molecular Medicine 5, no. 8 (March 21, 2003): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1462399403005817.

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Wound healing is a complex process that we have only recently begun to understand. Central to wound repair is transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), a cytokine secreted by several different cell types involved in healing. TGF-β has diverse effects, depending upon the tissue studied. This review focuses on healing in skin, particularly the phases of cutaneous wound repair and the role of TGF-β in normal and impaired wound-healing models. It also explores TGF-β activity in scarless foetal wound healing. Knowledge of TGF-β function in scarless repair is critical to improving healing in clinical scenarios, such as diabetic wounds and hypertrophic scars.
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21

Yokoyama, Masataka, and Shahin Rafii. "Setting up the dermis for scar-free healing." Nature Cell Biology 20, no. 4 (March 28, 2018): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41556-018-0080-9.

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22

Willyard, Cassandra. "Unlocking the secrets of scar-free skin healing." Nature 563, no. 7732 (November 2018): S86—S88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/d41586-018-07430-w.

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23

Sammour, Hazem Mohamed, Abdellatif Galal Elkholy, and Radwa Rasheedy Ali. "Impact of Parity on Early Cesarean Scar Healing." Egyptian Journal of Hospital Medicine 71, no. 2 (April 2018): 2530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.12816/0045652.

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24

Satish, Latha, and Sandeep Kathju. "Cellular and Molecular Characteristics of Scarless versus Fibrotic Wound Healing." Dermatology Research and Practice 2010 (2010): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/790234.

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The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the discrete biology differentiating fetal wound repair from its adult counterpart. Integumentary wound healing in mammalian fetuses is essentially different from wound healing in adult skin. Adult (postnatal) skin wound healing is a complex and well-orchestrated process spurred by attendant inflammation that leads to wound closure with scar formation. In contrast, fetal wound repair occurs with minimal inflammation, faster re-epithelialization, and without the accumulation of scar. Although research into scarless healing began decades ago, the critical molecular mechanisms driving the process of regenerative fetal healing remain uncertain. Understanding the molecular and cellular events during regenerative healing may provide clues that one day enable us to modulate adult wound healing and consequently reduce scarring.
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Стельмах, Sergey Stelmakh, Бадмаев, Nikita Badmaev, Разуваева, Yanina Razuvaeva, Очиров, Oleg Ochirov, Могнонов, and Dmitriy Mognonov. "wound-healIng effect of polyguanIdIne-based hydrogel." Бюллетень Восточно-Сибирского научного центра Сибирского отделения Российской академии медицинских наук 1, no. 5 (December 6, 2016): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23405.

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This article present the evaluation of polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride hydrogel influence on the course of wound healing processes. Synthesis of hydrogel is based on the interaction of amino-end groups of the polymer with carbonyl compounds. The presence of significant biocidal properties of the gel-forming polymer is allowed to consider the hydrogel as a wound healing agent. Since most wound healing agents for external use are made in the form of gels, ointments, poly-mer-based, it was decided to use the wound healing agent “Levomekol”, a gel which consists of poly (ethylene oxide) as a comparison drug. So, in terms of linear skin-muscle wound we established the pronounced wound-healing effect of a polyhexamethyleneguanidine hydrochloride hydrogel. The results of pathomorphological studies revealed that in animals of the experimental “hydrogel” group on the eighth day of the experiment, the wound was undergoing a process of rejection of the scab, the presence of mature granulation tissue and no exudate was also observed. In the comparison group, the healing process was more slow, on the eighth day of the experiment in the animal group we observed the presence of fluid under the eschar, and lower amount of mature granulation tissue. Tensiometry of the scar has shown that the strength of scar rupture in the “hydrogel” group requires 65% more force compared to the control group, while in the group of comparison this parameter made only 48%.
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26

Shah, Ruchi, and Yogesh Pant. "An unusual case of incomplete healing with intraosseous fibrous scar formation in the surgically enucleated site associated with a Type II dens invaginatus: A 4-year follow-up case report." Journal of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics 1 (May 31, 2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.25259/jrde_10_2020.

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Dens invaginatus is a developmental deformation with varying anatomical features, caused by the envelopment of the enamel organ and/or the Hertwig’s epithelial root sheath within the tooth before calcification completes, increasing the vulnerability of pulpal and periodontal inflammation, posing challenges to treatment, and adequate healing. Cell rest of Malassez, remnants of enamel organ or root sheet may cause cystic lesion formations, also hinder the normal healing process and form a fibrous scar. Intraosseous fibrous scar is a result of incomplete wound healing after periradicular surgery which mimics an asymptomatic residual cyst clinically and radiographically. We herein report a case of a surgically managed an immature maxillary lateral incisor affected with Type II dens invaginatus associated with incomplete periradicular healing presented as intraosseous fibrous scar with a persistent well-defined radiolucency between the healthy trabecular bone. The regular clinical and radiographic follow-up records the asymptomatic endodontically treated dens invaginatus with an intact lamina dura and regular healing trabecular bone pattern. Its 4 years of post-operative evaluation has been presented. Features of this case, causes of such incomplete healing, diagnosis, treatment line, prognosis, and the dilemma of the clinician are discussed together with its probable implications.
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27

Newberry, Christopher, J. Thomas, and Eric Cerrati. "Facial Scar Improvement Procedures." Facial Plastic Surgery 34, no. 05 (October 2018): 448–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669400.

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AbstractScars are a natural part of dermal healing following lacerations, incisions, or tissue loss. The ideal scar is narrow, flat, level with surrounding tissue, and difficult for the untrained eye to see due to color match and placement parallel to relaxed skin tension lines; however, scarring that is dyspigmented, hypertrophied, widened, contracted, or atrophic can be aesthetically displeasing or causing functional limitations. When the scar has unfavorable characteristics, scar revision is often indicated and the cosmetic surgeon must be knowledgeable of the minimally invasive as well as surgical techniques to improve aesthetics, reduced reoccurrence, or correct functional limitations.
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28

Su, Wen-Hsiang, Ming-Huei Cheng, Wen-Ling Lee, Tsung-Shan Tsou, Wen-Hsun Chang, Chien-Sheng Chen, and Peng-Hui Wang. "Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs for Wounds: Pain Relief or Excessive Scar Formation?" Mediators of Inflammation 2010 (2010): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/413238.

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The inflammatory process has direct effects on normal and abnormal wound healing. Hypertrophic scar formation is an aberrant form of wound healing and is an indication of an exaggerated function of fibroblasts and excess accumulation of extracellular matrix during wound healing. Two cytokines—transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2)—are lipid mediators of inflammation involving wound healing. Overproduction of TGF-βand suppression of PGE2 are found in excessive wound scarring compared with normal wound healing. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or their selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors are frequently used as a pain-killer. However, both NSAIDs and COX-2 inhibitors inhibit PGE2 production, which might exacerbate excessive scar formation, especially when used during the later proliferative phase. Therefore, a balance between cytokines and medication in the pathogenesis of wound healing is needed. This report is a literature review pertaining to wound healing and is focused on TGF-βand PGE2.
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Borges, Elizabeth Lage, Fernanda Kelley Silva Pereira, Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite, Luiz Ronaldo Alberti, Mônica Alves Neves Diniz Ferreira, and Andy Petroianu. "Shrimp diet and skin healing strength in rats." Revista de Nutrição 20, no. 3 (June 2007): 257–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-52732007000300004.

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OBJECTIVE: Surgical scar tensile strength may be influenced by several factors such as drugs, hormones and diet. The purpose of the present study was to determine the influence of a shrimp-enriched diet on the tensile strength of rat scars. METHODS: Forty male Wistar rats were submitted to a 4 cm dorsal skin incision and the wounds were sutured with 5-0 nylon interrupted suture. The animals were divided into two groups: Group 1 (control) received a regular diet, and Group 2 (experimental) received a shrimp-enriched diet. The two diets contained the same amounts of proteins, lipids and carbohydrates. The rats in each group were divided into two subgroups according to the time of assessment of the scar tensile strength: subgroup A, studied on the 5th postoperative day, and subgroup B, studied on the 21st postoperative day. RESULTS: The tensile strength of the scar on the 5th postoperative day was lower in the animals that received the shrimp-enriched-diet (303.0, standard error of mean= 34.1) than in the control group (460.1, SEM = 56.7) (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: A shrimp diet reduces the tensile strength of the scar. The next step of this study will be to clarify the mechanism in which shrimp affects tensile strength.
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Benahmed-Djilali, Adiba, Abdelouahab Benseddik, Katia Hacen, Mohamed Boulahlib, Karim Allaf, Mohamed Nabiev, and Mourad Issad. "Development of a Scar Removal Ointment Containing Natural Active Ingredients." Drug Delivery Letters 10, no. 4 (November 20, 2020): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2210303110999200819163426.

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Aims: The present study aimed to evaluate the healing effect of five new dermal ointments made with natural ingredients, derived from the Ficus microcarpa fruit, Pulicaria odora L. leaf powder, vaseline, lanolin, and sweet almond oil on thermal burns of New Zealand rabbits. Background: Many natural ingredients are used as alternatives in topical burn wound treatments. However, the effectiveness of an ointment is primarily assessed on the basis of the healing time. The latter depends on the synergetic effect resulting from the interaction of its different constituents. Hence there is the need to explore different formulations to find the most optimal one. Objectives: 1/ To evaluate some biochemical compositions, biological properties, and functional quality of F. microcarpa fruit and P. odora L. leaf powder., 2/ To identify the best combination between the F. microcarpa fruit, P. odora L. leaf powder, vaseline, lanolin, and sweet almond oil to obtain an ointment with high healing quality. Method: Ten (10) New Zealand rabbits (5 males and 5 females) received two thermal burns caused by a hot cylindrical metal on their backs. Each rabbit was treated immediately thereafter with one of the elaborated ointments and with a commercial skin ointment Madecassol (reference). All the ointments were applied topically every other day until a complete epithelialization takes place. Evaluation of the healing process was based on the healing time and diameter narrowing calculated every seven days. Results: The obtained results show that all the developed ointments used in the experiments lead to total recovery with fur growth. However, the healing time varies from one formula to another. Conclusion: The study concludes that the combination of the natural active ingredients used in this study promotes burn wound healing in the rabbit’s model.
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31

Yordanov, Y. P., and A. Shef. "Hypertrophic Scars and Keloids – Contemporary Concepts and Treatment Options." Acta Medica Bulgarica 41, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 57–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amb-2014-0008.

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Summary Wound reparative process after surgery, burns, injuries, and inflammatory processes results in a spectrum of scar formation ranging from nearly scarless healing to excessive fibrosis or atrophy. Scarring is considered a major medical problem that leads to aesthetic and functional sequelae. Scar tissue is clinically distinguished from normal skin by an aberrant color, rough surface texture, increased thickness (hypertrophy), occurrence of contraction, and firmness. In the last decade, the concept of wound healing kinetics has been developed to describe the delicate balance of cell activity involved in scar formation and remodeling. Hypertrophic scars and keloids are formed as a result of the process of abnormal wound healing. Despite all that has been written on improving the appearance of these types of scars, there are no definitive management protocols. The aim of the present article is to make a brief review of the basic wound healing, while focusing on medicine’s latest understanding of the development and treatment of keloids and hypertrophic scars.
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32

Ghieh, Fadi, Rosalyn Jurjus, Amir Ibrahim, Alice Gerges Geagea, Hisham Daouk, Bassel El Baba, Sana Chams, Michel Matar, Wadih Zein, and Abdo Jurjus. "The Use of Stem Cells in Burn Wound Healing: A Review." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/684084.

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Burn wound healing involves a series of complex processes which are subject to intensive investigations to improve the outcomes, in particular, the healing time and the quality of the scar. Burn injuries, especially severe ones, are proving to have devastating effects on the affected patients. Stem cells have been recently applied in the field to promote superior healing of the wounds. Not only have stem cells been shown to promote better and faster healing of the burn wounds, but also they have decreased the inflammation levels with less scar progression and fibrosis. This review aims to highlight the beneficial therapeutic effect of stem cells in burn wound healing and to discuss the involved pathways and signaling molecules. The review covers various types of burn wound healing like skin and corneal burns, along with the alternative recent therapies being studied in the field of burn wound healing. The current reflection of the attitudes of people regarding the use of stem cells in burn wound healing is also stated.
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33

Kikuchi, Robin, Abdullah J. Khalil, and Christopher I. Zoumalan. "Gene expression analysis in scars treated with silicone cream: a case series." Scars, Burns & Healing 5 (January 2019): 205951311986834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059513119868345.

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Background: In contrast to fetal scar tissue, adult scar tissue presents with visible scarring. Topical silicone creams have been shown to improve the appearance of scars. This case series compares the genetic expression of post-surgical scar tissues that received topical scar treatment with silicone cream, SKN2017B, or no treatment. SKN2017B is a recently formulated silicone-based scar cream that contains selective synthetic recombinant human growth factors, hyaluronic acid, and vitamin C. We hypothesise that scars treated with silicone-based scar creams have a more favourable genetic expression resembling a well-healing scar. Methods: Women who had undergone an abdominoplasty were included in this investigation and randomly assigned to treat part of the scar with topical silicone, another part with SKN2017B, and to leave a third part untreated. After four weeks, punch biopsies were taken and the RNA sequenced. Healthy abdominal skin was biopsied as baseline data. Genes of interest were identified and median values were calculated for the samples. Results: SKN2107B-treated scars demonstrated the lowest collagen type I to collagen type III ratio. Other key genes of interest in wound healing showed the lowest (favourable) expression of fibroblast activation protein alpha, lysyl oxidase and cartilage oligomeric matrix protein; the highest (favourable) expression of fibronectin type III domain containing 1 and matrix metallopeptidase 9 were found in scars treated with SKN2017B. Conclusion: The results of this small case series demonstrate a trend that those scars treated with topical silicone cream, notably SKN2017B, display the most favourable gene expression for wound healing.
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Kuo, Irene C. "Corneal Wound Healing After Keratorefractive Procedures." European Ophthalmic Review 03, no. 02 (2009): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17925/eor.2009.03.02.64.

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Research into corneal wound healing is gaining renewed interest with the increasing volume of keratorefractive procedures. Such research may help avoid the complication of ectasia after laser refractive surgery. There are three histopathological types of wound healing after keratorefractive surgery – whether laser refractive surgery, penetrating keratoplasty or radial keratotomy – and these are reviewed in this paper. They are hypercellular fibrotic stromal scar preceded by activated keratocytes, epithelial hyperplasia or hypertrophy and hypocellular primitive stromal scar. All can be identified with light, electron and immunofluorescence microscopy (or, with less detail, by confocal microscopy). A single procedure can manifest all three types of wound healing. Tissue destruction is part of tissue remodelling, but in successful procedures destruction cannot be uncontrolled or excessive. The elucidation of the signalling components remains an important area of research.
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35

Ferguson, Mark W. J., and Sharon O'Kane. "Scar–free healing: from embryonic mechanisms to adult therapeutic intervention." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences 359, no. 1445 (May 29, 2004): 839–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2004.1475.

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In man and domestic animals, scarring in the skin after trauma, surgery, burn or sports injury is a major medical problem, often resulting in adverse aesthetics, loss of function, restriction of tissue movement and/or growth and adverse psychological effects. Current treatments are empirical, unreliable and unpredictable: there are no prescription drugs for the prevention or treatment of dermal scarring. Skin wounds on early mammalian embryos heal perfectly with no scars whereas wounds to adult mammals scar. We investigated the cellular and molecular differences between scar–free healing in embryonic wounds and scar–forming healing in adult wounds. Important differences include the inflammatory response, which in embryonic wounds consists of lower numbers of less differentiated inflammatory cells. This, together with high levels of morphogenetic molecules involved in skin growth and morphogenesis, means that the growth factor profile in a healing embryonic wound is very different from that in an adult wound. Thus, embryonic wounds that heal without a scar have low levels of TGFβ1 and TGFβ2, low levels of platelet–derived growth factor and high levels of TGFβ3. We have experimentally manipulated healing adult wounds in mice, rats and pigs to mimic the scar–free embryonic profile, e.g. neutralizing PDGF, neutralizing TGFβ1 and TGFβ2 or adding exogenous TGFβ3. These experiments result in scar–free wound healing in the adult. Such experiments have allowed the identification of therapeutic targets to which we have developed novel pharmaceutical molecules, which markedly improve or completely prevent scarring during adult wound healing in experimental animals. Some of these new drugs have successfully completed safety and other studies, such that they have entered human clinical trials with approval from the appropriate regulatory authorities. Initial trials involve application of the drug or placebo in a double–blind randomized design, to experimental incision or punch biopsy wounds under the arms of human volunteers. Based on encouraging results from such human volunteer studies, the lead drugs have now entered human patient–based trials e.g. in skin graft donor sites. We consider the evolutionary context of wound healing, scarring and regeneration. We hypothesize that evolutionary pressures have been exerted on intermediate sized, widespread, dirty wounds with considerable tissue damage e.g. bites, bruises and contusions. Modern wounds (e.g. resulting from trauma or surgery) caused by sharp objects and healing in a clean or sterile environment with close tissue apposition are new occurrences, not previously encountered in nature and to which the evolutionary selected wound healing responses are somewhat inappropriate. We also demonstrate that both repair with scarring and regeneration can occur within the same animal, including man, and indeed within the same tissue, thereby suggesting that they share similar mechanisms and regulators. Consequently, by subtly altering the ratio of growth factors present during adult wound healing, we can induce adult wounds to heal perfectly with no scars, with accelerated healing and with no adverse effects, e.g. on wound strength or wound infection rates. This means that scarring may no longer be an inevitable consequence of modern injury or surgery and that a completely new pharmaceutical approach to the prevention of human scarring is now possible. Scarring after injury occurs in many tissues in addition to the skin. Thus scar–improving drugs could have widespread benefits and prevent complications in several tissues, e.g. prevention of blindness after scarring due to eye injury, facilitation of neuronal reconnections in the central and peripheral nervous system by the elimination of glial scarring, restitution of normal gut and reproductive function by preventing strictures and adhesions after injury to the gastrointestinal or reproductive systems, and restoration of locomotor function by preventing scarring in tendons and ligaments.
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36

Finlay, Vidya, Sally Burrows, Maddison Burmaz, Hussna Yawary, Johanna Lee, Dale W. Edgar, and Fiona M. Wood. "Increased burn healing time is associated with higher Vancouver Scar Scale score." Scars, Burns & Healing 3 (January 1, 2017): 205951311769632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059513117696324.

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[Formula: see text] Increased burn wound healing time has been shown to influence abnormal scarring. This study hypothesised that scar severity increases commensurate to the increase in time to healing (TTH) of the wound. Wound healing and scar data from burn patients treated by the Burn Service of Western Australia at Royal Perth Hospital were examined. The relationship between TTH and scar severity, as assessed by the modified Vancouver Scar Scale (mVSS), was modelled using regression analysis. Interaction terms evaluated the effect of surgery and total body surface area – burn (TBSA) on the main relationship. Maximum likelihood estimation was used to account for potential bias from missing independent variable data. The sample had a median age of 34 years, TTH of 24 days, TBSA of 3% and length of stay of five days, 70% were men and 71% had burn surgery. For each additional day of TTH, the mVSS score increased by 0.11 points ( P ≤ 0.001) per day in the first 21 days and 0.02 points per day thereafter ( P = 0.004). The relationship remained stable in spite of TBSA or surgical intervention. Investigation of the effect of missing data revealed the primary model underestimated the strength of the association. An increase in TTH within 21 days of injury is associated with an increase in mVSS or reduced scar quality. The results confirm that efforts should be directed toward healing burn wounds as early as possible.
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37

NOMURA, Tadashi. "Wound Healing and Residual Scar Tissue in Oral Cavity." Journal of Japanese Society for Laser Dentistry 27, no. 1 (2016): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5984/jjpnsoclaserdent.27.21.

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38

Capon, Alexandre, Gwen Iarmarcovai, and Serge Mordon. "Laser-Assisted Skin Healing (LASH) in hypertrophic scar revision." Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy 11, no. 4 (January 2009): 220–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14764170903352878.

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39

Hesketh, Mark, Katherine B. Sahin, Zoe E. West, and Rachael Z. Murray. "Macrophage Phenotypes Regulate Scar Formation and Chronic Wound Healing." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 18, no. 7 (July 17, 2017): 1545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms18071545.

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40

Wollstein, Ronit, John Rodgers, Julio Clavijo, and Lois Carlson. "A Peak in Scar Characteristics during the Healing Period." Journal of Hand Surgery 34, no. 7 (September 2009): 54–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0363-5023(09)60142-8.

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41

Gallagher, J. "Healing The Scar? Idealizing Britain in Africa, 1997-2007." African Affairs 108, no. 432 (May 18, 2009): 435–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/afraf/adp024.

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42

Blazsó, G., M. Gábor, F. Schönlau, and P. Rohdewald. "Pycnogenol® accelerates wound healing and reduces scar formation." Phytotherapy Research 18, no. 7 (July 2004): 579–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.1477.

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43

Stewart, Dennis R. "Scar Prevention and Cosmetically Enhanced Wound Healing Using Relaxin." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1160, no. 1 (April 2009): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.03948.x.

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44

Wollstein, R., R. John, J. Clavijo, and L. Carlson. "A Peak in Scar Characteristics during the Healing Period." Journal of Hand Therapy 22, no. 4 (October 2009): 386. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jht.2009.07.012.

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45

Atala, Anthony, Darrell J. Irvine, Marsha Moses, and Sunil Shaunak. "Wound Healing Versus Regeneration: Role of the Tissue Environment in Regenerative Medicine." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 8 (August 2010): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.528.

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AbstractOne of the major challenges in the field of regenerative medicine is how to optimize tissue regeneration in the body by therapeutically manipulating its natural ability to form scar at the time of injury or disease. It is often the balance between tissue regeneration, a process that is activated at the onset of disease, and scar formation, which develops as a result of the disease process that determines the ability of the tissue or organ to be functional. Using biomaterials as scaffolds often can provide a “bridge” for normal tissue edges to regenerate over small distances, usually up to 1 cm. Larger tissue defect gaps typically require both scaffolds and cells for normal tissue regeneration to occur without scar formation. Various strategies can help to modulate the scar response and can potentially enhance tissue regeneration. Understanding the mechanistic basis of such multivariate interactions as the scar microenvironment, the immune system, extracellular matrix, and inflammatory cytokines may enable the design of tissue engineering and wound healing strategies that directly modulate the healing response in a manner favorable to regeneration.
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46

Refahee, Shaimaa Mohsen, Mamdouh A. Aboulhassan, Omniya Abdel Aziz, Dawlat Emara, Hadeel M. Seif El Dein, Basma Gamal Moussa, and Malek Abu Sneineh. "Is PRP Effective in Reducing the Scar Width of Primary Cleft Lip Repair? A Randomized Controlled Clinical Study." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 57, no. 5 (October 30, 2019): 581–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665619884455.

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Objective: To evaluate and analyze the effect of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) injection on the scar formed after unilateral complete cleft lip scar repair using a modified Millard technique. Hypothesis: An unavoidable cheiloplasty scar is a result of the wound healing process that not only influences patient self-esteem for life but also affects muscle function. Design: Blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial. Patients: From December 2016 to February 2018, 24 patients with unilateral complete cleft lip undergoing primary cheiloplasties were equally assigned to study and control groups. Intervention: All patients were treated by modified Millard cheiloplasty. In the study group, PRP was injected into the muscle and skin layers immediately after wound closure, while the control group patients were treated with no PRP injection. Outcomes Measures: Scar width was assessed after 6 months through the muscle using ultrasonography and at the skin surface via photographs. Results: Scar width showed a significant improvement in the study group. Conclusions: Injection of autologous PRP provides effective improvement of cutaneous and muscular wound healing and decreases scar tissue formation.
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Nag, Falguni, Projna Biswas, Joydeep Singha, Arghyaprasun Ghosh, and Trupti V. Surana. "Keratoacanthoma Centrifugum Marginatum with Atypical Scar." Case Reports in Dermatological Medicine 2012 (2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/158158.

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Keratoacanthoma centrifugum marginatum (KCM) is a rare variant of keratoacanthoma (KA). It is characterized by a progressive peripheral expansion and central healing leaving atrophic scar. It is sometimes confused with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) both clinically and histopathologically. We here report a case of KCM over the extensor aspect of the right forearm in a 57-year-old man with an abnormal looking scar.
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Drozdov, Andrey S., Katerina V. Volodina, Vasiliy V. Vinogradov, and Vladimir V. Vinogradov. "Biocomposites for wound-healing based on sol–gel magnetite." RSC Advances 5, no. 101 (2015): 82992–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ra16177k.

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New nanocomposite material based on sol–gel magnetite for wound healing is described. Composition and drug release profile provides 1.5 fold acceleration wound healing rate and 2 fold lesser scar size.
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49

Rolfe, K. J., and A. O. Grobbelaar. "A Review of Fetal Scarless Healing." ISRN Dermatology 2012 (May 17, 2012): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/698034.

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Wound healing is a complex process involving a number of processes. Fetal regeneration has been shown to have a number of differences compared to scar-forming healing. This review discusses the number of differences identified in fetal regeneration. Understanding these differences may result in new therapeutic targets which may reduce or even prevent scarring in adult healing.
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Dr. Vikrant Dagar, Dr. Gajanan Mohniraj Kashid, Dr. Shaziya Pathan, Dr. Ashok Gaikwad, Dr. Harsala Palve, and Dr. Amit Gupta. "Use of PRF & PRP in ENT Practice- An Observational study." VIMS Health Science Journal 7, no. 1 (March 6, 2020): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.46858/vimshsj.7107.

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Background: Platelet rich plasma (PRP) & Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) plays important role in wound healing. Those raised my interest to assess the use of PRP & PRF in ENT to assess its effect on wound healing. PRP Injection used in Reducing Facial scar, Postoperative scar, Intratympanic Injection for sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). PRF used in Rhinoplasty for smooth nasal dorsum & less postoperative oedema and for mastoid obliteration to reduce post-operative infections and also used to close post-operated skull base defects. Aim: The purpose of this study to validate enhanced healing effect of PRF & PRP therapy in ENT. Methodology: PRP & PRF were prepared with 10cc venous blood of patient with help of centrifugal machine. PRP Injection given in patients with Facial scar, Sudden SNHL, Postoperative scar. PRF used in Rhinoplasty , mastoid obliteration & Post-operated skull base defect. Patients were assessed by examining the effect of PRP Injection & postoperative result after using PRF. Result: We have noticed Less postoperative odema, scarring, infection and improvement in SNHL. Conclusion: Although our findings were short-term in our study, but we found there is a significant improvement in Postoperative oedema, Infection & Scarring
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