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1
Kessek, Jilly M., ,. Mister Gidion Maru, and Imelda Lolowang. "DISLOYALTY OF A WIFE IN HAWTHORNE’S THE SCARLET LETTER." KOMPETENSI 1, no. 04 (December 15, 2022): 431–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.53682/kompetensi.v1i04.1864.
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This study is entitled Disloyalty of Wife in The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne. The aim of this study is to reveal about Disloyalty of Wife in The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. The writer employs descriptive approach in conducting this research. The study is entitled Disloyalty of a Wife in The Scarlet Letter By Nathaniel Hawthorne. The aim of this study is to reveal disloyalty of a wife. In order to revealdisloyalty of a wife in this novel, the writer used Deconstruction approach to understanding the relationship between text and meaning. The result of this study revealed that disloyalty is an act that is not god in every relationship. Disloyalty in the novel The Scarlet Letter is revealed in the form being Impatient, breaking the wedding vows, being impure, and the consequence of the decision.
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Mei, Xiaohan. "Beyond Nature and Subjectivity——The Issues of Space in Nathaniel Hawthorne' s The Scarlet Letter." International Journal of Social Science Studies 7, no. 4 (June 24, 2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v7i4.4337.
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In Nathaniel Hawthorne' s literary creation, the usages of space are usually highlighted by Hawthorne' s arrangement of the settings, scenes and social background. In The Scarlet Letter, according to the spatial turn in 20th spatial theories—especially the spatial theory of Lefebvre, Nathaniel Hawthorne constructed three spaces in this romance novel: the material space, spiritual space and social space. These three kinds of space are not simply juxtaposed, but are intervening, intermingling, superimposing each other, and sometimes even contradicting each other. It is through the construction of space that Hawthorne combines serious moral content with excellent artistic expressions, giving The Scarlet Letter its powerful vitality and enduring charm. It is also through the construction of space that the theme and meaning of the novel about the human spiritual ecological crisis is better manifested, and shows Hawthorne's contemplation and transcendence of the real world. In the process of interpreting the space construction of The Scarlet Letter, readers can appreciate the narrative techniques and artistic effects of the text, and then examine the social reality that the novel should express.
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Wang, Yueming. "Misogyny or Feminism? A Probe into Hawthorne and His The Scarlet Letter." English Language and Literature Studies 7, no. 2 (May 30, 2017): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n2p139.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter has been focused onby critics from different aspects due to his ambiguity used in the novel. Hawthorne himself has been doubted as to whether he is a misogynist or a feminist when describing the female character, Hester Prynne. This article supports the idea that Hawthorne holds the idea offeminism in his work The Scarlet Letter. A writer who mirrors Hester’s life as his own cannot be a misogynist; a writer who honors a woman’s rebelling against patriarchy cannot be a misogynist; a writer who has a beloved wife and mother cannot be a misogynist. Harmonic family relationships, sympathetic character descriptions, and mild demonstrations against patriarchy all prove that Hawthorne is not a misogynist, but a feminist. Hawthorne depicts through four aspects on Hester’s life, Hester’s rebel, Hawthorne’s own family relationship to advocate feminism in his novel.
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Mahini, Ramtin Noor-Tehrani (Noor), and Erin Barth. "The Scarlet Letter: Embroidering Transcendentalism and Anti-transcendentalism Thread for an Early American World." Journal of Language Teaching and Research 9, no. 3 (May 1, 2018): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.17507/jltr.0903.04.
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Published in 1850 by Nathaniel Hawthorne, the dark romantic story of The Scarlet Letter was immediately met with success, and Hawthorne was recognized as the first fictional writer to truly represent American perspective and experience. At the time when most novelists focused on portraying the outside world, Hawthorne dwelled deeply in the innermost, hidden emotional and mental psyches of his characters. Despite being acquainted to both famed transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau and married to the transcendentalist painter Sophia Peabody, Hawthorne was often referred to as anti-transcendentalist or dark romantic writer in The Scarlet Letter. Is he also influenced by the transcendentalist movement in his famed novel? Evidence shows that he is more transcendentalist than anti-transcendentalist in The Scarlet Letter.
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Guo, Ziyi. "Appeal for a Harmonious Relationship between Man and Nature." International Journal of Education and Humanities 14, no. 2 (May 30, 2024): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/eh4aps68.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne is an influential novelist in American literature in 19th century. Most of his works are set in New England during the American colonial period, reflecting the social reality at that time. His masterpiece The Scarlet Letter ensures Hawthorne as the leading American native novelist in literature. Hawthorne exposes in his novels the immense destruction and ecological crisis caused by human civilization. Based on a close reading of his works, this thesis aims to study Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novels from the perspective of ecocriticism. In the thesis, the crisis of natural ecology is analyzed. At the same time, the thesis explores the relationship between human beings and nature. Hawthorne suggests that human beings should integrate into nature and maintain a harmonious relationship with nature, which is the primary concern of ecocriticism.
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Assist. Lec. Suhaib Majeed Kadhem and Assist. Prof. Hind Ahmed al-Kurwy. "Hester Prynne and Ethan Frome: Two Faces of the Same Tragedy." Journal of the College of Basic Education 23, no. 98 (December 26, 2022): 99–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.35950/cbej.v23i98.8651.
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Human tragedy is characterized by its continuity over and over in human history. Many writers elaborate different tragedies, each according his\her own experience and understanding of world tragedies. The present study shows a comparison of such tragedies between two novels; one by Nathaniel Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter and the other by Edith Wharton's Ethan From. The study sheds light on the way each novelist presents different sorts of human agony, the points they meet and the points they differ.
Both Nathaniel Hawthorne's (1804-64) Scarlet Letter (1850) and Edith Wharton's (1862–1937) Ethan Frome (1911) are compelling classics of American literature with characters trapped in tragic circumstances they seem unable to escape. Remarkably, the two novels represent turning points in the lives of their authors. Whereas his previous work suffered from popular indifference, Hawthorne's Scarlet Letter gained him the attention he had formerly lacked, no small part of it negative. Actually a conservative in many regards, with the publication of The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne became viewed as a radical and a subversive by conservative reviewers. (Bloom, Bloom’s Classic Critical Views, p. 1) At the same time, Wharton's Ethan Forme has long held a canonical place as the most artistically perfect and formally accomplished of her fictions. (Lawson, 154) Moreover, both novels are based on real incidents. In his introduction to The Scarlet Letter "The Custom House", Hawthorne reports how he discovered by accident a decayed, embroidered "A" and some documents telling of its history and the story of one Hester Prynne:
[T]he object that most drew my attention to the mysterious package was a certain affair of fine red cloth, much worn and faded, There were traces about it of gold embroidery, which, however, was greatly frayed and defaced, so that none, or very little, of the glitter was left.
(SL, "The Custom House", p. 20).
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Yang, Xiaomei. "Value Conflict and Personal Choice in The Scarlet Letter from the Perspective of Ethical Literary Criticism." Education, Language and Sociology Research 5, no. 1 (March 10, 2024): p132. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/elsr.v5n1p132.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne was the preeminent American Romantic writer of the 19th century. The Scarlet Letter, as Hawthorne’s classic work, has been praised by most critics. Hawthorne paid attention to the ethical problems of Hester and Dimmesdale and gave a comprehensive depiction of their ethical choices after they had violated the Puritan ethical norms. This paper intends to use ethical literary criticism proposed by Professor Nie Zhenzhao, based on ethical dilemma and ethical choice, within the ethical backdrop of New England, to analyze ethical conflicts and ethical choices of the protagonists in the novel. Ultimately, it seeks to warn people the importance of complying with the ethical norms of the society. Exploring the ethical and moral values embedded in The Scarlet Letter will enhance the domestic study of Hawthorne’s works and better realize the didactic function of literature.
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Zhang, Lifeng. "Analysis of the Narrative Strategies in The Scarlet Letter." International Journal of Education and Humanities 6, no. 2 (December 14, 2022): 156–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ijeh.v6i2.3664.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne was an American psychosocial novelist, also known as the Shakespeare of America, who wrote many classic works during his lifetime. Among them, The Scarlet Letter is one of the representatives of romantic novels, and is also his outstanding masterpiece. The Scarlet Letter has been interpreted by many people, but rarely in the field of narratology. This paper will interpret The Scarlet Letter from the perspective of narrative strategy, discuss the text of the novel with the help of narrative strategy, and try to further interpret the narrative strategy of the novel and its far-reaching influence. This paper will explain from the aspects of narrative focus, narrative space and narrative language. In this process, I hope I can learn Hawthorne’s writing skills and provide reference for the vast number of literature lovers.
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Singer, Erin C. "Gossip as Contagion in Hawthorne's “The Minister's Black Veil” and The Scarlet Letter." Nathaniel Hawthorne Review 47, no. 1 (May 1, 2021): 26–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/nathhawtrevi.47.1.0026.
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Abstract The coronavirus pandemic in some ways returned us to a more nineteenth-century outlook on contagion. In the early months before the public had a clear understanding of how this coronavirus spread, everything and everyone became subject to politicized suspicion. Nathaniel Hawthorne was perhaps preoccupied with the same questions that current scholars and the general public have faced since the beginning of the pandemic: Who can we trust among ourselves, our communities, and our institutions? How do we know what information is true? Hawthorne's Puritan stories “The Minister's Black Veil” and The Scarlet Letter feature the interdisciplinary concept of social contagion as a major driving force. A focus on similarities between Hawthorne's literary world and the coronavirus pandemic brings to the fore a Hawthornean epistemology of contagion, or what may be called pandemic thinking. In considering how social contagion theory brings together themes of community and gossip in Hawthorne's works, we see that gossip is both a mode of transmission of ideological contagion and the method by which social order is articulated in those works. Finally, we perceive that Hawthorne uses gossip not only to reify but also to challenge the social order in his imagined New England towns.
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Kreger, Erika M. ""Depravity Dressed up in a Fascinating Garb": Sentimental Motifs and the Seduced Hero(ine) in The Scarlet Letter." Nineteenth-Century Literature 54, no. 3 (December 1, 1999): 308–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2903143.
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When we place Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter (1850) in the context of the literary debates of the 1840s and 1850s, it becomes apparent that the novel inhabits a conventional moral position that affiliates it with, rather than distinguishes it from, the best-selling domestic novels of the era. The Scarlet Letter shares a common moral framework and pattern of imagery with many works by nineteenth-century female novelists. Like these writers, Hawthorne uses his characters to emphasize the destructive consequences of allowing personal desire to overrule community law. The portrayals of Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne critique the traits of the eighteenth-century seduced heroine and privilege the qualities of the nineteenth-century protagonist of domestic fiction. Hawthorne's hapless minister is depicted in the physically drooping, ethically weak image of the eighteenth-century heroine; while his "fallen woman" possesses the strength, selflessness, and positive influence attributed to the nineteenth-century protagonist. This powerful iconography allows Hawthorne to reinforce the social values most often advocated in the public discourse about fiction, while still avoiding the explicit didactic remarks that critics condemned. The Scarlet Letter's "moral" closely links it to the conservative worldview of antebellum middle-class culture and popular fiction.
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Tomc, Sandra. "A Change of Art: Hester, Hawthorne, and the Service of Love." Nineteenth-Century Literature 56, no. 4 (March 1, 2002): 466–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2002.56.4.466.
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In this essay I argue that the 1950s and 1960s formulations of the American "romance" by such critics as Richard Chase and Leslie Fiedler were inflected by the simultaneous debasement in those same years of the term "romance" with respect to women's commercial fiction. I go on to consider how Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter (1850), which of course includes the author's famous definition of "romance," has helped to prop up and perpetuate a cultural hierarchy premised on the derogation of narratives of heterosexual women's desire. I argue that in his search for a modern privatized authority, Hawthorne begins The Scarlet Letter by embracing antebellum tales of women's love and sexual passion. His subsequent rejection of these tales enables the hierarchization of genres that allowed twentieth-century critics to draw iron-clad distinctions between American romance and women's romance.
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Volkov, Ivan O. "“The Scarlet Letter” by Nathaniel Hawthorne in the creative mind of Ivan Turgenev: from reading to explication." Sibirskiy filologicheskiy zhurnal, no. 1 (2023): 102–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18137083/82/7.
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The paper addresses the problem of Ivan Turgenev’s perception of the literary work of Nathaniel Hawthorne. For the Russian writer, the turn of the 1840s and the 1850s was a time of crisis of artistic manner. During a period of intense creative reflection, the writer came across Hawthorne’s novel “The Scarlet Letter” with its blend of romantic and realistic traits of the characters. It was the London edition (1852), its pages still bearing nail and pencil marks revealing a sensitive perception and understanding of the romantic world of puritan Boston and the ways of its artistic recreation. The Russian writer discovers the image of Esther and the pictures of nature intended to reveal her character. In addition, Turgenev acquires the author’s complex allegory embracing the images of Pearl and the letter “A.” The marks on the pages of The Scarlet Letter trace a creative perception of the novel manifested when Turgenev worked on “Rudin” (1856). The pages of Turgenev’s first novel provide a picture of Russian reality, with important questions about the social and spiritual life of society being addressed. This prioritization reflects the impact of “The Scarlet Letter”. “Rudin” echoes Hawthorne’s novel, both in the general framing of the moral and philosophical issues and the specificity of the main characters.
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Alenezi, Majed. "Hester’s resistance against the patriarchal society: A postcolonial reading of The Scarlet Letter." Ars Aeterna 14, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aa-2022-0001.
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Abstract Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter can be read within the framework of postcolonial theory, with colonialism equating patriarchy. The anti-colonial reading of the novel is permitted through Hester’s struggle with what seem to be prevalent regulations regarding gender, culture and religion. The only way for females to be liberated from this patriarchy is by rejecting it. Hawthorne, in this novel, suggests that being a woman is in itself fighting back. Thus, it is only through womanhood that the female character is able to arrive at a reconciliation with themselves and with their consciences.
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Ștefanovici, Smaranda. "Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864)." Acta Marisiensis. Philologia 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2023): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amph-2023-0085.
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Abstract Hawthorne, Nathaniel (1804-1864), an American novelist and short story writer, 19th century, wrote over 46 novels, short stories and sketches, although his reputation as a novel writer came very late, when he was approximatively 46 years old. Hawthorne is known today for his reference novels written in between 1850 and 1860, namely: The Scarlet Letter (1850), The House of the Seven Gables (1851), The Blithedale Romance (1852), and The Marble Faun (1860). A precursor of the psychological novel and of modern psychoanalysis, through the deepness of the introspection and the exploration of the soul’s cinematic resources, Hawthorne depicts the American imagination using the ‘romance’ literary genre, which allows him an allegoric and symbolic approach as analysis benchmarks of the human soul. The author is distinguished by the idealist romantic wing and from transcendentalism, whose optimism and exaggerated idealism he rejected. His inclination towards moral ambivalence and psychologic introspection and the approach of the organic theory concerning life’s duality made him reconsider the role of the individual in puritan society, appreciating the value of the human effort before Providence.
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Pan, Xingwen. "An Analysis of the Construction of the Multiple Spaces in The Scarlet Letter." Journal of Education, Teaching and Social Studies 3, no. 3 (November 25, 2021): p90. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/jetss.v3n3p90.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne, one of the classic writers of American romanticism, wrote many classic works throughout his life, including The Scarlet Letter, the representative of romantic novels and his outstanding masterpiece. Extensive attention has paid on it since it was published. Many literary critics use different theories to explain this work, many of which explore the theme including good and evil, love and hate, and culture under the influence of Puritanism. However, previous researches have paid less attention on the space feature of The Scarlet Letter, and in the traditional narratological research, the space factor has also been ignored for a long time. In this thesis, the author will take space as the starting point based on the relevant spatial theory and spatial narrative research results, and interpret the multiple space construction in The Scarlet Letter in detail, further analyzing the narrative strategy adopted by Hawthorne in order to explore the cultural connotation of the multiple spaces constructed in his works.
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O’Malley, Maria. "Taking the Domestic View in Hawthorne’s Fiction." New England Quarterly 88, no. 4 (December 2015): 657–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/tneq_a_00494.
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Shifting the emphasis within feminist criticism from the act of speech to the act of hearing, this article argues that, in The Scarlet Letter, The House of the Seven Gables, and Blithedale Romance, Nathaniel Hawthorne reveals how the public sphere depends on the voices of dispossessed women even as it attempts to silence them.
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Jenn, Ronald. "L’adjectif composé dans The Scarlet Letter de Nathaniel Hawthorne." Palimpsestes, no. 19 (January 1, 2007): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/palimpsestes.116.
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Aristiawan, Danul. "THE PORTRAIT OF MORALITIES INSCARLET LETTER NOVEL BY NATHANIEL HAWTORNE." Journal of English Language Teaching and Literature (JELTL) 6, no. 1 (February 10, 2023): 50–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.47080/jeltl.v6i1.2472.
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The aimed of this research was to analyze and describe about the morality in Nathaniel Hawthorne work entitled The Portrait of morality in Scarlet Letter Novel by Nathaniel Hawthorne. Specially ,this research deal with (1) What are the potrait of moralities by the main characters Hester Prynne ,Arthur Dimmsdale and Roger Chilingworth drawn in Scarlet Letter Novel (2) What are the sequences of these moralities for the main character as the doer of the moralities in Scarlet Letter Novel. This research was descriptive qualitative research. The data were words, phrases, sentences from the first chapter until the last chapter. Theories used used in this research were concerned with novel as a literary work, morals and ethics,morality,morality and religion,morality and law,immorality and the structural approach in literary criticism.This research was catagorized as literary criticms,where the researcher doing analysis, interpretation and evaluation in conducting the research.The writer applies the structural approach in hisresearchbecause to analyzes what moralities characters and what is the consequences of these moralities for the character’s life based on the instrinsic element of this novel.The result of this research were stated as follow: (1)The moralities found in the Scarlet Letter Novel were adultery,hypocrisy and revenge (2)The three main characters get different consequences of thier morality and face the risk of the morality in different ways.Finally the author can conclude that no one is perfect even the priest which supposed tobe the right hand of God.This novel reveal the morality in details and the important point is how this novel is relevant for generation to generation as a guidebook in morality aspect in society.And the writer advise that the next writer will write about literary critism in different point of view.
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Chen, Yanchun. "On Arthur Dimmesdale’s Double Personalities as Revealed in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter." English Language and Literature Studies 7, no. 3 (August 29, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v7n3p85.
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This paper focuses on the analysis of the double personalities of Arthur Dimmesdale, a protagonist in The Scarlet Letter. Firstly, it briefly introduces the fame of Nathaniel Hawthorne in American literature and the content of The Scarlet Letter. Then, it mainly analyzes Arthur Dimmesdale’s double personalities. After that, it studies the factors in shaping Arthur Dimmesdale’s double personalities. The paper aims to help people better understand such a hypocritical person and a corrupt society, making them think of their own personalities. It comes to an end that without a healthy personality, one person absolutely comes to his/her death guiltily, even though he/she is learned.
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Kardiansyah, M. Yuseano. "Tubuh dan Relasi Gender: Wacana Pascakolonial Dalam Novel “The Scarlet Letter” Karya Nathaniel Hawthorne." Jurnal POETIKA 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.25065.
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This research analyzes postcolonial discourse about body and gender relation in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter that tells about obsession toward morality, gender oppression, punishment for sinner, guilty feeling dan individual sin confession. The objective of this research is to reveal the resistance sides toward colonial construction that still exist in society’s social order and norm reflected in that novel. By applying postcolonialism approach and deconstruction method, it is proven that The Scarlet Letter depicts colonized (women) resistance behind its attitude and practice that seems submissive to the power of colonizer (society dan men’s domination).Key Words: Postcolonial Discourse, Body, Gender Relation, Deconstruction, Colonial Construction
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Kardiansyah, M. Yuseano. "Tubuh dan Relasi Gender: Wacana Pascakolonial Dalam Novel “The Scarlet Letter” Karya Nathaniel Hawthorne." Poetika 5, no. 1 (July 31, 2017): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/poetika.v5i1.25065.
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This research analyzes postcolonial discourse about body and gender relation in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter that tells about obsession toward morality, gender oppression, punishment for sinner, guilty feeling dan individual sin confession. The objective of this research is to reveal the resistance sides toward colonial construction that still exist in society’s social order and norm reflected in that novel. By applying postcolonialism approach and deconstruction method, it is proven that The Scarlet Letter depicts colonized (women) resistance behind its attitude and practice that seems submissive to the power of colonizer (society dan men’s domination).Key Words: Postcolonial Discourse, Body, Gender Relation, Deconstruction, Colonial Construction
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Jwai’ed, Alanoud Mustafa Abdel Karim. "Women’s Sacrifice in the Works of Hawthorne and Heywood: A Comparative Study." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 6 (May 18, 2023): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n6p181.
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The objective of this paper is to highlight the importance of women by closely examining Nathaniel Hawthorne’s novel “The Scarlet Letter”, and Thomas Heywood’s play A Woman Killed with Kindness. By focusing on patriarchy and female sacrifice, this study aims to find similarities and differences between two different literary genres with two different historical backgrounds in the protagonist’s scope. Using “The Scarlet Letter” and A Woman Killed with Kindness as the primary sources of the research data, this paper also delves into how the patriarchal system affects women’s behaviors, and the possible consequences of rejecting it. Ultimately, this analysis offers a close reading of women’s suffering under the norms and traditions of the Boston community and the English seventeenth century.
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Zhang, Yixin, and Shengda Guo. "A Study of the Symbolic Meaning and Period Value of Pearl in The Scarlet Letter." Studies in Social Science Research 3, no. 1 (January 29, 2022): p31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22158/sssr.v3n1p31.
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Pearl is a distinctive artistic figure created by Nathaniel Hawthorne in his novel The Scarlet Letter. She is highly symbolic in her identity, name, appearance and character. Her existence not only drives the development of the main characters’ thoughts and behavioral changes, but also carries the author’s praise of truth, goodness and beauty, his communication of ideals and hopes, and the profound understanding of the awakening of women’s consciousness. This kind of praise, communication and understanding has wide contemporary value in today’s society.
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BROEK, MICHAEL. "Hawthorne, Madonna, and Lady Gaga: The Marble Faun's Transgressive Miriam." Journal of American Studies 46, no. 3 (March 12, 2012): 625–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021875812000047.
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AbstractMost criticism of Nathaniel Hawthorne's Novel The Marble Faun has focussed on its many images of domestic containment, its supposed argument in favor of Christian idealism, as well as Hawthorne's apparent “castration” of the American sculptor Kenyon – just another in a long list of the author's male protagonists who succumb to a mixture of self-doubt (Dimmesdale, in The Scarlet Letter), narcissism (Coverdale, in The Blithedale Romance), and the allure of the chaste virgin (Holgrave, in The House of the Seven Gables). This essay, however, argues that Miriam, the novel's chief female protagonist, actually completes a complicated “liberation” from the proscriptions (as Hawthorne envisioned them) of her gender, enacted by her embrace of multiple, ancient, and organic symbols. Through a simultaneous analysis of the American music icons Madonna and Lady Gaga, we find that Hawthorne engages a complex set of ideational forces – misogyny, Catholicism, and female eros – as Miriam emerges, like these famous pop stars, as an independent artist, a position that not one of the author's male protagomists is able to attain. In this sense, Miriam may be reconsidered Hawthorne's internationalized Hester, or, more aptly, his mature Pearl.
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Miller, John N. "Eros and Ideology: At the Heart of Hawthorne's Blithedale." Nineteenth-Century Literature 55, no. 1 (June 1, 2000): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2903055.
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The Blithedale Romance dramatizes Nathaniel Hawthorne's career-long preoccupation with the human heart. Rather than the oft-acknowledged "head versus heart" struggle, his third mature romance features a "heart versus heart" conflict, in which "heart" represents both the passional, erotic impulses of the romance's characters and the ideals of sympathy, brotherhood/sisterhood, community, and familial love. Blithedale's utopianism, especially as asserted by the romance's first-person narrator, Miles Coverdale, rests upon the latter, ideal, or ideological notion of "heart." Much to Coverdale's nostalgic regret, neither Blithedale's ideology nor the community itself can survive the jealousies, rivalries, and erotic entanglements of the romance's four main characters. This ideology corresponds to Hawthorne's own desperately affirmed belief in "the magnetic chain of humanity," "the great universal heart," and the powers of sympathy and familial love. This belief, in turn, might derive from the Age of Sentiment-the later eighteenth century and subsequent decades. Despite his dour portrayal of Puritan behavior in The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne posits a "larger and warmer heart of the multitude" that can vibrate "into one accord of sympathy." An abstract, authorially asserted ideology in The Scarlet Letter, it becomes a motive and emotional complication for Coverdale and others in The Blithedale Romance, tested and ultimately defeated by eros.
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Minderop, Albertine, and Syarif Hidayat. "The Conflict Between Life and Death Instinct in The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne." LITE 18, no. 1 (August 9, 2022): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/lite.v18i1.6096.
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This study aims to show how Hawthorne uses characterization techniques and figurative languages such as metaphor and simile to describe the mental state of Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne's characters. This study uses a qualitative method with a psychological approach. The theory used in this research is the theory of life instinct and death instinct by Sigmund Freud. This study analyzes the style of language and characterizations to reveal the characters' mental conditions and inner conflict. The results of this study show that Hawthorne uses characterization techniques and figurative language to tell the conflict between the life and death instinct in Arthur Dimmesdale and Hester Prynne. Arthur Dimmesdale represents human weakness and hypocrisy that results in feelings of regret, inner conflict, and suffering that lead to the instinct of death. At the same time, the character Hester is described as having a strong and patient nature that leads to the instinct of life. This study concludes that Hawthorne uses characterization techniques and figurative language such as metaphor and simile to show the characters, Dimmesdale and Hester. They experience inner conflicts and life and death instincts.
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Hu, Guangwei, and Shaoxiong Brian Xu. "Why Research Retraction Due to Misconduct Should Be Stigmatized." Publications 11, no. 1 (March 17, 2023): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications11010018.
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Zibardi, Matteo. "Il manoscritto ritrovato nella narrativa fantastica dell’Ottocento: i casi di Tarchetti e Hawthorne." ALTRALANG Journal 5, no. 01 (June 10, 2023): 450–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.52919/altralang.v5i01.298.
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The Found Manuscript in Nineteenth-Century Fantastic Fiction: The Cases of Tarchetti and Hawthorne
ABSTRACT: This essay contains a comparative analysis from a narratological point of view of the topos of the found manuscript in Iginio Ugo Tarchetti's short story Le Leggende del Castello Nero (1867) and in the introductory chapter to Nathaniel Hawthorne's The Scarlet Letter entitled The Custom - House (1850). Through reference to Tzvetan Todorov's theory of the fantastic contained in Introduction à la littérature fantastique (1970), the essay aims to demonstrate the ability of authors to modulate the voice of their narrators to make the scenes of the manuscript's discovery the privileged site for the experience of the fantastic. At the same time, the comparison with scholarly literature will show the originality in the reworking of the topos with respect to literary tradition and the functionality it has within fantasy literature. Finally, the ultimate aim of this article is to stimulate comparative reflection for a better understanding of the narratological mechanisms of the fantastic.
RIASSUNTO: Il presente articolo contiene un’analisi comparativa dal punto di vista narratologico del topos del ritrovamento del manoscritto presente nel racconto di Iginio Ugo Tarchetti Le Leggende del Castello Nero (1867) e nel capitolo introduttivo a The Scarlet Letter di Nathaniel Hawthorne intitolato The Custom – House (1850). Attraverso il riferimento alla teoria del fantastico di Tzvetan Todorov contenuta in Introduction à la littérature fantastique (1970), l’articolo intende dimostrare la capacità degli autori di modulare la voce dei propri narratori per rendere le scene del ritrovamento del manoscritto il luogo privilegiato per l’esperienza del fantastico. Allo stesso tempo, il confronto con la letteratura scientifica mostrerà l’originalità nella rielaborazione del topos rispetto alla tradizione letteraria e la funzionalità che esso ha all’interno della letteratura fantastica. Infine, lo scopo ultimo del presente articolo è lo stimolo alla riflessione comparativa per una migliore comprensione dei meccanismi narratologici del fantastico.
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Denizarslani, Yonca. "A Prologue to apology and futurism: Projections of nineteenth-century American Historicism in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Custom-House”." JOURNAL OF AWARENESS 8, no. 4 (October 22, 2023): 525–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26809/joa.2144.
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Distracted by the contesting political debates between aristocratic republicanism of the Revolutionary era and democratic republicanism of the Antebellum; Nathaniel Hawthorne’s narrative tone in his prologue, “The CustomHouse” carries out the ideological assets of nineteenth-century American historicism in accord with which he laid ahistorical fictional elements failing to portray the entirety of early colonial New England in his 1850 novel, The Scarlet Letter. In this respect, “The Custom-House” portrays Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Romantic projections aimed at consoling the contemporaneous polarization on the futurity of the nation as much as his redemptive quest for his ancestral past in colonial Salem. Thus, as the dean of American Renaissance authors and a fervent Romantic, Nathaniel Hawthorne’s concern for an absolute-oriented moral vision, his apologetic perspective of the past, and his affirmative tone for the futurity of American democracy are most out loud in his writing. This study aims to focus on Hawthorne’s apologetic and futurist projections of nineteenth-century American historicism in his prologue, “The Custom-House” for his 1850 novel, The Scarlet Letter, concerning his responses to the anxieties of Antebellum America.
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Lal, Ms Manisha. "Effects of Catharsis with Special Reference to Nathaniel Hawthorne’s ‘The Scarlet Letter’." International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews 5, no. 1 (January 2, 2024): 718–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.55248/gengpi.5.0124.0121.
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Bahumaid, Showqi. "Idiomphobia: The EFL Learner's Syndrome." International Journal of Arabic-English Studies 1, no. 2 (June 1, 2000): 331–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33806/ijaes2000.1.2.8.
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Though separated by no less than the Atlantic Ocean, Emily Bronte and Nathaniel Hawthorne are indeed close intellectual neighbors . None of them is likely to have heard of, or even read the other. Their expressions of the fierce impact of nature, of the unaccessible depths of human naturalness , specially the domain of heathen love, however, prove, among other things, that they could have been nurtured in one social milieu. The issue of heathen love, however , introduces a major cross-cultural element for comparison. What looks probably paradoxical in this similitude is that an authoress has portrayed a male heathen in love, while an author has done the opposite. The condition and evolution of love in two heathen characters : Heathcliff in Emily Bronte's Wuthering Heights, and Hester Prynne in Nathaniel Hawthorne 's The Scarlet Letter, are respectively expre sions of the masculine and feminine variants of two heathen "subordinates" determined, as this study would show, by "cultural constructions" or "cultural conceptions" (terms used by Morris) of gender differences, as well as differences between two cultures: the British and the American..
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Madani, Shpëtim. "THE INDIVIDUALISM/COLLECTIVISM DICHOTOMY IN N. HAWTHORNE’S NOVEL “THE SCARLET LETTER”." PEOPLE: International Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (July 18, 2022): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.20319/pijss.2022.82.4050.
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This paper seeks to examine the novel The Scarlet Letter, published in 1850, by Nathaniel Hawthorne through individualism/collectivism dichotomy, highlighting the major chasm between the harsh 17th-century puritan community that demands total conformity from its members and heroine’s incessant struggle for individualism. Based on qualitative research, the analysis starts with a short introduction of individualism/collectivism dichotomy. It subsequently highlights the intense clash arising from the puritan morality and the heroine’s determination to create her own moral rules. The study found out that Hester’s strength of character and support for the community help to abate the dichotomy between the two parties, which leads to a fair degree of mutual acceptance.
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Bassett, Lawrence F. "An English Class with Emily." English Journal 87, no. 3 (March 1, 1998): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.58680/ej19983557.
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Presents a high school student’s description in class of her deep connection to Hester Prynne in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s “The Scarlet Letter,” and how it offers a glimpse of the vast interior lives of women.
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Herbert, T. Walter. "Nathaniel Hawthorne, Una Hawthorne, and The Scarlet Letter: Interactive Selfhoods and the Cultural Construction of Gender." PMLA 103, no. 3 (May 1988): 285. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/462377.
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Lorrain, Stéphanie. "Culture savante et culture populaire dans les romans de Nathaniel Hawthorne." Recherches anglaises et nord-américaines 43, no. 1 (2010): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ranam.2010.1398.
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The purpose of this paper is to understand how popular culture and scholarly culture are perceived by Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804-1864) and how they are linked in three of his novels, The Scarlet Letter (1850), The House of the Seven Gables (1851) et The Blithedale Romance (1852). This point is especially relevant since in the 19th-century American society was undergoing major social and economic changes aimed at forging a political as well as a cultural identity for the United States. This cultural quest created a popular culture, typical of the United States, and much different from the European popular culture. For instance, specific literary characters appeared at that time in American novels, thus taking part in the development of America’s cultural identity.
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Deutsch, Helen. "The Scaffold in the Marketplace." Nineteenth-Century Literature 68, no. 3 (December 1, 2013): 363–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ncl.2013.68.3.363.
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Samuel Johnson haunted the nineteenth-century American literary imagination, and there is no more compelling example of this than Nathaniel Hawthorne, who modeled his uniquely reticent form of authorial exemplarity in Johnson’s sociable shadow. This essay looks at a neglected dimension of Hawthorne’s historical and moral endeavor in his masterpiece, The Scarlet Letter (1850), by considering his fascination with both the great Augustan moralist and the elusive, mobile, and seminal historical genre that shaped that fascination, the anecdote. The genre of exemplarity par excellence, the anecdote is also, in Joel Fineman’s words, “the literary form that uniquely lets history happen by virtue of the way it introduces an opening into the teleological, and therefore timeless, narration of beginning, middle, and end.” The anecdote is thus the “hole within the whole” from which alternative histories, including the true histories known as romances, can emerge. Hawthorne’s lifelong preoccupation with James Boswell’s anecdote of Johnson’s penance in Uttoxeter Market roots a uniquely American fictional hero (aka Arthur Dimmesdale) and Hawthorne’s distinctively melancholic mode of American authorship, in Johnson’s English singularity.
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Choudhury, Zareen. "The Scarlet Letter and New England’s Witchcraft Beliefs." Crossings: A Journal of English Studies 1, no. 1 (December 1, 2008): 95–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.59817/cjes.v1i1.425.
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The witch trials and the mass execution of women branded as witches throughout the 17th century New England were meant to serve an ideology designed for the world the Puritans were attempting to create. The Puritan witchcraft beliefs are inextricably related with their religious and social word-view as well as with their negative image of woman. Witches were the most powerful symbol of human evil—seductive and threatening to the moral and social order. Witchcraft has compelled the attention of a long and almost continuous line of American writers, Nathaniel Hawthorne being one of them. The Scarlet Letter, set against the background of the 17th century Puritan New England, deals mostly with the guilt-ridden aspect of human psyche and the Puritan society’s unredemptive doctrine of sin and punishment. However, the frequent references to witches, to the Black Man in connection with the dense forest, to the historical witch figures like Hutchinson and Hibbens, connect the novel with the dark episode of the Puritan witchcraft. The constant presence of the witch in both physical and spiritual form throughout the novel shows that Hawthorne refers to these supernatural beings not merely as a passive element of his novel’s plot, but rather as a strong component of the historical context in which the story of the novel unfolds itself. it makes the novel an even more authentic document of the Puritan era. My paper attempts to explore, in the context of The Scarlet Letter, the much condemned yet an inseparable chapter of the New England history-the witchcraft beliefs and how they had justified and at the same time subverted the Founders’ vision and their goals.
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임명수. "A study on And Then :Through contrast with Scarlet Letter of Nathaniel Hawthorne." Japanese Cultural Studies ll, no. 41 (January 2012): 466–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18075/jcs..41.201201.466.
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Hui, Chen. "Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Narrative Empathy in The Scarlet Letter." International Journal of Humanities and Social Science 10, no. 2 (April 30, 2023): 87–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/23942703/ijhss-v10i2p111.
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Huo, Ran. "Analysis of The Scarlet Letter from the Perspective of Ecology." English Language and Literature Studies 12, no. 1 (January 17, 2022): 76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v12n1p76.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is “the culmination of his reading, study, and experimentation with themes about the subjects of Puritans, sin, guilt, and the human conflict between emotions and intellect” (Van Kirk, 2000, p. 7). Since its publication, the novel remains popular generation after generation and has been studied in myriad ways. Following environmentalist scholars Jeger and Slotnick, this paper studies Hawthorne’s masterpiece through the lens of ecology, suggesting that study should be focused on the transaction between people and their settings, which includes both the natural and social environment, rather than looking exclusively at individuals or the environment as sources of human’s health problems. From such an ecological perspective, this analysis of the story focuses on space not merely individuals. The understanding that place is not only land’s natural features but also includes the cultures of the people with their human, social, and economic arrangements is essential. This paper also analyzes the reasons for the trauma of the four protagonists of The Scarlet Letter and the ways their destinies shaped by their different relations to their ecological environment. Finally, the paper illustrates the role nature and love play in promoting mental health and the overall growth of the main characters in the novel. In conclusion, the novel recognizes that the harmony between humans and their environment, both external and internal, and both natural and man-made, is key in enhancing people’s happiness and health level, both physically and psychologically.
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Silva, Felipe Vale da. "Transcending self and society. The paradox of selfhood in Hawthorne’s novels." Cadernos do IL, no. 53 (January 20, 2017): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.22456/2236-6385.67288.
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Este artigo retoma a discussão acadêmica sobre a noção de autonomia em The Scarlet Letter, de Nathaniel Hawthorne. Hester Prynne, sua célebre protagonista, desperta a atenção de leitores modernos como um modelo de autossuficiência e inconformismo heroico, ainda que o autor lhe negue uma recompensa substancial por seus atos de autoafirmação. Hester é condenada a viver o resto de sua existência como uma proscrita, e, ainda pior, como alguém que se vê como tal. O argumento desenvolvido aqui parte de sua inabilidade de transformar agência autônoma em uma identidade plena, satisfeita consigo, para encontrar em um romance posterior do autor, The Blithedale Romance, uma abordagem complementar do caráter paradoxal do sujeito hawthorniano.
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Yahya Al-Hilo, Mujtaba Mohammedali, and Haider Saad Yahya Jubran. "AIdeological Manipulation Strategies of Religion and Emotional Deception: A Study of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter." Advances in Language and Literary Studies 13, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.7575/aiac.alls.v.13n.1.p.49.
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One of the foundational cornerstones upon which works of literature are built is Religion. It is a motivational ideology that inspires authors to write fiction. Ideological literary works are not mere aesthetic attempts that reflect the unlimited potential ability of literature to present the unthinkable: they are serious works that reflect the very social turmoil that the author has been experiencing in his society. The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne perfectly represents this type of genre. He successfully shows the way Religion was ideological manipulated by the authorities in that Puritan society. This paper highlights the different ideological strategies influential individuals employ to change people’s convictions. After a short perusal of the different stages, the theory of ideology has undergone, it presents the most significant ideological factors in the novel depending on various thinkers, mainly Sigmund Freud, Jacques Lacan, and Slavoj Zizek. It also shows the domination of ideology over the life of people: it may be observed in their clothes, customs, cultural attitude, and means of communication. Depending on certain theorists, this research finally proves that it is beyond the possibility of anyone to break the chains of ideology and live in a Real world. The illusion of ideology sneaks into every single detail of people’s lives, as represented in Hawthorne’s novel.
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Oñoro Otero, Cristina. "Puritanismo, mirada masculina y espectadoras: "The Scarlet Letter" (2018), de Angélica Liddell." Tropelías: Revista de Teoría de la Literatura y Literatura Comparada, no. 35 (January 30, 2021): 70–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.26754/ojs_tropelias/tropelias.2021355116.
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En las siguientes páginas me propongo abordar desde la perspectiva de la “espectadora feminista” (Dolan) el montaje The Scarlet Letter, de Angélica Liddell, una versión libre de la novela de Nathaniel Hawthorne estrenada en Francia a finales de 2018. Exploraré las emociones paradójicas que tal espectadora siente durante una representación en la que se carga contra las mujeres y el puritanismo del movimiento #MeToo pero que, al mismo tiempo, y desde un punto de vista estético, se desafía la “mirada masculina dominante” (Mulvey) y la propia Liddell se afirma como creadora. Como veremos, la obra de Liddell reivindicará el teatro como espacio ritual de lo íntimo frente a la cultura televisiva, puritana e hipócrita, de las conductas globalizadas. A través del teatro de Liddell, en definitiva, podremos acercarnos a la forma conflictiva en la que una parte de los creadores escénicos contemporáneos piensa el espectador.
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AURINA, NIA. "An Analysis of Islamic Educational Values from Social Perspective in Nathaniel Hawthorne’s Novel “The Scarlet Letter”." Ta'dib: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam 24, no. 1 (June 29, 2019): 172–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.19109/td.v24i1.3111.
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The purpose of this study was to analyze Islamic educational values taken from The Scarlet Letter novel written by Nathaniel Howtorne, The Scarlet Letter. This study was a qualitative research. The data were collected by using documentation, interview, and observation. In analyzing the data, social perspectives in terms of readers’ orientation approach were used. After analyzing the novel of The Scarlet Letter, it was found that there were some ethics values like commitment, respect, discipline, responsibility, caring, justice, benevolence, love, generosity, solidarity, tolerance, honesty, compassion, good judgment, and, courage in the novel. The message of the novel might contribute to be the solution of the problems that the readers are facing today. They should live among others in peaceful atmosphere, help one another, respect one another and appreciate ethics values to create a better life.
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Zhao, Zhang. "An Interpretation of Chillingworth in The Scarlet Letter from the Perspective of Jung’s Archetype Criticism." International Journal of English Literature and Social Sciences 8, no. 2 (2023): 194–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijels.82.27.
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Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter is a literary canon in American literature. As a classic, this novel has already been interpreted in many ways, such as feminism, existentialism, ecofeminism and so on. However, as for the analysis of characters, the research of the novel The Scarlet Letter mainly concentrates on Hester or Dimmesdale, yet Roger Chillingworth hasn’t been studied in depth. This essay is going to delve into the psychological process of Chillingworth’s tragedy in The Scarlet Letter based on Jungian archetypal theory. This essay discusses Chillingworth’s destruction, mainly attributes to the main archetypes of the “persona” and the “shadow” that manifest in him. The importance to realize and adjust one’s archetypes to a balanced state for a healthy psyche is shown in this essay. Furthermore, by understanding Chillingworth’s tragedy helps readers to avoid such kind of tragedies.
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Zakaria, Zakaria, Akin Duli, and Fathu Rahman. "Puritan’s Hegemony in the Nathaniel Hawthorn’s The Scarlet Letter." Language Circle: Journal of Language and Literature 15, no. 1 (October 20, 2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/lc.v15i1.25766.
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Misperception and inhuman behave presented by Puritan in conducting state administration, consequently character of Hester Prynne in the novel of Nathaniel Hawthorn’s The Scarlet Letter under the implementation of religious values, law assembling, and political system. The implementation of Puritan’s inhuman religious, law and political values to Prynne’s personal character is something criminal behave, and assembling of the law in the case of sin of Prynne’s adultery presented by Custom House was irresponsible decision or immoral severance in front of court. Puritan’s values over the social living is regulated not only for social norms, culture, and law affairs, but even political matters, means that everything must be obeyed and be bent over the God’s rule, and so to whom (married woman) has committed adultery, must be committed as a sinner and impose a sentence in front of general public. It is a library research and used descriptive qualitative analysis. In challenging and lift it up the universal value in against suppressive, hegemonic in the case Prynn the writer used two approachings as solution to solve the problem and they are feminism perspective and deconstruction model as a solution over the Prynne’s problem.
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Sultana, Tanzin. "Hawthorne’s Dimmesdale and Waliullah’s Majeed Are Not Charlatan: A Comparative Study in the Perspective of Destabilized Socio-Religious Psychology." English Language and Literature Studies 10, no. 3 (June 23, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ells.v10n3p1.
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The purpose of this paper is to discuss comparatively Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter and Waliullah’s Tree Without Roots to address the social and religious challenges behind the psychology of a man. Dimmesdale and Majeed are not hypocritical. Nathaniel Hawthorne is an important American novelist from the 19th century, while Syed Waliullah is a famous South Asian novelist from the 20th century. Despite being the authors of two different nations, there is a conformity between them in presenting the vulnerability of Dimmesdale and Majeed in their novels. Whether a religious practice or not, a faithful religion is a matter of a set conviction or a force of omnipotence. If a man of any class in an unfixed socio-religious environment finds that he is unable to survive financially or to fulfill his latent propensity, he subtly plays with that fixed belief. In The Scarlet Letter, the Puritan Church minister, Arthur Dimmesdale cannot publicly confess that he is also a co-sinner of Hester’s adultery in Salem. In Tree Without Roots, Majeed knows that the ‘Mazar of Saint Shah Sadeque’ is a lie to the ignorant people of Mahabbatpur. There is also a similarity, however, between Dimmesdale and Majeed. They understand the cruelty of man-made, unsettled social and religious verdicts against a man’s emotional and physical needs. So, despite suffering from inner torment against goodness and evil, they are not willing to reveal their truth of wrongdoing in public action to save their status as well to survive.
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Maghfirah, Sulmi. "ANALYZING SOCIAL ASPECTS IN THE SCARLET LETTER NOVEL BY NATHANIEL HAWTHORNE (A GENETIC STRUCTURALISM APPROACH)." Elite : English and Literature Journal 4, no. 1 (June 10, 2017): 29–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/elite.v4i1a3.
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Missud, Jean. "L’oxymore comme point de confluence des contraires : l’exemple de The Scarlet Letter de Nathaniel Hawthorne." Etudes de stylistique anglaise, no. 10 (December 1, 2016): 105–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/esa.753.
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Naydan, Liliana M. "Hawthorne and the Problem of Immigrant Fiction in Jhumpa Lahiri's Hema and Kaushik." College Literature 50, no. 4 (September 2023): 526–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lit.2023.a908886.
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ABSTRACT: This article considers Jhumpa Lahiri's exploration of the tensions that manifest within the category of immigrant fiction through a reading of Hema and Kaushik , a short story cycle that functions as a hybrid parody of the form and content of two of Nathaniel Hawthorne's works: The Scarlet Letter and The Marble Faun . It argues that Lahiri challenges reductive conceptualizations of immigrant identity while spotlighting key differences between Hawthorne's fictionalized Anglo-Saxon immigrants and her fictionalized South Asian ones. She tacitly comments on Hawthorne's politics and on the politics of art and literature as lenses into the South Asian immigrant experience in what Edoardo Campanella and Marta Dassù characterize as Anglo-nostalgic times. Ultimately, Lahiri mourns her fictionalized immigrants' disempowerment while inviting her readers to persevere where her protagonists fail: through furthering conversations about the politics of immigrant identity, hybridity in its different forms, and Anglo-nostalgic impulses that threaten to subvert the agency of hybrid and marginalized individuals in and beyond the United States.