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Academic literature on the topic 'Scattering coefficient'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 9 June 2025

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Journal articles on the topic "Scattering coefficient"

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Zhang, Q. Q., X. J. Wu, C. Wang, S. W. Zhu, Y. L. Wang, Bruce Z. Gao, and X. C. Yuan. "Scattering Coefficients of Mice Organs Categorized Pathologically by Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/471082.

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Differences in tissue density cause a variety of scattering coefficients. To quantify optical coherence tomography (OCT) images for diagnosis, the tissue's scattering coefficient is estimated by curve fitting the OCT signals to a confocal single backscattering mode. The results from a group of 30 mice show that the scattering coefficients of bone, skin, liver, brain, testis, and spleen can be categorized into three groups: a scattering coefficient between 1.947 and 2.134 mm−1: bone and skin; a scattering coefficient between 1.303 and 1.461 mm−1: liver and brain; a scattering coefficient between 0.523 and 0.634 mm−1: testis and spleen. The results indicate that the scattering coefficient is tissue specific and could be used in tissue diagnosis.

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KÖRKKÖ, MIKA, OSSI LAITINEN, ANTTI HAAPALA, ARI ÄMMÄLÄ, and JOUKO NIINIMÄKI. "Scattering properties of recycled pulp at the near infrared region and its effect on the determination of residual ink." June 2011 10, no. 6 (July 1, 2011): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj10.6.17.

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Residual ink in recycled pulp can be determined from a wide variety of pads and sheets using either a constant or measured near infrared (NIR) scattering coefficient. The method is usually chosen on the basis of the opaqueness of the prepared test media. Although both methods are regularly used, it is unclear whether NIR scattering properties of pulp vary due to changing proportions of fibers and fines and whether the changing NIR scattering coefficient affects the residual ink values. We investigated the effect of varying scattering coefficient on residual ink results obtained with unknown (constant) and known (measured) NIR scattering coefficients. We measured the NIR scattering coefficients and residual ink values (using the wavelength of 700 nm) from low-grammage sheets with deliberately varied filler content. By varying the filler content, changes were detected in the NIR scattering properties of pulp; therefore, the residual ink values were biased when a constant scattering coefficient was used. However, when the scattering coefficient was measured during the determination of residual ink, no deviation was observed when compared with the values calculated according to mass proportions. The measured NIR scattering coefficient should always be used during the determination of residual ink values.

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Chung, Won Young, Sun Young Kim, and Chang Ho Kang. "Image Dehazing Using LiDAR Generated Grayscale Depth Prior." Sensors 22, no. 3 (February 5, 2022): 1199. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22031199.

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In this paper, the dehazing algorithm is proposed using a one-channel grayscale depth image generated from a LiDAR point cloud 2D projection image. In depth image-based dehazing, the estimation of the scattering coefficient is the most important. Since scattering coefficients are used to estimate the transmission image for dehazing, the optimal coefficients for effective dehazing must be obtained depending on the level of haze generation. Thus, we estimated the optimal scattering coefficient for 100 synthetic haze images and represented the distribution between the optimal scattering coefficient and dark channels. Moreover, through linear regression of the aforementioned distribution, the equation between scattering coefficients and dark channels was estimated, enabling the estimation of appropriate scattering coefficient. Transmission image for dehazing is defined with a scattering coefficient and a grayscale depth image, obtained from LiDAR 2D projection. Finally, dehazing is performed based on the atmospheric scattering model through the defined atmospheric light and transmission image. The proposed method was quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed through simulation and image quality parameters. Qualitative analysis was conducted through YOLO v3 and quantitative analysis was conducted through MSE, PSNR, SSIM, etc. In quantitative analysis, SSIM showed an average performance improvement of 24%.

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Sato, Haruo. "Isotropic scattering coefficient of the solid earth." Geophysical Journal International 218, no. 3 (June 6, 2019): 2079–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggz266.

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SUMMARY The isotropic scattering model is a simple mathematical model of the radiative transfer theory (RTT) for the propagation of the wave energy density in random media. There have been many measurements of the isotropic scattering coefficient of the heterogeneous solid earth medium, where the target region varies from the lower and upper mantle, the crust, sediments, volcanoes, mines, rock samples and also the crust and the upper mantle of the moon. Reported isotropic scattering coefficients increase according to some power of frequency with some scatter. We know that the RTT is well approximated by the diffusion equation in the multiple scattering regime, where the equipartition is established. Then, the transport scattering coefficient effectively functions as an isotropic scattering coefficient even if the scattering coefficient derived by the Born approximation for the random velocity fluctuation is anisotropic. Recent review of the power spectral density functions of random velocity fluctuations in the solid earth revealed from various kinds of measurements shows that their spectral envelope is well approximated by the inverse cube of wavenumber for a wide range of wavenumbers (Sato, 2019). The transport scattering coefficient derived from the spectral envelope linearly increases with frequency, which well explains the observed isotropic scattering coefficients for a wide range of frequencies. However, some reported isotropic scattering coefficients show unusual behaviour: the isotropic scattering coefficient increases as depth decreases in the crust and the upper mantle of the earth and the moon, those beneath volcanoes are larger than those in the lithosphere, and that in a sandstone sample with a large porosity is larger than that in a gabbro sample with little porosity. Those differences may suggest possible scattering contribution of pores and cracks widely distributed in addition to the scattering by random velocity fluctuations.

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Esmonde-White, Francis W. L., and David H. Burns. "A Portable Multi-Wavelength near Infrared Photon Time-of-flight Instrument for Measuring Light Scattering." Journal of Near Infrared Spectroscopy 17, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 167–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1255/jnirs.847.

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Measured light scattering properties can be used to improve quantitative spectroscopic analyses of turbid samples. Instruments currently used to measure scattering coefficients are not optimised for portability. A hand-held, dual-wavelength instrument was developed and validated for rapid measurement of reduced scattering coefficients in tandem with near infrared spectra. Tissue simulating phantoms composed of Intralipid and dye were used to model clinically relevant optical properties. Time-dependent intensity profiles of diffusely reflected near infrared pulsed laser light were collected from phantoms and processed to estimate scattering coefficients. In turbid solutions, optical scattering was measured at 850 nm and 905 nm with coefficients of variation of 14.1% and 11.6% over a clinically-relevant reduced scattering coefficient range of 1 mm−1 to 6 mm−1. This dual-wavelength scattering measurement provides a practical method for measuring optical scattering. A 35% precision improvement in quantification of an absorbing dye is shown by incorporating the measured reduced scattering coefficients when processing NIR spectra. We discuss the new instrument, methods for estimating the scattering coefficient from the measured temporal profiles and, finally, how the reduced scattering coefficient is used to correct NIR measurements. Correction of near infrared spectra using optical scattering measurements offers one direction for improving practical non-invasive biomedical quantification techniques.

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Blaney, Giles, Angelo Sassaroli, and Sergio Fantini. "Method for Measuring Absolute Optical Properties of Turbid Samples in a Standard Cuvette." Applied Sciences 12, no. 21 (October 27, 2022): 10903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122110903.

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Many applications seek to measure a sample’s absorption coefficient spectrum to retrieve the chemical makeup. Many real-world samples are optically turbid, causing scattering confounds which many commercial spectrometers cannot address. R1C1Using diffusion theory and considering absorption and reduced scattering coefficients on the order of 0.01/mm and 1/mm, respectively, we develop a method which utilizes frequency-domain to measure absolute optical properties of turbid samples in a standard cuvette ( 45x10x10mm). Inspired by the self-calibrating method, which removes instrumental confounds, the method uses measurements of the diffuse complex transmittance at two sets of two different source-detector distances. We find: this works best for highly scattering samples (reduced scattering coefficient above 1/mm); higher relative error in the absorption coefficient compared to the reduced scattering coefficient; accuracy is tied to knowledge of the sample’s index of refraction. Noise simulations with 0.1 amplitude and 0.1=1.7mrad phase uncertainty find errors in absorption and reduced scattering coefficients of 4 and 1 , respectively. We expect that higher error in the absorption coefficient can be alleviated with highly scattering samples and that boundary condition confounds may be suppressed by designing a cuvette with high index of refraction. Further work will investigate implementation and reproducibility.

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Chen, Zezong, Jian Li, Chen Zhao, Fan Ding, and Xi Chen. "The Scattering Coefficient for Shore-to-Air Bistatic High Frequency (HF) Radar Configurations as Applied to Ocean Observations." Remote Sensing 11, no. 24 (December 11, 2019): 2978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11242978.

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To extend the scope of high frequency (HF) radio oceanography, a new HF radar model, named shore-to-air bistatic HF radar, has been proposed for ocean observations. To explore this model, the first-order scattering coefficient and the second-order electromagnetic scattering coefficient for shore-to-air bistatic HF radar are derived using the perturbation method. In conjunction with the contribution of the hydrodynamic component, the second-order scattering coefficient is derived. Based on the derived scattering coefficients, we analyzed the simulated echo Doppler spectra for various scattering angles and azimuthal angles, operation frequencies, wind speeds, and directions of wind, which may provide the guideline on the extraction of sea state information for shore-to-air bistatic HF radar. The singularities in the simulated echo Doppler spectra are discussed using the normalized constant Doppler frequency contours. In addition, the scattering coefficients of shore-to-air bistatic HF radar are compared with that of monostatic HF radar and land-based bistatic HF radar. The results verify the correctness of the proposed scattering coefficients. The model of shore-to-air bistatic HF radar is effective for ocean observations.

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Ye, Shubing, Guobin Feng, Zhejun Feng, Zhenbao Wang, Dahui Wang, and Changqing Cao. "Properties of Scattering Fields from Gaussian Beam Incident on Rough Cylinders." Photonics 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2023): 699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10060699.

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At present, most researchers focus on plane wave incident on targets, but in practical applications, most of the beams are Gaussian beam. We study the scattering fields of Gaussian beam incident on rough cylinders. Coherent and incoherent scattering coefficients are obtained based on the angular spectrum expansion and physical optics approximation, and the effects of cylinder roughness, beam radius, cylinder radius and angle of incidence on scattering coefficients are analyzed. The results show that, for a constant wavelength, when the root mean square height is greater than or equal to 1/5 of the wavelength, the coherent scattering coefficient curve undergoes a change in its distribution, with the peak transforming into a trough. Furthermore, when the root mean square height is greater than or equal to 1/3 of the wavelength, the incoherent scattering coefficient experiences a decline as the root mean square height increases. The correlation length only affects the incoherent scattering coefficient. Both the coherent and incoherent scattering coefficients decrease with the increase in the incident angle. Finally, when the roughness and incident angle are constant, with the increase in the ratio of the cylinder radius to the beam waist radius, the scattered light field is more concentrated. Our results provide the theoretical basis for the measurement of the cylindrical scattering field.

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Dolin, L. S. "On the Influence of Spatial Fluctuations of the Water Inherent Optical Properties on the Energy of a Lidar Echo Signal Coming from a Water." Fundamental and Applied Hydrophysics 16, no. 1 (April 21, 2023): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.59887/fpg/1gan-g7mu-dk9p.

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Theoretical models of the statistical characteristics of the lidar echo signal have been developed to interpret the results of optical sounding of heavily eutrophicated water bodies. Formulas are obtained for calculating the statistically average value and coefficient of variation of the energy of the elastic backscattering signal coming from the near-surface layer of water with randomly inhomogeneous absorption and scattering coefficients. Examples of the dependence of the indicated signal characteristics on the coefficients of variation of the optical characteristics of water are given. It has been established that fluctuations in the absorption coefficient lead to an increase in the average energy of the received signal, and fluctuations in the scattering coefficient to its slight decrease. A significant decrease in the average echo signal energy can be observed with cross-correlated fluctuations in the absorption and scattering coefficients, i. e. in the case when the attenuation coefficient fluctuates at a constant single scattering albedo. Considerations are made on how algorithms for estimating the average values of the optical characteristics of water and the parameters of their inhomogeneities from the average value and the coefficient of variation of the echo signal energy can be constructed.

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Zhu, Xiangdong, Guoqiang Xu, Jian Kang, Xiaoyan Xue, and Yu Hao. "Influence of Surface Scattering on Auditorium Acoustic Parameters." Buildings 14, no. 6 (June 20, 2024): 1882. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061882.

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Surface scattering greatly impacts and improves the acoustic quality of an auditorium, affecting properties such as the reverberation time, early decay time, definition, and sound strength. However, this aspect has not been sufficiently investigated to date. In this study, six completed auditoriums are taken as research samples and computer simulations are performed to analyze the variation patterns in the acoustic-quality parameters as functions of increments in the surface scattering coefficients. The results show that the reverberation time and early decay time change marginally (<5%) when the ceiling scattering coefficient increases from 0.01 to 0.99. When the sidewall scattering coefficient increases, the reverberation time and early decay time shorten, and the variation range expands (5–16.7%). In most cases, the definition and sound strength do not significantly change (<0.05 and 1.0 dB). A balcony on the auditorium sidewall can affect the reverberation time-change curve when the sidewall scattering coefficient changes. Changes in the ceiling and sidewall scattering coefficients affect the reflected sound-energy distribution along the time axis differently. Sidewall scattering has a significantly greater impact on the impulse response than ceiling scattering. The findings of this study provide theoretical guidance for the scattering design of the surface of theater auditoriums.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scattering coefficient"

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Fröba, Andreas P., Cristina Botero, Heiko Kremer, and Alfred Leipertz. "Mutual diffusion coefficient in fluids by dynamic light scattering." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-196269.

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Fröba, Andreas P., Cristina Botero, Heiko Kremer, and Alfred Leipertz. "Mutual diffusion coefficient in fluids by dynamic light scattering." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 70, S. 1-2, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14404.

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Baker, Stephen. "Optimal determination of the optical coefficients from scattering media." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268794.

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Aslan, Gokhan. "Cepstral Deconvolution Method For Measurement Of Absorption And Scattering Coefficients Of Materials." Master's thesis, METU, 2007. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12608021/index.pdf.

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Several methods are developed to measure absorption and scattering coefficients of materials. In this study, a new method based on cepstral deconvolution technique is proposed. A reverberation room method standardized recently by ISO (ISO 17497-1) is taken as the reference for measurements. Several measurements were conducted in a physically scaled reverberation room and results are evaluated according to these two methods, namely, the method given in the standard and cepstral deconvolution method. Two methods differ from each other in the estimation of specular parts of room impulse responses essential for determination of scattering coefficients. In the standard method, specular part is found by synchronous averaging of impulse responses. However, cepstral deconvolution method utilizes cepstral analysis to obtain the specular part instead of averaging. Results obtained by both of these two approaches are compared for five different test materials. Both of the methods gave almost same values for absorption coefficients. On the other hand, lower scattering coefficient values have been obtained for cepstral deconvolution with respect to the ISO method.

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Davies, Joshua. "NNNLO and all-order corrections to splitting and coefficient functions in deep-inelastic scattering." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2016. http://livrepository.liverpool.ac.uk/3003745/.

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This thesis describes several calculations of quantities describing the deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) of leptons and hadrons, within the framework of massless perturbative quantum chromodynamics. The third order (NNNLO) contributions to the coefficient functions C⁻ 2,ns, C⁻ L,ns and C⁻ 3,ns, which describe charged-current (W±-exchange) DIS in the linear combination W⁺-W⁻ are presented. Complementing existing results for the W⁺+W⁻ combination, these new results complete the third-order description of charged-current DIS. The results are presented both as compact parametrizations and exact expressions. The corrections are found to be small for experimentally relevant values of the Bjorken-x variable. The behaviour of the DIS structure functions in the small-x limit is considered. By finding a suitable functional form with which to describe them, it is possible to use the results of existing fixed-order perturbative calculations to resum the leading small-x double logarithms of the coefficient functions and splitting functions to all orders in the strong coupling constant αs. All-order descriptions of the leading three double logarithms are discussed and presented for both coefficient functions and splitting functions. Finally, the results of recent advances in the fourth-order computation of the Mellin moments of structure functions are used to reconstruct expressions for the general Mellin-N dependence of the large-nf parts of the fourth-order contributions to the splitting functions. The software package FORCER is able to compute a sufficient number of Mellin moments to determine the N dependence of the n²f terms of the non-singlet splitting functions, and the n³f terms of the singlet splitting functions. The resulting expressions are in agreement with, and extend, various existing computations found in the literature.

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O'Bree, Terry Adam, and s9907681@student rmit edu au. "Investigations of light scattering by Australian natural waters for remote sensing applications." RMIT University. Applied Sciences, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080110.140055.

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Remote sensing is the collection of information about an object from a distance without physically being in contact with it. The type of remote sensing of interest here is in the form of digital images of water bodies acquired by satellite. The advantage over traditional sampling techniques is that data can be gathered quickly over large ranges, and be available for immediate analysis. Remote sensing is a powerful technique for the monitoring of water bodies. To interpret the remotely sensed data, however, knowledge of the optical properties of the water constituents is needed. One of the most important of these is the volume scattering function, which describes the angular distribution of light scattered by a sample. This thesis presents the first measurements of volume scattering functions for Australian waters. Measurements were made on around 40 different samples taken from several locations in the Gippsland lakes and the Great Barrier Reef. The measurements were made by modifying an existing static light scattering spectrometer in order to accurately measure the volume scattering functions. The development of the apparatus, its calibration and automation, and the application of a complex series of post-acquisition data corrections, are all discussed. In order to extrapolate the data over the full angular range, the data was analysed using theoretical curves calculated for multi-modal size distributions using Mie light scattering theory applied to each data set. From the Mie fits the scattering and backscattering coefficients were calculated. These were compared with scattering coefficients measured using in situ sensors ac-9 and Hydroscat-6, and with values from the literature. The effect of chlorophyll a concentrations on the scattering coefficients was examined, and a brief investigation of the polarisation properties of the samples was also undertaken. Finally the angular effects on the relationship between the backscattering coefficient and the volume scattering function were investigated. This is important as in situ backscattering sensors often assume that measuring at a single fixed-angle is a good approximation for calculating the backscattering coefficient. This assumption is tested, and the optimal measurement angle determined.

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Botero, Cristina, Heiko Kremer, Andreas P. Fröba, and Alfred Leipertz. "Particle diffusion coefficient and dynamic viscosity in non-ideal liquid mixtures by dynamic light scattering." Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig, 2016. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:15-qucosa-196233.

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Botero, Cristina, Heiko Kremer, Andreas P. Fröba, and Alfred Leipertz. "Particle diffusion coefficient and dynamic viscosity in non-ideal liquid mixtures by dynamic light scattering." Diffusion fundamentals 2 (2005) 67, S. 1-2, 2005. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A14401.

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Neukermans, Griet. "Les particules en suspension dans les eaux côtières turbides : estimation par mesures optique in situ et depuis l'espace." Thesis, Littoral, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DUNK0406/document.

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Les particules en suspension dans l'eau de mer incluent les sédiments, le phytoplancton, le zooplancton, les bactéries, les virus et des détritus. Ces particules sont communément appelés matière en suspension (MES). Dans les eaux côtières, la MES peut parcourir de longues distances et être transportée verticalement à travers la colonne d'eau sous l'effet des vents et des marées favorisant les processus d'advection et de resuspension. Ceci implique une large variabilité spatio-temporelle de MES et quasiment impossible à reconstituer à travers les mesures traditionnelles des concentrations de MES [MES], par filtration de l'eau de mer à bord de bateaux. La [MES] peut être obtenue à partir de capteurs optiques enregistrant la diffusion et déployés soit de manière in-situ, soit à partir d'un satellite dans l'espace. Depuis la fin des années 70, par exemple, les satellites "couleur de l'eau" permettent d'établir des cartes de [MES] globales. La fréquence d'une image par jour pour la mer di Nord de ces capteurs polaires représente un obstacle non négligeable pour l'étude de variabilité de la [MES] dans les eaux côtières où la marée et les vents engendrent des variations rapides au cours de la journée. Cette limitation est d'autant plus importante pour les régions avec une couverture nuageuse fréquente. Les méthodes in-situ à partir d'un navire autonome ou d'une plateforme amarrée permettent d'enregistrer des données en continu mais leur couverture spatiale reste néanmoins limitée. Ce travail a pour objectif de mettre en avant les techniques de mesures in-situ et satellite de la [MES] en se concentrant principalement sur deux points. Premièrement, d'acquérir une meilleure connaissance de la variabilité de la relation entre la [MES] et la lumière diffuse, et deuxièmement, d'établir des cartes de [MES] dans la mer du Nord avec le capteur géostationnaire météorologique Européen (SEVIRI) qui donne des images chaque 15 minutes.La variabilité de la relation entre la [MES] et la lumière diffuse est étudiée à l'aide d'une banque de données in-situ. Nous démontrons que la [MES] est le mieux estimée à partir des mesures dans l'intervalle rouge du spectre de lumière rétro-diffuse. Par ailleurs, la relation entre la [MES] et la rétrodiffusion est gouvernée par la composition organique/inorganique des particules, ce qui représente des possibilités d'amélioration pour les algorithmes d'estimation de [MES] à partir de la couleur de l'eau. Nous démontrons aussi qu'avec SEVIRI il est possible d'estimer la [MES], la turbidité et le coefficient d'atténuation, deux variables étroitement liées à la [MES], avec généralement une bonne précision. Bien qu'il y ait d'importantes incertitudes dans les eaux claires, cette réussite est remarquable pour un capteur météorologique initialement conçu pour le suivi des nuages et des masses glaciaires, cibles beaucoup plus brillantes que la mer! Ce travail démontre pour la première fois que la variabilité de la [MES] à l'échelle temporelle des marées dans les eaux côtières au sud de la mer du Nord peut être capturée et mesurée par le biais de la télédétection de la couleur de l'eau ; ce qui ouvre des opportunités pour le monitoring de la turbidité et pour la modélisation des écosystèmes. Le premier capteur géostationnaire couleur de l'eau a été lancé en juin 2012, donnant des images multispectrale des eaux coréennes chaque heure. D'autres capteurs vont probablement suivre dans l'avenir, couvrant le reste des eaux du globe. Ce travail nous permet donc de préparer, de façon optimale, l'arrivée de ces capteurs qui vont révolutionner l'océanographie optique<br>Particles suspended in seawater include sediments, phytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteria, viruses, and detritus, and are collectively referred to as suspended particulate matter, SPM. In coastal waters, SPM is transported over long distances and in the water column by biological, tide or wind-driven advection and resuspension processes, thus varying strongly in time and space. These strong dynamics challenge the traditional measurement of the concentration of SPM, [SPM], through filtration of seawater sampled from ships. Estimation of [SPM] from sensors recording optical scattering allows to cover larger temporal or spatial scales. So called ocean colour satelittes, for example, have been used for the mapping of [SPM] on a global scale since the late 1970s. These polar-orbiting satellites typically provide one image per day forthe North Sea area. However, the sampling frequency of these satellites is a serious limitation in coastal waters where [SPM] changes rapidly during the day due to tides and winds.Optical instruments installed on moored platforms or on under-water vehicles can be operated continuously, but their spatial coverage is limited. This work aims to advance in situ and space-based optical techniques for [SPM] retrieval by investigating the natural variability in the relationship between [SPM] and light scattering by particles and by investigating whether the European geostationary meteorological SEVIRI sensor, which provides imagery every 15 minutes, can be used for the mapping of [SPM] in the southern North Sea. Based on an extensive in situ dataset, we show that [SPM] is best estimated from red light scattered in the back directions (backscattering). Moreover, the relationship between [SPM]] and particulate backscattering is driven by the organic/inorganic composition of suspended particles, offering opportunities to improve [SPM] retrieval algorithms. We also show that SEVIRI successfully retrieves [SPM] and related parameters such as turbidity and the vertical light attenuation coefficient in turbid waters. Even though uncertainties are considerable in clear waters, this is a remarkable result for a meteorological sensor designed to monitor clouds and ice, much brighter targets than the sea! On cloud free days, tidal variability of [SPM] can now be resolved by remote sensing for the first time, offering new opportunities for monitoring of turbidity and ecosystem modelling. In June 2010 the first geostationary ocean colour sensor was launched into space which provides hourly multispectral imagery of Korean waters. Other geostationary ocean colour sensors are likely to become operational in the (near?) future over the rest of the world's sea. This work allows us to maximally prepare for the coming of geostationary ocean colour satellites, which are expected to revolutionize optical oceanography<br>De in zeewater aanwezige zwevende materie zoals sedimenten, fytoplankton, zooplankton, bacteriën, virussen en detritus, worden collectief "suspended particulate matter" (SPM) genoemd. In kustwateren worden deze deeltjes over lange afstanden en in de waterkolom getransporteerd door biologische processen of wind- of getijdenwerking, waardoor SPM sterk varieert in ruimte en tijd. Door deze sterke dynamiek wordt de traditionele bemonstering van de concentratie van SPM, [SPM], door middel van filtratie van zeewaterstalen aan boord van schepen ontoereikend. Optische technieken die gebruik maken van de lichtverstriioongseigenschappen van SPM bieden een gebieds- of tijdsdekkend alternatief. Zogenaamde "ocean colour" satellieten bijvoorbeeld leveren beelden van o.a. [SPM] aan het zeeoppervlak op globale schaal sinds eind 1970, met een frequantie van één beeld per dag voor de Noordzee. Deze frequentie is echter onvoldoende in onze kustwateren waar [SPM] drastisch kan veranderen in enkele uren tijd. Optische instrumenten aan boord vann schepen of op onderwatervoertuigen kunnen continu meten, maar de gebiedsdekking is deperkt. Dit werk heeft tot doel de lichtverstriioongseigenschappen van SPM te karakterizeren en te onderzoeken of de Europese geostationaire weersatelliet, die elk kwartier een beeld geeft, kan worden gebruikt voor de kartering van [SPM] in de zuidelijke Noordzee. Op basis van een grote dataset van in situ metingen tonen wij aan dat [SPM] het nauwkeurigst kan worden bepaald door de meting van de verstrooiing van rood licht in achterwaartse richtingen (terugverstrooiing). Bovendien blijkt de relatie tussen [SPM] en terugverstrooiing afhankelijk van de organische-anorganische samenstelling van zwenvende stof, wat mogelijkhenden biedt tot het verfijnen van teledetectiealgoritmen voor [SPM]. Voorts tonen woj aan dat de Europese weersatelliet, SEVIRI, successvol kan worden aangewend voor de kartering van [SPM] en gerelateerde parameters zoals troebelheid en lichtdemping in de waterkolom. Hoewel met grote meetonzekerheid in klaar water toch een opmerkelijk resultaat voor een sensor die ontworpen werd voor detectie van wolken en ijs! Op wolkenvrije dagen wordt hierdoor de getijdendynamiek van [SPM] in de zuidelijke Noordzee voor het eerst detecteerbaar vanuit de ruimte, wat nieuwe mogelijkheden biedt voor de monitoring van waterkwaliteit en verbetering van ecosysteellodellen. Sinds juni 2010 is de eerste geostationaire ocean colour satelliet een feit : elk uur een multispectraal beeld van Koreaanse wateren. Vermoedelijk zullen er in de (nabije?) toekomst meer volgen over Europa en Amerika. Dit werk laat toe ons maximaal voor te bereiden op te komst van zo'n satellieten, waarvan verwacht wordt dat zij een nieuwe revolutie in optische oceanografie zullen ontketenen

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Синашенко, Оксана Володимирівна, Оксана Владимировна Синашенко, Oksana Volodymyrivna Synashenko, Зінаїда Миколаївна Макуха, Зинаида Николаевна Макуха, Zinaida Mykolaivna Makukha, Іван Юхимович Проценко, Иван Ефимович Проценко, and Ivan Yukhymovych Protsenko. "The Influence of Electrons Scattering at Grain Boundary and at Surface on Resistivity and Thermal Coefficient of Resistance of Nanocrystalline Silver Films." Thesis, Sumy State University, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34900.

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The paper describes the method of separation of the share of both surface and grain boundary electron scattering on resistance and thermal coefficient of resistance (TCR). The calculation of ρd, βd and gb, βgb values, which correspond to the surface and grain boundary electron scattering respectively, and their comparative analysis were done based on experimental data of thermal and size dependence of specific resistance (ρ) and TCR (β) for nanocrystalline silver films. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/34900

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Books on the topic "Scattering coefficient"

1

National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. An examination and assessment of available incoherent scattering S-Matrix theory, also compton profile information, and their impact on photon attenuation coefficient compilations. Gaithersburg, MD (100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg 20899-8463): U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999.

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National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.), ed. An examination and assessment of available incoherent scattering S-Matrix theory, also compton profile information, and their impact on photon attenuation coefficient compilations. Gaithersburg, MD (100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg 20899-8463): U.S. Dept. of Commerce, Technology Administration, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Improved Gaussian beam-scattering algorithm. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Improved Gaussian beam-scattering algorithm. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Improved Gaussian beam-scattering algorithm. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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Wang, Chʻing-lin. A numerical procedure for recovering true scattering coefficients from measurements with wide-beam antennas. Lawrence, Kan: Unversity of Kansas Center for Research, Inc., Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory, 1991.

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A, Polka Lesley, Liu Kefeng, and Langley Research Center, eds. Scattering from coated structures and antenna pattern control using impedance surfaces: Semiannual progress report. Hampton, VA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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A, Polka Lesley, Liu Kefeng, and Langley Research Center, eds. Scattering from coated structures and antenna pattern control using impedance surfaces: Semiannual progress report. Hampton, VA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1990.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Final report on radiative effects of aerosols. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.

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K, Moore Richard, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. Correction of WindScat scatterometric measurements by combining with AMSR radiometric data. Lawrence, Kan: Radar Systems and Remote Sensing Laboratory, University of Kansas Center for Research, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Scattering coefficient"

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Weik, Martin H. "scattering coefficient." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1522. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_16663.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Scattering Coefficient, Mie." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 647. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10324.

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Weik, Martin H. "spectral scattering coefficient." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 1632–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_17889.

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Gooch, Jan W. "Scattering Coefficient, Kubelka-Munk." In Encyclopedic Dictionary of Polymers, 647. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-6247-8_10323.

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Gupta, Kalpak, and M. R. Shenoy. "Light Scattering from Mixtures of Turbid Media: Determination of Interaction Coefficient." In Springer Proceedings in Physics, 545–48. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9259-1_125.

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Husain, Noor Asma, and Mohd Shafry Mohd Rahim. "The Dynamic Scattering Coefficient on Image Dehazing Method with Different Haze Conditions." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 223–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-99188-3_14.

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Alpay, Daniel, Israel Gohberg, and Lev Sakhnovich. "Inverse Scattering Problem for Continuous Transmission Lines with Rational Reflection Coefficient Function." In Recent Developments in Operator Theory and Its Applications, 1–16. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-9035-9_1.

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Liu, Yejia, Xiang Li, Xunbo Li, and Zhiyong Zhang. "Swarm Intelligence Enhanced Parameters Estimation for Multi-mode Separation and Scattering Coefficient Matrix Reconstruction." In Proceedings of the Eighth Asia International Symposium on Mechatronics, 1817–28. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-1309-9_174.

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Ramm, Alexander G. "Many-Body Wave Scattering Problems for Small Scatterers and Creating Materials with a Desired Refraction Coefficient." In Mathematical Analysis and Applications, 57–75. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119414421.ch3.

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Li, Bifeng, Bing Xue, Jiafang Kang, Chuntao Cai, and Yue Liu. "Establishment of Empirical Expression of Atmospheric Scattering Coefficient for Line-of-Sight Ultraviolet Propagation in Coastal Area." In Data Mining and Big Data, 449–61. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-8991-9_32.

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Conference papers on the topic "Scattering coefficient"

1

Wilson, Robert H., Colleen L. Flanagan, Joshua Yantz, and Mary-Ann Mycek. "Wavelength-resolved morphology-related fluctuations in tissue scattering coefficient can be masked by corresponding spectral variations in tissue anisotropy." In Biomedical Light Scattering XV, edited by Adam Wax and Vadim Backman, 19. SPIE, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1117/12.3041184.

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Bin Mohd Nor Azami, Mohd Adzimnuddin, Mohamad Zoinol Abidin Abd Aziz, and Abd Shukur Ja’Afar. "Scattering Parameter Methods for Calculating Envelope Correlation Coefficient in Multiple Sensors Configuration." In 2024 IEEE Asia-Pacific Conference on Applied Electromagnetics (APACE), 456–59. IEEE, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1109/apace62360.2024.10877282.

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Zaginailo, Yu I., Yu M. Gorbanev, and V. D. Motrich. "Height scattering indicatrices and the earth's atmosphere scattering coefficient." In Twenty-third European Meeting on Atmospheric Studies by Optical Methods, edited by Vasily N. Ivchenko. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.284761.

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Marchesini, R., A. Andreola, A. Bertoni, E. Melloni, and A. E. Sichirollo. "Attenuation coefficient and scattering phase function of human tissues." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1988.thd7.

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The wide development of lasers in medicine and surgery has increased the interest of studying propagation of light in mammalian tissues. Since few and contrasting data about optical parameters of human tissue have been reported, our aim was to add further information by directly measuring extinction and absorption coefficients and a single scattering diagram. Thin sections, from 0.05 to 0.2 mm thick, of various human tissues were cut with a microtome from frozen samples. The slices, after having been hydrated with saline, were placed between two optical grade glasses and sealed. The extinction coefficient was evaluated by measuring the light, delivered through an optical fiber from an argon-dye laser, transmitted on-axis and within 2 × 10−5 sr. The absorption coefficient was measured by placing a specimen into an integrating sphere. The scattering coefficient was evaluated by the difference between extinction and absorption. The scattering diagram was evaluated by positioning a specimen in a cylindric tank filled with saline. Light scattered within 25 mrad was measured at different angles. The following table shows the values of scattering s and absorption a coefficients and the average cosine of scattering g for various tissues at 635-nm wavelength.

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Wlodarczyk, Marek T. "Scattering and absorption in thin-film waveguides." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1986.thg2.

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This paper reports a novel ray optic analysis of scattering and absorption in thin-film waveguides. The ray optic approach, similar to the one used for grating couplers,1 enables us to investigate the propagation of a guided mode in a waveguide with random surface roughness, random inhomogeneity of the film permittivity, and absorbing film and cladding regions in a relatively simple way. The extinction coefficient is obtained by following a zigzagging ray in the film. Over the path between the interfaces a film absorption coefficient and a lumped volume scattering coefficient are multiplied by the distance traveled between the interfaces. At the interfaces, the power amplitude is multiplied by an exponential power reflection coefficient. This coefficient is calculated by adding perturbation contributions due to different loss mechanisms to the reflection coefficients of an unperturbed waveguide. The extinction coefficient is calculated by dividing the cumulative attenuation by the bounce distance. Scattering losses show much stronger wavelength dependence than the absorption losses. The surface scattering results in strongest attenuation. Both absorption and scattering are maximum for TM higher-order modes.

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Wang, Yangyang, Xiaoling Zhang, and Jun Shi. "Target scattering coefficient measurement system and method." In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Signal Processing, Communications and Computing (ICSPCC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icspcc50002.2020.9259466.

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Jodai, Yasuhisa, Tomohiko Oishi, Y. Saruya, and Motoaki Kishino. "Bypass method for estimating backward scattering coefficient." In Ocean Optics XIII, edited by Steven G. Ackleson and Robert J. Frouin. SPIE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.266484.

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Meyer, William V., James A. Lock, David S. Cannell, Thomas W. Taylor, Padetha Tin, Anthony E. Smart, H. Michael Cheung, and J. A. Mann. "A Single Wavelength Cross-Correlation Technique Which Suppresses Multiple Scattering." In Photon Correlation and Scattering. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/pcs.1996.fb.1.

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In the late 1960’s, various investigators began to measure the diffusion coefficient of dilute suspensions of microparticles in various liquids using the autocorrelated signal of laser light scattered by the microparticles. By 1970, quite complete accounts of the experiments had appeared in the literature.1 Early on, it was discovered that multiple scattering in more concentrated suspensions distorted the experimentally measured correlograms, thus strongly biasing the determination of the diffusion coefficient. Four different approaches were taken in order to address the multiple scattering problem. One group of investigators attempted to calculate2,3 the effects of multiple scattering when only few multiple scatterings occurred. A second group of investigators attempted to simulate4 the effects of multiple scattering in the intermediate scattering regeime. A third group of investigators attempted to calculate for5,6,7 the effects of multiple scattering in the diffusion limit. The forth group of investigators attempted to find scattering geometries in which multiple scattering is partially or totally suppressed.

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Durant, Stephane, Jean-Jacques Greffet, Olivier Calvo-Perez, and Nicolas Vukadinovic. "Extinction coefficient in absorbing media: a theoretical and numerical study." In Tenth Conference on Electromagnetic and Light Scattering. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.2007.confelectromagligscat.110.

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Chang, Shuang, Theodore Leng, Sylvia L. Groth, and Audrey K. Bowden. "Detection of early-stage glaucoma with a depth-resolved optical attenuation coefficient." In Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering XII, edited by Adam Wax and Vadim Backman. SPIE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2609866.

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Reports on the topic "Scattering coefficient"

1

Pilon, R. O., and J. M. Headrick. Estimating the Scattering Coefficient of the Ocean Surface for High- Frequency Over-the-Horizon Radar. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada165722.

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Hegg, Dean A., and David S. Covert. Measurements of the Aerosol Light-Scattering Coefficient at Ambient and 85% Relative Humidity on the ONR Pelican During ACE-2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada613675.

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Hegg, Dean A., and David S. Covert. Measurements of the Aerosol Light-scattering Coefficient at Ambient and 85% Relative Humidity on the ONR Pelican During ACE-2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627631.

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Hegg, Dean A., and David S. Covert. Measurements of the Aerosol Light-Scattering Coefficient at Ambient and 85% Relative Humidity on the ONR Pelican During ACE-2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada627899.

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Hegg, Dean A., and David S. Covert. Measurements of the Aerosol Light-Scattering Coefficient at Ambient and 85% Relative Humidity on the ONR Pelican During ACE-2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629757.

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Hegg, Dean A., and David S. Covert. Measurements of the Aerosol Light-Scattering Coefficient at Ambient and 85% Relative Humidity on the ONR Pelican During ACE-2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada629995.

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Hegg, Dean A., and David S. Covert. Measurements of the Aerosol Light-Scattering Coefficient at Ambient and 85% Relative Humidity on the ONR Pelican During ACE-2. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada572509.

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Dave, Foram, Mahmood Ali, Mozaffar Mokhtari, Richard Sherlock, Alistair Mcllhagger, and David Tormey. Effect of pigments on laser beam transmission in diode laser transmission welding of poly(propylene). Universidad de los Andes, December 2024. https://doi.org/10.51573/andes.pps39.gs.pc.4.

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Welding technologies are state of the art for joining polymer composites, with one of the two joining parts considered laser transmissive (LT) and the other laser absorptive (LA). Pigments are often added to LT to enhance the crystallinity of the polymer matrix. However, pigments lead to internal scattering of the laser beam and the rate of transmission or the laser energy density decreases. Depending upon the type and amount of pigments added in the formulation of LT, the percentage of the laser beam transmitted, absorbed, or scattered differs. Laser welding performance depends on the laser energy available for welding after considering the losses. In the present study, optical transmission of injection molded isotactic polypropylene (iPP) samples were analyzed with a varying dosage of organic pigment (neat PP, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, 6%, 8%, and 10%) using a LPKF TMG 3 transmission tester. The device uses a wavelength of 980 nm and simulates the optical radiation conditions of diode laser transmission welding (LTW). The percentage transmission varied with the sample thickness and the composition percentage of pigment. The modified Bouguer-Lambert law described the transmission energy and apparent extinction coefficient. The model was validated with the experimental value of transmittances of the samples with varying sample thicknesses of iPP. There was a decrease in the percentage of laser transmission with an increase in the pigment content of the samples. It was found that the apparent extinction coefficient is a function of the pigment levels.

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Moore, Casey. Development and Characterization of a Variable Aperture Attenuation Meter for the Determination of the Small Angle Volume Scattering Function and System Attenuation Coefficient. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada634009.

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Hubbell, J. H. An examination and assessment of available incoherent scattering s-matrix theory, also compton profile information, and their impact on photon attenuation coefficient compilations. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.6358.

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