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CAPUTO, MANUEL. "DEPDC1A, a novel SREBP1 cofactor, regulates fatty acid metabolism in breast cancer." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Trieste, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11368/2924764.
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Breast cancer (BC) figures as the most frequently diagnosed and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Despite considerable progress has been made in cancer detection and therapy assignment, several BCs become resistant to therapy and, moreover, a considerable proportion of patients develops metastasis during therapy or experiences relapse.
Growing body of evidence indicates that alterations in tumour metabolism are linked to therapeutic resistance, tumour relapse and dissemination. These altered metabolic traits are caused by genetic alterations and environmental factors.
The most frequently mutated gene in BC is the tumor suppressor TP53, a well-characterized transcription factor, which plays a central role in cellular homeostasis and prevention of tumour growth. In BC missense mutations occur very often in its DNA binding domain, providing neomorphic mutant p53 proteins that lose the wildtype onco-suppressive functions and acquire instead new oncogenic properties (Gain-of-Function). Indeed, mutant p53 proteins establish aberrant interactions with different transcription factors, thus inducing oncogenic transcriptional programs and metabolic reprogramming.
Our previous work outlined a mutant p53 driven signature that promotes aggressiveness in BC in which DEP domain containing 1A (DEPDC1A) emerged as an important mediator of migration and invasiveness (Girardini et al., 2011). DEPDC1A expression is almost undetectable in normal cells, but it is overexpressed in different cancers and its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis. DEPDC1A is a transcriptional cofactor that exists in two different splice variants V1 and V2, but its role in oncogenesis, as well as in a physiological context, remains elusive.
Here we show, through a high-throughput transcriptional analysis, that DEPDC1A is able to impinge on lipid metabolism. In particular we observed that mRNAs belonging to the fatty acids biosynthesis pathway genes ATP-Citrate Lyase (ACLY), Stearoyl-CoA Desaturase 1 (SCD1) and Elongation Of Very Long Chain Fatty Acids 6 (ELOVL6) were consistently downregulated upon DEPDC1A silencing suggesting a key role for this factor in controlling fatty acid metabolism in cancer cells. Indeed, ablation of DEDPC1A caused a significant decrease of lipid droplets content and fatty acid desaturation in MDA-MB-231 cell line.
ACLY, SCD1 and ELOVL6, as a part of fatty acids biosynthesis pathway, are specific targets of Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein (SREBP) transcription factors, master regulators of lipid metabolism. Interestingly, protein co-immunoprecipitation and Chromatin Immunoprecipitation assays demonstrated that DEPDC1A physically interacts with SREBP1 and that it is required for an efficient transcriptional activation of this particular subset of genes, thus acting as transcriptional cofactor of SREBP1.
Finally, we showed that DEPDC1A, through SCD1 upregulation, is able to promote aggressive phenotypes, such as migration, and that DEPDC1A overexpression in normal cells is sufficient to induce sensitization toward SCD1 inhibition.
This study unveils a novel oncogenic transcriptional program induced by the aberrant interaction between DEPDC1A and SREBP1 transcription factor that is able to induce fatty acid biosynthesis and desaturation in cancer cells and to establish a metabolic addiction that can be potentially exploited in cancer therapy.
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MacDonald, Marcia L. E., Eck Miranda van, Reeni B. Hildebrand, Brian W. C. Wong, Nagat Bissada, Piers Ruddle, Anatol Kontush, et al. "Despite antiatherogenic metabolic characteristics, SCD1-deficient mice have increased inflammation and atherosclerosis." American Heart Association, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/9434.
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OBJECTIVE—Absence of stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD1) in mice reduces plasma triglycerides and provides protection from obesity and insulin resistance, which would be predicted to be associated with reduced susceptibility to atherosclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of SCD1 deficiency on atherosclerosis. Methods and RESULTS—Despite an antiatherogenic metabolic profile, SCD1 deficiency increases atherosclerosis in hyperlipidemic low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR)-deficient mice challenged with a western diet. Lesion area at the aortic root is significantly increased in males and females in two models of SCD1 deficiency. Inflammatory changes are evident in the skin of these mice, including increased intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and ulcerative dermatitis. Increases in ICAM-1 and interleukin-6 are also evident in plasma of SCD1-deficient mice. HDL particles demonstrate changes associated with inflammation, including, decreased plasma apoA-II and apoA-I and paraoxonase-1 and increased plasma serum amyloid A. Lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response and cholesterol efflux are not altered in SCD1-deficient macrophages. In addition, when SCD1 deficiency is limited to bone-marrow derived cells, lesion size is not altered in LDLR-deficient mice. CONCLUSIONS—These studies reinforce the crucial role of chronic inflammation in promoting atherosclerosis, even in the presence of antiatherogenic biochemical and metabolic characteristics.
[The original version of this article, along with updated information and services is located on the World Wide Web at: http://atvb.ahajournals.org/cgi/content/full/29/3/341] [UBC users: please click on the UBC eLink icon at the bottom of this record]
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Wehbi, Mariam. "Le récepteur du froid TRPM8 orchestre le métabolisme et la sécrétion des lipides par la régulation du SCD1 : implication de la physiologie de la prostate au syndrome métabolique et à l'insuffisance cardiaque." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10325.
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Le syndrome métabolique (MetS) représente une constellation d'anomalies interconnectées, dont l'obésité, la résistance à l'insuline, la dyslipidémie athérogène et l'hypertension. Tous ces facteurs augmentent le risque de maladies cardiovasculaires et de diabète de type 2. La dysrégulation du métabolisme lipidique et la perte de flexibilité métabolique jouent un rôle central dans la pathogenèse du MetS et de l'insuffisance cardiaque à fraction d'éjection préservée (HFpEF). La stéaroyl CoA désaturase 1 (SCD1), l'enzyme goulot d'étranglement qui convertit les acides gras saturés (AGS) en formes monoinsaturées (AGMI), a été proposée pour jouer un rôle clé dans le développement du MetS. Cette enzyme a été largement étudiée dans le cadre d'études métaboliques portant sur la physiopathologie cardiovasculaire. Nos résultats in vitro ont révélé que le récepteur du froid TRPM8 régule l'expression du SCD1 dans les cellules épithéliales de la prostate. Le récepteur transitoire de la mélastatine 8 (TRPM8), le récepteur du froid et du menthol, est essentiel à la thermosensation, bien que son rôle dans les organes du corps ne soit pas encore clair. En plus de TRPM8, nous avons précédemment cloné plusieurs isoformes, comme 4TM-TRPM8, qui peut être exprimé avec ou sans TRPM8. Dans nos travaux récents, nous avons caractérisé TRPM8(85) humaine dans les membranes du réticulum endoplasmique (RE) près de l'appareil de Golgi (AG) et dans les mitochondries des cellules épithéliales de la prostate. L'inhibition de TRPM8(85) induit une accumulation de gouttelettes lipidiques, une expansion et une fragmentation de l'AG, qui sont associées à une diminution du trafic vésiculaire vers le plasmalemme. En outre, l'analyse lipidomique révèle une forte augmentation des acides gras insaturés (AGI), induite par l'inactivation de TRPM8(85) et, dans une moindre mesure, par l'inactivation de TRPM8. L'augmentation des AGI est due à l'induction du gène ∆9 de la stéaroyl désaturase (Scd1). L'inhibition de SCD1 ou l'incubation avec du palmitate empêche l'expansion de l'AG dans les cellules silencieuses TRPM8(85). Enfin, nous avons démontré que TRPM8 régule SCD1 via le récepteur des androgènes. Comme SCD1 est un acteur majeur de la lipogenèse qui, lorsqu'il est dérégulé, entraîne des perturbations métaboliques, nous sommes passés à des études in vivo axées sur le phénotype métabolique de souris présentant une délétion globale de TRPM8. Nous avons observé des changements dans le profil lipidique de la prostate, du foie et du cœur chez les souris TRPM8 KO au niveau des AGMI, des AGS et d'autres espèces lipidiques. Dans le contexte du MetS développé chez ces souris KO à la suite d'un régime riche en graisses et en saccharose (HFHSD), nos résultats ont montré que les souris TRPM8 KO soumises au HFHSD présentaient un meilleur métabolisme du glucose et une sensibilité accrue à l'insuline. Dans le groupe TRPM8 KO sous HFHSD, le foie présentait une accumulation accrue de lipides par rapport aux souris WT. L'analyse échocardiographique a confirmé un développement précoce de l'insuffisance cardiaque avec fraction d'éjection préservée (HFpEF) chez les souris WT (augmentation de E/E'), alors que les souris KO étaient protégées. L'analyse transcriptomique a principalement révélé des profils de métabolisme lipidique distincts entre les différents groupes de souris. En conclusion, nos résultats démontrent que la dysrégulation de TRPM8 entraîne des modifications du profil lipidique dans des modèles in vitro et in vivo. Cela fait de TRPM8 une nouvelle cible potentielle pour le maintien de l'homéostasie du métabolisme lipidique, en particulier dans le cadre du MetS et du développement éventuel de l'HFpEF<br>Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a constellation of interconnected abnormalities, including obesity, insulin resistance, atherogenic dyslipidemia and hypertension. All of these factors increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases and type 2 diabetes. Dysregulation of lipid metabolism and the loss of metabolic flexibility play a central role in the pathogenesis of MetS and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). Stearoyl CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), the bottleneck enzyme that converts saturated fatty acids (SFA) into monounsaturated forms (MUFA), has been proposed to play a key role in the development of MetS. This enzyme has been extensively studied in metabolic studies concerning cardiovascular pathophysiology. Our in vitro results have revealed that the cold receptor TRPM8 regulates SCD1 expression in prostate epithelial cells. Transient receptor potential melastatin 8 (TRPM8), the cold and menthol receptor, is essential to thermosensation, although its roles in organs within the body are still unclear. In addition to TRPM8, we have previously cloned several isoforms, such as 4TM-TRPM8, which can be expressed with or without TRPM8. In our recent work, we characterized human TRPM8(85) in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes near the Golgi apparatus (GA) and mitochondria in prostate epithelial cells. Silencing of TRPM8(85) induces lipid droplet accumulation, GA expansion and fragmentation, which are associated with a decrease in the vesicular trafficking to plasmalemma. Furthermore, lipidomic analysis reveals a strong shift in unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), induced by TRPM8(85) silencing and to a lesser extent silencing of TRPM8. The increase in UFAs is caused by the induction of ∆9 stearoyl desaturase (Scd1) gene. Silencing SCD1 or incubating with palmitate prevents GA expansion in TRPM8(85)-silenced cells. Finally, we demonstrated that TRPM8 regulates SCD1 via the androgen receptor. As SCD1 is a major lipogenic player that, when dysregulated, leads to metabolic disruptions, we transitioned to in vivo studies focusing on the metabolic phenotyping of mice with a global deletion of TRPM8. We observed changes in the lipid profile of the prostate, liver and heart in the TRPM8 KO mice at the level of MUFA, SFA and other lipid species. In the context of MetS developed in these KO mice as a result of High Fat High Sucrose Diet (HFHSD), our results showed that TRPM8 KO mice on HFHSD exhibited improved glucose metabolism and increased insulin sensitivity. In the TRPM8 KO group on HFHSD, the liver showed increased lipid accumulation compared to the WT mice. Echocardiography analysis confirmed an early development of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in WT mice (increased E/E'), whereas KO mice were protected. Transcriptomics analysis primarily revealed distinct lipid metabolism profiles between the different mice groups. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that TRPM8 dysregulation leads to changes in the lipid profile in both in vitro and in vivo models. This positions TRPM8 as a potential new target for maintaining lipid metabolism homeostasis especially in the course of MetS and the eventual development of HFpEF
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Mattox, Cassie. "Examination of auxin transport and root development in the scd1-1 mutant in Arabidopsis thaliana." Winston-Salem, NC : Wake Forest University, 2009. http://dspace.zsr.wfu.edu/jspui/handle/10339/42592.
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Pinnameneni, Srijan Kumar, and s3083722@student rmit edu au. "Role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 in fatty acid-induced insulin resistance." RMIT University. Medical Sciences, 2006. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20070119.162450.
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Recent investigations suggest that reducing stearoyl CoA desaturase (SCD) 1 expression confers protection against obesity and insulin resistance, whereas others show that increasing SCD1 expression protects cells from lipotoxicity. The overall aim of this thesis was to establish the role of SCD1 expression in fatty acid metabolism and insulin stimulated glucose disposal in skeletal muscle. In vitro and in vivo studies were conducted to investigate the relationship between fatty acid subtype, SCD1 expression and fuel metabolism. The role of fatty acid subtype on fatty acid metabolite accumulation and insulin resistance was initially examined in rats. Rats were provided with a low fat diet or a high fat diet consisting of predominantly saturated (SAT) or polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Rats fed a SAT diet were insulin resistant and had increased skeletal muscle diacylglycerol content whereas rats fed a PUFA diet retained insulin sensitivity and accumulated triacylglycerol rather than diacylglycerol. Interestingly, SCD1 mRNA and protein content were elevated in SAT rats compared with PUFA fed and control fed rats, indicating a possible involvement of SCD1 in the aetiology of insulin resistance. Subsequently, SCD1 expression was examined in the skeletal muscle of various rodent models of genetic and diet-induced obesity. SCD1 content was consistently upregulated in the skeletal muscle of obese rodents. To determine whether SCD1 contributes to or protects from fatty-acid induced insulin resistance, SCD1 levels were transiently altered in L6 skeletal muscle myotubes. Short interfering (si) RNA was used to decrease SCD1 content and a pcDNA3.1/HygromSCD1 vector was introduced to increase SCD1 content. Reducing SCD1 protein resulted in marked esterification of exogenous fatty acids into diacylglycerol and ceramide. Insulin-stimulated Akt (acute transforming retrovirus thymoma) phosphorylation and 2-deoxyglucose uptake were reduced with SCD1 siRNA. Exposure of L6 myotubes to palmitate abolished insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in both control and SCD1 siRNA myotubes. Transient overexpression of SCD1 resulted in triacylglycerol esterification but attenuated ceramide and diacylglycerol accumulation and protected myotubes from fatty acid-induced insulin resistance. Further, these changes were associated with reduced phosphorylation of c-Jun Amino-Terminal Kinase (JNK) and the inhibitor of IêB kinase (IKK), both of which impair insulin signalling. These studies indicated that SCD1 protects from cellular toxicity in L6 myotubes by preventing excessive accumulation of bioactive lipid metabolites. Collectively, these experiments indicate that increasing SCD1 expression may be a protective mechanism designed to prevent insulin resistance in obese phenotypes.
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Al, Darwich Abdulrahman. "Métabolisme lipidique et cryorésistance des embryons dans l’espèce bovine." Thesis, Tours, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009TOUR4031/document.
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Les embryons bovins produits in vitro sont plus sensibles à la cryoconservation que ceux produits in vivo, en partie à cause de leur contenu lipidique, triglycérides et phospholipides. L’objectif de ce travail visait à comprendre les mécanismes moléculaires responsables de cette différence. Le profil transcriptomique de gènes impliqués dans le métabolisme lipidique a été établi. Le niveau d'expression génique de l’adipophiline obtenu indique qu’il peut être un marqueur spécifique de l'accumulation des triglycérides et de la cryorésistance des embryons. Ainsi, l’accumulation des triglycérides pourrait être liée à une absence de dégradation des lipides et non à une synthèse de novo uniquement. L’ajout d’acides gras polyinsaturés, C18:2, C18:3 ou DHA dans le milieu de développement, a régulé l'expression génique de SCD1 et de FADS2, deux enzymes qui désaturent les lipides, et ce, probablement via la régulation de SREBP1, ce qui pourrait être en lien direct avec les modifications de la balance acides gras saturés / insaturés et jouer sur la fluidité membranaire et la cryorésistance<br>In vitro produced embryos are more sensitive to cryopreservation than those in vivo derived, partly because of their fat content, triglycerides and phospholipids. The objective of this work was to understand the molecular mechanisms responsible for this difference. mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism has been established. Results of adipophilin mRNA level indicates that it maybe a specific marker for triglycerides accumulation and embryo cryorésistance. Thus, triglyceride accumulation could be related to a lack of lipids degradation rather than new lipids synthesis only. Polyunsaturated fatty acids supplementation, C18: 2 C18: 3 or DHA in culture media regulated mRNA expression of SCD1 and FADS2, two enzymes involved in lipids desaturation, probably through SREBP1 regulation, which could be directly linked to changes in the balance of saturated / unsaturated fatty acids and could contribute to change membrane fluidity and embryo cryoresistance
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Hussain, Ghulam. "Rôle de la stéaroyl-CoA désaturase-1 dans le maintien de l'activité musculaire : étude d'un modèle lésionel pour la compréhension des altérations métaboliques caractéristiques de la sclérose latérale amyotrophique." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00921430.
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Les patients SLA et les souris modèles présentent un dysfonctionnement métabolique qui coïncide avec le changement de concentration de différentes espèces lipidiques. Notre hypothèse est qu'un tel dysfonctionnement métabolique au niveau musculaire conduirait aux premiers changements observés dans la SLA. Nous avons montré que l'expression de la stéaroyl-coenzyme A désaturase 1 (SCD1), une enzyme clé de la synthèse des acides gras mono-insaturés à partir des acides gras saturés, est diminuée dans le muscle avant les premiers symptômes moteurs observés chez les souris modèles de SLA. Dans ce modèle murin, les altérations en acides gras au niveau circulant et hépatique, traduisant les changements de SCD1,apparaissent lors des premiers symptômes de la pathologie. De plus, l'inhibition pharmacologique de l'activité de SCD1 mime le phénotype métabolique des souris modèles de SLA. Notre étude a ainsi montré que la diminution de la SCD1 joue un rôle important pour l'activité neuromusculaire. Elle module les besoins énergétiques, maintien l'activité musculaire par augmentation du métabolisme oxydatif et agit sur l'expression de gènes impliqués dans le développement et le fonctionnement de la jonction neuromusculaire. De plus, l'ablation du gène SCD1 stimule la récupération fonctionnelle musculaire après lésion du nerf. L'inhibition pharmacologique de SCD1 apporte également une protection au muscle. Nous avons pu conclure de cette étude qu'une modification de l'expression de SCD1 ainsi que du profil d'acides gras peut apporter une protection au muscle pour lutter contre la pathologie. En outre, des inhibiteurs de l'activité enzymatique de la SCD1 pourraient être développés comme traitement thérapeutique dans la SLA.
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Kgwatalala, Patrick M. 1973. "Genetic polymorphisms in the stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) gene and their influence on the conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) content of milk fat of Canadian Holstein and Jersey cows." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115690.
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Stearoyl-CoA desaturase1 (SCD1) catalyzes the synthesis of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) and mono-unsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) in the mammary gland of ruminant animals. We hypothesized that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the coding region, 5' and 3' untranslted regions (UTRs) of the SCD1 gene would influence the activity of SCD1 enzyme and consequently account for some within-breed variations in milk CLA and MUFA. Sequence analysis of the coding region of the SCD1 gene of Jerseys and Holsteins revealed c.702A→G, c.762T→C and c.878C→T SNPs in exon 5 in both breeds and c.435G→A in exon 3 in Holsteins. The SNPs resulted in: A (G435A702T 762C878), A1 (A435A702T 762C878), B (G435G702C 762T878) and B1 (A435G702C 762T878) coding variants in Holsteins and only variants A and B in Jerseys. Only SNP 878C→T resulted in a non-synonymous codon change resulting in p.293Ala and p.293Val protein variants or alleles at the SCD1 locus. Subsequent association studies found significantly higher C10 index, C12 index and C14 index and consequently higher concentrations of C10:1 and C12:1 in p.293AA cows compared to the p.293VV cows in both breeds. The SCD1 genotype had no influence on concentrations of C141, C16:1, C18:1 and CLA in both breeds.<br>Sequence analysis of the 5' and 3' UTRs revealed no SNPs in the 5'UTR and a total of 14 SNPs in the 3'UTR of both breeds. The SNPs were in complete linkage disequilibrium resulting in 3 haplotypes or regulatory variants: H1 (G1571G1644C1763C2053A2584 A3007C3107G3208 T3290G 3497G3682A4399C4533G4881), H2 (G1571G1644A1763C2053A 2584G3007 C3107G3208T3290G3497G 3682A4399C4533G4881) and H3 (T 1571C1644A1763 T2053G2584G3007T 3107A3208C3290A3497A3682T 4399T4533A4881) in Holsteins and only H1 and H3 variants in Jerseys. A subsequent association study involving 862 Holstein cows, found the H1 regulatory variant to be associated with higher C10 and C12 desaturase indices and consequently with higher concentrations of C10:1 and C12:1 compared with the H3 variant. The effects of the H2 variant were intermediate to those of H1 and H3. 3'UTR genotype had no influence on the concentrations of C14:1, C16:1, C18:1 and CLA. The concentrations of C10:1 and C12:1 in milk fat could therefore be due to effects of SNPs in the open reading frame and the 3'UTR regions of the SCD1 gene. These results indicate that SNPs in the coding and 3'UTR regions of the SCD1 gene could be used as markers for genetic selection for increased C10:1 and C12:1 contents of milk.
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Schmitt, Florent. "Rôle de la stéaroyl-coenzyme A désaturase 1, une enzyme de synthèse des acides gras mono-insaturés, dans un modèle transgénique d’étude de la Sclérose Latérale Amyotrophique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ085/document.
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La sclérose latérale amyotrophique est une maladie neurodégénérative associée à un dysfonctionnement métabolique. Des altérations du métabolisme des lipides, décrites chez les patients SLA et les animaux modèles, pourraient participer à la mise en place des premières étapes de la maladie. L’objectif de cette thèse était d’étudier le rôle de la stéaroyl-coenzyme A désaturase 1 (SCD1), une enzyme clé du métabolisme des lipides, dans la SLA. En étudiant le profil d’acides gras périphériques dans un modèle de souris SLA, les souris SOD1m, nous avons vu une diminution de l’activité de la SCD1 dès les stades précoces (subcliniques) de la maladie. Cette diminution pourrait expliquer, à elle seule, les altérations du métabolisme des lipides caractéristiques de la SLA. La répercussion de la perte de l’activité de la SCD1 sur l’axe moteur a été étudiée. Une délétion du gène ou une inhibition pharmacologique de la SCD1 améliore la récupération fonctionnelle après lésion du nerf sciatique chez la souris sauvage. Nous avons cherché à voir si la perte d’activité de la SCD1 trouvée chez les souris SOD1m est un mécanisme de protection mis en place pour lutter contre l’évolution de la SLA. Nous avons traité des souris SOD1m avec un inhibiteur de l’activité de la SCD1. Le traitement a conduit à une augmentation du métabolisme oxydatif, une préservation de l’intégrité neuromusculaire ainsi qu’une amélioration de la survie des motoneurones. Nousconcluons que l’inhibition de la SCD1 représente une cible thérapeutique prometteuse dans la SLA<br>Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease, associated with metabolic dysfunction. Alteration of lipid metabolism has been documented in ALS patients and animal models, and could participate to the first pathological steps of the disease. The objective of this thesis was to study the role of stearoyl-CoA desaturase 1 (SCD1), a key enzyme of lipid metabolism, in ALS. By studying the profile of peripheral fatty acids in an animal model of ALS, the SOD1 mice, we found that SCD1 activity was strongly reduced at early (sub-clinical) disease stage, and that this reduction could explain in itself the alteration of lipid metabolism characteristic of ALS. The impact of loss of SCD1 activity for the motor axis was then studied. Genetic deletion or pharmacological inhibition of SCD1 enhanced functional recovery after sciatic nerve injury in mice. Wefurther explored if the loss of SCD1 activity found in SOD1 mice is a protective mechanism elicited in response to ALS. We treated SOD1 mice with an inhibitor of SCD1 activity. The treatment resulted in exacerbated muscular oxidative metabolism,preservation of neuromuscular integrity and enhanced motor neuron survival. We conclude that inhibition of SCD1 represents a promising therapeutic target for ALS
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Warensjö, Eva. "Fatty Acid Desaturase Activities in Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease : Special Reference to Stearoyl-CoA-Desaturase and Biomarkers of Dietary Fat." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala University, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-8312.
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<p>The development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases have been suggested to be influenced more by the quality than the amount of dietary fat. The FA composition of serum lipids may be used as biomarkers of dietary fat quality. FAs can, however, also be endogenously synthesized by lipogenic enzymes such as elongases and desaturases. Three desaturases are important in humans: Stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD), ∆6-desaturase (D6D) and ∆5-desaturase (D5D) and surrogate measures of desaturase activities can be estimated as product-to-precursor FA ratios.</p><p>In this thesis, we demonstrated that high SCD, D6D and low D5D estimated activities predicted MetS 20 years later, as well as cardiovascular and total mortality during a maximum of 33.7 years. The relation between D5D and MetS was independent of lifestyle and BMI, while the relation between SCD, D6D and MetS was confounded by BMI. Serum proportions of palmitic (16:0), palmitoleic (16:1) and dihomo-γ-linoleic acids were higher and the serum proportion of linoleic acid (LA) lower at baseline in those individuals who developed MetS. Further, LA was inversely related to mortality, while palmitic, palmitoleic and dihomo-γ-linoleic acids were directly associated with mortality. We also demonstrated that a diet rich in saturated fat “induced” a similar serum FA pattern (including estimated desaturase activities) that was associated with MetS, cardiovascular disease and mortality. We also propose that the SCD ratio [16:1/16:0] might be a novel and useful marker of dietary saturated fat, at least in Western high-fat diets. Finally, genetic variations in the human SCD1 gene were linked to obesity and insulin sensitivity, results that agree with data in SCD1 deficient mice.</p><p>This thesis suggests that dietary fat quality and endogenous desaturation may play a role in the development of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases and the results support current dietary guidelines.</p>
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Cassafières, Cécile Dalhoumi Salah Fèvre Véronique Jove Camille Lefebvre Pascale Loiselet Martine Elaïdi Claudine. "Formation et évaluation en SCD." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/M-2005-RECH-02-vol1.pdf.
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Medeiros, Ana Carla. "Caracterização parcial do complexo SCF1 contendo a proteína FBXO25 fosforilada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17131/tde-09092015-110529/.
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A FBXO25 é parte de uma E3 ligase do tipo RING, (Really Interesting New Gene), oligomérica do tipo SCF, responsável pelo reconhecimento específico do substrato a ser degradado via Sistema Ubiquitina-Proteassoma (SUP). O SUP é o principal mecanismo proteolítico intracelular, responsável pela degradação de 80-90% das proteínas citosólicas e nucleares. A FBXO25 é capaz de formar um complexo SCF1 ativo (formado pela interação das proteínas Skp1, Cul1, Roc1 e uma proteína do tipo F-box), capaz de ubiquitinar seus substratos. Essa proteína se acumula no núcleo celular formando uma nova estrutura subnuclear denominada FANDs (FBXO25 Associated Nuclear Domains) que estão envolvidos na ubiquitinação nuclear. Nesse trabalho, purificamos complexos SCF1 (WT ou sem o domínio de interação com Skp1 (F)), tratados ou não com PMA, pela técnica de imunoprecipitação. Identificamos por espectrometria de massas um sítio de fosforilação essencial para FBXO25, quando células transfectadas são tratadas com o mitógeno PMA. Buscamos também por substratos diferencialmente ubiquitinados por esses complexos, por meio de ensaios em ProtoArrays®, identificando substratos envolvidos na via de sinalização ERK1/2.<br>The FBXO25 is an E3 ligase RING type (Really Interesting New Gene), SCF oligomeric type, responsible for the specific recognition of the substrate to be degraded via the ubiquitin-proteasome system (SUP). SUP is the main intracellular proteolytic mechanism responsible for 80-90% degradation of cytosolic and nuclear proteins. The FBXO25 is capable of forming a complex SCF1 (formed by the interaction of proteins Skp1, Cul1, Roc1 protein and a type F-box), resulting in an active SCF complex which is able to ubiquitinate their substrates. This protein accumulates in the nucleus forming a subnuclear structure called FANDs (FBXO25 Associated Nuclear Domains) that are involved in nuclear ubiquitination. In this work, we purify complex SCF1 (WT or F- box, which is not able to interact with Skp1), treated or not with PMA, by immunoprecipitation technique. We identified by mass spectrometry, an essential phosphorylation site for FBXO25, when it is phosphorylated under the action of the mitogenic reagent PMA. We also search for differentially ubiquitinated substrates for these complexes, by testing in ProtoArrays® identifying substrates involved in the signaling pathway ERK1 / 2.
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Dempsey, Kate E. "Characterisation of a human stearoyl CoA desaturase gene (SCD2)." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369995.
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Bleiziffer, Oliver. "Die Effekte des Komplementinhibitors sCR1 auf die Mikrozirkulation des Pankreas." Diss., lmu, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-29914.
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Caswell, Clayton Christopher. "The SCL1 protein of Streptococcus pyogenes a structure-function analysis /." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2008. https://eidr.wvu.edu/etd/documentdata.eTD?documentid=6026.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--West Virginia University, 2008.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains xi, 190 p. : ill. (some col.). Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references.
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Cruz, Castillo Manuel Eduardo. "Informe sobre Expediente N° 0622-2010/SC1." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19767.
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Considero que el presente expediente tiene especial relevancia debido a que recientemente se
ha aprobado la Ley N° 31112, el cual establece el control previo de operaciones de concentración
empresarial; y mediante la cual se derogó la Ley 26876 – Ley Antimonopolio y Antioligopolio del
Sector Eléctrico. De esta manera, mi elección del presente expediente se encuentra justificada
en el hecho de que, una vez que entre en vigencia la Ley antes mencionada, se necesitará de
profesionales que cuenten con conocimiento tanto del lado corporativo de una fusión y
adquisición, así como del lado regulatorio, referido al control de concentraciones. En atención a
lo antes mencionado, el objetivo principal de la investigación materia del presente es, en primer
lugar, profundizar en la definición de operación de concentración en el Perú, así como del
concepto de control. Del mismo modo, en segundo lugar, es determinar la necesidad del respeto
de los principios del derecho administrativo sancionador para un eficaz procedimiento
sancionador. Se utilizaron como principales métodos de interpretación jurídicos para poder
arribar a las conclusiones pertinentes, los métodos de interpretación literal, teleológico y
sistemático a través de la comparación con otras normas, ya sean nacionales o de derecho
comparado. Ello en relación a que la interacción entre los distintos métodos de interpretación
permite un análisis que le otorgará mayor riqueza a las conclusiones, teniendo en especial
consideración que nacionalmente no poseemos mucho desarrollo tanto normativo como
doctrinario respecto de un régimen de control de concentraciones. La conclusión principal del
presente informe es que INDECOPI tuvo un criterio correcto al momento de determinar que se
debía imponer la sanción, ya que el acto realizado lo ameritaba, sin embargo, finalmente, la
misma no fue correctamente cuantificada tomando en consideración el administrado imputado.
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Lundö, Emma, and Sara Norrman. "Ett förslag på hur föräldraskattningsinstrumentet SCDI-III kan valideras : en pilotstudie." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för biomedicinska och kliniska vetenskaper, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-176308.
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I denna studie ett förslag till validering av föräldraskattningsformuläret SCDI-III baserad på en genomförd pilotstudie. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur väl föräldrars och förskolepedagogers skattning av deltagande barns språkförmåga med skattningsinstrumentet SCDI-III överensstämmer med resultaten av ett test som studieförfattarna utformade. Testmaterialet speglar direkt de frågor som ställs till vårdnadshavarna och förskolepedagoger i SCDI-III. Tio barn i åldersgruppen 2;5–3;10 år med svenska som starkaste språk, tio vårdnadshavare och tio förskolepedagoger deltog i studien. Studieförfattarna utformade ett eget testmaterial som i så hög grad som möjligt speglar frågeställningarna i föräldraskattsformuläret SCDI-III. Bildbenämning användes för ordförrådsdelen och BUSS-sagan användes för bedömning av meningskomplexitet och meningsbyggnad. Testningen av sju av barnen utfördes i det digitala mötesrummet Zoom och tre barn testades delvis på förskolan. Vårdnadshavarna och förskolepedagogerna fyllde i föräldraskattningsformuläret SCDI-III, varefter resultaten jämfördes. Resultatet visade generellt på en hög överensstämmelse mellan samtliga bedömargrupper. Det förelåg endast små skillnader mellan grupperna och dessa var förutom två ord (“förstå” och “dum”) inte statistiskt signifikanta. Slutsatsen var att deltagande vårdnadshavare och förskolepedagoger kunde skatta barnens språkliga förmåga i hög utsträckning. Studiens resultat pekar därmed på att föräldraskattningen SCDI-III kan vara värdefull som kompletterande information gällande barnets språkliga förmåga. Förslag på hur en större valideringsstudie kan genomföras diskuteras.<br>In the present study, a suggestion is provided of how the parent report instrument, The Swedish Communicative Development Inventories (SCDI-III) can be validated. The suggestion is based on a conducted pilot study. The purpose of the study is to investigate how well parents and preschool teachers assessment of participating children’s language ability with the assessment instrument SCDI-III corresponds with the results of a test designed by the study authors. The test material directly reflects the questions asked to the guardians and preschool teachers in SCDI-III. Ten children in the age group 2;5-3;10 years old with Swedish as their strongest language, ten guardians and ten preschool teachers participated in the study. The study authors designed a test material which as closely as possible mirrored the content in the questions asked in the parent report SCDI-III. Picture-naming was used for the vocabulary part and the BUS-story test was used for the assessment of sentence complexity and sentence construction. The screening of seven of the children was performed in the digital meeting room Zoom, and three children were partially tested at the preschool. The guardians and preschool teachers filled in the parent report SCDI-III, and the results were compared. The results generally showed a high degree of agreement between all the assessment groups. There were only small differences between the groups and these, apart from two words ("understand" and "stupid") were not statistically significant. The conclusion was that participating guardians and preschool teachers could estimate the children’s language ability to a great extent. The results of the study indicate that the parent report SCDI-III, can be valuable as supplementary information regarding the children’s language ability. Suggestions on how a larger validation study may be carried out are discussed.
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Gaillard, Béatrice Duchemin Pierre-Yves. "Organiser la gestion des ressources électroniques dans un SCD de Sciences Humaines et Sociales le cas du SCD de Lyon 2 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2005. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/gaillard.pdf.
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Tang, Matthew Y. "Gene reprogramming by K48R mutant ubiquitin in a mouse model of SCA1." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/27054.
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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an incurable neurodegenerative disease resulting from the loss of Purkinje neurons within the cerebellum. The causative agent of the disease is the expansion of a trinucleotide repeat in its gene product ataxin-1. The ubiquitin proteasome pathway (UPP) has been implicated in SCA1 but the role of proteolysis in the disease is still poorly understood. To further investigate this issue in vivo , genetic crosses were performed between a well established mouse model of SCA1 and novel strains expressing elevated levels of wild type or mutant isoforms of ubiquitin. The K48R mutant isoform of ubiquitin (a dominant negative inhibitor of proteolysis) was found to significantly delay the deterioration of Purkinje neurons as evidenced by behavioral, morphological, and molecular indicators. This delay was accompanied by the restoration of genes involved in calcium and glutamate signalling and by the stabilization of postsynaptic density proteins whose abundance/activity would otherwise decline in the course of the SCA1 disease. These results are consistent with transcriptional dysregulation as a key mechanism in neurodegeneration and suggest that the UPP is a useful target for the development of novel therapies.
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Odeskog, Sanna, and Noomi Stenberg. "Validering av föräldraskattningsformuläret SCDI-III för svenska barn i tre års ålder." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118710.
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Föräldraskattningsformuläret The Swedish Communicative Development Inventory (SCDI-III) är en modifierad form av MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventorys tredje form (CDI-III), och har tagits fram som ett forskningsinstrument för undersökning av språkförmågan hos barn i åldersgruppen 2;6-4;0 år. Det är av stor betydelse att barn i riskzonen för att utveckla en språkstörning upptäcks i tid för att språket ska kunna stimuleras under gynnsamma utvecklingsfaser. Kliniskt verksamma personer har givit uttryck för ett behov av ett material som kan ge en överblick av ett barns språkförmåga inför vidare språkutredning. Behovet av ett sådant material bidrog till att validiteten hos SCDI-III behövde undersökas, vilket utgjorde grunden för föreliggande studie. Syftet var att validera det redan normerade föräldraskattningsformuläret SCDI-III med etablerade språktest för att undersöka om det kan användas för att identifiera barn som ligger i riskzonen för språkstörning. Fyrtioen barn (21 flickor och 20 pojkar) i åldersgruppen 3;0-3;11 med svenska som modersmål, och 41 vårdnadshavare deltog i studien. Barnens grammatiska förmågor undersöktes med valideringsinstrumenten SIT (Språkligt Impressivt Test) och Gramba (Grammatiktest för barn) och deras lexikala förmågor undersöktes med BNT (Boston Naming Test) och PPVT-III (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test). Testningen utfördes på deras respektive förskolor och vårdnadshavarna fyllde i SCDI-III, varefter resultaten jämfördes. Medelstarka signifikanta korrelationer konstaterades mellan skattningarna på SCDI:s ordproduktionsdel och barnens resultat på BNT respektive PPVT-III, samt mellan föräldrarnas skattningar på formulärets meningsbyggnadsdel och testresultaten på Gramba. Inga signifikanta eller starka korrelationer för meningskomplexitetsdelen i SCDI-III hittades mot något av de fyra testen. Utöver dessa resultat framkom att flickor presterade signifikant bättre än pojkar på Gramba och de äldsta barnen fick signifikant högre resultat än de yngsta på BNT. Resultaten i föreliggande studie tyder på att olika metoder och perspektiv behövs för bedömning av barns språkförmågor. SCDI-III skulle därför kunna vara ett kompletterade verktyg i form av ett samtalsunderlag mellan kliniskt verksamma logopeder och vårdnadshavare, men kan inte användas som enskilt bedömningsinstrument.<br>The Swedish Communicative Development Inventory (SCDI-III), a parent report instrument, is a modified form of the third version of the MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory, and has been developed as a research tool for the investigation of the language ability of children aged 2;6 - 4;0 years. It is of great importance that children who are most at risk of developing a language impairment are identified in time in order to increase the possibility to stimulate their language in favourable developmental phases. Clinicians have expressed a need for a material that can provide an overview of a child’s language ability, prior to carrying out further language assessment. The need of such material has contributed to the need for an investigation of the validity of SCDI-III, which has formed the basis for the present study. The purpose was to validate the already standardized parent estimation form SCDI-III with established language assessments to investigate whether it can be used to identify children who are at risk for language impairment. Forty-one children (21 girls and 20 boys) aged 3;0 - 3;11 years, with Swedish as their mother tongue, and 41 guardians participated in the study. The grammatical abilities of the children were examined using the validation tools SIT (Språkligt Impressivt Test) and Gramba (Grammatiktest för barn) and the lexical abilities were examined using BNT (Boston Naming Test) and PPVT-III (Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test). The testing was performed at their respective daycare center, and the guardians filled in SCDI-III, after which the results were compared. Moderate significant correlations were found between estimations in SCDI’s word production section and the children’s production on the BNT and the result of the PPVT-III, and between parents’ evaluations in the sentence construction section of the questionnaire and the test results on Gramba. No significant or strong correlations in the sentence complexity section of the SCDI-III were found on any of the four SLP assessments. In addition to these results, girls performed significantly better than boys on Gramba and the oldest children had significantly better results than the youngest on the BNT. The results of the present study suggest a need for different methods and perspectives for the assessment of children’s language abilities. SCDI-III could therefore be a complementary tool in providing a basis for discussion between practicing speech-language pathologists and guardians, but cannot be used as an assessment tool by itself.
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Chung, Ki Yong. "Metabolic and genetic regulation in adipose tissue of Angus and Wagyu steers raised to U.S. and Japanese endpoints." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3909.
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We hypothesized that carcass and fatty acid composition of Angus and Japanese Black (Wagyu) steers would not differ if the steers were fed to a typical U.S. final weight, but that Wagyu steers fed to a typical Japanese endpoint body weight would have greater quality grades and softer fat than Angus steers. Sixteen Angus and 16 Wagyu 8-month-old, weaned steers were assigned to a corn-based diet for 8 or 16 months (n = 4 per breed type and time) or hay-based diet for 12 or 20 months (n = 4 per breed type and time) in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial arrangement. USDA yield grade was greater at the Japanese endpoint than at the U.S. endpoint in Angus steers (breed x endpoint, P = 0.03). Intramuscular (i.m.) lipid continued to increase to over 20% in the Wagyu steers (P = 0.05), but attained a plateau (14.7%) by 16 months on feed in the Angus steers. These results confirm that Wagyu cattle must be raised to greater physiological maturity before they differ from Angus cattle in M. longissimus thoracis i.m. lipid concentration. Subcutaneous adipose tissue concentrations of oleic (18:1n-9) was greater in Wagyu steers than in Angus steers (P = 0.05). All monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) increased between the U.S. and Japanese endpoint, whereas slip points of lipids in s.c. adipose tissue were 10°C lower in Japanese endpoint steers than in U.S. endpoint steers (P = 0.01). Angus adipose tissue exhibited peak SCD enzyme activity at 16 months (corn-based diet) but activity in Wagyu adipose tissue was greatest at 20 months (hay-based diet) (breed x diet x endpoint, P = 0.08). However, SCD gene expression in Angus adipose tissue was maximal at 12 months (hay diet), whereas Wagyu adipose tissue had peak expression at 16 months (corn diet) (P < 0.03). Trans-10, cis-12 CLA has been reported as a potent inhibitor of adipocyte differentiation. CLA (40 µM) strongly decreased SCD and PPARγ expression in bovine adipocytes, even in the presence of 5 mM arginine. It can be concluded that arginine up-regulates bovine preadipocyte differentiation, and CLA antagonizes this effect.
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De, la Flor Giuffra Arantxa. "Informe Jurídico sobre la Resolución 0761-2011-SC1-INDECOPI." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/19958.
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En el presente informe se realiza un análisis jurídico de los argumentos y la decisión adoptada por el Tribunal de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Propiedad Intelectual en la Resolución 0761-2011/SC1-INDECOPI, correspondiente a la denuncia interpuesta por el Estudio para la Defensa de los Derechos de la Mujer - DEMUS en contra de la Compañía Cervecera Ambev Perú S.A.C y Grupo Q Comunicaciones S.A., a raíz de la difusión del anuncio publicitario “Con B de Brahma”. Este trabajo estudia el alcance y
aplicación del principio de legalidad y el principio de adecuación social, contenidos en la Ley de Represión de la Competencia Desleal, a la luz de jurisprudencia y doctrina relevante, que permiten concluir que la Sala de Defensa de la Competencia fue acertada al desestimar la denuncia por vulneración del principio de legalidad, pero se equivocó al no identificar que se había infringido el principio de adecuación social. Asimismo, se examinan conceptos como el derecho de igualdad y no discriminación, la dignidad de las mujeres, la publicidad sexista y estereotipos de género, que son claves para entender el impacto del anuncio publicitario cuestionado. Finalmente, se plantean algunas
recomendaciones dirigidas al Instituto Nacional de Defensa de la Competencia y de la Protección de la Propiedad Intelectual – INDECOPI y a los consumidores, de cara a la erradicación de la publicidad que refuerza estereotipos de género negativos en el Perú
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Bruley, Caroline. "La section Sciences du SCD de Nice - Sophia Antipolis." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/rsbruley.pdf.
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Rohr, Ute. "sCD14, TNFa a,Interleukin-6, sICAM-1 und sE-Selektin im septischen Geschehen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Medizinische Fakultät - Universitätsklinikum Charité, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/14416.
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In einer prospektiven Studie wurden bei 28 kritisch kranken Patienten einer interdisziplinären Intensivstation die Plasmaspiegel von TNF[alpha], sCD14, Interleukin-6 (IL-6), sICAM-1 und sE-Selektin gemessen. Ziel der Studie war es, die genannten Parameter in ihrer Wertigkeit als Frühparameter der Sepsis zu untersuchen. Die Plasmaspiegel der Parameter TNF[alpha], IL-6, sCD14, sICAM-1 und sE-Selektin wurden mittels ELISA-Testkits bestimmt. Insgesamt wurde in einem Zeitraum von 11 Beobachtungstagen täglich 10 ml Blut entnommen, zentrifugiert und bis zur Verarbeitung tiefgefroren. Gruppe 1:Patienten mit einer mikrobiellen Infektion, die im Beobachtungszeitraum keine Sepsis entwickelten. Alle Patienten dieser Gruppe überlebten,Gruppe 2:Patienten mit einer mikrobiellen Infektion, die im Beobachtungszeitraum eine Sepsis mit Organdysfunktion entwickelt haben und überlebten,<br>In a prospective study, we determined the plasma levels of TNF[alpha], sCD14, Interleukin-6 (IL 6), sICAM-1 and sE-Selectin of 28 critically ill patients on our interdisciplinary intensive care unit. The aim of our study was to find out if these parameters are valuable for the early diagnosis of septicaemia. Plasma levels of TNF[alpha], IL-6, sCD14, sICAM-1 and sE-Selectin were measured with ELISA-test-kits. In a period of 11 days, we took 10 ml of blood daily which was refrigerated until examination. GROUP 1:patients with bacterial infections who did not develop septicaemia. All of these patients survived.GROUP 2:patients with bacterial infections who presented with symptoms of disturbed organic function within the examination period and survived.GROUP 3: patients with bacterial infections who developped symptoms of severe septicaemia and died because of multiple organic failure. Results: In patients with septicaemia, TNF[alpha]-levels were significantly higher than in patients without septicaemia. TNF[alpha]-levels can not be used as prognostic parameters in septicaemia because of the short half-life-time.sCD14-levels were significantly higher in patients with septicaemia in the first two days of observation. sCD14-levels can not be used as a prognostic criteria in septicaemia.In patients with septicaemia, we found significant higher Interleucin-6-levels compareed to patients without septicaemia. IL6 prooved to be a good marker for septicaemia. In combination with plasma levels of Se_Selectin, it is criteria for severity of the septicaemia and propable outcome of patients.Pathologically high plasma levels of sICAM-1 were measured in patients with septicaemia. S-ICAM-1 is an early indicator for activation of withe blood cells and danger of septicaemia. The exact blood level of s-ICAM-1 did not correlate with the outcome of patients.sE-Selectin-levels were significantly higher in patients with septicaemia than in patients without septicaemia. The persistence of high sE-Selectin levels indicates possible septicaemia early and is correlated with the outcome of patients.
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Chung, Ki Yong. "Metabolic regulation of cattle adiposity in different breed types using two disparate diets." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1092.
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Fifteen steers were used to evaluate the difference of diets (corn-based for 8 mo or hay-based for 12 mo) and breeds (Angus; n = 7 or Wagyu; n = 8) in a completely randomized design with 2 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to test the hypothesis that there are differences in fatty acid metabolism and cellularity in subcutaneous (s.c.) and intramuscular (i.m.) adipose tissue between these breeds types. Fat thickness, carcass weight, overall maturity, and yield grade of Angus steers were higher than those of Wagyu steers fed either corn (34%, 22%, 3%, and 8% higher, respectively) or hay diets (20%, 8%, 10%, and 8% higher, respectively) (P < 0.03). Moreover, marbling scores tended (P = 0.70) to be greater in Angus steers than in Wagyu steers fed either diet. Lipogenesis from acetate in both s.c and i.m. adipose tissue was higher in Wagyu steers (212.82 and 86.23 nmol/(105 cells per 2 h)) than in the Angus steers (86.23 and 29.66 nmol/(105 cells per 2 h)). Also, acetate incorporation into fatty acids was greater in s.c. adipose tissue than in i.m. adipose tissue (P < 0.05). Subcutaneous adipose tissue stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity was significantly greater in corn-fed steers and than in hay-fed steers (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in SCD activity between Angus and Wagyu steers (P > 0.05). Adipocyte cellularity data demonstrated that both breeds have more cells per gram adipose tissue and smaller cell volumes in i.m. adipose tissue than in s.c. adipose tissue. In s.c. adipose tissue, saturated fatty acids tended to be lower in corn-fed Angus and Wagyu steers than in hay-fed steers (P < 0.06). Similarly, monounsaturated fatty acids were higher in corn-fed Wagyu and Angus steers than in hay-fed Wagyu and Angus steers (P < 0.01). Slip point was positively correlated with percentage stearic acid in corn-fed and hay-fed steers, and there was a negative correlation between slip point and the SCD index. These data demonstrated that corn-based diets provide not only increased contents of monounsaturated fatty acid in Angus and Wagyu adipose tissue but also increased lipogenic activity.
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Krljes, S. "English validation study of the Schizophrenia Communication Disorder Scale (SCD)." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2010. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/850098/.
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Language defects are one of the nuclear features of schizophrenia, and difficulties in semantic memory processing have been considered to be at the core of these deficits. However, the underlying mechanisms of deficits in semantic memory processing and their relationship to the overt symptoms of schizophrenia are still not entirely understood. Furthermore, tools for assessing language deficits in schizophrenia are sparse and the existing ones are based on observations rather than a pathophysiological understanding of these deficits. The first part of this thesis is a literature review aiming to explore the underlying mechanisms of language deficits in schizophrenia. The review focuses on the findings produced by the studies employing event related potential techniques that aim to provide objective measures of pathophysiological mechanisms of language deficits and relate them to overt, behavioural symptoms in schizophrenia. Given the wealth of data produced by these studies, the review focuses on the recent advances in this area of research and discusses the possible directions for the future research. Part two is an empirical paper presenting a validation of the English version of the Schizophrenia Communication Disorder Scale (SCD). SCD is a clinical scale designed to quantify communication deficits in schizophrenia by assessing the underlying deficits of language disorder in schizophrenia, as demonstrated by electrophysiological findings presented in the review paper. Specifically, the SCD measures contextual information processing and theory of mind abilities. The original version was published in French, and we aimed to translate the scale in to English and provide the preliminary findings on the reliability and validity of the English version. Additionally, SCD data for a healthy control sample has been presented for the first time. Part three includes my personal reflections going through the experience of research. It also includes a critical appraisal of the research project.
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Even, Virginie Roux-Fouillet Jean-Paul. "La valorisation des périodiques électroniques au SCD de Bretagne occidentale." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/ppp/pppeven.pdf.
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Goodman, Anya L. 1973. "The S. cerevisiae calponin homologue SCP1 regulates stability and organization of the actin cytoskeleton." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29594.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Biology, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 149-164).<br>Calponins and transgelins are members of a conserved family of actin-associated proteins widely expressed from yeast to humans. While a role for calponin in muscle cells has been described, the biochemical activities and in vivo functions of non-muscle calponins and transgelins are largely unknown. I have used genetic and biochemical analyses to characterize the budding yeast member of this family, Scpl, which most closely resembles transgelin and contains one calponin homology (CH) domain. I showed that Scpl is a novel component of yeast cortical actin patches and shares in vivo functions and biochemical activities with Sac6/fimbrin, the one other actin patch component that contains CH domains. Similar to Sac6, purified Scpl binds directly to actin, cross-links actin filaments, and stabilizes filaments against disassembly. Furthermore, Scpl competes with Sac6 for binding to actin filaments and may share an overlapping binding site on actin. Overexpression of SCP1 suppresses sac6defects and deletion of SCP1 enhances sac6 defects. Together, these data show that Scpl and Sac6/fimbrin function together to stabilize and organize the yeast actin cytoskeleton. I used the genetic interactions between SCP1 and SAC6 to develop the first in vivo assay for function of any transgelin-like protein and established that actin binding is important for at least some Scpl functions. Sequences necessary and sufficient for actin cross-linking were identified in the carboxyl terminus of Scpl, outside the CH domain. Scpl may regulate actin cytoskeleton not only via direct binding to actin filaments, but also via its interaction with another actin binding protein, Abpl. Scpl and Abpl physically interact in a yeast two hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays. In vivo patch localization of Scp1 mutant defective for binding to actin filaments requires src-homology 3 (SH3) domain of Abpl. In vitro, Scpl specifically modulates Abpl-dependent activation of the Arp2/3 complex. In summary, Scpl may function in complex with Abpl to regulate actin nucleation by the Arp2/3 complex.<br>by Anya L. Goodman.<br>Ph.D.
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Tso, Cynthia K. W. "A reassessment of the interaction between complement C3d and complement receptor CD21 SCR1-2." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:29114281-a320-459d-88a6-9b5fad7c3f7f.
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Biophysical characterisation of protein – ligand interactions can provide vital information to dissect complex biochemical binding mechanisms. C3d has been shown to interact with a number of different protein ligands, namely CD21 SCR1-2, S. aureus Efb-C, S. aureus Ehp, S. aureus Sbi and complement regulatory protein factor H. Although much is known about the relationship of C3d and CD21 in the induction of humoral immunity, the structural aspects of this interaction remained controversial until very recently. The aim of this thesis was to gain a detailed understanding of the C3d/CD21 SCR1-2 interaction using different biophysical methods and to identify potential low molecular weight inhibitors of the interaction. A crystal structure of the C3d/CD21 complex solved by Szakonyi et al. in 2001 indicated the C3d binding site on CD21 was in the SCR2 domain. It did not agree with mutagenesis studies and recent NMR titration experiments show that only residues from the SCR1 domain of CD21 appear to mediate binding under physiologically relevant ionic strength. In the current work, NMR was employed to monitor ligand binding to C3d and to provide residue specific information that reflects a physiologically relevant binding mode to complement the crystallographic model solved by van den Elsen and Isenman in 2011. Microcalorimetric analysis on the site-directed mutagenesis studies also supported a model of hydrophobically- and electrostatically-driven protein-protein interaction for C3d and CD21 SCR1-2. Complement C3d forms a non-specific thioester linkage with antigen, which then binds to CD21 SCR1-2 and coligates with membrane immunoglobulin of the B cell receptor. While the interactions triggers B cell activation and hence the production of antibody under normal circumstances, it has been demonstrated that the interactions also lead to undue B cell activation and auto-antibody production. There is a well established collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model to support the significance of C3d and CD21 in disease susceptibility. To this end, a high-throughput SPR-based screening platform was set up to screen a fragment library against C3d, so as to identify low molecular weight compounds that could serve as a starting point for drug development programme. Unfortunately, the work did not yield C3d-binding inhibitors and future work could include screening large fragment libraries that are designed to target protein-protein interfaces.
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Planade, Jessica. "Etude du rôle des protéines partenaires de l'actine dans la mécanique des gels branchés de levure." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCC285/document.
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Par ce travail expérimental, nous essayons d’établir un lien entre les propriétés mécaniques de gels d’actine branchés de levure et la composition biochimique des réseaux. L’actine est un polymère semi-flexible qui fait partie du cytosquelette. De nombreux partenaires protéiques de l’actine (notés ABPs par la suite) se lient aux filaments d’actine et les agencent en différents types de réseaux. Arp2/3 est un complexe protéique qui génère la croissance de réseaux d’actine branchés. Les réseaux d’actine branchés en croissance intéressent tout particulièrement physiciens comme biologistes car ils sont capables de développer des forces nécessaires à de nombreux processus vitaux pour la cellule, comme l’endocytose. Nous avons ici étudié les propriétés mécaniques de gels d’actine branchés reconstitués in vitro, en nous focalisant sur le rôle d’un type d’ABPs en particulier, les protéines de réticulation. Il nous a été possible de quantifier et de comparer l’effet de trois protéines de réticulation différentes sur la mécanique des réseaux d’actine branchés de levure.Afin de mener à bien cette étude, nous avons combiné deux puissantes techniques expérimentales.Nous avons utilisé une technique de mesure des propriétés mécaniques basée sur l’utilisation de colloïdes superparamagnétiques développée au laboratoire. Cette technique permet de réaliser des mesures quantitatives et à haut débit sur des gels polymères très fins (quelques centaines de nanomètres d’épaisseur). Les réseaux ont été reconstitués in vitro grâce à la fonctionnalisation des billes superparamagnétiques avec Las17, une protéine que notre collaborateur biologiste a identifiée comme suffisant à activer Arp2/3 chez la levure. Nous avons de plus combiné deux approches complémentaires en travaillant à la fois sur des extraits cellulaires de levure contenant toutes les ABPs des réseaux Arp2/3 et à la fois sur des mélanges de quelques protéines purifiées.L’approche « top-down » est basée sur l’utilisation d’extraits cellulaires de mutants de la levure n’exprimant pas une ou des protéine(s) d’intérêt(s), et l’approche « bottom-up » sur l’addition de la protéine étudiée dans le système simplifié de quelques protéines purifiées<br>In this experimental work we tried to quantify the mechanical properties of yeast branchedactin networks with regard to their biochemical composition. Actin is a semi-flexible biopolymerthat is assembled as part of the cytoskeleton. Proteins partners of actin (ABPs) shape itsfilaments into different type of networks. Arp2/3 is a protein complex that has the propertyto generate branched actin gels. Growing branched actin networks are of particular interest forboth biologists and physicists because of their ability to generate forces necessary to many vitalprocesses such as endocytosis. Here we study in vitro the mechanical properties of such networks,and we focus on the role of one type of actin binding proteins, the crosslinkers. This family ofproteins appears to play a role in both the elastic, viscous and plastic properties of the gels. Weare able to quantify and to compare the impact of three different crosslinkers on branched actinnetworks in yeast.In order to conduct said study, we combined two powerful experimental methods. We used asuperparamagnetic particle-based mechanical measurement technique that was developed in thelab and allows quantitative, high-throughput measurements on very thin gels. And the networkswere reconstituted in vitro by functionalization of the magnetic particles with Las17, which hasbeen showed to activate Arp2/3 for the yeast by our biologist collaborator. We furthermoreworked on both yeast extracts containing all the ABPs of the Arp2/3 networks, and with setsof a few purified proteins, in order to combine a « top-down » (use of mutations in yeast toprevent the expression of protein(s) of interest) and a « bottom-up » (addition of a protein ofinterest in a simplified system) approaches
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Bertolino, Lígia Tereza. "Estudo das Proteínas 14-3-3A e 14-3-3D de Nicotiana tabacum L. e seu Papel no Desenvolvimento Floral." Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-21052014-113419/.
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A modulação da forma e tamanho em órgãos vegetais depende do controle temporal e espacial de divisão e expansão celular. Entretanto, pouco se sabe a respeito dos mecanismos moleculares que regulam este processo durante o desenvolvimento floral. O estudo da via de sinalização de SCI1 (Stigma/style Cell Cycle Inhibitor 1) pode contribuir para o entendimento do processo de crescimento das flores. Este gene produz uma proteína, localizada no nucléolo, que está relacionada à inibição da proliferação celular no estigma e no estilete de Nicotiana tabacum, modulando o tamanho destes órgãos florais. Experimentos feitos para a identificação de parceiros de interação de SCI1 identificaram as proteínas 14-3-3A e 14-3-3D de N. tabacum como candidatas à interação. A família 14-3-3 é composta de proteínas altamente conservadas, que formam dímeros em sua conformação nativa e são responsáveis pela modulação da atividade das mais variadas proteínas em resposta a sinais intracelulares. Por isso, estas proteínas estão associadas à regulação de uma série de processos, incluindo o metabolismo, transcrição, ciclo celular, entre outros. Neste contexto, o presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar as proteínas 14-3-3A e 14-3-3D de N. tabacum e o seu papel durante o desenvolvimento floral. Os resultados aqui obtidos revelaram que a 14-3-3A possui localização citoplasmática e nuclear, enquanto a 14-3-3D se distribui apenas no citoplasma. Também foi evidenciado que estas proteínas são capazes de formar homodímeros e heterodímeros entre si. Os homodímeros de 14-3-3A estão distribuídos no citoplasma e no núcleo, enquanto os homodímeros de 14-3-3D e heterodímeros se encontram apenas no citoplasma. Adicionalmente, a interação in vivo entre a 14-3-3A e SCI1 foi confirmada por BiFC, apresentando localização nuclear, fora do nucléolo. Análises in silico da sequência de aminoácidos de SCI1 identificaram duas regiões putativas de reconhecimento por proteínas 14-3-3s. Estas regiões estão sendo analisadas funcionalmente por meio de ensaios de BiFC com sequências mutadas de SCI1. A análise deste conjunto de resultados, juntamente com outros resultados obtidos em nosso laboratório, sugere que apenas homodímeros de 14-3-3D e heterodímeros formados entre 14-3-3A e 14-3-3D sejam capazes de interagir com SCI1. Adicionalmente, a localização nuclear dessa interação difere daquelas observadas para SCI1 e para as 14-3-3s individualmente, sugerindo que as 14-3-3s migrem para o núcleo para interagir com SCI1. Nossa hipótese é de que as proteínas 14-3-3s possam modular a localização subnuclear de SCI1. Com o objetivo de levantar dados a respeito das possíveis funções desempenhadas pelas proteínas 14-3-3A e 14-3-3D de N. tabacum, foram identificados os grupos de possíveis ortólogos dessas proteínas em A. thaliana, O. sativa, S. lycopersicum, S. tuberosum e N. benthamiana. Esta análise mostrou que os ortólogos às 14-3-3A e D em Arabidopsis estão associados ao ciclo celular, o que sugere que as proteínas de tabaco possam ter conservado essa função. Além disso, também foram produzidas plantas transgênicas silenciadas para cada uma dessas 14-3-3s de maneira independente. A análise dos fenótipos das plantas transgênicas não levou à elaboração de uma hipótese definitiva sobre a função dessas 14-3-3s no desenvolvimento floral. No entanto, algumas plantas transgênicas apresentaram estruturas menores, especialmente as pétalas, sugerindo que estas proteínas podem estar envolvidas no controle do tamanho de órgãos vegetais.<br>The modulation of size and shape in plant organs depends on temporal and spatial control of cell division and expansion. However, the molecular mechanisms that regulate this process during floral development are poorly understood. The study of SCI1 (Stigma/style Cell Cycle Inhibitor 1) signaling pathway can contribute to the understanding of the flower growing process. This gene produces a protein which is located in the nucleolus and is related to the inhibition of cell proliferation in the Nicotiana tabacum stigma and style, modulating the size of these organs. Experiments performed to identify SCI1 interaction partners have identified the N. tabacum 14-3-3A and 14-3-3D proteins as interaction candidates. The 14-3-3 family is composed of highly conserved proteins, which form dimers in their native conformation and are responsible to modulate the activity of a large variety of proteins in response to intracellular signals. Therefore, these proteins are associated to the regulation of several processes, including metabolism, transcription, and cell cycle, among others. In this context, the present work aimed to study the N. tabacum 14-3-3A and 14-3-3D proteins and their role during flower development. The results here obtained revealed that 14-3-3A is located in the nucleus and the cytosol, while 14-3-3D protein is distributed only in the cytosol. It was also shown that these proteins can form homodimers and heterodimers with each other. Homodimers of 14-3-3A are distributed in nucleus and cytosol, while 14-3-3D homodimers and heterodimers are located only in the cytosol. Furthermore, the in vivo interaction between SCI1 and 14-3-3A was confirmed by BiFC, showing nuclear localization, outside the nucleolus. In silico analyzes of SCI1 amino acid sequence identified two putative regions of recognition by 14-3-3 proteins. These regions are being evaluated by BiFC assays with SCI1 mutated sequences. The analyses of this set of results, together with other results obtained in our laboratory, suggests that only 14-3-3D homodimers and heterodimers between 14-3-3A and 14-3-3D are capable to interact with SCI1. Moreover, the nuclear localization of this interaction differs from the ones observed for SCI1 and for the 14-3-3s individually, which suggests that the 14-3-3s migrate to the nucleus to interact with SCI1. Our hypothesis is that the 14-3-3 proteins can modulate the subnuclear localization of SCI1. To obtain data concerning the possible roles of the N. tabacum 14-3-3A and 14-3-3D proteins, groups of possible orthologous of these proteins in A. thaliana, O. sativa, S. lycopersicum, S. tuberosum and N. benthamiana were identified. This analysis has shown that the orthologs of 14-3-3A and D in Arabidopsis are associated to the cell cycle, suggesting that the tobacco proteins might have conserved this function. Furthermore, transgenic plants silenced for each of the 14-3-3s independently were also produced. Phenotype analyzes of transgenic plants did not lead to a definitive hypothesis about the function of these 14-3-3s during floral development. However, some transgenic plants exhibited smaller structures, specially petals, which suggests that these proteins may be involved in the size control of plant organs.
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Melo, Jussara Costa. "Estudo empírico sobre a proposta do serviço de comunicações digitais - SCD." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/11414.
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Orientação: Carlos Eduardo Machado da Costa Esch.<br>Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Faculdade de Comunicação, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Comunicação, 2012.<br>Submitted by Alaíde Gonçalves dos Santos (alaide@unb.br) on 2012-10-08T11:46:44Z
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2012_JussaraCostaMelo.pdf: 1428668 bytes, checksum: 8ecaefa374f00648ff219e77214cf06f (MD5)<br>No ano de 2003 a Agência Nacional de Telecomunicações – Anatel adotando como premissa a migração dos serviços de telecomunicações para os serviços de acesso à informação lançou a proposta de criação do Serviço de Comunicações Digitais – SCD que permitiria o acesso às redes digitais e à Internet, o que representaria a ação efetiva do Estado para promover a inclusão digital, a cidadania, garantir o direito de acesso à informação, atender às demandas sociais previstas na Lei do Fundo de Universalização dos Serviços de Telecomunicações (FUST) e cumprir os propósitos da Cúpula Mundial da Sociedade da Informação realizada em Genebra em 2003. A proposta não avançou e o novo serviço não foi criado. Esta dissertação analisa as contribuições às consultas públicas relativas à proposta do novo serviço a fim de proporcionar uma reflexão acerca das tendências e possíveis causas indicativas da opção pela não criação do SCD. _________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT<br>In 2003, the National Telecommunications Agency – Anatel, launched a proposal for the creation of a new digital communications service, designated as SCD which would allow the access to digital networks and to the Internet would represent an effective State action towards the promotion of digital inclusion, citizenship, legal right to information access, provide social demands foreseen by the universalization law and would also accomplish the purposes established by the World Summit of Information Society held in Geneva in 2003. Nevertheless, the proposal did not succeded. This research analyses the comments and opinions expressed within the public consultations processes in an attempt to identify reasons, tendencies and causes that justify the decision not to create de new service.
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Beurton, Ginette Ducharme Christian. "Extension de l'intranet documentaire du SCD de l'Université d'Evry-Val-d'Essonne." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/ppp/ppp-beurton.pdf.
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Lubini, Greice. "NtCDKG;2, uma proteína multifuncional, relacionada aos processos de transcrição, processamento de RNA e organização do fuso acromático no ciclo celular de Nicotiana tabacum." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17135/tde-06062017-171202/.
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Os estudos em reprodução e desenvolvimento das plantas, especialmente voltados ao pistilo, são de grande interesse agronômico, econômico e científico. Em nosso laboratório, recentemente, foi identificado e caracterizado SCI1 (Stigma/style Cell-cycle Inhibitor 1), um inibidor do ciclo celular que atua de forma tecido específica no pistilo de Nicotiana tabacum L. e Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (DEPAOLI et al., 2011; DEPAOLI; DORNELAS; GOLDMAN, 2014). Foi identificada a proteína NtCDKG;2 (N. tabacum Cyclin-dependent Kinase 2) como parceira de interação de NtSCI1 (N . tabacum SCI1), em um ensaio de pull-down (STRINI, 2014). A literatura aponta que os inibidores de ciclo celular regulam o ciclo através da inibição de CDK, o que sugere que NtSCI1 possa regular o ciclo celular através da inibição de NtCDKG;2. O presente estudo mostra análises detalhadas da localização de GFP-NtCDKG;2 em células epiteliais de N. benthamiana. Verificou-se que a proteína NtCDKG;2 está presente no nucleoplasma e também co-localiza em speckles nucleares. Em cultura de células BY2 expressando GFP-NtCDKG;2 de forma estável, foi observado que, durante a metáfase e anáfase, a proteína NtCDKG;2 está junto ao fuso acromático. Adicionalmente, ensaios de BiFC (Bi-molecular Fluorescence Complementation) realizados neste trabalho mostram que a interação entre as proteínas NtCDKG;2 e NtSCI1 ocorre em uma região localizada na periferia nucleolar, durante a interfase. Também foram identificadas possíveis isoformas de NtCDKG;2. A possibilidade da ocorrência de isoformas sugere que, de maneira análoga à sua homóloga em humanos, as isoformas resultantes de NtCDKG;2 possam atuar em diferentes processos. Em busca de parceiros de interação de NtCDKG;2, para identificar em que vias esta proteína atua, foi realizado um screening de uma biblioteca de cDNAs de estigmas e estiletes de N. tabacum, no sistema de duplo-híbrido em leveduras (Y2H). Através desse ensaio, foram identificados diversos parceiros envolvidos com transcrição e processamento de RNA. Dentre as proteínas identificadas, cuja interação foi confirmada neste trabalho, destaca-se a proteína NtCDKF;1, uma proteína que fosforila o CTD da RNA Polimerase II e, dessa forma, auxilia a transcrição e o splicing cotranscricional (HAJHEIDARI et al., 2012). O presente trabalho mostra também a interação entre NtCDKG;2 e a proteína NtCBP1, uma proteína que possui um papel importante na regulação inicial da transcrição de proteínas mediadoras do crescimento do tubo polínico (LI et al., 2015). xx Adicionalmente, o screening de Y2H possibilitou a identificação da interação entre NtCDKG;2 e NtRanBP1, uma proteína chave na formação do fuso acromático que, em humanos, interage com uma isoforma homóloga a NtCDKG;2, a CDK11p46 (MIKOLAJCZYK et al., 2003; YOKOYAMA et al., 2008; ZHANG; DAWE, 2011). Análises in silico realizadas com a sequência de aminoácidos de NtCDKG;2 apontaram motivos de interação com proteína do tipo F-Box, ciclina, CDK, fosfatase, 14-3-3, BRCA1 e indicaram o local provável de interação do complexo CDK-Ciclina com o respectivo inibidor. Foi testada e comprovada a interação entre NtCDKG;2 e a 14-3-3D, por Y2H, uma parceira de NtSCI1. Outra lacuna que precisava ser preenchida é referente à regulação da expressão de NtSCI1. Com este intuito, foram realizadas análises in silico para identificar elementos cis-regulatórios na sequência genômica de NtSCI1. Essas análises indicaram a presença de importantes elementos cis-regulatórios relacionados à identidade meristemática (como WUSCHEL e AINTEGUMENTA), identidade do carpelo (AGAMOUS, BELL) e progressão do ciclo celular (E2F e CDC5). Algumas considerações podem ser feitas associando os resultados obtidos a estudos feitos paralelamente em nosso laboratório: 1) Compilando a localização de NtCDKG;2 em splicing speckles e sua interação com os diferentes parceiros de interação relacionados à transcrição e splicing, sugere-se que NtCDKG;2 também atue nos processos transcricionais e de splicing. 2) Considerando a localização subcelular de NtCDKG;2 durante as diferentes fases do ciclo celular, às análises in silico dessa proteína que identificaram sua possível interação com BRCA1, além da interação confirmada com a proteína NtRanBP1, é possível sugerir que NtCDKG;2 atue, direta ou indiretamente, na organização do fuso acromático de plantas. 3) Propõem-se que NtSCI1 regule a proliferação celular no pistilo através da interação com NtCDKG;2 que se dá no nucléolo das células. Dessa forma, NtSCI1 prenderia NtCDKG;2 no nucléolo e inibiria sua atuação, como na organização do fuso acromático, o que acarretaria inibição da divisão celular. 4) Devido aos motivos cis-regulatórios encontrados na sequência genômica de NtSCI1 e o efeito que a proteína possui desde as fases iniciais do desenvolvimento do pistilo, sugere-se que a expressão desse gene seja regulada por elementos diretamente envolvidos no controle do término do meristema floral e nas vias de desenvolvimento de órgãos florais.<br>Studies on plant reproduction and development, specifically those related to the pistil, are of great agronomic, economic and scientific interest. In our laboratory, we recently identified and characterized SCI1 (Stigma/style Cell-cycle Inhibitor 1), an inhibitor of the cell cycle which acts tissuespecifically in the pistil of Nicotiana tabacum L. and Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. (DEPAOLI et al., 2011; DEPAOLI; DORNELAS; GOLDMAN, 2014). The NtCDKG;2 (N. tabacum Cyclin-dependent Kinase G; 2) protein was identified as an interaction partner of NtSCI1 (N. tabacum SCI1) in a pulldown assay (STRINI, 2014). The literature suggests that cell cycle inhibitors control the cycle through the inhibition of CDKs, indicating that NtSCI1 might control cell cycle by inhibiting NtCDKG;2. This study shows detailed analysis of GFP-NtCDKG;2 localization in leaf cells of N. benthamiana. The analysis shows that NtCDKG;2 is present in the nucleoplasm and also co-localizes with nuclear speckles. In BY2 cell culture stably expressing GFP-NtCDKG;2, it was observed that NtCDKG;2 is at the achromatic spindle during metaphase and anaphase. Additionally, BiFC (Bimolecular Fluorescence Complementation) assays performed in this study have shown that the interaction of NtCDKG;2 and NtSCI1 occurs in the nucleolar periphery during interphase. Putative isoforms of NtCDKG;2 were also identified. The possible occurrence of these isoforms suggests that, in a similar way to its human homologue, NtCDKG;2 putative isoforms could act in different processes. To identify in which processes this protein could act, a search for NtCDKG;2 interaction partners was performed through the screening of a N. tabacum stigma and style cDNA library in the yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) system. Several partners identified through this assay have roles in RNA transcription and processing. Among the identified partners with interaction confirmed during this work, stands out the NtCDKF;1 protein, a CDK that phosphorylates the RNA polymerase II CTD, and thus, supports transcription and co-transcriptional splicing (HAJHEIDARI et al., 2012). This study also shows the interaction of NtCDKG;2 with NtCBP1, a protein which has an important role in the transcriptional regulation of genes encoding proteins mediating pollen tube growth (LI et al., 2015). Furthermore, the Y2H screening allowed the identification of the interaction of NtCDKG;2 with NtRanBP1, a key protein in the formation of the achromatic spindle which, in humans, interacts with the CDK11p46 isoform (MIKOLAJCZYK xxii et al., 2003; YOKOYAMA et al., 2008; ZHANG; DAWE, 2011), a homologue of NtCDKG;2. In silico analysis of the amino acid sequence of NtCDKG;2 revealed motifs of predicted interaction with F-box proteins, cyclins, CDKs, phosphatases, 14-3-3s, BRCA1, and also pointed the region where the CDK-cyclin complex might interact with its respective inhibitor. The interaction of NtCDKG;2 with 14-3-3D, a known partner of NtSCI1, was tested and confirmed by Y2H. Another gap that needed to be filled is related to the regulation of NtSCI1 expression. To address this issue, in silico analysis to identify cis-regulatory elements was performed in NtSCI1 genomic region. These analyses revealed the presence of important cis-regulatory elements related to meristem identity (such as WUSCHEL and AINTEGUMENTA), carpel identity (AGAMOUS, BELL), and cell cycle progression (E2F and CDC5). Taken together results from this study and parallel studies performed in our laboratory, a few remarks can be made: 1) Taken the localization of NtCDKG;2 in splicing speckles, and its interaction with different proteins involved in transcription and splicing, it is suggested that NtCDKG;2 also has roles on these processes; 2) Considering the subcellular localization of NtCDKG;2 during the different cell cycle phases, the in silico analysis of this protein that predicts its interaction with BRCA1, and the confirmed interaction with NtRanBP1 protein, it is possible to suggest that NtCDKG;2 has a direct or indirect role in the organization of the achromatic spindle in plants; 3) It is proposed that NtSCI1 regulates cell proliferation in the pistil through its interaction with NtCDKG;2, which occurs in the nucleolus. Thus, NtSCI1 could hold NtCDKG;2 in the nucleolus, inhibiting its actions, such as in the organization of the achromatic spindle, resulting in cell division arrest. 4) Due to the cis-regulatory elements found in the genomic sequence of NtSCI1, and the effect of this protein since the initial stages of pistil development, it is suggested that its expression is regulated by elements directly involved in the control of the floral meristem termination and pathways of floral organ development.
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Rohr, Ute. "SCD14, TNF[alpha] [TNF alpha], Interleukin-6, sICAM-1 und sE-Selektin im septischen Geschehen." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=956128815.
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De, Gaspari Piera [Verfasser]. "Lineage tracing of Sca1-expressing cells in the heart and skeletal muscle / Piera De Gaspari." Gießen : Universitätsbibliothek, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1075454514/34.
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Keiser, Megan Kathryn. "Gene therapies for spinocerebellar ataxia type 1." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/2540.
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Spinocerebellar ataxia type 1 (SCA1) is an adult onset, autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disease caused by a CAG repeat expansion in ataxin-1, which encodes the ataxin-1 protein. SCA1 is one of nine polyQ-expansion gain-of-function diseases which includes Huntington's disease, spinal-bulbar muscular atrophy, dentatorubral-pallidoluysian atrophy and other ataxias. Clinical symptoms of SCA1 include ataxia, dysarthria, ophthalmoparesis, muscle wasting, and extrapyramidal and bulbar dysfunction. Cerebellar Purkinje cells (PCs), neurons in the inferior olive and nuclei of the brainstem are affected. No disease-modifying therapy exists for SCA1. The goals of my thesis were to assess the safety and efficacy of AAV-delivered artificial miRNAs targeting ataxin-1 to alleviate neuropathological and behavioral phenotypes in the knock-in and transgenic SCA1 mouse models.
In the knock-in SCA1 mouse model AAVs expressing an artificial miRNA (miSCA1) targeting sequences conserved in mouse and human ataxin-1 were injected directly to the deep cerebellar nuclei. This achieved long term silencing of ataxin-1 mRNA and significantly improved rotarod performance, gait deficiencies, and neuropathology of the cerebellum.
In the transgenic SCA1 mouse model the same method of delivery was executed with an artificial microRNA (miR) (miS1) designed to optimize potency, efficacy and safety to suppress Atxn1 expression. Additionally the therapeutic potential of continuous overexpression of ataxin-1-like was examined. Delivery of either ataxin-1-like or miS1 viral vectors to SCA1 mouse cerebellum resulted in widespread cerebellar Purkinje cell transduction. There was significant improvement to rotarod performance, gait deficiencies, coordination and balance, as well as the neuropathology of cerebellar Purkinje cells. In summary, these data indicate the utility of these approaches as possible therapies for SCA1 patients.
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Sorice, Andréia Fátima. "Análise da evolução de longo prazo das temperaturas do satélite SCD-1." Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, 2007. http://www.bd.bibl.ita.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=389.
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O objetivo desta dissertação de mestrado é investigar as causas da elevação da temperatura do satélite SCD-1 (Satélite de Coleta de Dados) ao longo dos seus 13 anos em órbita. O SCD-1 é o primeiro satélite projetado e construído no Brasil, lançado com sucesso em 1993, e ainda em operação. O controle térmico foi realizado por meio passivo usando tintas, isolantes térmicos e materiais condutivos, apropriados para manter as temperaturas do satélite em níveis especificados. Um modelo matemático foi desenvolvido para simular o comportamento térmico do SCD-1 em órbita, sendo utilizado como ferramenta de trabalho durante a fase de projeto. As temperaturas em órbita, de trinta componentes do SCD-1, foram monitoradas e registradas no Centro de Controle e Rastreio (São José dos Campos - SP) desde o seu lançamento. Uma análise feita no início da missão mostrou que todas as temperaturas estavam nas faixas previstas pelo modelo e, ao longo destes 13 anos, a bateria, que é o equipamento mais sensível termicamente, apresentou um aumento de temperatura alcançando seu limite máximo aceitável. Desenvolveu-se uma metodologia para investigar as causas deste desvio. Uma rotina de otimização, acoplada ao modelo matemático, foi utilizada para corrigir um conjunto de parâmetros selecionados do modelo de forma a ajustar as temperaturas teóricas às de vôo. Por meio desta metodologia, analisaram-se os dados do SCD-1 no período compreendido entre 1995 e 2005 e conclui-se que a elevação da temperatura foi causada principalmente pelo aumento da dissipação interna de calor da bateria, conseqüência da degradação ao longo de sua vida orbital. Os resultados desta investigação podem ser úteis no desenvolvimento de outros satélites no sentido de alertar quanto as possíveis causas dos desvios de longo prazo e considerá-los nas análises de novos projetos para obtenção de modelos mais precisos.
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Caron, Valérie. "Formation et autoformation des usagers au SCD de l'Université de la Réunion." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2002. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/rscaron.pdf.
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Lobet, Jean-Luc Chartron Ghislaine. "Evaluer l'utilisation de la collection électronique l'exemple du SCD de Lyon 2 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/lobet.pdf.
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Orain, Christine Collinot Anne. "LMD et politique documentaire exemple du SCD de l'Université de Rennes 2 /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2004. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/orain.pdf.
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Smouts, Marie. "La communication interne en bibliothèque l'exemple du SCD de l'Université Lyon I /." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2003. http://www.enssib.fr/bibliotheque/documents/dcb/smouts.pdf.
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Silva, Fabiana Brandão Alves. "Análise da expressão gênica da proteína homóloga à Scc1/Rad21 do complexo Coesina em Trypanosoma cruzi." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2012. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/10953.
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Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Biologia Celular, 2012.<br>Submitted by Jaqueline Ferreira de Souza (jaquefs.braz@gmail.com) on 2012-07-17T10:18:34Z
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2012_FabiansBrandaoAlvesSilva.pdf: 3339585 bytes, checksum: 3a2b291213f89307c5254e99ccac67ea (MD5)<br>O complexo Coesina tem a função essencial de assegurar a correta segregação das cromátides irmãs após replicação do DNA. A Coesina atua tanto na mitose como na meiose e é mais bem descrita em leveduras e mamíferos. O complexo se forma pela interação das subunidades proteicas conhecidas como SMC (proteínas de manutenção estrutural dos cromossomos), SMC1 e SMC3, e duas proteínas SCC (proteínas de coesão das cromátides irmãs), a SCC1 (também conhecida como Mcd1 ou Rad21) e SCC3 (SA1 e SA2 em células de mamíferos). Existem poucos estudos sobre a Coesina e sua função em tripanossomatídeos, sendo que foi verificada a presença dos genes para todas as subunidades da Coesina em Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei e a Leishmania major. Em trabalhos recentes do nosso grupo, foi observado que a subunidade SCC1 do complexo Coesina em T. cruzi está presente nas formas amastigotas com localização nuclear, em menor quantidade em epimastigotas distribuída por toda a célula e ausente em tripomastigotas. Desse modo, essa diferença da presença da proteína TcSCC1 nas diferentes formas do parasita nos levou a estudar nesse trabalho a expressão gênica dessa proteína de T. cruzi e sua regulação. Inicialmente, foi realizada uma quantificação relativa do mRNA da proteína SCC1 nas diferentes formas do T. cruzi por RT-PCR em tempo real. As formas amastigotas e tripomastigotas apresentaram uma quantidade relativa semelhante entre si e equivalente à metade da quantidade das formas epimastigotas, o que diverge do observado para a presença da proteína. Assim, é possível que haja um mecanismo regulatório provavelmente pós-transcricional, já que é descrito que esse tipo de regulação é peça chave na modulação da expressão gênica em T. cruzi. Nos experimentos onde foi inibido a transcrição e a transcrição juntamente com a tradução nas formas epimastigotas e amastigotas, observamos uma estabilidade do mRNA da TcSCC1 mais longa em amastigotas e pouco afetada com a inibição da tradução. Essa observação pode explicar a causa da maior abundância da proteína nas formas amastigotas. Embora em epimastigotas o mRNA também seja relativamente estável, a quantidade relativa decresce mais acentuadamente, sugerindo uma meia vida mais curta em epimastigotas. É provável que a regulação pós-transcricional desse mRNA possa estar modulando a expressão do gene TcSCC1 entre as formas do T. cruzi e essa não é dependente da tradução. _________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT<br>The cohesin complex has the essential function of ensuring the correct segregation of sister chromatids after DNA replication. The cohesin acts both in mitosis as in meiosis and is best described in yeast and mammals. The complex is formed by the interaction of protein subunits known as SMC (structural maintenance of chromosomes), SMC1 and SMC3, and two proteins SCC (cohesion of sister chromatids), the SCC1 (also known as Mcd1 or Rad21) and SCC3 (SA1 and SA2 in mammalian cells). There are few studies of the cohesin and its function in trypanosomatids, and it was detected the presence of genes for all subunits of cohesin in Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania major. In recent work from our group, we observed that the SCC1 subunit of cohesin complex in T. cruzi amastigotes is present with nuclear localization, in epimastigotes with a lesser amount distributed throughout the cell and absent in trypomastigotes. Thus, this difference of the presence of TcSCC1 protein in the different forms of the parasite led us to study in this work the gene expression of this T. cruzi protein and its regulation. Initially, we performed a relative quantification of TcSCC1 mRNA in the different forms of T. cruzi by real time RT-PCR. The amastigotes and trypomastigotes forms presented a relative similar amount among themselves and as equivalent to half the amount of the epimastigote forms, which differs of that observed for presence of the protein. Thus, there may be a possible post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism, since it is reported that this type of regulation is a key part in the modulation of T. cruzi gene expression. In experiments where transcription was inhibited and transcription along with translation in epimastigotes and amastigotes, we observed longer stability of TcSCC1 mRNA in amastigotes and is not affected by the inhibition of the translation. This observation may explain why the protein is more abundant in amastigotes. Although in epimastigotes the mRNA is also relatively stable, the relative amount decreases more markedly, suggesting shorter half life in epimastigotes. It is likely that post-transcriptional regulation of this mRNA may be modulating the TcSCC1gene expression between the forms of T. cruzi and that is not dependent on translation.
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Gronychová, Gabriela. "Globální talent management ve společnosti Schindler." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-201730.
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The Master thesis Global talent management in Schindler Company aims to map the concept of the career programme in Schindler Company SCDP (Schindler Career Development Programme) and to assess the feedback of programme participants based on the survey among participants. The thesis is divided into three parts. The first part of the thesis consists of theoretical knowledge on talent management and work with talents. Basic and key terms that are crucial for deeper introduction to the topic are defined in this part as well. The second part already has a practical character and it is dedicated to the program. Its particular phases, objectives and specifics are defined. The research part is based on the survey completed by participants of the programme. The programme is assessed based on the evaluation of the survey and recommendations for its improvement are proposed. The benefit of this thesis is the provision of survey results and recommendations for programme improvements, which can help Schindler with better understanding on their talents´ attitude.
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Lampin, Philippe. "Préparation, étude structurale en relation avec la transition de phase des oxydes ferroélectriques de type pérovskite : Pb(Sc1/2Ta1/2)O3,Pb(Sc1/2Nb1/2)O3 et leur solution solide." Aix-Marseille 3, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994AIX30012.
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NOUS AVONS ETUDIE LA RELATION ENTRE NANOSTRUCTURE ET TRANSITION DE PHASE FERRO-PARAELECTRIQUE, POUR LES MATERIAUX PbSc1/2Ta1/2O3(PST), PbSc1/2O3(PSN) ET LEUR SOLUTION SOLIDE (PSNT). DES IONS DIFFERENTS (SC,TA ET/OU NB) SUR LE SITE B DE LA STRUCTURE PEROVSKITE SONT A L'ORIGINE DE L'APPARITION DE SURSTRUCTURES DONT L'IMPORTANCE REND LA TRANSITION PLUS OU MOINS DIFFUSE. DES MONOCRISTAUX ONT ETE SYNTHETISES AFIN DE POUVOIR TRAVAILLER SUR DES PHASES PURES. ILS PRESENTENT PAR DIFFRACTION DES RAYONS-X A TEMPERATURE AMBIANTE UNE STRUCTURE MOYENNE CUBIQUE, MEME SI POUR PSN LES MESURES SONT EFFECTUEES EN PHASE FERROELECTRIQUE (Tc= 90°C). UNE SURSTRUCTURE DE TYPE {111} APPARAIT POUR PST ET PSNT, CONDUISANT A UN RESEAU F ALORS QUE LE RESEAU DE BASE EST P POUR PSN. PAR DIFFRACTION ELECTRONIQUE, LA SURSTRUCTURE {111} EST MISE EN EVIDENCE DANS LES TROIS COMPOSES ET DE NOUVELLES REFLEXIONS DE TYPE 110 SONT OBSERVEES, LES IONS Sc3+,TA5+ ET/OU Nb5+ ETANT DISTRIBUES REGULIEREMENT SUR LES PLANS {111} OU SUR LES PLANS {110}. LES IMAGES EN FOND NOIR MONTRENT UN ORDRE {111} A LONGUE DISTANCE, OCCUPANT LA QUASI-TOTALITE DES CRISTAUX POUR PST ET PSNT AVEC DES TAILLES DE DOMAINES ALLANT JUSQU'A 60NM ALORS QUE DANS PSN LEUR DIMENSION EST DE L'ORDRE DE 4nm. L'ETUDE DE LA TRANSITION DE PHASE PAR MESURES DIELECTRIQUES ET CALORIMETRIQUES MONTRE LA SUPERPOSITION DE DEUX ACCIDENTS. LES REGIONS ORDONNEES DE TYPE {111} TRANSITENT VERS UNE PHASE FERROELECTRIQUE ET SONT RESPONSABLES D'UN PIC DE PERMITTIVITE DIELECTRIQUE NON DIFFUS ET DE LA CHALEUR LATENTE OBSERVEE. LE VOLUME DESORDONNE PROVOQUE UN ACCIDENT PLUS DIFFUS DONT L'ORIGINE POURRAIT ETRE UN CHANGEMENT DE COMPORTEMENT DE NANOREGIONS POLAIRES, DEJA PRESENTES A PLUS HAUTE TEMPERATURE
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Pierre, Andrew F. "The effect of complement inhibition with soluble complement receptor 1 (sCR1) on pig allo-transplant lung function." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ29290.pdf.
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Chang, Ya-Ju [Verfasser], Matthias [Akademischer Betreuer] Finkbeiner, Matthias [Gutachter] Finkbeiner, and Marzia [Gutachter] Traverso. "The Sustainable Child Development Index (SCDI) / Ya-Ju Chang ; Gutachter: Matthias Finkbeiner, Marzia Traverso ; Betreuer: Matthias Finkbeiner." Berlin : Technische Universität Berlin, 2018. http://d-nb.info/1168324149/34.
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Carpio, Ricardo, Juan Zapata, Eberhard Spanuth, and Georg Hess. "Utility of presepsin (sCD14-ST) as a diagnostic and prognostic marker of sepsis in the emergency department." Elsevier B.V, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/576944.
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Presepsin (PSEP) is released during infectious diseases and can be detected in the blood. PSEP has shown promising results as sepsis marker. We examined the diagnostic and prognostic validity of PSEP in patients suspicious of sepsis on admission in the emergency department (ED). Methods One hundred twenty three patients with signs of SIRS and/or sepsis and 123 healthy individuals were enrolled. PSEP was determined on admission, after 8, 24 and 72 h. Results Mean PSEP concentrations of the control group and the patient group were 130 and 1945 pg/ml. PSEP differed between SIRS, sepsis, severe sepsis and septic shock and showed strong association with 30-day mortality ranging from 10.3% in the 1st to 32.1% in the 4th quartile. The ROC curve analyses revealed an AUC value of 0.743. Combined assessment of PSEP and MEDS score increased the AUC up to 0.878 demonstrating the close relationship with outcome. Based on the PSEP values in the different severity degrees, decision thresholds for risk stratification were established. The course of PSEP during the first 72 h was associated with effectiveness of treatment and outcome. Conclusions PSEP allowed outcome prediction already on admission to a similar degree as the clinical scores MEDS and APACHE II. Combination of PSEP with MEDS score improved the discriminatory power for outcome prediction.<br>Our study has been supported by Mitsubishi Chemical Europe through providing the PSEP reagents free of charge. Dr. Carpio has received speaker honoraria from Mitsubishi Chemical Europe. DIAneering – Diagnostics Engineering & Research consulted to Axis Shield Diagnostics, Mitsubishi Chemical Europe, Radiometer, Roche Diagnostics, Shanghai Kehua Bio-engineering. No potential conflict of interest to this paper was reported<br>Peer review
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Ngwamidiba, Maxime. "Etude moléculaire des gènes SCA1 et SCA2 codant des protéines autotransporteurs chez les membres du genre " rickettsia"." Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20660.
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Des analyses d'ADN sur les restes des soldats de la Grande Armée de Napoléon (1812) ont révélé la présence entre autre de Rickettsia prowazekii. Pourtant la rickettsiologie ne commençera qu'avec les travaux de Ricketts et von Prowazek en 1910, et ne cessera de s'alimenter d'espèces et de pathologies nouvelles. En tant que premières bactéries intracellulaires strictes décrites, la taxonomie des rickettsies rassemblait initialement sur la base de ce critère, un grand nombre de genres bactériens ultérieurement reclassés avec l'avènement du séquençage et la découverte d'horloges moléculaires telle que la sous-unité 16S de ARN ribosomique ou le cytochrome C. Pour l'identification des espèces de Rickettsia, de nombreux critères phénotypiques dont la morphologie, les tests de fixation du complément, de neutralisation de toxines, de sérotypage et les profils protéiques ont longtemps été utilisés. Mais c'est la comparaison des séquences de gènes, dont ompA, ompB et sca4, qui ont permis d'identifier très précisément les espèces du genre Rickettsia et de proposer une classification phylogénique fiable. Cependant, la position phylogénique d'espèces telles que Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia canadensis et Rickettsia bellii n'a pu être déterminée avec certitude. Aussi, l'analyse basée sur la concaténation de plusieurs gènes, associée aux caractères phénotypiques peut constituer une meilleure alternative<br>The history of rickettsioses is probably as ancient as human civilisation. The first documented cases of rickettsioses dates back to 1812. In early part of the last century (1910) Ricketts and von Prowazek laid the foundation of modern rickettsiology. Their pioneering works eventually led to the recognition of new species and Rickettsiales infections. As soon as Rickettsia are the first strictly intracellular bacteria described, its taxonomy gathered on the basis of this criterion, and a great number of kinds of bacteria which will be identified only with the advent of the sequencing and the discovery of molecular clocks such as ribosomal 16S RNA and cytochrome C. Many phenotypic criterion such as morphology, tests of complement, neutralization of toxins, mousse serotyping and SDS-page proved reliable. However, gene comparison (ompA, ompB and sca4) will make it possible to very precisely determine the species containing of the genus Rickettsia and to suggest a classification supported by high bootstrap values as well as antibiotics tests. Nevertheless, the phylogenetic position of species such Rickettsia helvetica, Rickettsia canadensis and Rickettsia bellii could not be given with precision, and the polyphasic analysis of the classification of the Rickettsia species based on genes concatenation associated with phenotypic characters available might be alternatives for Rickettsia phylogeny
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Tiittanen, Anni, Camilla Orre, and Maryana Isaac. "En prövning av föräldraskattningsformuläret SCDI-III på somaliska : Svårigheter med att översätta frågeformulär till ett nytt språk." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för biomedicinska och kliniska vetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-168139.
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Under de senaste trettio åren, har antalet flerspråkiga individer ökat i Sverige betydligt. Antalet flerspråkiga barn i behov av en noggrann språklig undersökning är därmed stort. Det råder dessutom en generell brist på språkliga bedömningsmaterial för flerspråkiga barn i Sverige. Somalier utgör en stor del av den flerspråkiga gruppen i Sverige, vilket motiverar behovet av ett språkligt instrument för denna population. En översättning till somaliska av föräldraskattningsformuläret The Swedish Communicative Development Inventory (SCDI-III) har därför skapats. SCDI-III är en anpassning av MacArthur-Bates Communicative Development Inventory (MB-CDI) och är utformat för att via föräldraskattning undersöka tal- och språkförmågan hos barn mellan 2;6–4;0 år. Ett antal språkspecifika korrigeringar har gjorts från svenska SCDI-III till den somaliska versionen för en bättre anpassning till det somaliska språket. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att pröva den somaliska översatta versionen av SCDI-III. Totalt tio somalisktalande vårdnadshavare inkluderades i studien. Deltagarna rekryterades via barnavårdscentraler, förskolor samt genom privata kontakter. Resultatet i föreliggande studie visar att deltagarnas inlämnade frågeformulär var ofullständigt ifyllda. Ingen samstämmighet avseende vilka sektioner av instrumentet som inte besvarades kunde iakttas. Dessutom noterades inga korrelationer mellan bakgrundsvariablerna och hur vårdnadshavarna svarade. På grund av det låga deltagarantalet, i kombination med ovan nämnda faktorer, kan inga slutsatser om huruvida instrumentet är användbart för gruppen somaliska vårdnadshavare i Sverige dras. Sannolikt behöver instrumentet revideras och prövas igen, innan det kan användas kliniskt.<br>Over the last thirty years the number of multilingual individuals has significantly increased in Sweden. Consequently, there are several multilingual children in need of a detailed language assessment. At the same time, there is a general lack of tools for assessing speech and language in multilingual children in Sweden. People from Somalia are a substantial part of the multilingual community in Sweden, which motivates a need for a language assessment tool for this population. A translation of the parent-report instrument The Swedish Communicative Development Inventory (SCDI-III) to Somali has been made. The SCDI-III is an adapted version from the MacArthurBates Communicative Development Inventory (MB-CDI). The instrument is designed to investigate the speech and language ability of children between 2;6–4;0 years via parental reports. In order to develop a better adaption to the Somali language, a number of language-specific revisions have been made from the Swedish SCDI-III to the Somali version. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the Somali translated version of SCDIIII. A total of ten Somali-speaking caretakers were included in the study. The participants were recruited through child-care centers, preschools and private contacts. The results of the present study show that the participants' submitted questionnaires were incomplete. No common patterns as to which sections that were incomplete could be identified, nor could any correlations between any of the background information items and incomplete sections be found. Due to the low number of participants, in combination with the above-mentioned factors, no conclusions can be drawn as to whether the instrument is applicable for the group of Somali caretakers in Sweden or not. The instrument is likely in need of a revision, and a thorough pre-test before it can be implemented clinically.