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Journal articles on the topic 'Schemone Esre'
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1
Bos, Daniel, Robin Finlay, Peter Hopkins, Jenny Lloyd, and Michael Richardson. "Reflections on the ESRC internship scheme for postgraduates." Journal of Geography in Higher Education 41, no. 1 (December 27, 2016): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2016.1260099.
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Chavanne, Joel, Pascal Elleaume, and Pierre Van Vaerenbergh. "The ESRF Insertion Devices." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 5, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 196–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0909049597012855.
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The European Synchrotron Radiation facility is presently operating 47 segments of insertion devices (IDs). A record brilliance of 1 × 1020 photons s−1 (0.1% bandwidth)−1 mm−2 mrad−2 has been reached. Almost all devices are built with permanent magnets with or without iron pole pieces. They have been mechanically and magnetically designed and field-measured in house. Multipole shimming has been applied to all devices to remove the integrated dipole and higher-order multipole fields, thereby reducing the interaction between the IDs and the stored beam. For all undulators, the field errors have been corrected further using spectrum shimming in order to achieve ideal spectral brilliance on all harmonic numbers from 1 to 15. A significant effort has been made to optimize the magnet terminations for both field-integral correction and phasing. A phasing scheme of the undulator segments has been developed which allows the independent manufacture and operation of individual segments. Several designs for undulator phasing are presented, together with a comparison between hybrid and pure-permanent-magnet technology. A new type of variable-polarization helical undulator is presented.
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Belikov, N. E., L. E. Petrovskaya, E. A. Kryukova, D. A. Dolgikh, E. P. Lukashev, A. Yu Lukin, O. V. Demina, S. D. Varfolomeev, V. V. Chupin, and A. A. Khodonov. "Interaction of the Fluorophenyl Analog of Retinal with Proteorhodopsin from Exiguobacterium sibiricum." Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry 48, no. 6 (December 2022): 1190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1068162022060073.
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Abstract— We have developed an alternative method for the synthesis of an analog of natural retinal, which contains the p-fluorophenyl fragment instead of the trimethylcyclohexene ring. The proposed scheme for the synthesis of the target all-E-isomer of the target retinoid consists of using C5-phosphonate that contains the terminal nitrile group under Horner–Emmons reaction conditions. It has been shown that this scheme is more efficient and provides a higher total yield of the target product than the previously described variant. The procedure has been developed for the preparation of an analog of microbial proteorhodopsin ESRh from Exiguobacterium sibiricum, which contains a modified chromophore. It has been found that, as in the case of bacterioopsin from Halobacterium salinarum, the replacement of the trimethylcyclohexene ring in the natural chromophore by the p-fluorophenyl fragment does not prevent the formation of the artificial pigment F-Phe-ESRh from proteorhodopsin ESRh, which preserves the cycle of photochemical reactions. Certain differences have been found between the properties of native recombinant ESRh and its analog F-Phe-ESRh including a shift in the absorption maximum to the short-wavelength region, the formation of M intermediate at lower pH values, the presence of “long-lived M,” and a general slowdown in the photocycle. The reduced stability of the resulting proteorhodopsin analog F-Phe-ESRh to prolonged exposure to visible light has been also demonstrated.
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Flanagan, Dennis, and Mark Mancini. "Bimaxillary Full Arch Fixed Dental Implant Supported Treatment for a Patient With Renal Failure and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism and Osteodystrophy." Journal of Oral Implantology 41, no. 2 (April 1, 2015): e36-e43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1563/aaid-joi-d-13-00188.
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A long-term dialysis patient with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) also referred to as chronic kidney disease (CKD) due to IgA nephropathy complicated by severe secondary hyperparathyroidism and renal osteodystrophy was successfully treated with dental implant-supported fixed prostheses. Phosphate binders, vitamin D, calcium cinacalcet calcimimetic therapy, and dialysis 3 times weekly had been instituted with standard divalent ion serum assessments. Successful control of the patient's secondary hyperparathyroidism was achieved. Long and wide diameter implants were used with an anterior guidance occlusion scheme to reduce the per-square-millimeter off-axial implant force delivered to the bone. Patients with ESRD and renal osteodystrophy may be successfully surgically and prosthetically treated with long wide dental implants supporting fixed full arch splinted dental prostheses with an appropriate occlusal scheme.
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Bjørneklett, Rune, Leif Bostad, and Anne-Siri Fismen. "Prognosis and Histological Classification in Elderly Patients with ANCA-Glomerulonephritis: A Registry-Based Cohort Study." BioMed Research International 2018 (May 31, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7581567.
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Background. The value of a histologic classification scheme to classify patients with anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated glomerulonephritis (ANCA-GN) into focal, mixed, crescentic, and sclerotic types for predicting risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is well documented. However, the prognostic value of histological classification specifically in elderly patients (≥70 years) with ANCA-GN has not previously been investigated. Methods. Patients with biopsy-verified pauci-immune necrotizing glomerulonephritis were identified from the Norwegian Kidney Biopsy Registry between 1991 and 2012 and those ≥70 years of age at the time of diagnosis and having positive anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody serology were included in this study. The incidence rate of ESRD and/or death was determined by linking the study cohort to the Norwegian Renal Registry and the Population Registry of Norway. The ESRD-free survival and patient survival were compared between the 4 histological types. Results. Of the 81 patients included, 20 progressed to ESRD and 34 died. The 1-year and 5-year ESRD-free survival varied between histological groups (p = 0.003) as follows: focal, 97% and 97%, respectively; mixed, 70% and 57%; crescentic, 76% and 63%; and sclerotic, 49% and 49%. Patient survival did not differ significantly between groups (p = 0.30). Conclusion. Histological classification in elderly patients with ANCA-GN is useful for predicting ESRD but not survival.
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Bishop, Craig H., Bo Huang, and Xuguang Wang. "A Nonvariational Consistent Hybrid Ensemble Filter." Monthly Weather Review 143, no. 12 (December 1, 2015): 5073–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-14-00391.1.
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Abstract A consistent hybrid ensemble filter (CHEF) for using hybrid forecast error covariance matrices that linearly combine aspects of both climatological and flow-dependent matrices within a nonvariational ensemble data assimilation scheme is described. The CHEF accommodates the ensemble data assimilation enhancements of (i) model space ensemble covariance localization for satellite data assimilation and (ii) Hodyss’s method for improving accuracy using ensemble skewness. Like the local ensemble transform Kalman filter (LETKF), the CHEF is computationally scalable because it updates local patches of the atmosphere independently of others. Like the sequential ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), it serially assimilates batches of observations and uses perturbed observations to create ensembles of analyses. It differs from the deterministic (no perturbed observations) ensemble square root filter (ESRF) and the EnKF in that (i) its analysis correction is unaffected by the order in which observations are assimilated even when localization is required, (ii) it uses accurate high-rank solutions for the posterior error covariance matrix to serially assimilate observations, and (iii) it accommodates high-rank hybrid error covariance models. Experiments were performed to assess the effect on CHEF and ESRF analysis accuracy of these differences. In the case where both the CHEF and the ESRF used tuned localized ensemble covariances for the forecast error covariance model, the CHEF’s advantage over the ESRF increased with observational density. In the case where the CHEF used a hybrid error covariance model but the ESRF did not, the CHEF had a substantial advantage for all observational densities.
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Clavero, Rene, Alfredo Parra-Lucares, Gabriel Méndez-Valdés, Eduardo Villa, Karin Bravo, Evelyn Mondaca, Josseline Aranda, et al. "Humoral Immune Response of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac Vaccinations in Hemodialysis Patients: A Multicenter Prospective Cohort." Vaccines 10, no. 9 (September 16, 2022): 1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines10091542.
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The CoronaVac vaccine is the most used anti-SARS-CoV-2 vaccine worldwide. Previous data indicate that this vaccine produces a lower immune response than RNA vaccines such as BNT162b2. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have an increased rate of COVID-19 and a reduced immune response to vaccinations. Currently, there is little data on this population’s immune response induced by CoronaVac. Methods: This study involved a prospective cohort of ESRD patients in chronic hemodialysis who received a two-dose immunization scheme of either CoronaVac (Sinovac Biotech) or BNT162b2 vaccines (Pfizer-BioNTech). We measured the plasma levels of anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies. We determined antibody titers before immunization, 2 and 4 months after two doses, plus 4 months after a booster dose. Results: We evaluated 208 patients in three hemodialysis centers. The mean age was 62.6 ± 15.6 years, of whom 91 were female (41.75%). Eighty-one patients (38.94%) received the BNT162b2 vaccine and 127 (61.06%) received the CoronaVac vaccine. Patients who received the BNT162b2 vaccine had a higher humoral response compared to those who received the CoronaVac vaccine (4 months after the second dose: BNT162b2: 88.89%, CoronaVac: 51.97%, p < 0.001; 4 months after the booster: BNT162b2: 98.77%, CoronaVac: 86.61%, p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our results suggest that the CoronaVac vaccine induced a lower humoral response than the BNT162b2 vaccine in ESRD patients on hemodialysis.
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Changsirikulchai, Siribha, Suwannee Sriprach, Nintita Sripaiboonkij Thokanit, Jirayut Janma, Piyatida Chuengsaman, and Dhavee Sirivongs. "Survival Analysis and Associated Factors in THAI Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis under the PD-First Policy." Peritoneal Dialysis International: Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis 38, no. 3 (May 2018): 172–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3747/pdi.2017.00127.
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Background The peritoneal dialysis First (PD-First) policy means that PD is the first modality of dialysis chosen for patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), as put forth by the Universal Health Coverage (UHC) scheme. It was initiated in Thailand in 2008. Our aim is to analyze patient survival, technique survival, and associated factors. Methods Data of PD patients from January 2008 to November 2016 were studied. We calculated patient and technique survival rates (censored for death and kidney transplantation). Factors associated with survival were analyzed by the Cox proportional hazard model. Patient and technique survival rates between 2008 – 2012 and 2013 – 2016 were compared. Results Our study included 11,477 patients. The mean (standard deviation [SD]) age at initiation of PD was 54.0 (14.4) years. The level of education in 85.2% of cases was illiterate or primary school. A total of 60.9% of patients developed ESRD secondary to diabetes. The 1- to 5-year patient survival rates were 82.6, 71.8, 64.0, 58.5, and 54.0%, respectively. The first-year technique survival rate was 94.8%. The patient and technique survival rates during 2013 – 2016 were better than those seen during 2008 – 2012. Factors associated with lower patient survival rates were: female gender, increased age at start of PD, coverage with civil servant medical benefit scheme, low educational levels, and a history of diabetes. Conclusion Most patients had diabetes and low educational levels as seen in the outcomes in the previous literature. These factors impacted the survival of patients under the PD-First policy.
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Hoummi, L., N. Carmignani, L. R. Carver, F. Cianciosi, S. M. Liuzzo, T. Perron, and S. White. "Reverse bend option for a 6 GeV storage ring lattice." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2420, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 012049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2420/1/012049.
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Abstract Several high-energy synchrotron facilities adopted the Hybrid Multi-Bend Achromat scheme (HMBA) developed for the ESRF-EBS [1]. The considered lattice has been developed for a generic 6 GeV storage ring (SR) of 1100 m circumference [2]. It includes a short bending (SB) magnet at the center of the cell, and achieves a ~70 pm rad equilibrium horizontal emittance. The optics of such SR are modified introducing reverse bending magnets [3, 4] to further reduce the natural horizontal emittance to 53 pm rad. The impact of such modification on dynamic aperture and lifetime is assessed and optimized.
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Counillon, F., P. Sakov, and L. Bertino. "Application of a hybrid EnKF-OI to ocean forecasting." Ocean Science 5, no. 4 (October 1, 2009): 389–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/os-5-389-2009.
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Abstract. Data assimilation methods often use an ensemble to represent the background error covariance. Two approaches are commonly used; a simple one with a static ensemble, or a more advanced one with a dynamic ensemble. The latter is often non-practical due to its high computational requirements. Some recent studies suggested using a hybrid covariance, which is a linear combination of the covariances represented by a static and a dynamic ensemble. Here, the use of the hybrid covariance is first extensively tested with a quasi-geostrophic model and with different analysis schemes, namely the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and the Ensemble Square Root Filter (ESRF). The hybrid covariance ESRF (ESRF-OI) is more accurate and more stable than the hybrid covariance EnKF (EnKF-OI), but the overall conclusions are similar regardless of the analysis scheme used. The benefits of using the hybrid covariance are large compared to both the static and the dynamic methods with a small dynamic ensemble. The benefits over the dynamic methods become negligible, but remain, for large dynamic ensembles. The optimal value of the hybrid blending coefficient appears to decrease exponentially with the size of the dynamic ensemble. Finally, we consider a realistic application with the assimilation of altimetry data in a hybrid coordinate ocean model (HYCOM) for the Gulf of Mexico, during the shedding of Eddy Yankee (2006). A 10-member EnKF-OI is compared to a 10-member EnKF and a static method called the Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI). While 10 members seem insufficient for running the EnKF, the 10-member EnKF-OI reduces the forecast error compared to the EnOI, and improves the positions of the fronts.
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Counillon, F., P. Sakov, and L. Bertino. "Application of a hybrid EnKF-OI to ocean forecasting." Ocean Science Discussions 6, no. 1 (April 15, 2009): 653–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/osd-6-653-2009.
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Abstract. Data assimilation methods often use an ensemble to represent the background error covariance. Two approaches are commonly used; a simple one with a static ensemble, or a more advanced one with a dynamic ensemble. The latter is often non-practical due to its high computational requirements. Some recent studies suggested using a hybrid covariance, which is a linear combination of the covariances represented by a static and a dynamic ensemble. Here, the use of the hybrid covariance is first extensively tested with a quasi-geostrophic model and with different analysis schemes, namely the Ensemble Kalman Filter (EnKF) and the Ensemble Square Root Filter (ESRF). The hybrid covariance ESRF (ESRF-OI) is more accurate and more stable than the hybrid covariance EnKF (EnKF-OI), but the overall conclusions are similar regardless of the analysis scheme used. The benefits of using the hybrid covariance are large compared to both the static and the dynamic methods with a small dynamic ensemble. The benefits over the dynamic methods become negligible, but remain, for large dynamic ensembles. The optimal value of the hybrid blending coefficient appears to decrease exponentially with the size of the dynamic ensemble. Finally, we consider a realistic application with the assimilation of altimetry data in a hybrid coordinate ocean model (HYCOM) for the Gulf of Mexico, during the shedding of Eddy Yankee (2006). A 10-member EnKF-OI is compared to a 10-member EnKF and a static method called the Ensemble Optimal Interpolation (EnOI). While 10 members seem insufficient for running the EnKF, the 10-member EnKF-OI reduces the forecast error compared to the EnOI, and improves the positions of the fronts.
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Collonge, M., P. Busca, P. Fajardo, and M. Williams. "Monte Carlo simulations for XIDer, a novel digital integration X-ray detector for the next generation of synchrotron radiation sources." Journal of Instrumentation 17, no. 01 (January 1, 2022): C01037. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1748-0221/17/01/c01037.
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Abstract This work presents the first simulation results of the incremental digital integration readout, a charge-integrating front-end scheme with in-pixel digitisation and accumulation. This novel readout concept is at the core of the XIDer (X-ray Integrating Detector) project, which aims to design 2D pixelated X-ray detectors optimised for high energy scattering and diffraction applications for the next generation of synchrotron radiation sources such as the ESRF Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS). The digital integration readout and the XIDer detector open the possibilities for high-duty-cycle operation under very high photon flux, fast frame-rate and high dynamic range with single-photon sensitivity in the 30–100 keV energy range. The readout method allows for noise-free effective X-ray detection. The digital integration concept is currently under investigation to evaluate the impact of main critical design parameters to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the readout scheme and consequently to propose refinements in the final implementation. Simulations have been performed with a dedicated Monte Carlo simulation tool, X-DECIMO, a modular Python package designed to recreate the complete detection chain of X-ray detectors for synchrotron radiation experiments. Losses and non-linearities of the readout scheme are simulated and quantified. In addition to presenting simulation results for this novel readout scheme, this work underlines the potential of the approach and some of its limitations.
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Influenza Project Team. "Oseltamivir resistance in human seasonal influenza viruses (A/H1N1) in EU and EFTA countries: an update." Eurosurveillance 13, no. 6 (February 7, 2008): 5–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.13.06.08032-en.
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Following the publications in Eurosurveillance on 31 January [1,2], the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS), the World Health Organization (WHO) and their partners have agreed to update the data on the occurrence of resistance of influenza A/H1N1 viruses to oseltamivir appearing on the ECDC and EISS websites on a weekly basis (every Thursday afternoon). Data on the ECDC website are for European Union (EU) and European Free Trade Association (EFTA) countries. The WHO has also published a global table, which it will also refresh weekly. All these data are available through an HTML page on the ECDC web-site [3]. The European data made available through EISS and the EU DG Research-funded European Surveillance Network for Vigilance Against Viral Resistance (VIRGIL) are based on the data that have been uploaded to the EISS antiviral resistance data-base by a fixed time on a Wednesday for publication on a Thursday.
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Schmid, D., H. Holzmann, C. Alfery, H. Wallenko, T. H. Popow-Kraupp, and F. Allerberger. "Mumps outbreak in young adults following a festival in Austria, 2006." Eurosurveillance 13, no. 7 (February 14, 2008): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.13.07.08042-en.
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Mumps is not a mandatorily notifiable disease in Austria. However, in the first week of May 2006, a sudden increase in serologically confirmed cases of mumps, confined to three public health districts of the southern Austrian province of Carinthia, was identified by the Austrian Reference laboratory for MMR. An epidemiological investigation of this cluster of mumps cases was performed. A total of 214 cases fulfilled the outbreak case definition; 143 cases were laboratory confirmed and 71 cases were epidemiologically linked and fulfilled the clinical picture of the case definition. The vaccination status was known for 169 patients. Nearly half of the cases for whom the vaccination status was known occurred in non-vaccinated persons, another 40% were vaccinated with one dose of the vaccine and 11% had received two doses. Only four mumps cases occurred in children aged 14 years or younger, indicating that the vaccination coverage and the acceptance of the recommended childhood vaccinations have strongly improved within the past 15 years. Vaccination scheme failure but not vaccine failure is primarily to blame for this mumps outbreak.
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Kachynskyi, A. B., and M. S. Stremetska. "Operational analytics as a data monitoring and event management tool of the cyber security management systems." Reports of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, no. 1 (February 2021): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/dopovidi2021.01.009.
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With growing demand for the digitalization of data collection, transmission, processing and storage processes in all life spheres of individual, society, and state, there is an urgent need to construct an infrastructure of infor-mation transmission networks which can provide a secure connection between endpoints and data centers. These networks must have high availability and provide the fast and efficient processing of information requests, espe-cially in case of critical infrastructure networks. A structural functional scheme of data management for SIEM systems which includes straight and reverse relations between physical, mathematical and analytical levels is proposed, based on the stratum theory by M. Messarovich. A model of multilevel system for the data monito ring and cyber security event management is built in order to provide a systematic approach to maintain the safety state of complex systems and to ensure mechanisms for the operative real-time cyber security incident response.
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Sztucki, Michael, Joachim Leonardon, Pierre Van Vaerenbergh, Jacques Gorini, Peter Boesecke, and Theyencheri Narayanan. "Development of a crystal collimation system for high-resolution ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering applications." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 26, no. 2 (January 25, 2019): 439–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518016892.
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Crystal collimation offers a viable alternative to the commonly used pinhole collimation in small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for specific applications requiring highest angular resolution. This scheme is not affected by the parasitic scattering and diffraction-limited beam broadening. The Darwin width of the rocking curve of the crystals mainly defines the ultimate beam divergence. For this purpose, a dispersive Si-111 crystal collimation set-up based on two well conditioned pseudo channel-cut crystals (pairs of well polished, independent parallel crystals) using a higher-order reflection (Si-333) has been developed. The gain in resolution is obtained at the expense of flux. The system has been installed at the TRUSAXS beamline ID02 (ESRF) for reducing the horizontal beam divergence in high-resolution mesurements. The precise mechanics of the system allows reproducible alignment of the Bragg condition. The high resolution achieved at a sample–detector distance of 31 m is demonstrated by ultra-small-angle X-ray scattering measurements on a model system consisting of micrometre-sized polystyrene latex particles with low polydispersity.
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Glatzel, Pieter. "MHz pump and probe combined with XAS-XES." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314098726.
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We implemented a MHz pump and probe scheme on beamline ID26 of the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility. The laser runs at 1.4 MHz in the ESRF 16b mode and thus pumps every fourth pulse with ca. 15 uJ per pulse and 350 fs pulse length. The beamline hosts an X-ray emission spectrometer and thus allows combining resonant inelastic X-ray scattering with a MHz pump and probe schemes. The scattered X-rays are recorded with an avalanche photodiode in single photon counting mode. We measured the transient spectra of the spin cross-over transition in [Fe(bpy)3]Cl2 of the non-resonant Ka lines and of 1s2p resonant inelastic X-ray scattering (RIXS) at the K absorption pre-edge of Fe. The Ka transient spectrum can be readily modeled using crystal field multiplet calculations because the spectra mainly depend on the Fe spin state. The 1s2p RIXS is richer in information because it also probes the unoccupied molecular orbitals and a theoretical interpretation is more challenging.
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Wu, Qiong, Hong-Qing Wang, Yin-Jing Lin, Yi-Zhou Zhuang, and Yan Zhang. "Deriving AMVs from Geostationary Satellite Images Using Optical Flow Algorithm Based on Polynomial Expansion." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 8 (August 2016): 1727–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-16-0013.1.
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AbstractAn optical flow algorithm based on polynomial expansion (OFAPE) was used to derive atmospheric motion vectors (AMVs) from geostationary satellite images. In OFAPE, there are two parameters that can affect the AMV results: the sizes of the expansion window and optimization window. They should be determined according to the temporal interval and spatial resolution of satellite images. A helpful experiment was conducted for selecting those sizes. The limitations of window sizes can cause loss of strong wind speed, and an image-pyramid scheme was used to overcome this problem. Determining the heights of AMVs for semitransparent cloud pixels (STCPs) is challenging work in AMV derivation. In this study, two-dimensional histograms (H2Ds) between infrared brightness temperatures (6.7- and 10.8-μm channels) formed from a long time series of cloud images were used to identify the STCPs and to estimate their actual temperatures/heights. The results obtained from H2Ds were contrasted with CloudSat radar reflectivity and CALIPSO cloud-feature mask data. Finally, in order to verify the algorithm adaptability, three-month AMVs (JJA 2013) were calculated and compared with the wind fields of ERA data and the NOAA/ESRL radiosonde observations in three aspects: speed, direction, and vector difference.
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Williams, M., P. Busca, M. Collonge, P. Fajardo, P. Fischer, T. Martin, M. Ritzert, M. Ruat, and D. Schimansky. "XIDER: a novel X-ray detector for the next generation of high-energy synchrotron radiation sources." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2380, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012091. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2380/1/012091.
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Abstract Next-generation sources of synchrotron radiation pose significant challenges for 2D pixelated X-ray detectors, such as at the ESRF Extremely Brilliant Source (EBS), the first fourth-generation high-energy synchrotron facility. In particular, scattering and diffraction experiments require fast detectors with a high dynamic range, from single photon sensitivity to pile-up conditions under very high photon fluxes. Furthermore, in the case of high-energy applications, the high-Z sensor materials needed for efficient photon detection introduce other difficulties. Leakage current, bias- and flux-induced polarisation, and afterglow all must be carefully managed for the detector system to reach the required specifications. The XIDER project aims to fulfil the needs of the above-mentioned applications by implementing a novel incremental digital integration readout scheme. XIDER detectors seek to operate efficiently under the high-flux EBS beam of up to 100 keV photons, with a time resolution that can cope with near-continuous and pulsed beams. Simultaneously, non-constant leakage current contributions can be removed for noise-free single photon detection, resulting in a very high dynamic range. This contribution presents the recent developments of the XIDER project, including the first characterisation measurements with cadmium telluride sensors.
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Theobald, Rachel, Sioban SenGupta, and Joyce Harper. "The status of preimplantation genetic testing in the UK and USA." Human Reproduction 35, no. 4 (April 2020): 986–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deaa034.
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Abstract STUDY QUESTION Has the number of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT) cycles in the UK and USA changed between 2014 and 2016? SUMMARY ANSWER From 2014 to 2016, the number of PGT cycles in the UK has remained the same at just under 2% but in the USA has increased from 13% to 27%. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY PGT was introduced as a treatment option for couples at risk of transmitting a known genetic or chromosomal abnormality to their child. This technology has also been applied as an embryo selection tool in the hope of increasing live birth rates per transfer. ART cycles are monitored in the UK by the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Authority (HFEA) and in the USA by the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART). Globally, data are monitored via the ESHRE PGT Consortium. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION This cross-sectional study used the HFEA and SART databases to analyse PGT cycle data and make comparisons with IVF data to examine the success of and changes in patient treatment pathways. Both data sets were analysed from 2014 to 2016. The UK data included 3385 PGT cycles and the USA data included 94 935 PGT cycles. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS Following an extensive review of both databases, filters were applied to analyse the data. An assessment of limitations of each database was also undertaken, taking into account data collection by the ESHRE PGT Consortium. In the UK and USA, the publicly available information from these datasets cannot be separated into different indications. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE The proportion of PGT cycles as a total of ART procedures has remained the same in the UK but increased annually in the USA from 13% to 27%. Between 2014 and 2016 inclusive, 3385 PGT cycles have been performed in the UK, resulting in 1074 PGT babies being born. In the USA 94 935 PGT cycles have been performed, resulting in 26 822 babies being born. This gave a success rate per egg collection for PGT of 32% for the UK and 28% for the USA. Analysis of the data by maternal age shows very different patient populations between the UK and USA. These differences may be related to the way PGT is funded in the UK and USA and the lack of HFEA support for PGT for aneuploidy. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION Data reported by the HFEA and SART have different limitations. As undertaken by the ESHRE PGT Consortium, both data sets should separate PGT data by indication. Although the HFEA collects data from all IVF clinics in the UK, SART data only represent 83% of clinics in the USA. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS Worldwide, a consistent reporting scheme is required in which success rates can convey the effectiveness of PGT approaches for all indications. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) No specific funding was obtained and there are no competing interests to declare that are directly related to this project. Joyce Harper is the director of the Embryology and PGD Academy, which offers education in these fields.
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Fu, Hongli, Xinrong Wu, Wei Li, Yuanfu Xie, Guijun Han, and Shaoqing Zhang. "Reconstruction of Typhoon Structure Using 3-Dimensional Doppler Radar Radial Velocity Data with the Multigrid Analysis: A Case Study in an Idealized Simulation Context." Advances in Meteorology 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2170746.
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Extracting multiple-scale observational information is critical for accurately reconstructing the structure of mesoscale circulation systems such as typhoon. The Space and Time Mesoscale Analysis System (STMAS) with multigrid data assimilation developed in Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL) in National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has addressed this issue. Previous studies have shown the capability of STMAS to retrieve multiscale information in 2-dimensional Doppler radar radial velocity observations. This study explores the application of 3-dimensional (3D) Doppler radar radial velocities with STMAS for reconstructing a 3D typhoon structure. As for the first step, here, we use an idealized simulation framework. A two-scale simulated “typhoon” field is constructed and referred to as “truth,” from which randomly distributed conventional wind data and 3D Doppler radar radial wind data are generated. These data are used to reconstruct the synthetic 3D “typhoon” structure by the STMAS and the traditional 3D variational (3D-Var) analysis. The degree by which the “truth” 3D typhoon structure is recovered is an assessment of the impact of the data type or analysis scheme being evaluated. We also examine the effects of weak constraint and strong constraint on STMAS analyses. Results show that while the STMAS is superior to the traditional 3D-Var for reconstructing the 3D typhoon structure, the strong constraint STMAS can produce better analyses on both horizontal and vertical velocities.
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Esikova, Viktoriya. "Development of a geoinformation system for monitoring the reproduction of the Russian population." InterCarto. InterGIS 28, no. 2 (2022): 203–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.35595/2414-9179-2022-2-28-203-216.
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In the last decades of the XX–XXI centuries. in Russia, the nature of the formation of the population as a whole in the country and in its regions in particular has changed. During the post-Soviet period, the country is undergoing a deep demographic crisis, depopulation processes have been actively developed. In this regard, it becomes relevant to conduct a study on monitoring the reproduction of the Russian population. Monitoring based on geographic information systems has a number of advantages in processing and interpreting a large array of spatial data. The article shows the experience of creating a conceptual scheme of a geoinformation monitoring system, methods of geoinformation modeling, formation of the structure of a spatial database, a necessary element of geoinformation monitoring. The conceptual scheme of the geoinformation monitoring system is based on the development of a geoinformation modeling technique, the creation of a spatial data base and the formation of a geoinformation monitoring structure. The creation of a geoinformation monitoring system is supposed to be based on the Esri ArcGis Online platform, a database management system (DBMS)—PostgreSQL 10. The geoinformation modeling technique used in the work includes the creation of a spatial database, building models in geoinformation systems, and analyzing the results of geomodeling. For geomodeling and the subsequent creation of maps, a number of the most common methods and methods are used: typological, the method of cartographic anamorphic images, the method of qualitative and quantitative background, methods of areas, cartograms, ranges of values, the method of movement of arrows, etc. The spatial database is a subsystem for geoinformation monitoring of regional features of the reproduction of the Russian population and is designed to collect, organize, store and update data. The possibilities of geoinformation systems for monitoring the reproduction of the Russian population, methods and methods of modeling in geoinformation systems are considered. As a result, a database of spatial data “Reproduction of the population in Russia” was created and a series of spatio-temporal models was built. The trends in the reproduction of the population of the post-Soviet period are analyzed with the identification of the main periods in the transformation of the reproduction of the population, a typology of regions is carried out, taking into account the ratio of natural and migration growth and their contribution to the dynamics of the total population.
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Corazza, M., P. Bergamaschi, A. T. Vermeulen, T. Aalto, L. Haszpra, F. Meinhardt, S. O'Doherty, et al. "Inverse modelling of European N<sub>2</sub>O emissions: assimilating observations from different networks." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 10, no. 11 (November 5, 2010): 26319–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-10-26319-2010.
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Abstract. We describe the setup and first results of an inverse modelling system for atmospheric N2O, based on a four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) technique and the atmospheric transport zoom model TM5. We focus in this study on the European domain, utilizing a comprehensive set of quasi-continuous measurements over Europe, complemented by N2O measurements from the Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/ESRL) cooperative global air sampling network. Despite ongoing measurement comparisons among networks parallel measurements at a limited number of stations show that significant offsets exist among the different laboratories. Since the spatial gradients of N2O mixing ratios are of the same order of magnitude as these biases, the direct use of these biased datasets would lead to significant errors in the derived emissions. Therefore, in order to also use measurements with unknown offsets, a new bias correction scheme has been implemented within the TM5-4DVAR inverse modelling system, thus allowing the simultaneous assimilation of observations from different networks. The N2O bias corrections determined in the TM5-4DVAR system agree within 0.1 ppb (dry-air mole fraction) with the bias derived from the measurements at monitoring stations where parallel NOAA discrete air samples are available. The N2O emissions derived for the northwest European countries for 2006 show good agreement with the bottom-up emission inventories reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Moreover, the inverse model can significantly narrow the uncertainty range reported in N2O emission inventories, while the lack of measurements does not allow for better emission estimates in southern Europe. Several sensitivity experiments were performed to test the robustness of the results. It is shown that also inversions without detailed a priori spatio-temporal emission distributions are capable to reproduce major regional emission patterns within the footprint of the existing atmospheric network, demonstrating the strong constraints of the atmospheric observations on the derived emissions.
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Corazza, M., P. Bergamaschi, A. T. Vermeulen, T. Aalto, L. Haszpra, F. Meinhardt, S. O'Doherty, et al. "Inverse modelling of European N<sub>2</sub>O emissions: assimilating observations from different networks." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 11, no. 5 (March 15, 2011): 2381–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-11-2381-2011.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. We describe the setup and first results of an inverse modelling system for atmospheric N2O, based on a four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) technique and the atmospheric transport zoom model TM5. We focus in this study on the European domain, utilizing a comprehensive set of quasi-continuous measurements over Europe, complemented by N2O measurements from the Earth System Research Laboratory of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA/ESRL) cooperative global air sampling network. Despite ongoing measurement comparisons among networks parallel measurements at a limited number of stations show that significant offsets exist among the different laboratories. Since the spatial gradients of N2O mixing ratios are of the same order of magnitude as these biases, the direct use of these biased datasets would lead to significant errors in the derived emissions. Therefore, in order to also use measurements with unknown offsets, a new bias correction scheme has been implemented within the TM5-4DVAR inverse modelling system, thus allowing the simultaneous assimilation of observations from different networks. The N2O bias corrections determined in the TM5-4DVAR system agree within ~0.1 ppb (dry-air mole fraction) with the bias derived from the measurements at monitoring stations where parallel NOAA discrete air samples are available. The N2O emissions derived for the northwest European and east European countries for 2006 show good agreement with the bottom-up emission inventories reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). Moreover, the inverse model can significantly narrow the uncertainty range reported in N2O emission inventories for these countries, while the lack of measurements does not allow to reduce the uncertainties of emission estimates in southern Europe. Several sensitivity experiments were performed to test the robustness of the results. It is shown that also inversions without detailed a priori spatio-temporal emission distributions are capable to reproduce major regional emission patterns within the footprint of the existing atmospheric network, demonstrating the strong constraints of the atmospheric observations on the derived emissions.
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Pomazan, A. V., N. V. Maigurova, and O. M. Kozhuhov. "TIME AND GEOLOCATION UNCERTAINTIES AS COMPONENTS OF THE ACCURACY OF NEAS’ GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS." Odessa Astronomical Publications 35 (December 14, 2022): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18524/1810-4215.2022.35.268214.
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The one of main tasks for solving the as teroid-cometary hazard problem is cataloging all objects that might come extremely close to Earth and pose a poten tial threat of collision. The reliability of their orbits significantly depends on the quality and the statistical treatment of astrometric observations, which are obtained by different observers and different techniques. Statistical analysis of the IAU MPC observational array of the small Solar system bodies and the development of a scheme for assigning weights to individual observation sets are im portant for performing asteroid orbit determination and refinement. Errors in the positions of asteroids associated with errors in the reference catalogs, observation epoch, observed brightness and rate of motion are considered in sufficient detail in investigations of Chesley et al. (2010), Farnocchia (2015), Vereš et al. (2017). Timing and geolo cation uncertainties of the observer are less discussed in the literature. But in the case of observations of NEAs, espe cially at the moments of the close approaches to the Earth, timing errors and errors in the observatory's geolocation can significantly affect the accuracy of the obtained positions. Residual differences (O - C) in the equatorial coordinate system are usually used to search and identify functional errors dependencies. To detect errors caused by timing uncertainties, instead of residual differences (О - С) in equatorial coordinates, it is more convenient to use their along-track and cross-track representation. The cross-track differences are independent of timing errors and indicate only astrometric errors. On the other hand, timing errors are fully contained in the along-track component. Here we present the simulation results of such errors and analysis using an array of observations from three observatories for the period 2017 - 2022. The array con tains more than 18,000 positions of about 900 objects. Most of the objects belong to the group of NEAs, which include PHAs during close approaches to the Earth.
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Venter, Pieter M. "Die skuldgebed in Esra 9:6-15." HTS Teologiese Studies / Theological Studies 61, no. 1/2 (October 9, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/hts.v61i1/2.420.
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The penitential prayer in Ezra 9:6-15The penitential prayer is a traditional Gattung used in ancient Israel. The prayer of Ezra 9:6-15 bears all the characteristic marks of this genre. In this prayer a historical scheme and themes such as “the land” are used to depict the Judean community’s sin. In a study of its literary structure, macro narrative context and socio historic background, this article shows that the confession in the prayer in reality is a liturgical strategy to proclaim Yahweh’s righteousness in his relationship with his people. Rather than imploring God, the community of faith expresses its belief in God and their identity as God’s own people in this prayer.
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Putri, Septiara, Ryan R. Nugraha, Eka Pujiyanti, Hasbullah Thabrany, Hanifah Hasnur, Novita D. Istanti, Diah Evasari, and Afiatin. "Supporting dialysis policy for end stage renal disease (ESRD) in Indonesia: an updated cost-effectiveness model." BMC Research Notes 15, no. 1 (December 6, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13104-022-06252-4.
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Abstract Objective Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and hemodialysis (HD) are main modalities for end stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, and those have been covered by National Health Insurance (NHI) scheme since 2014 in Indonesia. This study aims to update the cost-effectiveness model of CAPD versus HD in Indonesia setting. Results Compared to HD, CAPD provides good value for money among ESRD patients in Indonesia. Using societal perspective, the total costs were IDR 1,348,612,118 (USD 95,504) and IDR 1,368,447,750 (USD 96,908), for CAPD and HD, respectively. The QALY was slightly different between two modalities, 4.79 for CAPD versus 4.22 for HD. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) yields savings of IDR 34,723,527/QALY (USD 2460).
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Thammatacharee, Noppakun, Anne Mills, Dorothea Nitsch, and Adisorn Lumpaopong. "The changing patterns of access overtime to the renal replacement therapy programme in Thailand." Health Policy and Planning, October 11, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czz121.
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Abstract Based on projected numbers, approximately only 50% of those requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) receive it. Many patients who require RRT live in low- and middle-income countries. The objective of this study was to examine the changing pattern over time of entry into the RRT programme in Thailand following RRT’s inclusion in the Universal Coverage Scheme. This study was an ecological study using the age-period-cohort analysis to look at dialysis registration and kidney transplant trends during RRT programme implementation. Data from 2008 to 2016 of patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) were obtained from the National Health Security Office. The study found that the numbers of new patients with ESRD, aged 20–69, registered with the dialysis programme increased over time. For patients aged 20–40 years, the dialysis programme took up to 400 new patients for every 1000 new ESRD diagnoses. For kidney transplant, the rates increased slowly. The kidney transplant programme could at best treat only around 50 cases for every 1000 new ESRD diagnoses in patients aged 20–30 years. Findings of this study highlighted the importance of promoting strategies to reduce the increasing number of patients with kidney disease, to consider conservative therapy for older/frail patients, and to improve access to kidney transplantation and live-donation.
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Naik, Gangadhar, Virendra Ligade, Shankar Prasad, Vasudeva Guddattu, and Sreedhar D. "Healthcare schemes for Hemodialysis patients in India: An Overview and Utilization in selected hospitals." Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, October 21, 2022, 4382–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52711/0974-360x.2022.00735.
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In India, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) complications have attained pervasive dimensions, and it is estimated that rates of illness will continue to increase in the future. When both kidneys are failing, it is like being sentenced to death and lifetime hemodialysis (HD) is the only possible solution. Hardly 10% of sufferers from ESRD throughout India are obtaining HD because of the difficulties encountered. The ESRD catastrophe in the young generation of working professionals is a huge socio-economical concern. End-stage renal failure is a result of various non-contagious ailments. As per the worldwide incidence of illness, chronic renal impairment was the ninth greatest standard trigger of the disease in India. Annually in India, encounter about 2.2 lakhs new patients with kidney disorders. The main impediments in obtaining proper therapy inter alia are enormous costs in corporate hospitals, facilities for the treatment in metro cities, a confined number of Nephrologists, etc. Approximately 4950 hemodialysis hubs are located under corporate stakeholders in India. Every single hemodialysis costs approx. INR 2000, which when calculated costs about INR 3-4 LPA. HD is effective medical care for ESRD. The outlay is at all the time important problem for HD sufferers. Moreover, the majority of the hemodialysis patients require an attendant from family amounting to a further increase in the cost. It has been considered that in respect of both, determining these life-significant life-saving techniques as well as for diminishing destitution on the attention of ongoing costs for sufferers, a healthcare scheme is imperative for hemodialysis patients. Renal replacement therapy (RRT) treatment within India is largely a privatize medical assistance enterprise making this a costly therapy option because of huge out-of-pocket outlays. At this stage, the vast majority of HD sufferers in India die without obtaining a suitable prognosis. There are a handful of healthcare schemes provided by the Central Government, State Governments, NGOs, and even hospitals. However, there is a dire need to bring awareness among the public and the benefits that each scheme provides.
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Domyshev, A., D. Sidorov, and D. Panasetsky. "An Improved Two-Stage Optimization Procedure for Optimal Power Flow Calculation." Energy Systems Research, no. 1(9) (July 31, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.38028/esr.2020.01.0005.
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The paper focuses on the problem of optimal power flow. Minimized production and transmission costs were considered to design an optimal power flow search method based on the novel two-stage optimization procedure that takes into account the voltage and power constraints. As a result, the efficient optimum search method for the non-convex optimal power flow problem is proposed and implemented. The efficient L-BFGS-B optimization algorithm is employed to allow for the constraints. The stochastic modification of the global optimization algorithm of the Lipschitz function was used in the first stage to improve the L-BFGS-B method. Two illustrative examples on the IEEE 118-bus test scheme and real regional grid demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed two-stage optimization procedure. The possibility of taking into account the renewable sources in the proposed optimal power flow algorithm is briefly discussed
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Chen, Yong-Xi, Xiao-Ning An, and Zhao-Nan Wei. "P0124PREDICTIVE VALUE OF RENAL RISK SCORE AND CHRONICITY SCORE IN PREDICTING RENAL OUTCOME IN ANCA ASSOCIATED GLOMERULONEPHRITIS." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, Supplement_3 (June 1, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p0124.
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Abstract Background and Aims Renal Risk Score (RRS) and Chronicity Score (CS) are both newly proposed tools to predict End stage renal disease (ESRD) which could be applicable in Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA) associated glomerulonephritis (AGN) patients. Their predictive value has not been fully studied and compared. Method Patients with newly biopsy-proven AGN at Department of Nephrology, Ruijin Hospital were retrospectively studied. Patients were evaluated with RRS and CS for clinical factors, pathological lesions and outcome. Their predictive value of renal survival was also compared with 2010 histological classification. Results There were 252 AGN patients enrolled in current study, including 212 MPA, 12 GPA, 4 EGPA and 24 renal limited vasculitis (RLV). In current study, the median serum creatinine of patients at diagnosis was 245.5 μmol/L (IQR 128-487.5 μmol/L) and median eGFR was 20.3 ml/min (IQR 9-45.3 ml/min). Fifty (19.8%) patients required dialysis at disease onset. The median RRS score at diagnosis was 6 (IQR 0-9) and CS score was 4 (IQR 3-7). During up to 217 months of follow-up (mean 63.9 months), 71(28.2%) patients progressed to end stage renal disease (ESRD) and required renal replacement therapy. Significant differences were found regarding dialysis dependency within RRS and CS groups (p<0.001 and p<0.01 respectively). The C statistic of the predictive models was 0.828 (95% CI, 0.775-0.880) for developing ESRD required renal replacement therapy. The addition of RRS or CS scoring scheme to the model significantly improved discrimination. Compared with the 2010 histopathological classification, RRS and CS both showed adequate and similar discrimination, but significantly greater discrimination than 2010 histopathological classification. Conclusion Among AGN patients, RRS and CS achieved similar discrimination, but the discrimination of RRS was superior.
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Sharapov, Olimkhon. "MO873THE STRUCTURE OF DEATH IN PATIENTS WITH ESRD ON DIALYSIS." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 36, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfab098.0065.
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Abstract Background and Aims According to the ERA-EDTA, mortality from cardiovascular complications (CVC) among CKD patients on programmed hemodialysis (HD) is about 30 times higher than in the same age groups in the general population. More than 50% of deaths in patients with end-stage renal failure (ESRD) receiving renal replacement therapy are due to cardiovascular (CV) causes. The ratio of the remaining causes varies from country to country. In this regard, it is of interest to study the causes of death of patients with ESRD in Uzbekistan. Method We prospectively followed the course of 200 patients with end-stage CKD who received programmed hemodialysis in three different centers of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 24 months (from January 2018 to January 2020). All patients received hemodialysis according to the same scheme - 12 hours a week, through an arteriovenous fistula in the forearm. During this period, 72 patients died (40 men and 32 women). The average age of the deceased was 53.6 ± 1.6 years (M ± m). The main primary disease was chronic glomerulonephritis. It was 45.8% (n = 33) of all dialysis patients. Diabetes mellitus ranked second - 27.8% (n = 20). Other causes were urolithiasis - 9.7% (n = 7), pyelonephritis - 5.6% (n = 4), ADPKD - 4.2% (n = 3), vasculitis - 4.2% (n = 3 ), lupus - 2.7% (n = 2). To identify the cause of death, the medical history and the results of the pathological examination were analyzed. Results Among the deceased, 68.1% (n = 49) of patients had cardiovascular diseases in their medical records, while 31.9% (n = 23) did not have CVD. 43.1% (n = 31) of patients died during the first year of follow-up, the remaining 56.9% (n = 41) died within 2 years. The main cause of death of patients was sudden cardiac death, which accounted for 61.1% (n = 44) of all deaths. 18.1% (n = 13) of patients died as a result of acute respiratory failure. In 6.9% (n = 5) cases, the cause of death was acute myocardial infarction. Death due to hepatic coma and stroke accounted for 5.6% (n = 4) of patients who died. 2 (2.7%) patients died as a result of acute bleeding(figure 1). When analyzing the structure of death of the examined patients, depending on the presence or absence of cardiovascular pathology, it was revealed that the main cause in both groups was also sudden cardiac death. But, at the same time, in patients with CVD, sudden cardiac death was 63% (n = 30) of all causes of death, while in patients without CVD, it was 59% (n = 14) the cause of all deaths. Acute respiratory failure as a cause of death was detected more in patients without CVD. 29% (n = 7) of patients died from this complication, while in patients with CVD this indicator was 13% (n = 6). All cases of acute myocardial infarction (n = 5) were observed in patients with CVD (10%). Deaths due to stroke and coma were also more common in patients with CVD(figure 2). Conclusion According to our study, dialysis patients with CKD die mainly due to cardiovascular accidents (more than 80%). The main place in the structure of death is taken by sudden cardiac death, which is the cause of death for more than 60% of deceased patients. Other causes were acute respiratory failure, acute myocardial infarction, coma, stroke, and acute bleeding. Patients who already had CVD more than 2 times more often die from cardiovascular complications than patients who did not have CVD.
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Foley, Erin, Rachel Moriarty, and Kerys Martin. "Needs of early-career professionals in STM: Findings from two surveys." European Science Editing 48 (May 26, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/ese.2022.e79315.
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Background: The Early Career Publishers Committee (ECPC) of the STM Association (the International Association of Scientific, Technical, and Medical Publishers)’s Early Career Publishers Committee (ECPC) aims to engage, and provide tools and resources for, early-career publishers (ECPs) and professionals. The committee believes it is important to survey the community regularly to understand the background, needs, and concerns of its members to better achieve the committee’s goals. Objectives: Early-career professionals were surveyed in 2014 and 2020: the first survey was undertaken to get a baseline understanding of the community and to guide the newly formed ECPC whereas the second not only sought to review some aspects of the first survey but also to identify and explore ways to improve engagement and support through new or revised survey questions. Methods: The two surveys were conducted online through the ECPC mailing list and social networks. The surveys were voluntary, with the option to skip some questions, and responses – some in the form of a rating scale – were collected anonymously. Each survey remained open for over a month to maximize responses, but neither was pretested. Some questions in the first survey were revised in the second in the light of learnings from the first survey. Results: Most of respondents were women, 25–54 years old, from the UK or the US, with higher degrees, and working in editorial roles. In the second survey, many respondents were interested in developing their career either in their current role or in a different one, and nearly half were actively seeking a new role. Over half said that finding the right role was a challenge. Many had never participated in a publishing-related mentoring scheme, and most had not heard of the STM mentoring scheme before. Conclusions: More tools, resources, and outreach for entry-level and younger industry members, for those from countries outside the UK and US, and for those seeking to develop their careers may be useful in the future. The mentoring scheme could be publicized more prominently to drive engagement. A new survey will be needed in the next 2–3 years, given the potential impact of the COVID-19 global pandemic on the number of respondents in the second (2020) survey and their motivation.
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Chen, Tz-Heng, Yuan-Chia Chu, Shuo-Ming Ou, and Der-Cherng Tarng. "Associations of atrial fibrillation with renal function decline in patients with chronic kidney disease." Heart, June 30, 2021, heartjnl—2021–319297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/heartjnl-2021-319297.
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BackgroundChronic kidney disease (CKD) is known to increase the risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) development, but the relationship between AF and subsequent renal function decline in patients with CKD is not well understood. In this study, we explored the role of AF on renal outcomes among patients with CKD.MethodsIn a retrospective hospital-based cohort study, we identified patients with CKD aged ≥20 years from 1 January 2008 to 31 December 2018. The patients were divided into AF and non-AF groups. We matched each patient with CKD and AF to two non-AF CKD controls according to propensity scores. The outcomes of interest included estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) decline of ≥20%, ≥30%, ≥40% and ≥50%, and end-stage renal disease (ESRD).ResultsAfter propensity score matching, 6731 patients with AF and 13 462 matched controls were included in the analyses. Compared with the non-AF group, the AF group exhibited greater risks of eGFR decline ≥20% (HR 1.43; 95% CI 1.33 to 1.53), ≥30% (HR 1.50; 95% CI 1.36 to 1.66), ≥40% (HR 1.62; 95% CI 1.41 to 1.85) and ≥50% (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.50 to 2.20), and ESRD (HR 1.22; 95% CI 1.12 to 1.34). Higher CHA2DS2-VASc scores were associated with greater risks of eGFR decline and ESRD.ConclusionsIn patients with CKD, AF was associated with greater risks of subsequent renal function decline. CHA2DS2-VASc scores may be a useful risk stratification scheme for predicting the risk of renal function decline.
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Uphoff, H., S. Geis, A. Grüber, and A. M. Hauri. "What will the next influenza season bring about: seasonal influenza or the new A(H1N1)v? An analysis of German influenza surveillance data." Eurosurveillance 14, no. 32 (August 13, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.14.32.19303-en.
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For the next influenza season (winter 2009-10) the relative contributions to virus circulation and influenza-associated morbidity of the seasonal influenza viruses A(H3N2), A(H1N1) and B, and the new influenza A(H1N1)v are still unknown. We estimated the chances of seasonal influenza to circulate during the upcoming season using data of the German influenza sentinel scheme from 1992 to 2009. We calculated type and subtype-specific indices for past exposure and the corresponding morbidity indices for each season. For the upcoming season 2009-10 our model suggests that it is unlikely that influenza A(H3N2) will circulate with more than a low intensity, seasonal A(H1N1) with more than a low to moderate intensity, and influenza B with more than a low to median intensity. The probability of a competitive circulation of seasonal influenza A with the new A(H1N1)v is low, increasing the chance for the latter to dominate the next influenza season in Germany.
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Meerhoff, T. J., A. Mosnier, F. Schellevis, W. J. Paget, and the EISS RSV Task Group. "Progress in the surveillance of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in Europe: 2001-2008." Eurosurveillance 14, no. 40 (October 8, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.14.40.19346-en.
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Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) surveillance is important to get insight into the burden of disease and epidemic pattern of RSV infection. This information is useful for healthcare resource allocation as well as the timing of preventive messages and palivizumab prophylaxis. For influenza surveillance the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS) was established in 1996, but no surveillance platform is available for RSV. To improve surveillance an RSV Task Group was established in 2003 and recommendations for RSV surveillance were developed. By 2008, progress was made for four out of six recommendations: the number of European countries testing specimens for RSV increased from six to fourteen; nose and/or throat swabs were generally used for detection of influenza and RSV; a total of 25 laboratories performed molecular testing for diagnosis and participated in a quality control assessment for RSV with an overall good performance; four of the ten countries that joined EISS in 2004 started reporting RSV detections in addition to influenza in the period 2004-8. Limited progress was achieved for standardising methods and the development of a sentinel surveillance system of representative hospitals. Improving RSV surveillance is possible by further harmonising the data collection and increased reporting of RSV.
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Arkema, J. MS, A. Meijer, T. J. Meerhoff, J. Van Der Velden, W. J. Paget, and Collective European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS). "Epidemiological and virological assessment of influenza activity in Europe, during the 2006-2007 winter." Eurosurveillance 13, no. 34 (August 21, 2008). http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/ese.13.34.18958-en.
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Influenza surveillance in Europe is based on influenza surveillance networks that cooperate and share information through the European Influenza Surveillance Scheme (EISS). EISS collected clinical and virological data on influenza in 33 countries during the 2006-2007 winter. Influenza activity started around 1 January and first occurred in Greece, Scotland and Spain. It then moved gradually across Europe from south to north and lasted until the end of March. In 29 out of 33 countries, the consultation rates for influenza-like-illness or acute respiratory infections in the winter of 2006-2007 were similar or somewhat higher than in the 2005-2006 winter. The highest consultation rates for influenza-like-illness were generally observed among children aged 0-4 years and 5-14 years. The predominant virus strain was influenza A (97% of total detections) of the H3 subtype (93% of H-subtyped A viruses; 7% were A(H1)). The influenza A(H3) and A(H1) viruses were similar to the vaccine reference strains for the 2006-2007 season, A/Wisconsin/67/2005 (H3N2) and A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) respectively. The majority of the influenza B viruses were similar to the reference strain B/Malaysia/2506/2004, included in the 2006-2007 vaccine. In conclusion, the 2006-2007 influenza season in Europe was characterised by moderate clinical activity, a south to north spread pattern across Europe, and a dominance of influenza A(H3). Overall there was a good match between the vaccine virus strains and the reported virus strains.
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Lowe, Sarah, and Sian Morrison-Rees. "A Policy Impact Case Study Using Real World Data from Welsh Government Fuel Poverty Schemes to Inform Scheme Design." International Journal of Population Data Science 7, no. 3 (August 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.23889/ijpds.v7i3.1894.
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ObjectivesTo reduce fuel poverty in Wales: the Welsh Government developed schemes to provide energy efficiency improvements to lower income households.
To inform scheme design: investigate health impacts by linking scheme data to health records.
Presented objective: to demonstrate how research findings using real world data can impact policy focus.
ApproachThe research was conducted by an independent researcher at Swansea University who co-produced research questions with the Welsh Government Fuel Poverty Policy Team.
A longitudinal dataset was created by linking anonymised ‘Warm Homes: Nest’ improvements data to residents’ routine health records in the SAIL Databank at Swansea University. We examined recipient health before and after intervention compared with controls.
A high-level policy briefing and research report were published in the Welsh Government Social Research – Analysis for Policy series.
Findings were used to design and pilot new eligibility criteria to capture low-income individuals with a respiratory, circulatory or mental health condition.
ResultsThis presentation will describe the policy impact pathway from initial discussions with policymakers to real world change, including:
securing ESRC funding for a Knowledge Transfer Fellowship, which included a 2013 data linking demonstration project…
…which allowed funding to be secured for a 2015-18 research project focused on the impact of improvements on recipient health…
…which published emerging findings in 2016…
…and substantive findings in 2017, showing a significant positive impact of improvements on recipient health…
…which policymakers used to design a pilot to test ways to widen eligibility criteria to include individuals on a low income with a respiratory, circulatory or mental health condition…
…which led to scheme criteria being widened in 2019.
By 2021, 25% of recipients entered the scheme via the ‘health route’.
ConclusionBy delivering research findings generated using linked real world data, and focused on questions co-produced with policymakers, researchers can successfully impact the design and implementation of government policy, thereby improving the lives of people in the real world - in this case, the health of the citizens of Wales.
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Sharapov, Olimkhon, and Botir Daminov. "MO759COMPERATIVE STUDY OF THE CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM IN PATIENTS WITH CKD ON HEMODIALYSIS IN URBAN AND RURAL POPULATIONS OF UZBEKISTAN." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 36, Supplement_1 (May 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfab097.0039.
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Abstract Background and Aims According to recently published WHO data, kidney disease has been the 10th leading cause of death in the world over the past 20 years. The lethality of dialysis patients with cardiovascular pathology is 3 times higher than that of patients without CVD. This is especially pronounced in developing countries. Uzbekistan is a country with a population of 34 million and has an equal urban and rural population. In this regard, it is of interest to comparatively study the structure of CVD in patients with CKD stage 5D of the rural and urban population of Uzbekistan. Method We examined 165 (90 men and 75 women) patients with CKD stage 5 receiving dialysis in urban and rural areas of Uzbekistan. The patients were divided into 2 groups depending on their permanent place of residence and the medical center where they receive hemodialysis. 104 (51 men and 53 women) patients were included in the Urban group and 61 (39 men and 22 women) patients were included in the Rural group. The average age of the urban population was 49.7 ± 1.38 years, the rural population was 45.5 ± 1.83 years. All patients underwent programmed hemodialysis according to the standard scheme for 4 hours 3 times a day (12 hours/week). The average duration of hemodialysis in the Urban group was 37.0 ± 4.77 months (M ± m) and 16.6 ± 2.4 months in the Rural group. The main causes of CKD 5D in both groups were glomerulonephritis (Urban-36.5%, Rural-62%) and type 2 diabetes (Urban-31.7%, Rural-18%). Results CVD comorbidity occurred in 55,8% (n=92) of all 165 examined patients, of which 52 were men and 40 were women. The most common CVDs in all groups were hypertension (51%, n=84), coronary heart disease, presented as angina (28%, n=47), heart failure (14%, n=23) and various types of arrhythmias (5%, n=8). 77% (n=127) of patients had anemia due ESRD. In the group Urban(n=104), 62.5% (n=65) had CVD. The main CVD was Hypertension. It was found in 92% (n=60) of patients with CVD in this group. Less (65%, n=42) were patients with angina. Heart failure was detected in 31% (n=20) of patients. Arrhythmia was diagnosed in only 5% (n=5). A large number of combined CVD have been identified. 69% (n=45) of all patients with CVD had a combined CVDs in different combinations. The most common combination was hypertension + angina (n = 26). It accounted for almost 58% of all combined cases. Only 28% (n=17) of all cases with hypertension had "isolated" hypertension. The main combination with hypertension was hypertension + angina (43%, n=26), 11% (n=11) of patients had hypertension + angina + heart failure, a combination in the form of hypertension + angina + arrhythmia had 3% (n=3) patients. Relatively fewer (n = 27, 44%) CVD were found in the Rural group. The most frequent CVD was also a hypertension. Patients with hypertension made up 89% (n = 24) of all patients with CVD in this group. The second place is occupied by angina, it was found in 18.5% (n=5) cases among patients with CVD. Combined CVS pathologies were less common in the rural group. A total of 8 patients (29.6% of all CVD cases) had several CVDs. Conclusion Сardiovascular diseases in the urban population (62.5%) occur almost one and a half times more often than in the rural population (44%). Combined CVD pathology occupies a leading place in the structure of CVD in patients with CKD 5D, both urban and rural.
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Sos. Fernandez, L. V., D. Cimadomo, D. Soscia, G. Fabozzi, S. Muzzì, F. Benini, R. Maggiulli, et al. "P–752 Embryo morphological grading across several IVF centers is not consistent but an interactive training is useful to improve its consistency." Human Reproduction 36, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/humrep/deab130.751.
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Abstract Study question Are the embryologists across several IVF clinics concordant when evaluating embryo morphology? Summary answer Embryo morphological grading is sufficiently consistent among embryologists from the same center, while an interactive training was essential to improve its accuracy across several clinics. What is known already Embryo morphology, mostly at the blastocyst stage, is the strongest non-invasive embryological feature that associates with implantation potential. This association is confirmed also when euploid blastocysts are transferred. At present, several embryo grading schemes exist but is still unclear which is the most effective among them. Moreover, many IVF clinics adopt internal embryo grading scores, further limiting the transferability of this crucial prognostic information across different laboratories. With the aim of assessing the level of concordance in embryo grading within and between IVF clinics, the Italian Society of Embryology, Reproduction and Research (SIERR) conceived this study. Study design, size, duration We photographed 40 cleavage-stage and 40 blastocyst-stage embryos (3 focal-planes=240 photos). Two embryologists (senior and junior) from 65 Italian IVF clinics were invited to grade them. Their evaluations were blindly collected as Phase-I (January2020-March2020). Phase-II consisted of an interactive-training on Google-Classroom during which 6 selected experts found a Consensus on the morphological evaluation of the 80 embryos (April2020). As Phase III (May2020-July2020), a second set of 240 pictures was sent to senior participants and experts. Participants/materials, setting, methods Eighteen centers agreed to participate, and 36 embryologists were included. The embryo grading scheme adopted was the Alpha-ESHRE Istanbul Consensus (parameters: cleavage-stage blastomeres’ symmetry and fragmentation, blastocyst’s expansion, inner-cell-mass and trophectoderm quality), conventionally used in 50% of the centers (N = 9/18). The concordance within (junior versus senior) and between (senior versus experts) centers was calculated through the Cohen’s-k. The concordance between centers was compared before and after the interactive training on the two sets of pictures. Main results and the role of chance The centers and embryologists included were representative of the Italian IVF scenario: oocyte-retrievals per year:711±636,range100–2200; cycles with cleavage-stage embryo-transfer:322±339,0–1300; cycles with blastocyst-stage embryo-transfer:390±403,0–1100; operators per center:5.6±4.0,2–13; senior embryologists’ experience:14.8±7.4yr,7–30; junior embryologists’ experience:2.7±0.6yr,1–3. The intra-center concordance was (i)for blastomeres’ symmetry 82±15% (38–100%), k 0.59±0.27 (0.02–1), (ii)for blastomeres’ fragmentation 88±9% (65–100%), k 0.71±0.2 (0.29–1), (iii)for blastocysts’ expansion 80±16% (48–100%), k 0.66±0.27 (0.19–1), (iv)for inner-cell-mass quality 73±16% (35–95%), k 0.58±0.24 (0.07–0.92), (v)for trophectoderm quality 71±19% (38–95%), k 0.54±0.32 (0.01–0.97). Linear regressions showed no association of centers’ and embryologists’ characteristics with all k-values. Among clinics with the highest mean number of cycles per year and intra-center concordance, we selected 6 experts for the interactive-training. We then calculated the inter-center concordance as the agreement rate between senior embryologists and the experts for phase-I and phase-III: (i)for blastomeres’ symmetry 67±15% (30–85%) and 73±17% (15–90%;Wilcoxon-signed-ranks-test=0.06), k 0.33±0.22 (–0.29–0.58) and 0.42±0.33 (–0.56–0.77); (ii)for blastomeres’ fragmentation 81±17% (23–95%) and 83±14% (50–95%;Wilcoxon-signed-ranks-test=0.8), k 0.54±0.22 (–0.05–0.84) and 0.55±0.22 (0.17–0.81); (iii)for blastocysts’ expansion 59±16% (35–85%) and 67±17% (23–90%;Wilcoxon-signed-ranks-test=0.04), k 0.35±0.20 (0.06–0.73) and 0.44±0.22 (–0.10–0.7); (iv)for inner-cell-mass quality 60±14% (33–80%) and 69±11% (48–85%;Wilcoxon-signed-ranks-test=0.02), k 0.40±0.20 (0.01–0.69) and 0.51±0.18 (0.18–0.77); (v)for trophectoderm quality 55±12% (23–70%) and 63±10% 48–78%;Wilcoxon-signed-ranks-test<0.01), k 0.29±0.15 (–0.08–0.52) and 0.42±0.15 (0.21–0.66). Limitations, reasons for caution Only 28% (N = 18/65) of the Italian IVF centers invited to participate responded to the survey. The conventional adoption of grading schemes other than Istanbul-Consensus by 50% of the embryologists might have biased their evaluation. The experts were not fully-concordant in grading 13.8% of the embryos (N = 22/160), which required active discussions. Wider implications of the findings: Blastocyst-grading concordance was significantly improved after the training phase. Therefore, interactive consensus meetings and training platforms are keenly needed to standardize this practice across the centers. The “avant-garde” of artificial intelligence applied to embryo image analysis might help overcoming this issue in the future. Trial registration number N.A.