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Journal articles on the topic 'Schistosomes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 26 July 2025

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1

MANN, VICTORIA H., MARIA E. MORALES, GABRIEL RINALDI, and PAUL J. BRINDLEY. "Culture for genetic manipulation of developmental stages of Schistosoma mansoni." Parasitology 137, no. 3 (2009): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009991211.

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SUMMARYGenomes of the major human helminth parasites, and indeed many others of agricultural significance, are now the research focus of intensive genome sequencing and annotation. A draft genome sequence of the filarial parasite Brugia malayi was reported in 2007 and draft genomes of two of the human schistosomes, Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni reported in 2009. These genome data provide the basis for a comprehensive understanding of the molecular mechanisms involved in schistosome nutrition and metabolism, host-dependent development and maturation, immune evasion and invertebrate evolu

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2

Bullington, Brooke W., Katherine Klemperer, Keith Mages, et al. "Effects of schistosomes on host anti-viral immune response and the acquisition, virulence, and prevention of viral infections: A systematic review." PLOS Pathogens 17, no. 5 (2021): e1009555. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1009555.

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Although a growing number of studies suggest interactions between Schistosoma parasites and viral infections, the effects of schistosome infections on the host response to viruses have not been evaluated comprehensively. In this systematic review, we investigated how schistosomes impact incidence, virulence, and prevention of viral infections in humans and animals. We also evaluated immune effects of schistosomes in those coinfected with viruses. We screened 4,730 studies and included 103. Schistosomes may increase susceptibility to some viruses, including HIV and Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated h

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3

Zhu, Peng, Kaijuan Wu, Chaobin Zhang, et al. "Advances in new target molecules against schistosomiasis: A comprehensive discussion of physiological structure and nutrient intake." PLOS Pathogens 19, no. 7 (2023): e1011498. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.ppat.1011498.

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Schistosomiasis, a severe parasitic disease, is primarily caused by Schistosoma mansoni, Schistosoma japonicum, or Schistosoma haematobium. Currently, praziquantel is the only recommended drug for human schistosome infection. However, the lack of efficacy of praziquantel against juvenile worms and concerns about the emergence of drug resistance are driving forces behind the research for an alternative medication. Schistosomes are obligatory parasites that survive on nutrients obtained from their host. The ability of nutrient uptake depends on their physiological structure. In short, the format

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4

Agrawal, M. C., and V. G. Rao. "Indian Schistosomes: A Need for Further Investigations." Journal of Parasitology Research 2011 (2011): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/250868.

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India is uniquely positioned with regard to schistosomes and schistosomiasis—discovering seven new mammalian species with the existence of three more schistosome species:Orientobilharzia turkestanicum, O. harinasutai, and Schistosoma haematobium(?). An endemic focus of urinary schistosomiasis was reported from Gimvi village of Ratnagiri, Maharashtra with infrequent occurrence of schistosome eggs in human stools. Cercarial dermatitis has been reported to be more abundant in rural population using ponds, tanks, and so forth, for their domestic purposes. Few dermatitis cases were tested positive

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5

Crego-Vicente, Beatriz, Pedro Fernández-Soto, Begoña Febrer-Sendra, et al. "Application of a Genus-Specific LAMP Assay for Schistosome Species to Detect Schistosoma haematobium x Schistosoma bovis Hybrids." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 6 (2021): 1308. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061308.

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Schistosomiasis is a disease of great medical and veterinary importance in tropical and subtropical regions caused by different species of parasitic flatworms of the genus Schistosoma. The emergence of natural hybrids of schistosomes indicate the risk of possible infection to humans and their zoonotic potential, specifically for Schistosoma haematobium and S. bovis. Hybrid schistosomes have the potential to replace existing species, generate new resistances, pathologies and extending host ranges. Hybrids may also confuse the serological, molecular and parasitological diagnosis. Currently, LAMP

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Padalino, Gilda, Iain W. Chalmers, Andrea Brancale, and Karl F. Hoffmann. "Identification of 6-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine as a chemical scaffold with broad anti-schistosomal activities." Wellcome Open Research 5 (July 17, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16069.1.

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Background: Schistosomiasis, caused by infection with blood fluke schistosomes, is a neglected tropical disease of considerable importance in resource-poor communities throughout the developing world. In the absence of an immunoprophylactic vaccine and due to over-reliance on a single chemotherapy (praziquantel), schistosomiasis control is at risk should drug insensitive schistosomes develop. In this context, application of in silico virtual screening on validated schistosome targets has proven successful in the identification of novel small molecules with anti-schistosomal activity. Methods:

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Padalino, Gilda, Iain W. Chalmers, Andrea Brancale, and Karl F. Hoffmann. "Identification of 6-(piperazin-1-yl)-1,3,5-triazine as a chemical scaffold with broad anti-schistosomal activities." Wellcome Open Research 5 (November 13, 2020): 169. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16069.2.

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Background: Schistosomiasis, caused by infection with blood fluke schistosomes, is a neglected tropical disease of considerable importance in resource-poor communities throughout the developing world. In the absence of an immunoprophylactic vaccine and due to over-reliance on a single chemotherapy (praziquantel), schistosomiasis control is at risk should drug insensitive schistosomes develop. In this context, application of in silico virtual screening on validated schistosome targets has proven successful in the identification of novel small molecules with anti-schistosomal activity. Methods:

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8

Webb, Alexander James, Fiona Allan, Richard J. R. Kelwick, et al. "Specific Nucleic AcId Ligation for the detection of Schistosomes: SNAILS." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 16, no. 7 (2022): e0010632. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010632.

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Schistosomiasis, also known as bilharzia or snail fever, is a debilitating neglected tropical disease (NTD), caused by parasitic trematode flatworms of the genus Schistosoma, that has an annual mortality rate of 280,000 people in sub-Saharan Africa alone. Schistosomiasis is transmitted via contact with water bodies that are home to the intermediate host snail which shed the infective cercariae into the water. Schistosome lifecycles are complex, and while not all schistosome species cause human disease, endemic regions also typically feature animal-infecting schistosomes that can have broader e

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9

CURTIS, J., R. E. SORENSEN, and D. J. MINCHELLA. "Schistosome genetic diversity: the implications of population structure as detected with microsatellite markers." Parasitology 125, no. 7 (2002): S51—S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182002002020.

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Blood flukes in the genus Schistosoma are important human parasites in tropical regions. A substantial amount of genetic diversity has been described in populations of these parasites using molecular markers. We first consider the extent of genetic variation found in Schistosoma mansoni and some factors that may be contributing to this variation. Recently, though, attempts have been made to analyze not only the genetic diversity but how that diversity is partitioned within natural populations of schistosomes. Studies with non-allelic molecular markers (e.g. RAPDs and mtVNTRs) have indicated th

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MANN, V. H., M. E. MORALES, K. J. KINES, and P. J. BRINDLEY. "Transgenesis of schistosomes: approaches employing mobile genetic elements." Parasitology 135, no. 2 (2007): 141–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182007003824.

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SUMMARYDraft genome sequences forSchistosoma mansoniandSchistosoma japonicumare now available. However, the identity and importance of most schistosome genes have yet to be determined. Recently, progress has been made towards the genetic manipulation and transgenesis of schistosomes. Both loss-of-function and gain-of-function approaches appear to be feasible in schistosomes based on findings described in the past 5 years. This review focuses on reports of schistosome transgenesis, specifically those dealing with the transformation of schistosomes with exogenous mobile genetic elements and/or t

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Adema, C. M., E. C. Van Deutekom-Mulder, W. P. W. Van Der Knaap, and T. Sminia. "Schistosomicidal activities ofLymnaea stagnalishaemocytes: the role of oxygen radicals." Parasitology 109, no. 4 (1994): 479–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000080732.

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SUMMARYMacrophage-like defence cells (haemocytes) of the pond snailLymnaea stagnalismediate cytotoxicity through reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). This activity is NADPH-oxidase dependent, as in mammalian phagocytes during the respiratory burst. In this study, mother sporocysts of schistosomes, the compatibleTrichobilharzia ocellataand the incompatibleSchistosoma mansonievokein vitroROI activities (detected by luminol dependent chemiluminescence, LDCL) fromL. stagnalishaemocytes.S. mansoniis encapsulated by haemocytes and eliminated, whereasT. ocellataescapes encapsulation and survives. Bo

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12

Padalino, Gilda, Avril Coghlan, Giampaolo Pagliuca, Josephine E. Forde-Thomas, Matthew Berriman, and Karl F. Hoffmann. "Using ChEMBL to Complement Schistosome Drug Discovery." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 5 (2023): 1359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15051359.

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Schistosomiasis is one of the most important neglected tropical diseases. Until an effective vaccine is registered for use, the cornerstone of schistosomiasis control remains chemotherapy with praziquantel. The sustainability of this strategy is at substantial risk due to the possibility of praziquantel insensitive/resistant schistosomes developing. Considerable time and effort could be saved in the schistosome drug discovery pipeline if available functional genomics, bioinformatics, cheminformatics and phenotypic resources are systematically leveraged. Our approach, described here, outlines h

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13

ROLLINSON, DAVID, JOANNE P. WEBSTER, BONNIE WEBSTER, SILVESTER NYAKAANA, ASLAK JØRGENSEN, and J. RUSSELL STOTHARD. "Genetic diversity of schistosomes and snails: implications for control." Parasitology 136, no. 13 (2009): 1801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182009990412.

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SUMMARYMolecular approaches are providing new insights into the genetic diversity of schistosomes and their intermediate snail hosts. For instance, molecular tools based on the polymerase chain reaction are being developed for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis and the detection of prepatent schistosome infections in snails at transmission sites. Robust phylogenies of the different species of Schistosoma, Bulinus and Biomphalaria have been determined and novel methods are available to identify the different and cryptic taxa involved. Microsatellite analyses and mitochondrial DNA sequencing metho

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HOLA-JAMRISKA, L., J. P. DALTON, J. AASKOV, and P. J. BRINDLEY. "Dipeptidyl peptidase I and III activities of adult schistosomes." Parasitology 118, no. 3 (1999): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182098003746.

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Soluble extracts of adult Schistosoma japonicum and S. mansoni were examined for the presence of proteolytic activities ascribable to dipeptidyl peptidases (DPPs) at a range of pH from 4 to 11 using synthetic peptidyl substrates diagnostic of DPPs I, II, III and IV. Activity capable of cleaving the DPP I-specific substrates H-Gly-Arg-NHMec and H-Gly-Phe-NHMec which exhibited a pH optimum of 5·5 was observed in extracts of schistosomes. Female schistosomes exhibited greater DPP I activity than male schistosomes, while female S. japonicum showed substantially more activity than female S. mansoni

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15

C. GLITHO, Sonya, Yves-Nathan T. TIAN-BI, Nana Rose DIAKITÉ, Cyrille Koffi KONAN, and Eliézer Kouakou N’GORAN. "Caractérisation biologique de Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides chez l’homme et chez les mollusques Bulinus truncatus naturellement infestés, au Centre et Nord de la Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Applied Biosciences 158 (February 28, 2021): 16340–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/jabs.158.8.

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Objectif : Identifier les espèces Schistosoma haematobium, S. bovis et leurs hybrides et, évaluer la compatibilité des schistosomes avec les mollusques hôtes intermédiaires et la souris blanche (Mus musculus albinos), hôte définitif, en infestation expérimentale. Méthodologie et résultats : Des schistosomes ont été obtenus à partir de bulins infestés naturellement ou expérimentalement avec des miracidiums provenant des urines de l’homme. Ils ont permis d’étudier la compatibilité de quatre populations de Bulinus truncatus avec deux souches du groupe S. haematobium. La chronobiologie cercarienne

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16

PICA-MATTOCCIA, L., A. RUPPEL, C. M. XIA, and D. CIOLI. "Praziquantel and the benzodiazepine Ro 11-3128 do not compete for the same binding sites in schistosomes." Parasitology 135, no. 1 (2007): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182007003514.

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SUMMARYThe benzodiazepine Ro 11-3128 (methyl-clonazepam) presents several similarities with praziquantel with regard to its anti-schistosomal mode of action, since both drugs cause spastic paralysis, calcium influx and tegumental disruption in the parasites. In order to know whether the two compounds share the same binding sites in the schistosomes, we performed in vivo and in vitro competition experiments. We took advantage of the fact that Ro 11-3128 is active against immature Schistosoma mansoni (whereas praziquantel is inactive), and praziquantel is active against S. japonicum (which is in

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17

Kincaid-Smith, Julien, Alan Tracey, Ronaldo de Carvalho Augusto, et al. "Morphological and genomic characterisation of the Schistosoma hybrid infecting humans in Europe reveals admixture between Schistosoma haematobium and Schistosoma bovis." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 15, no. 12 (2021): e0010062. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0010062.

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Schistosomes cause schistosomiasis, the world’s second most important parasitic disease after malaria in terms of public health and social-economic impacts. A peculiar feature of these dioecious parasites is their ability to produce viable and fertile hybrid offspring. Originally only present in the tropics, schistosomiasis is now also endemic in southern Europe. Based on the analysis of two genetic markers the European schistosomes had previously been identified as hybrids between the livestock- and the human-infective species Schistosoma bovis and Schistosoma haematobium, respectively. Here,

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Thèron, A. "Hybrids between Schistosoma mansoni and S. rodhaini: characterization by cercarial emergence rhythms." Parasitology 99, no. 2 (1989): 225–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000058674.

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SummaryHybridization between Schistosoma mansoni, with a diurnal cercarial emergence rhythm and S. rodhaini, with a nocturnal cercarial shedding pattern leads to F1 and F2 generations, hybrid schistosomes whose chronobiological phenotype of cercariae is characterized by two unequal emergence peaks, one diurnal and the other nocturnal. The relative importance of diurnal and nocturnal peaks depends upon which S. mansoni strain (early or late) is used for the hybridization with S. rodhaini. The results are compared and discussed with those resulting from crosses between intraspecific sympatric an

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LoVerde, Philip T., Edward G. Niles, Ahmed Osman, and Wenjie Wu. "Schistosoma mansoni male–female interactions." Canadian Journal of Zoology 82, no. 2 (2004): 357–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z03-217.

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Schistosome parasites are muticellular eucaryotic organisms with a complex life cycle that involves mammalian and snail hosts. Unlike other trematode parasites, schistosomes (along with the Didymozoidae) have evolved separate sexes or dioecy. Sex is determined by a chromosomal mechanism. The dioecious state created an opportunity for the sexes to play a role in schistosome evolution that has resulted in an interesting interplay between the sexes. The classical observation, made more than 50 years ago, is that female schistosomes do not develop unless a male worm is present. Studies up through

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Rollinson, D., Danièle Imbert-Establet, and G. C. Ross. "Schistosoma mansoni from naturally infected Rattus rattus in Guadeloupe: identification, prevalence and enzyme polymorphism." Parasitology 93, no. 1 (1986): 39–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000049817.

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SUMMARYAn enzymatic comparison has been made between isolates of Schistosoma mansoni from rats and humans in Guadeloupe and a Burundi isolate of S. rodhaini. Analyses of LDH, MDH, AcP, PGM, GPI, G6PDH and HK by isoelectric focusing provided no evidence for the involvement of S. rodhaini in the recent evolution of the schistosomes currently endemic in Guadeloupe. No distinction could be made between murine and human isolates of S. mansoni and it is suggested that murine schistosomiasis should not therefore be ignored in control programmes. Rattus rattus were captured at seven sites around the i

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BOON, NELE A. M., FREDERIK VAN DEN BROECK, DJIBY FAYE, et al. "Barcoding hybrids: heterogeneous distribution of Schistosoma haematobium × Schistosoma bovis hybrids across the Senegal River Basin." Parasitology 145, no. 5 (2018): 634–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018000525.

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ABSTRACTHybridization events between Schistosoma species (Digenea, Platyhelminthes) are reported with increasing frequency, largely due to improved access to molecular tools. Nevertheless, little is known about the distribution and frequency of hybrid schistosomes in nature. Screening for hybrids on a large scale is complicated by the need for nuclear and mitochondrial sequence information, precluding a ‘simple’ barcoding approach. Here we aimed to determine and understand the spatiotemporal distribution of Schistosoma haematobium × Schistosoma bovis hybrids in the Senegal River Basin. From te

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Cai, Pengfei, Donald P. McManus, and Hong You. "Signalling pathways in schistosomes: novel targets for control interventions against schistosomiasis." Emerging Topics in Life Sciences 1, no. 6 (2017): 633–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/etls20170093.

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Over the last decade, there has been accumulating evidence showing that signalling pathways are involved in extensive biological and physiological processes in the human blood fluke schistosomes, playing essential roles in environmental sensing, host penetration, growth, development, maturation, embryogenesis, tissue self-renewal and survival. Owing to the likelihood of resistance developing against praziquantel, the only drug currently available that is effective against all the human schistosome species, there is an urgent requirement for an alternative treatment, arguing for continuing rese

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PICA-MATTOCCIA, L., R. MORONI, L. A. TCHUEM TCHUENTÉ, V. R. SOUTHGATE, and D. CIOLI. "Changes of mate occur in Schistosoma mansoni." Parasitology 120, no. 5 (2000): 495–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099005685.

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Male and female schistosomes are generally assumed to form stable monogamous pairs for the whole span of their long existence in the mammalian host. Recent evidence from mixed infections has shown that Schistosoma mansoni males can displace S. intercalatum males from their homologous partners, but no information exists about the existence of similar phenomena within a single schistosome species. Here, we determine whether male S. mansoni can displace males of the same species from pre-formed pairs in vivo. The availability of clear-cut genetic markers of drug resistance in schistosomes was exp

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Camacho, M., S. Alsford, and A. Agnew. "Molecular forms of tegumental and muscle acetylcholinesterases of Schistosoma." Parasitology 112, no. 2 (1996): 199–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000084766.

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SummaryAcetylcholinesterase (ACHE) is present in the muscle and on the tegument of schistosomes. Molecular forms of schistosome AChE were examined because particular AChEs are found in tissues of distinct function elsewhere. The dimeric globular form (G2) is the only form evident in adult Schistosoma haematobium: 32 % of the muscle AChE is hydrophilic and 61 % is membrane associated. A substantial amount of this enzyme is phosphatidylinositol (PI) anchored since it could be released by PI-specific phospholipase C from both muscle and tegumental membranes.

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Angeline, Felicia Bora C. S.S. Das and Mathivathani C. "Intestinal Schistosomiasis in cattle – An Overview." Science World a monthly e magazine 2, no. 11 (2022): 1923–26. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7373561.

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Schistosomiasis is a snail borne trematode infection which affects domestic animals, man and wild animals in different parts of Asia and Africa. Intestinal schistosome is one of the major problems in different countries of the world. In cattle, intestinal schistosomes is caused by <em>Schistosoma</em> <em>spindale</em>, <em>S. bovis</em> and <em>S. japonicum</em>. A number of snails acts as an intermediate host among which <em>Indoplanorbis</em> <em>exustus</em> considered to be the most common.

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PANCERA, Christiane Finardi, Adriana Leal ALVES, Maria Aparecida PASCHOALOTTI, and Pedro Paulo CHIEFFI. "Effect of wide spectrum anti-helminthic drugs upon Schistosoma mansoni experimentally infected mice." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 39, no. 3 (1997): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651997000300007.

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Mebendazole, albendazole, levamisole and thiabendazole are well known as active drugs against several nematode species, and against cestodes as well, when the first two drugs are considered. None of the drugs have proven activity, however, against trematodes. We tested the effect of these drugs on the fecal shedding of schistosome eggs and the recovering of adult schistosomes, after portal perfusion in Schistosoma mansoni experimentally infected mice. Balb/c mice infected with 80 S. mansoni cercariae were divided into three groups, each in turn subdivided into four other groups, for each teste

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Mogaji, Hammed Oladeji, Olaitan Olamide Omitola, Adedotun Ayodeji Bayegun, Uwem Friday Ekpo, and Andrew W. Taylor-Robinson. "Livestock Reservoir Hosts: An Obscured Threat to Control of Human Schistosomiasis in Nigeria." Zoonotic Diseases 3, no. 1 (2023): 52–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/zoonoticdis3010006.

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Schistosomiasis is one of the leading neglected tropical diseases in sub-Saharan Africa. Recorded case numbers of this chronic and debilitating helminth disease indicate Nigeria to be the most endemic country within this region. National control efforts have focused intensively on restricting human contact with freshwater sources of intermediate host snails. However, limited attention has been paid to the role of livestock as reservoir hosts and the prevalence of transmission of schistosomes to humans via farmed animals. The West African nations of Mali, Senegal, and the neighbouring Niger, Be

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Skelly, Patrick J., and Akram A. Da’dara. "Generation of Immune Modulating Small Metabolites—Metabokines—By Adult Schistosomes." Pathogens 14, no. 6 (2025): 526. https://doi.org/10.3390/pathogens14060526.

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Schistosomes are intravascular parasitic worms that cause the debilitating tropical disease schistosomiasis, affecting >200 million people worldwide. How the worms survive within the body of immunocompetent hosts for many years is unclear. Here, using chromatography and mass spectrometry, we report on the ex vivo ability of adult Schistosoma mansoni worms to modulate the levels of 27 small molecule (often immunomodulatory) metabokines in murine plasma. Schistosomes significantly alter the relative amounts of most (16) of these molecules. Three (inosine, genistein, and glucose) are significa

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DAVIES, C. M., J. P. WEBSTER, O. KRÜGER, A. MUNATSI, J. NDAMBA, and M. E. J. WOOLHOUSE. "Host–parasite population genetics: a cross-sectional comparison of Bulinus globosus and Schistosoma haematobium." Parasitology 119, no. 3 (1999): 295–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099004722.

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The genetic population structures of the freshwater snail Bulinus globosus and its trematode parasite Schistosoma haematobium from 8 river sites in the Zimbabwean highveld were compared using randomly amplified DNA(RAPD) markers. There was significant variability between snail populations collected at different sites, but schistosome populations only showed differentiation at a wider geographical scale (between 2 non-connected river systems). For snails, genetic distance was better correlated with proximity along rivers than absolute geographical separation. In contrast, schistosome genetic di

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Wood, Stephanie, Kenji Ishida, James R. Hagerty, Anida Karahodza, Janay N. Dennis, and Emmitt R. Jolly. "Characterization of Schistosome Sox Genes and Identification of a Flatworm Class of Sox Regulators." Pathogens 12, no. 5 (2023): 690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens12050690.

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Schistosome helminths infect over 200 million people across 78 countries and are responsible for nearly 300,000 deaths annually. However, our understanding of basic genetic pathways crucial for schistosome development is limited. The sex determining region Y-box 2 (Sox2) protein is a Sox B type transcriptional activator that is expressed prior to blastulation in mammals and is necessary for embryogenesis. Sox expression is associated with pluripotency and stem cells, neuronal differentiation, gut development, and cancer. Schistosomes express a Sox-like gene expressed in the schistosomula after

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Rashid, Md Mamunur, Md Zamal Uddin, Md Zakir Hossain, et al. "Status of Intestinal Schistosomiasis in Buffaloes and Cattle in Rajshahi, Bangladesh." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 9, no. 2 (2022): 201–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v9i2.61625.

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Schistosoma infection causes serious health impediment in livestock with poor productive and reproductive performances. This study was carried out to know the status of Schistosoma infection in buffaloes and cattle in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. The adult schistosomes were collected from mesenteries of buffaloes and cattle of Rajshahi. Out of 240 mesenteries (120 from each species) examined, 113 (47.08%) were found infected. The infection rate in buffaloes and cattle were 54.16% and 40%, respectively. Female buffalo and cattle (57.69% and 46%) were more prone to the infection than male (51.47% and 3

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Ahmed, Mohamed S., Reda E. Khalafalla, Ashraf Al-Brakati, Tokuma Yanai, and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy. "Descriptive Pathological Study of Avian Schistosomes Infection in Whooper Swans (Cygnus cygnus) in Japan." Animals 10, no. 12 (2020): 2361. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10122361.

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Cercarial dermatitis, or Swimmer’s itch, is one of the emerging diseases caused by the cercariae of water-borne schistosomes, mainly Trichobilharzia spp. Since the zoonotic potential of Allobilharzia visceralis is still unknown, studies on this schistosome would be helpful to add knowledge on its possible role in causing human infections. In the present study, 54 whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) from rescue/rehabilitation centers in Honshu, Japan, were necropsied to identify the cause of death. Grossly, 33 (61.11%) swans were severely emaciated and 23 (42.59%) had multiple reddened areas througho

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Jothikumar, Narayanan, Bonnie J. Mull, Sara V. Brant, et al. "Real-Time PCR and Sequencing Assays for Rapid Detection and Identification of Avian Schistosomes in Environmental Samples." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 81, no. 12 (2015): 4207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00750-15.

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ABSTRACTCercarial dermatitis, also known as swimmer's itch, is an allergenic skin reaction followed by intense itching caused by schistosome cercariae penetrating human skin. Cercarial dermatitis outbreaks occur globally and are frequently associated with freshwater lakes and are occasionally associated with marine or estuarine waters where birds reside year-round or where migratory birds reside. In this study, a broadly reactive TaqMan assay targeting 18S rRNA gene (ribosomal DNA [rDNA]) sequences that was based on a genetically diverse panel of schistosome isolates representing 13 genera and

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IMASE, A., T. KUMAGAI, H. OHMAE, Y. IRIE, and Y. IWAMURA. "Localization of mouse type 2 Alu sequence in schistosomes." Parasitology 119, no. 3 (1999): 315–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182099004667.

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Localization of the type 2 Alu sequence (B2), a highly repetitive DNA sequence in the mouse genome, was examined by in situ polymerase chain reaction (in situ PCR) in schistosomes. The signals to the B2 sequence were detected in the cytoplasm of the tegumental membrane and in the nuclei of the mesenchymal, testicular, ovarian and vitelline cells of 8- week Schistosoma japonicum. In contrast, it was difficult to detect any signals of this sequence in 8-week S. mansoni, whereas in 24-week male S. mansoni the signals were observed in the cytoplasm of the tegumental tubercles and in the nuclei of

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Xiu, Lei, Xiaoling Wang, Shaoyun Cheng, et al. "Evaluating the pathogenic and immunological effects of ds-GFP as a control in in vivo RNA interference studies of Schistosoma japonicum." Parasite 32 (2025): 16. https://doi.org/10.1051/parasite/2025003.

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Schistosomiasis affects over 250 million people in 78 countries. Despite praziquantel as the primary treatment, concerns about resistance in schistosomes underscore the need for alternative therapies. The success of RNA interference (RNAi) in schistosomes shows promise for identifying potential drug targets to facilitate drug discovery. Meanwhile, double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is commonly used in functional gene analysis via RNAi, with double-stranded green fluorescent protein (ds-GFP) widely employed as a control in schistosome-related studies. However, the potential for off-target effects of d

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CHENG, GUOFENG, and YOUXIN JIN. "MicroRNAs: Potentially important regulators for schistosome development and therapeutic targets against schistosomiasis." Parasitology 139, no. 5 (2012): 669–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001855.

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SUMMARYMicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by targeting the 3′ untranslated region (3′ UTR) of messenger RNAs. Since the discovery of the first miRNA in Caenorhabditis elegans, important regulatory roles for miRNAs in many key biological processes including development, cell proliferation, cell differentiation and apoptosis of many organisms have been described. Hundreds of miRNAs have been identified in various multicellular organisms and many are evolutionarily conserved. Schistosomes are multi-cellular eukary

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Brant, S. V., and E. S. Loker. "Schistosomes in the southwest United States and their potential for causing cercarial dermatitis or ‘swimmer's itch’." Journal of Helminthology 83, no. 2 (2009): 191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x09308020.

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AbstractCercarial dermatitis or swimmer's itch results when cercariae of schistosomes penetrate human skin and initiate inflammatory responses. The parasites typically die in the skin but in some cases may persist and infect other organs. Cercarial dermatitis is caused by a complex and poorly known assemblage of schistosome species, and can occur in any location where people come in contact with water bodies harbouring schistosome-infected snails. In North America, most cases are reported from the upper Midwest. In south-western USA, this phenomenon has not been well studied, and it is not kno

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Le Clec'h, Winka, Frédéric D. Chevalier, Marina McDew-White, et al. "Whole genome amplification and exome sequencing of archived schistosome miracidia." Parasitology 145, no. 13 (2018): 1739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182018000811.

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AbstractAdult schistosomes live in the blood vessels and cannot easily be sampled from humans, so archived miracidia larvae hatched from eggs expelled in feces or urine are commonly used for population genetic studies. Large collections of archived miracidia on FTA cards are now available through the Schistosomiasis Collection at the Natural History Museum (SCAN). Here we describe protocols for whole genome amplification of Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosome haematobium miracidia from these cards, as well as real time PCR quantification of amplified schistosome DNA. We used microgram quantiti

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Fantappié, M. R., and F. D. Rumjanek. "Characterization of a HMG2-like protein from Schistosoma mansoni." Parasitology 108, no. 1 (1994): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000078501.

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SUMMARYAn HMG2-like protein was purified from nuclear extracts of adult Schistosoma mansoni. Investigation of the amino acid composition of the schistosome HMG2-like protein showed that glutamic acid, glycine, aspartic acid and lysine were the most abundant. Carbohydrate analysis showed that the HMG2-like protein presented a low degree of glycosylation, galactose or glucose being the major monosaccharide constituent. Incubation of live schistosomes with 32P followed by isolation of nuclear proteins showed that the HMG-2 like protein could be phosphorylated. Partial sequence analysis of cyanoge

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Harnett, W., and J. R. Kusel. "Increased exposure of parasite antigens at the surface of adult male Schistosoma mansoni exposed to praziquantel in vitro." Parasitology 93, no. 2 (1986): 401–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182000051568.

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SUMMARYPraziquantel is a broad-spectrum anthelmintic active against schistosome species which are major parasites of man. Two major effects on Schistosoma mansoni have been demonstrated; (i) spastic paralysis of the parasite musculature, possibly arising as a consequence of an influx of Ca2+ into the worm (Pax, Bennett & Fetterer, 1978; Coles, 1979) and (ii) vacuolation and degeneration of the worm tegument (Becker, Mehlhorn, Andrews, Thomas & Eckert, 1980). These events may contribute to the elimination of schistosomes in vivo, but this elimination may partly be dependent on the host

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Jouet, D., H. Ferté, C. Hologne, M. L. Kaltenbach, and J. Depaquit. "Avian schistosomes in French aquatic birds: a molecular approach." Journal of Helminthology 83, no. 2 (2009): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x09311712.

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AbstractThe prevalence of human cercarial dermatitis (HCD) caused by bird schistosomes appears to be increasing in France, in light of the impact of tourism combined with high densities of wild aquatic hosts in freshwater areas. The present work expands our knowledge of schistosome systematics by including samples of bird schistosomes collected from their natural hosts in France. Heads (318) and viscera (81) of aquatic birds belonging to 16 species from five orders, collecting during the hunting seasons or found dead, were autopsied for nasal and visceral schistosomes. Eggs and/or adults were

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Ribeiro, Paula, and Timothy G. Geary. "Neuronal signaling in schistosomes: current status and prospects for postgenomicsThe present review is one of a series of occasional review articles that have been invited by the Editors and will feature the broad range of disciplines and expertise represented in our Editorial Advisory Board." Canadian Journal of Zoology 88, no. 1 (2010): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z09-126.

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Parasitic platyhelminths of the genus Schistosoma Weinland, 1858 (Trematoda, Digenea) are the etiological agents of human schistosomiasis, one of the most prevalent and debilitating parasitic diseases worldwide. Praziquantel is the only drug treatment available in most parts of the world and the effectiveness of the drug is threatened by the prospect of drug resistance. There is a pressing need to learn more about the basic biology of this organism and to identify molecular targets for new therapeutic drugs. The nervous system of schistosomes coordinates many activities that are essential for

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Coles, G. C., and J. Fitzgerald. "Effect of mutagen on cultured Schistosoma mansoni." Journal of Helminthology 60, no. 2 (1986): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x00008361.

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AbstractAlthough lightly homogenized three-week-old Schistosoma mansoni incubated in Mistuhashi and Maramorosch insect tissue culture medium or the medium of Weller and Wheeldon produced adherent cell layers, continued growth of these cells did not occur. Non-adherent cells obtained by trypsinization also failed to produce long term cell cultures even after the addition of a range of growth factors. The possibility of producing tumour-like schistosome cells by the use of the mutagen ethyl methane sulphonate was therefore examined. Four-hour exposure of three-week-old schistosomes caused in som

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BROUWERS, Jos F. H. M., Cornelis VERSLUIS, Lambert M. G. van GOLDE, and Aloysius G. M. TIELENS. "5-Octadecenoic acid: evidence for a novel type of fatty acid modification in schistosomes." Biochemical Journal 334, no. 2 (1998): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3340315.

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The lipid metabolism of schistosomes is characterized by several intriguing adaptations to a parasitic way of living. The surface of the parasite consists of two closely apposed phospholipid bilayers, a structure unique to blood flukes. Schistosomes do not synthesize fatty acids de novo, but are able to modify fatty acids, which they obtain from the host, by chain elongation. Here we present evidence that schistosomes are capable of another type of fatty acid modification, resulting in the formation of 5-octadecenoic acid [C18:1(5)]. This highly unusual fatty acid, which is absent in the blood

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Loukas, Alex, Malcolm K. Jones, Lynette T. King, Paul J. Brindley, and Donald P. McManus. "Receptor for Fc on the Surfaces of Schistosomes." Infection and Immunity 69, no. 6 (2001): 3646–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.69.6.3646-3651.2001.

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ABSTRACT Schistosoma mansoni masks its surface with adsorbed host proteins including erythrocyte antigens, immunoglobulins, major histocompatibility complex class I, and β2-microglobulin (β2m), presumably as a means of avoiding host immune responses. How this is accomplished has not been explained. To identify surface receptors for host proteins, we biotinylated the tegument of live S. mansoni adults and mechanically transformed schistosomula and then removed the parasite surface with detergent. Incubation of biotinylated schistosome surface extracts with human immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc-Sephar

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Mintsa Nguema, R., K. Mengue Ngou Milama, M. Kombila, et al. "Morphometric and molecular characterizations of schistosome populations in Estuaire province Gabon." Journal of Helminthology 84, no. 1 (2009): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022149x09990289.

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AbstractThe aim of this study was to test the hypothesis of the presence of hybrids between Schistosoma guineensis and S. haematobium in the Estuaire province (Western Gabon). Egg morphometry and single-stranded conformational polymorphism (SSCP) analysis on adult worms were used in order to characterize the schistosome populations of two sites. The morphology of the eggs showed three morphotypes: S. haematobium, S. guineensis and intermediate morphotypes, but the eggs of the morphotype S. guineensis were smaller compared to the values found in the literature. Furthermore, the SSCP analysis of

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BECKMANN, S., and C. G. GREVELDING. "Paving the way for transgenic schistosomes." Parasitology 139, no. 5 (2011): 651–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182011001466.

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SUMMARYIn parasitological research, significant progress has been made with respect to genomics and transcriptomics but transgenic systems for functional gene analyses are mainly restricted to the protozoan field. Gene insertion and knockout strategies can be applied to parasitic protozoa as well as gene silencing by RNA interference (RNAi). By contrast, research on parasitic helminthes still lags behind. Along with the major advances in genome and transcriptome analyses e.g. for schistosomes, methods for the functional characterization of genes of interest are still in their initial phase and

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Piao, Xianyu, Jiamei Duan, Ning Jiang, Shuai Liu, Nan Hou, and Qijun Chen. "Schistosoma japonicum Tyrosine Hydroxylase is promising targets for immunodiagnosis and immunoprotection of Schistosomiasis japonica." PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 17, no. 6 (2023): e0011389. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pntd.0011389.

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Identification of promising schistosome antigen targets is crucial for the development of anti-schistosomal strategies. Schistosomes rely on their neuromuscular systems to coordinate important locomotory behaviors. Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is critical in the initial rate-limiting step in biosynthesis of catecholamine, the important neuroactive agents, which promote the lengthening of the worm through muscular relaxation and are therefore of great importance to the movement of the organism both within and between its hosts. THs from both Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum and their

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HOFFMANN, K. F. "An historical and genomic view of schistosome conjugal biology with emphasis on sex-specific gene expression." Parasitology 128, S1 (2004): S11—S22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182004006213.

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The genetic programmes associated with the sexual biology of dioecious schistosomes remain a critically important but significantly understudied area of parasitology. Throughout the last four decades, progress has been slow in describing the gross antigenic and proteomic differences linked to sexually mature schistosomes and in characterizing some of the sex-associated transcripts and regulatory mechanisms induced during developmental maturation. These investigations have been severely hindered by the lack of complete EST/genomic information, as well as corresponding post- and functional-genom

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SCHÜßLER, P., C. G. GREVELDING, and W. KUNZ. "Identification of Ras, MAP kinases, and a GAP protein in Schistosoma mansoni by immunoblotting and their putative involvement in male–female interaction." Parasitology 115, no. 6 (1997): 629–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118209700173x.

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The maturation of female Schistosoma mansoni depends on pairing with a male which induces mitotic activities in the reproductive organs of the female worm. Since in other organisms cell proliferation is regulated by well-conserved signal transducing molecules, we looked for such molecules on immunoblots of schistosomes, using antibodies against conserved epitopes of Ras, GAP and MAP kinases. We identified all 3 molecules in schistosomes and found that they are developmentally regulated. Furthermore, there is evidence for their involvement in the male-directed maturation of the female.

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