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Journal articles on the topic 'Schistosomiasis mansoni'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 6 February 2022

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1

Lambertucci, José Roberto, Izabela Voieta, and Marina De Brot. "Vulvar schistosomiasis mansoni." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 41, no. 4 (August 2008): 435–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822008000400026.

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Lambertucci, José Roberto, Izabela Voieta, and Izabela dos Santos Silveira. "Cerebral schistosomiasis mansoni." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 41, no. 6 (December 2008): 693–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822008000600029.

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3

Bhatia, P. L. "Aural Schistosomiasis mansoni." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 103, no. 6 (June 1989): 596–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215100109442.

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Schistosoma mansoni is common in Nigeria as well as in other countries of West Africa (Edington, 1979). The eggs are laid in the small venules of the submucosal layer of the intestinal wall and pass out usually in the faeces but some may enter the blood stream to be found in any organ of the body (Edington et al., 1975). However, a careful search of the available literature failed to reveal any report of schistosomiasis in the ear and hence it was decided to publish this rare case.

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4

Ramos, Eduardo Antonio Gonçalves, and Zilton A. Andrade. "Chronic glomerulonephritis associated with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 29, no. 3 (June 1987): 162–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651987000300008.

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In a series of 36 cases of renal disease associated with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis the following morphologic types of glomerulonephritis were found: mesangio-capillary (33.2%), mesangial proliferative (25.0%), focal glomerular sclerosis (16.7%) and sclerosing glomerulonephritis (8.3%). No significant statistical differences were found when these results were compared with those from 36 cases of glomerulonephritis not associated with hepatosplenic disease. On the other hand, endocapillary glomerulonephritis was found to be predominant in the latter group of cases. These results did not substantiate the assumption that mesangio-capillary glomerulonephritis is specifically related to hepatosplenic schistosomiais. However, if the types of glomerulonephritis that predominantly involve the me-sangium are considered together, they are significantly associated with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis. Mesangial involvement is known to occur in other parasitic diseases and that may be related to a common immunopathogenesis.

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5

Umoke, Ifeanyi. "Mucinous Rectal Adenocarcinoma in a Background of Chronic Schistosomiasis: A Case Report and Review of the Literature." Journal of Surgical Case Reports and Images 1, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/jscr/2019/002.

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Reports have revealed the existence of colonic cancer with chronic bowel schistosomiasis. The specie most frequently involved is Schistosoma japonicum. Few cases have, however, shown Schistosoma mansoni as the involved specie. There seems to be an association between rectal cancer and Schistosoma mansoni infestation. Despite earlier studies that refuted any association between schistosomiasis and colonic cancer, more reports are lending credence to the claim that chronic colonic schistosomiasis, especially with S. Japonicum, may induce colonic cancer and the case with are reporting also point to the fact that S. Mansoni may also be implicated. We report a case of a 35-year-old man with a rectal cancer (pT3N0M0) associated with Schistosoma mansoni. He presented with intestinal obstruction and operation revealed a cirrhotic liver with hepatic schistosomiasis.

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6

Hoshino-Shimizu, S., L. C. S. Dias, H. Y. Kanamura, L. C. Silva, C. M. Glasser, and R. M. J. Patucci. "Seroepidemioplogy of schistosomiasis mansoni." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 87, suppl 4 (1992): 303–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761992000800047.

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7

Rabello, Ana. "Acute human schistosomiasis mansoni." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 90, no. 2 (April 1995): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761995000200026.

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8

Lambertucci, José Roberto, Helena Duani, Pedro Henrique Prata, and Izabela Voieta. "Pseudothrombocytopenia in schistosomiasis mansoni." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 44, no. 6 (December 2011): 792. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822011000600029.

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9

Pinto-Silva, Rogério Augusto, Leonardo Campos de Queiroz, Letícia Martins Azeredo, Luciana Cristina dos Santos Silva, and José Roberto Lambertucci. "Ultrasound in schistosomiasis mansoni." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 105, no. 4 (July 2010): 479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762010000400021.

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10

Da Silva, L. C., P. P. Chieffi, and F. J. Carrilho. "Schistosomiasis mansoni – Clinical features." Gastroenterología y Hepatología 28, no. 1 (January 2005): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1157/13070382.

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11

Júnior, Antônio Santos de Araújo, Pedro Alberto Arlani, Arnaldo Salvestrini Júnior, Mirella Martins Fazzito, Evandro Sobroza De Mello, Albino Augusto Sorbello, and João Batista Gomes Bezerra. "Cerebral Schistosomiasis." JBNC - JORNAL BRASILEIRO DE NEUROCIRURGIA 22, no. 3 (March 23, 2018): 120–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.22290/jbnc.v22i3.1019.

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Schistosomiasis is a cutaneously acquired infection caused by trematodes (fla¬tworms from the phylum Platyhelminthes), due to swimming in contaminated waters. The central nervous system (CNS) schistosomiasis is a rare presen¬tation of the disease. Brain infection due to S. Mansoni has been rarely reported, in anedoctal fashion. It should be early recognized , since an available treatment may prevent neurological deterioration. A high index of sus¬picion is necessary, mainly in patients coming from endemic areas, with brain or spinal cord lesions associated with eosino¬philia and inflammatory CSF. The finding schistosoma eggs in stools or in a CNS biopsy confirms the diagnosis. We re¬port on a 35-year old brazilian man harboring an isolated brain infection due to S. mansoni.

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12

MEDEIROS, Tibério B., Ana Lucia C. DOMINGUES, Carlos F. LUNA, and Edmundo P. LOPES. "CORRELATION BETWEEN PLATELET COUNT AND BOTH LIVER FIBROSIS AND SPLEEN DIAMETER IN PATIENTS WITH SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI." Arquivos de Gastroenterologia 51, no. 1 (March 2014): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-28032014000100008.

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Context Studies have described the correlation between platelet count and the stages of fibrosis in chronic viral hepatitis, but few publications have studied this correlation in Schistosomiasis mansoni. Objectives Therefore, this study aimed to correlate platelet count with both the periportal fibrosis pattern and spleen diameter evaluated by ultrasound exam in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni. Methods Patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni were evaluated by abdominal ultrasound by a single examiner for the determination of periportal fibrosis pattern (Niamey classification) and spleen diameter. Platelet counts were performed in an automated cell counter. Results One hundred eighty-seven patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni (mean age: 50.2 years) were included in the study, 114 of whom (61%) were women. Based on the Niamey classification, the ultrasound analysis revealed that 37, 64, 64 and 22 patients exhibited patterns C, D, E and F, respectively. In these four groups, the mean number of platelets was 264, 196, 127 and 103 x 109/L and mean spleen diameter was 9.2, 11.9, 14.9 and 16.2 centimeters, respectively. A reduction in platelet count was significantly associated with both the progression of the periportal fibrosis and the increase in spleen size. Conclusions Platelet count in patients with Schistosomiasis mansoni was inversely correlated with the severity of periportal fibrosis and spleen diameter.

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13

LAMBERTUCCI, J. Roberto, Abdunnabi A. M. RAYES, and Rogério GERSPACHER-LARA. "Salmonella-S. mansoni ASSOCIATION IN PATIENTS WITH ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 40, no. 4 (July 1998): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651998000400005.

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Two young men with Salmonella bacteraemia, active schistosomiasis and the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome are reported. The clinical presentation comprised nonspecific signs and symptoms, such as fatigue, malaise, weight loss, diarrhoea, prolonged fever, and hepatosplenomegaly. In one patient, liver biopsy showed poorly formed granulomata around Schistosoma mansoni eggs and hepatitis. Treatment of schistosomiasis alone induced consistent clinical improvement with eventual cure of both Salmonella and S. mansoni infections. Recognition of the Salmonella-S. mansoni association in patients with AIDS is important because treatment of schistosomiasis makes a difference, improving the prognosis of this otherwise, recurrent, potentially fatal bacteraemia.

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14

Greco, Dirceu B., Enio R. P. Pedroso, J. R. Lambertucci, Manoel O. C. Rocha, Paulo Marcos Z. Coelho, Pedro Raso, and Cid S. Ferreira. "Pulmonary involvement in Schistosomiasis mansoni." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 82, suppl 4 (1987): 221–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761987000800040.

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15

Lambertucci, José Roberto, Izabela Voieta, and Alfredo José Afonso Barbosa. "Schistosomiasis mansoni of the prostate." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 39, no. 2 (April 2006): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822006000200021.

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16

Lambertucci, José Roberto, Vinicius Tostes Carvalho, and Luciana Cristina dos Santos Silva. "Pulmonary hypertension in schistosomiasis mansoni." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 39, no. 3 (June 2006): 295–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822006000300016.

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17

Lambertucci, José Roberto, Luciana Cristina dos Santos Silva, and Luciene Mota Andrade. "Caput medusae in schistosomiasis mansoni." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 39, no. 6 (December 2006): 584–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822006000600018.

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18

Fataar, S., H. Bassiony, S. Satyanath, MA Rudwan, S. Khaffaji, W. el Magdy, AG Al-Ansari, and R. Hanna. "CT of hepatic schistosomiasis mansoni." American Journal of Roentgenology 145, no. 1 (July 1985): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2214/ajr.145.1.63.

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19

Barbosa, Marcia M., Joel A. Lamounier, Edmundo C. Oliveira, Mara V. Souza, Darley S. Marques, Arnaldo A. Silva, and JoséR Lambertucci. "Pulmonary hypertension in schistosomiasis mansoni." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 90, no. 6 (November 1996): 663–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(96)90424-1.

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20

Farid, Z., B. Trabolsi, and A. Hafez. "Acute schistosomiasis mansoni (Katayama syndrome)." Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology 80, no. 5 (October 1986): 563–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00034983.1986.11812066.

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21

AZEVEDO, LUIZ S., FLAVIO J. DE PAULA, LUI E. IANHEZ, LUIZ B. SALDANHA, and EMIL SABBAGA. "RENAL TRANSPLANTATION AND SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI." Transplantation 44, no. 6 (December 1987): 795–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00007890-198712000-00015.

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22

Willemsen, U. F., Th Pfluger, W. G. Zoller, G. Kueffer, and K. Hahn. "MRI of Hepatic Schistosomiasis Mansoni." Journal of Computer Assisted Tomography 19, no. 5 (September 1995): 811–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004728-199509000-00022.

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23

Jordan, P. "Morbidity in schistosomiasis mansoni II." Parasitology Today 8, no. 2 (February 1992): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(92)90087-i.

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24

Carneiro, Renata de Carvalho Bicalho, Alexandre Lemos da Silveira Santos, Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant, Fábio Tôrres Rabelo, Carla Maia Ligeiro, Isabella Peixoto de Barcelos, Vanessa Barbosa Silva, Virgínia Sheila Xavier Silva, and Maria do Carmo Pereira Nunes. "Endomyocardial fibrosis associated with mansoni schistosomiasis." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 44, no. 5 (October 2011): 644–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822011000500026.

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Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a neglected tropical disease that affects millions of people worldwide. EMF is the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy, caused by deposition of fibrous tissue on endocardial surfaces. EMF is a major cause of death in areas where it is endemic, but the pathogenesis of the disease is poorly understood. Schistosomiasis mansoni is a parasitic disease endemic in Brazil, where EMF has also been described. The association between EMF and schistosomiasis has been suggested in various publications, seeking a possible correlation between endocardial and periportal fibroses. This report describes a case of EMF associated with schistosomiasis.

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25

Fallon, P. G., R. O. Cooper, A. J. Probert, and M. J. Doenhoff. "Immune-dependent chemotherapy of schistosomiasis." Parasitology 105, S1 (January 1992): S41—S48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003118200007534x.

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SUMMARYHost immune responses have been shown to enhance the efficacy of several schistosomicidal drugs. The evidence derives mainly from experiments on Schistosoma mansoni infections in the mouse with their immune status variously modulated; this review emphasises praziquantel (PZQ), which is now the main drug used for treatment of human schistosomiasis. Electron microscopy and indirect immunofluorescence indicate that PZQ disrupts the integrity of the surface membranes of S. mansoni, particularly those covering the dorsal tubercles of adult male worms, and this causes antigens which are the targets of antibody attack to be revealed. We review the evidence that two S. mansoni antigens in particular are implicated in the immune-dependent action of PZQ: a 200 kDa glycoprotein and a 27 kDa antigen with non-specific esterase activity.

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26

Silva, Joacil Carlos da, Frederico de Melo Tavares de Lima, Cláudio Henrique Vidal, and Hildo Cirne Rocha de Azevedo Filho. "Schistosomiasis mansoni presenting as a cerebellar tumor: case report." Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria 65, no. 3b (September 2007): 845–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0004-282x2007000500023.

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The Manson's schistosomiasis tumoral form rarely affects the brain. There are only 12 cases prior related with a mean age of 25 years and a male predominance. We describe a 16-year-old Brazilian Northeastern boy with a cerebellar mass lesion. The radiological aspect was considered compatible with glioma and a gross total resection was performed. Microscopic examination disclosed intraparenchymal granulomas surrounding Schistosoma mansoni eggs. The case is compared with the literature findings and some peculiar aspects of this trematode infection are reviewed.

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27

CARVALHO, Omar S., Cristiano L. MASSARA, Henrique L. GUERRA, Yoná R. CAMPOS, Roberta L. CALDEIRA, Adelú CHAVES, and Naftale KATZ. "RE-EVALUATION OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS MANSONI IN MINAS GERAIS, BRAZIL. III. "NOROESTE DE MINAS" MESOREGION." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 40, no. 5 (September 1998): 277–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46651998000500002.

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This study was conducted to assess the presence of schistosomiasis mansoni in the "Noroeste de Minas" mesoregion, an area considered non-endemic. A malacologic survey and parasitologic stool examinations were undertaken in 13 municipalities of the mesoregion. A sample of 3,283 primary school students was submitted to fecal examination by the Kato-Katz method. A total of 3,627 planorbids was collected and examined. The molluscs were identified as Biomphalaria straminea in seven municipalities (Unaí, Bonfinópolis de Minas, Paracatu, João Pinheiro, Vazante, Lagamar and Lagoa Grande) and as Biomphalaria peregrina in one (Presidente Olegário). All planorbids were negative for Schistosoma mansoni. Four students were diagnosed with schistosomiasis in the municipalities of Buritis, Formoso, Paracatu and Unaí, but none of these cases was considered autochthonous. The data obtained indicate that the "Noroeste de Minas" mesoregion continues to be non-endemic for schistosomiasis mansoni, although the presence of intermediate hosts associated with parasitized individuals emphasizes the need for epidemiological surveillance of schistosomiasis in this mesoregion.

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Vargas, Thiago Jeunon de Sousa, Raquel Lopes, Maria de Lourdes Palermo F. N. Moraes, Karen Grace Pena de Azevedo, and Maria Auxiliadora Jeunon Sousa. "Ectopic cutaneous Schistosomiasis." Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia 88, no. 5 (October 2013): 820–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/abd1806-4841.20132105.

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The authors report a case of ectopic cutaneous schistosomiasis in a 35 year-old female who presented clustered reddish macules and papules on the left buttock. The diagnosis was not suspected during clinical evaluation and required visualization of Schistosoma mansoni eggs on sections of tissue.

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29

Sombetzki, Martina, Nicole Koslowski, Sandra Doss, Micha Loebermann, Michael Trauner, Emil C. Reisinger, and Martin Sauer. "Biosensor for Hepatocellular Injury Corresponds to Experimental Scoring of Hepatosplenic Schistosomiasis in Mice." BioMed Research International 2016 (2016): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1567254.

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Severe hepatosplenic injury of mansonian schistosomiasis is caused by Th2 mediated granulomatous response against parasite eggs entrapped within the periportal tissue. Subsequent fibrotic scarring and deformation/sclerosing of intrahepatic portal veins lead to portal hypertension, ascites, and oesophageal varices. The murine model ofSchistosoma mansoni(S. mansoni) infection is suitable to establish the severe hepatosplenic injury of disease within a reasonable time scale for the development of novel antifibrotic or anti-infective strategies againstS. mansoniinfection. The drawback of the murine model is that the material prepared for complex analysis of egg burden, granuloma size, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis is limited due to small amounts of liver tissue and blood samples. The objective of our study was the implementation of a macroscopic scoring system for mice livers to determine infection-related organ alterations ofS. mansoniinfection. In addition, anin vitrobiosensor system based on the detection of hepatocellular injury in HepG2/C3A cells following incubation with serum of moderately (50S. mansonicercariae) and heavily (100S. mansonicercariae) infected mice affirmed the value of our scoring system. Therefore, our score represents a valuable tool in experimental schistosomiasis to assess severity of hepatosplenic schistosomiasis and reduce animal numbers by saving precious tissue samples.

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30

Elsammani, Nadia A., Abdelghaffar Ali Adam, Adam Abdalla Mater, and Mohamed Osman Elamin. "PREVALENCE OF SCHISTOSOMIASIS AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN IN BAHRI LOCALITY, SUDAN." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 7, no. 9 (September 30, 2019): 299–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v7.i9.2019.614.

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Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) the genus Schistosoma. Schistosomiasis is a chronic, debilitating disease that affects the populations of tropical and subtropical countries, especially children at School-age. In Sudan schistosomiasis is a major health problem adversely affecting the health of vulnerable populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the prevalence of schistosomiasis among school children in selected basic schools in Bahary Locality, Khartoum State, Sudan from December 2017 to January 2018. Urine and faecal samples were collected from 600 school-aged children and examined for the eggs of S. haematobium and S. mansoni using standard sedimentation and Kato technique, respectively. The overall of prevalence schistosomiasis 16,5% which the prevalence of S. haematobium among pupils examined was 16% and the prevalence of S. mansoni was 0.5%. Additionally, male’s reported higher prevalence (22.7%) of S. haematobium than the female’s (4.1%) also males reported higher prevalence of S. mansoni female with prevalence rate 7.7% and 2.2% for males and females respectively. According to the study participant age-groups; age group 13-15 years had the highest prevalence (22%) of S. haematobium was recorded and age group 10- 12 years comes next (18.5%) followed by age group 6 -9 years (7.5%); this difference of the age group as a factor was statistically significant (x2 = 17.9 –p value n =0.0) , but in S. mansoni age group 10-12 years had the highest (0.8%) prevalence , also there was statistically significant (P=0.04). This study highlights that schistosomiasis is a public health problem among children in Bahary locality. The findings of the study suggested appropriate intervention against schistosomiasis such as mass treatment, health education and control of the intermediate snail host.

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31

Oliveira, Ana Luna de, Elizabeth Malagueño, Adriana Maria da Silva Telles, Maria Helena Madruga, and José Valfrido de Santana. "Experimental schistosomiasis in the Common Marmoset Callithrix jacchus." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 37, no. 3 (June 2004): 222–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822004000300006.

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In order to evaluate Callithrix jacchus as an animal model for mansoni schistosomiasis, a group of 10 male animals were once percutaneously exposed to 250 cercariae of the Schistosoma mansoni SLM (São Lourenço da Mata) strain. Animals were periodically bled for measuring serum level of enzymes and proteins and for blood cell counting. When comparing pre-infection to post-infection values, a significant increase was found for alkaline phosphatase at 15 to 120 days p.i., differential counts of eosinophil at 45 and 60 days, and total protein and global eosinophil counts at 120 days. No Schistosoma mansoni eggs were found in stools. Adult worms of small size were recovered from five animals. At day 120, the number of Schistosoma mansoni eggs/g of tissue was 0-289.7 (liver), 0-30.1 (large intestine) and 0-171.4 (small intestine). These findings lead us to classify Callithrix jacchus as a non-permissive host to the SLM strain of Schistosoma mansoni.

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32

Nishioka, Sérgio de Andrade, Marcelo Simão Ferreira, and Marcius Kleber Nunes Burgarelli. "Serratia marcescens bacteremia associated with schistosomiasis mansoni." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 25, no. 3 (September 1992): 191–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821992000300007.

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The case of a 21 -year-old man coming from rural Paraíba, northeastern Brazil, with schistosomiasis mansoni associated with Serratia marcescens bacteremia, is reported. His main complaints on admission were fever, diaphoresis and chills for ten days, and diarrhoea that lasted for four days. On physical examination he hadjaundice and hepatosplenomegaly. Diagnosis of S. marcescens bacteremia was made by isolation of the bacterium in blood culture, and schistosomiasis was diagnosed by rectal and liver biopsies. This is the first time that the association of S. marcescens bacteremia and schistosomiasis mansoni is recognized. Although our case does not fit into the classic definition of prolonged bacteremia associated with schistosomiasis, it can be considered as a mild form of this association. With the improvement of medical assistance and laboratory facilities, early diagnosis of this association will be made more frequently, cases with short duration will be diagnosed few days after the start of the symptoms, and classic prolonged cases will become rarer.

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33

Martinez, Elaine Machado, Michele Costa-Silva, Renata Heisler Neves, Regina Maria Figueiredo de Oliveira, and José Roberto Machado-Silva. "Biological implications of the phenotypic plasticity in the Schistosoma mansoni - Nectomys squamipes model." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, no. 4 (August 2008): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652008000400008.

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The water-rat Nectomys squamipes is mostly important non-human host in schistosomiasis mansoni transmission in Brazil, due to its susceptibility, high abundance and water-contact pattern. During experimental infection of N. squamipes with Schistosoma mansoni, adult worms show phenotypic plasticity. This finding led us to investigate whether biological behavior is also affected. This was assessed comparing the biological characteristics of four S. mansoni strains: BE (State of Belém do Pará), CE (State of Pernambuco), CMO (State of Rio Grande do Norte) and SJ (State of São Paulo) using laboratory-bred N. squamipes. The infection was monitored by determination of the pre-patent period, fecal egg output, egg viability, intestinal egg count and, infectivity rate. No biological modification was observed in these parameters. Overall results highlight that N. squamipes was susceptible to several S. mansoni strains, suggesting that it might contribute to the maintenance of schistosomiasis mansoni in Brazil.

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34

Sallam, Jamal A., and Stephen G. Wright. "Schistosomiasis Mansoni in Yemen: A Review." Annals of Saudi Medicine 12, no. 3 (May 1992): 294–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.1992.294.

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35

Lenzi, H. L., J. A. Lenzi, F. C. Rosman, M. Pelajo-Machado, E. M. Mota, M. S. Panasco, and D. N. Oliveira. "Extramedullary hematopoiesis in murine schistosomiasis mansoni." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 90, no. 2 (April 1995): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02761995000200008.

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36

Gazzinelli, Giovanni, and Daniel G. Colley. "Human immune responses during schistosomiasis mansoni." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 25, no. 2 (June 1992): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821992000200006.

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Studies of immune responses as they occur in patients with schistosomiasis appear to progress relative to corrent technological advances, and to advance despite the understandable inability to pursue in vivo manipulations in this host/parasite system. Emphasis is most often placed on making immunological comparisons between such patient groups as reinfected/non-reinfected, intestinals/hepatosplenic, high/low intensities of infection, infected/uninfected within endemic areas, and those born of infected/uninfected mothers. Based on these types of comparisons, reasonable conjectures can be made regarding the immunological occurrences during this chronic exposure condition. Some consideration is now being given to the immune mechanisms of some of the observations made, and while some of these must then be carried back to experimental models for further manipulation-based analysis, new technological developments continue to assist in the field/bench ability to ask questions that might assist our understanding to a point where this knowledge can be applied to shaping developmental approaches to vaccine development and the goal of alleviating morbidity.

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37

Lambertucci, José Roberto, Izabela Voieta, and Alfredo José Afonso Barbosa. "Colonic polyps in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 38, no. 1 (February 2005): 80–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822005000100021.

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38

Lambertucci, José Roberto, Alba Otoni, and Marlene Antônia dos Reis. "Nephrotic syndrome in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 40, no. 4 (August 2007): 492–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86822007000400028.

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39

Pereira, L. M. M. B., B. M. McFarlane, P. Massarolo, M. G. Saleh, C. Bridger, V. Spinelli, S. Mies, and I. G. McFarlane. "Specific liver autoreactivity in schistosomiasis mansoni." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 91, no. 3 (May 1997): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90088-2.

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40

Braga, Moisés Heleno Vieira, Gervásio Teles Cardoso de Carvalho, Rafael Augusto Castro Santiago Brandão, Lucas Alverne Freitas de Albuquerque, Franklin Bernardes Faraj de Lima, Paulo Estevão Wandekoken Borlot, and Jair Leopoldo Raso. "Pseudotumoral Form of Cerebral Schistosomiasis Mansoni." World Neurosurgery 76, no. 1-2 (July 2011): 200–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2010.12.002.

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Lambertucci, José Roberto. "Acute schistosomiasis mansoni: revisited and reconsidered." Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 105, no. 4 (July 2010): 422–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0074-02762010000400012.

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42

Tanabe, Masanobu. "Haemostatic abnormalities in hepatosplenic schistosomiasis mansoni." Parasitology International 52, no. 4 (December 2003): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1383-5769(03)00051-5.

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43

Pereira, G. A., R. B. Bestetti, M. P. B. Leite, R. B. Santos, S. G. Ramos, F. R. Lucchesi, and J. Elias. "Portopulmpnary hypertension syndrome in schistosomiasis mansoni." Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 96, no. 4 (July 2002): 427–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0035-9203(02)90381-0.

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44

Scrimgeour, Euan M., R. Koul, J. Sallam, and M. A. Idris. "Resurgence of Schistosomiasis Mansoni in Oman." Tropical Doctor 31, no. 3 (July 2001): 185–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004947550103100331.

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45

Romero, F., M. Zanini, L. Ducati, R. Gabarra, G. Haddad, and V. de Souza. "Pseudotumoral form of cerebral Schistosomiasis Mansoni." Journal of Surgical Case Reports 2012, no. 9 (September 1, 2012): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jscr/2012.9.9.

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JASSIM, A., K. HASSAN, and D. CATTY. "Antibody isotypes in human schistosomiasis mansoni." Parasite Immunology 9, no. 6 (November 1987): 627–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3024.1987.tb00535.x.

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47

Barata, C. H., R. A. Pinto-Silva, and J. R. Lambertucci. "Abdominal ultrasound in acute schistosomiasis mansoni." British Journal of Radiology 72, no. 862 (October 1999): 949–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.72.862.10673945.

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48

GARCIA, A. A., A. L. SILVA, L. R. OLIVEIRA, N. KATZ, G. GAZZINELLI, and D. G. COLLEY. "Immune Responses during Human Schistosomiasis Mansoni." Scandinavian Journal of Immunology 24, no. 4 (October 1986): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3083.1986.tb02129.x.

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PEREIRA, L. "Specific liver autoreactivity in schistosomiasis mansoni." Hepatology 18, no. 4 (October 1993): A177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0270-9139(93)92234-q.

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50

Teles, Horacio Manuel Santana, Cláudio Santos Ferreira, and Maria Esther de Carvalho. "Assessment of control and epidemiologic details of the schistosomiasis mansoni in Bananal, São Paulo, Brazil." Revista Brasileira de Epidemiologia 17, no. 2 (June 2014): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4503201400020018eng.

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The purpose of our study in the municipality of Bananal, state of São Paulo, Brazil, was to stop the transmission of schistosomiasis mansoni. Particular emphasis was given to such items as the active surveillance and eventual treatment of hosts, mapping parasite foci, and increasing the extent of basic sanitation in the municipality. Now, our records indicate that the eradication of schistosomiasis in the municipality of Bananal is attainable. However, as the vector Biomphalaria tenagophila can still be found in some water bodies within this municipality, it remains included in the area where schistosomiasis is endemic, which calls for very strict measures to avoid the human cases of schistososomiasis. The expansion of the coverage of the basic sanitation network and treatment of Schistosoma mansoni cases diagnosed during periodic surveys are part of the plans to eradicate schistosomiasis in Bananal.

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