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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Schizophrenia Cognition disorders'
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Lee, W. "Subjective cognitive impairments in Schizophrenia and related disorders." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31384948.
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李穎 and W. Lee. "Subjective cognitive impairments in Schizophrenia and related disorders." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31384948.
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Fish, Scott Christopher. "Pupillary response measures of processing resource allocation during theory of mind task performance in schizophrenia." Diss., [La Jolla] : University of California, San Diego, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3360156.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed August 11, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 36-39).
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Lee, Wing-ho Peter. "Information processing deficits and outcome patterns in schizophrenic patients /." [Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong], 1989. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B12561927.
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Sestito, Nicole Chute Douglas L. "Improving everyday action through executive training in schizophrenia /." Philadelphia, Pa. : Drexel University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1860/3261.
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Savla, Gauri Nayak. "Executive functions in schizophrenia defining and refining the constructs /." Diss., [La Jolla] : [San Diego] : University of California, San Diego ; San Diego State University, 2009. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3349662.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of California, San Diego and San Diego State University, 2009.Title from first page of PDF file (viewed April 16, 2009). Available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 85-94).
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Cheung, Vinci, and 張穎思. "Cognitive dysfunction implicated in the expression of attentional blink in schizophrenia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29741890.
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Cheung, Vinci. "Cognitive dysfunction implicated in the expression of attentional blink in schizophrenia /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25248534.
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Crouch, Barry. "Cognitive dysfunction in schizophrenia : novel models and behavioural methods for preclinical research." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2015. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=229384.
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Burns, Amy Minh Nhat. "Theory of mind, social cognition, and neural functioning in schizophrenia spectrum disorders." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59475.
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Social cognitive functioning has been shown to be impaired in patients with schizophrenia (SZ), and these impairments are associated with functional outcomes. To better understand these deficits this dissertation investigated the neurocognitive processes associated with several social cognitive tasks. A novel irony comprehension paradigm was developed for use with electroencephalogram (EEG). The N400, a negative event related potential (ERP) that occurs 300-500 ms after the onset of a semantically incongruent word, and the P600, a positive ERP that occurs around 500-800 ms, were used to index irony comprehension. Study 1 revealed that SZ performed worse than healthy controls (HC) across three measures of social cognition – emotion perception, Theory of Mind (ToM), and irony comprehension. Furthermore, negative symptoms of SZ were associated with poor ToM performance. ERP findings showed that HC exhibited hemispheric differences in N400 amplitude in response to ironic sentences, with the left hemisphere showing smaller amplitudes to ironic compared to literal statements, whereas SZ did not show this differentiation. Although HC processed ironic statements differently compared to SZ, the direction of the effect was opposite of what was hypothesized. Study 2 examined the durability of this unanticipated finding in a larger group of HC. The N400 effect from Study 1was not replicated – there were no differences in N400 amplitude for ironic and literal statements. A difference in P600 was found whereby the P600 amplitude for literal was greater than for ironic. Self-reported schizotypal traits were associated with poor ToM performance. Study 3 examined whether computerized cognitive remediation (CCR), which has been shown to improve neurocognition, would generalize to social cognition, and whether these changes could be detected at a neural level using EEG. The CCR program implemented in this study produced no improvement in neurocognition or social cognition. Taken together, these results suggest that several aspects of social cognition are impaired in patients with schizophrenia, on a behavioural and possibly a neural level. Future studies are necessary to determine the most effective framework for CCR to minimize the deficits in interpersonal skills that are linked to both general cognitive abilities and social cognition in those with schizophrenia.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
Graduate
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Duff, Barbara Jane. "Cognition in t(1;11) translocation carriers and patients with psychotic disorders." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28826.
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Deficits in a number of cognitive domains have been associated with core symptoms of schizophrenia, including working memory, attention, motor skills, reaction time, episodic memory and executive function. Bipolar Disorder is also associated with cognitive impairment; however the level of impairment appears to be less severe than that seen in schizophrenia. A translocation (t(1;11)) containing the Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene has been found to be highly associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. As such, this gene has been the focus of much research and to date DISC1 has been found to be associated with brain development, brain structure and the glutamate system - all key factors in current models of schizophrenia and affective disorders. The aim of this PhD is to identify cognitive domains that are differentially impaired or unimpaired in a large Scottish family, some of whom carry this rare DISC1 variant, a balanced translocation (t (1;11) (q 42; q14.3)), that segregates with schizophrenia and affective disorders, as well as psychiatric patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and healthy control subjects. All participants have undergone standardised cognitive assessments to measure premorbid I.Q. (NART), current I.Q. (WASI) verbal memory, working memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, motor skills, executive function (BACS) and selected CANTAB tasks to assess simple and five-choice reaction time. Polygenic risk profile scores and self-report questionnaire data have also been investigated. Results indicate an impact of the DISC1 t(1;11) translocation on general intelligence and attention and processing speed. Significant differences were also identified between DISC1 t(1;11) carriers and non-carriers on self-report questionnaire data. Mean scores for polygenic risk for bipolar disorder were significantly different between DISC1 t(1;11) carriers and non-carriers and polygenic risk for schizophrenia was significantly associated with symptom severity, as measured by the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). Within the patient groups, a measure of processing speed (the token motor task) was found to be significantly different between those with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and there was also a trend for attention and processing speed. As expected, I.Q. was significantly different between patients and control participants. Clinical ratings were significantly associated with neuropsychological and self-report measures. Polygenic risk for major depressive disorder was found to be significantly associated with impaired general intelligence (current IQ) and slowed reaction time in patients who were not currently depressed, suggesting there may be genetic risk markers in this population which impact on cognition. This is a novel finding and further suggests the possibility of a biological component related to the genetics of depression. In conclusion, and in line with the literature, psychosis has a negative impact on cognition with reduced performance across several neuropsychological tasks between patient groups, with schizophrenia patients performing worse than patients with bipolar disorder and both patient groups performing worse than healthy control participants. Cognition is markedly more impaired in DISC1 t(1;11) translocation carriers and especially in those with psychosis. The DISC1 t(1;11) translocation and psychosis may therefore confer a “double hit” on cognition - in addition to psychosis itself - which is known to impair cognitive function, significantly increasing the level of cognitive impairment and increasing the risk for psychosis in general.
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李永浩 and Wing-ho Peter Lee. "Information processing deficits and outcome patterns in schizophrenic patients." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1989. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31231858.
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Darrell-Berry, Hannah. "Predictors and mediators of anger and aggression in schizophrenia spectrum disorders." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/predictors-and-mediators-of-anger-and-aggression-in-schizophrenia-spectrum-disorders(ea8600bc-2498-4f6b-9ff2-6c0315c7db99).html.
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The aim of this thesis was to explore the relationship between anger and aggression, insecure attachment, paranoia and social cognition in psychosis. It is presented as three separate papers: 1) a systematic review examining the relationship between paranoia and aggression in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, 2) an empirical study investigating predictors and mediators of trait anger across the psychosis continuum: the role of insecure attachment, paranoia and social cognition and 3) a critical reflection of the research process. Paper one provides a systematic review of the relationship between paranoia and aggression in schizophrenia spectrum disorders. A comprehensive search of the published literature identified fifteen eligible studies. The quality of the included articles is critically appraised during the synthesis of the findings. Methodological limitations, clinical implications and recommendations for future research are considered. Paper two provides an examination of predictors and mediators of trait anger across the psychosis continuum, considering the role of insecure attachment, paranoia and social cognition. Tests of theory of mind and measures of attachment, hostile attribution bias, paranoia and anger were administered to 174 participants (14 ultra-high risk of psychosis, 20 first-episode psychosis, 20 established psychosis and 120 non-clinical). Multiple regression analysis found attachment avoidance, paranoia and hostile attribution bias were significantly related to trait anger. Mediation analysis revealed paranoia mediated the relationship between attachment avoidance and trait anger. The results are discussed with consideration to previous research and limitations of the study. Clinical implications and recommendations for future research are also offered. Paper three provides a critical reflection of papers one and two, with reference to their design, implementation and interpretation. Personal reflections of the research process as a whole are also provided.
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Waters, Flavie. "Cognitive dysfunction underlying auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia : a combined-deficits model." University of Western Australia. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2005.0047.
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[Truncated abstract] Auditory hallucinations are some of the most distressing and disabling symptoms of schizophrenia. However very little is known about the exact processes responsible for auditory hallucinations. The aim of this thesis is to provide a new perspective on the nature of the cognitive deficits underlying auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. As a preliminary study to the investigation of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia, a factor analysis of a measure of hallucinatory predisposition, the Launay- Slade Hallucination Scale-Revised (Bentall & Slade, 1985), was carried out on data from a large sample of undergraduate students (N = 562). An overlap in characteristics between hallucinatory-like experiences in normal individuals and auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia should draw attention to factors that are important to the hallucinatory experience in general. One of the findings from this study was that intrusiveness is a commonly reported characteristic of hallucinatory-like experiences in normal individuals. Intrusiveness is also one of the defining features of auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Since the process of inhibition is essential for suppressing unwanted thoughts, the first set of two studies using patients with schizophrenia (N = 43) investigated the presence of an (intentional) inhibition failure in auditory hallucinations using the Hayling Sentence Completion Test (HSCT; Burgess & Shallice, 1996) and the Inhibition of Currently Irrelevant Memories Task (ICIM; Schnider & Ptak, 1999). It was found that auditory hallucinations were linked to a deficit in intentional inhibition as measured by these tasks. The process of inhibition was further investigated using the Affective Shifting task, but auditory hallucinations were not associated with a deficit on this task. Possible differences in the inhibitory demands of the HSCT, ICIM and Affective Shifting tasks are discussed.
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Olivier, Marius Riaan. "Neurocognition and thought disorder : it’s association, temporal stability and outcome correlates in first-episode psychosis." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97079.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Abstract Neurocognitive deficits and thought disorder in schizophrenia have generally been accepted as core features of the illness, yet their underlying relationship, response to treatment, and correlations with outcome remain unclear. Most of the studies to date have used cross-sectional designs and focussed on stable patients already on treatment. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in neurocognition and thought disorder in antipsychotic naïve or minimally treated first episode psychosis (FEP) patients, over the course of 12 months of treatment according to a standard algorithm with flupenthixol decanoate (FD) long acting injectable antipsychotic. This was a prospective, non-comparative, open-label, longitudinal study of 42 patients with FEP. There was an initial wash-out phase of up to 7 days after which treatment was initiated with oral flupenthixol, 1 to 4 mg/day for 1 week prior to when the first long-acting FD was given. The starting dose of FD was 10mg every second week, with dose increases allowed at 6-week intervals. The Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and Rorschach Percerptual Thinking Index (PTI) were used as the primary co-measures for the assessment of neurocognition, thought disorder and perceptual disturbances respectively, at baseline prior to treatment, at month 6 and month 12. The main findings of this study were as follows: we confirmed the presence of significant neurocognitive impairment, thought disorder and perceptual disturbances prior to treatment, with improvement in neurocognitive performance and thought disorder from baseline to 6 months, with form perception improving later between month 6 and month 12. Improvements in symptoms were associated with improvements in neurocognitive performance, thought disorder and perceptual disturbances but a degree of residual impairment was evident at month 12. This study confirmed the association between neurocognition and form perception per se as well as their relative stability in FEP after initial improvement with treatment. We found support for the correlation between the amount of improvement in neurocognition, thought and perceptual disorder with outcome. We found the Social and Occupational Functioning Scale (SOFAS) to be a more robust measure of social and functional outcome with highest level of education (HLOE), substance abuse, reasoning-and-problem solving, form perception and Rorschach PTI emerging as predictors in a best subset regression analysis. The findings of this study suggest that neurocognitive impairments, thought disorder and perceptual disturbances have both state and trait like features, that patients benefit from treatment with a low-dose FGA, and that residual neurocognitive and perceptual impairment after treatment may indicate persisting underlying cerebral pathology.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Abstrak Neurokognitiewe inkortinge en gedagteproses versteuring in skisofrenie word algemeen aanvaar as kern eienskappe van die siekte, tog is die onderliggende verhouding, die respons op behandeling, en die verwantskap met uitkoms onduidelik. Die meeste studies het 'n oorkruis-deursnee navorsingontwerp gebruik en gefokus op stabiele pasiёnte wat reeds op behandeling was. Die doel van hierdie studie was om die verandering in neurokognisie, gedagte vesteuring en perseptuele inkortinge te meet in eersteepisode psigose pasiёnte wat behandeling naïef was, of wat minimale behandeling gekry het, oor die verloop van 12 maande, met die toediening van 'n langwerkende, lae dosis flupenthixol inspuiting. Hierdie was 'n prospektiewe, nie-vergelykende, oop etiket, longitudinale studie van 42 eerste episode psigose pasiёnte almal op behandeling volgens 'n vaste protokol. Daar was 'n inisiёle uitwas periode van tot 7 dae waarna behandeling begin is op orale flupethixol, 1 tot 4 mg/dag vir 1 week voordat die eerste langwerkende flupenthixol inspuiting toegedien was. Die aanvangsdosis was 10mg elke tweede week met verhogings in dosis elke sesde week daarna. Die "Matrics Consensus Cognitive Battery'' (MCCB) en Rorschach "Perceptual Thinking Index" (PTI) is gebruik as die primêre instrumente vir die meting van neurokognisie, gedagte versteuring en perseptuele inkorting in noue samehang voor aanvang van behandeling, op maand 6 en op maand 12. Die hoof bevindinge van hierdie studie was as volg: Ons het die teenwoordigheid van beduidende neurokognitiewe, gedagte versteuring en perseptuele inkortinge bevestig voor behandeling, met verbetering in neurokognitiewe prestasie en gedagte versteuring tussen basislyn en maand 6, en verbetering in vorm persepsie wat later gevolg het tussen maand 6 en maand 12. Die verbetering in simptome was geassosieёr met verbetering in neurokognitiewe prestasie, gedagte versteuring en perseptuele inkortinge maar teen maand 12 was 'n graad van residuele neurokognitiewe en perseptuele inkortinge aanwesig. Hierdie studie het die verwantskap tussen neurokognisie en vorm persepsie bevestig, asook die relatiewe stabiliteit daarvan in eerste episode psigose na aanvanklike verbetering op behandeling. Ons het bewyse gevind wat die korrelasie tussen neurokognisie, gedagte en perseptuele versteuring met uitkomste ondersteun. Ons het bevind dat die "Social and Occuapational Functioning Scale" (SOFAS) 'n meer robuuste meting van sosiale en funksionele uitkoms is, en dat hoogste opvoedkundige vlak, substans misbruik, redenering-en-probleem oplossing, vorm persepsie en die Rorschach PTI as voorspellers identifiseer was in 'n beste substel regressie analise. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie suggereer dat neurokognitiewe, gedagte versteuringe en perseptuele inkortinge oor beide toestand en trek eienskappe beskik, en dat pasiёnte verbeter het met behandeling op 'n lae dosis eerste generasie antipsigotikum, en dat residuele neurokognitiewe en perseptuele inkortinge na behandeling aanduidend kan wees van onderliggende serebrale patologie.
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Haig, Albert R. "Missing links the role of phase synchronous gamma oscillations in normal cognition and their dysfunction in schizophrenia /." Connect to full text, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/848.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2002.Title from title screen (viewed Apr. 28, 2008). Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Dept. of Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine. Includes bibliography. Also available in print form.
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Aubin, Ginette. "Daily activities in people with schizophrenia : relationships with cognition and community functioning." Thesis, McGill University, 2008. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=115848.
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While most people with schizophrenia face the functional consequences of a lifelong disorder, very few studies have investigated the specific domain of daily living activities performance. The purpose of this thesis was to examine the relationships between daily activity performance, cognitive deficits, and community functioning in people with schizophrenia. More specifically, the objectives were: 1) to describe functional limitations during daily task performance, 2) to explore the existence of subgroups of participants with similar functional limitations profiles, 3) to explore the relationships between daily task performance and cognitive functions as well as 4) with community functioning. This thesis tested the hypothesis that limitations in task performance negatively influence community functioning.A sample of 82 individuals with schizophrenia and 28 healthy controls participated in this study and were assessed during a meal preparation task with the Perceive, Recall, Plan and Perform (PRPP) System of Task Analysis and on cognitive tests of visuospatial memory, spatial working memory, visuomotor coordination, planning and selective attention. Community functioning was assessed with the Independent living Skills Survey and the Multnomah Community Ability Scale. Limitations in the Perceive, Recall and Plan quadrants of the PRPP System, were found in participants with schizophrenia when compared to a control group (n = 28), as well as in the complete sample (n = 82). Participants in the high-efficiency subgroup ( n =36) were more independent in daily living and performed better on the visuospatial associative learning task than the low-efficiency subgroup (n = 46). At the specific level of individual profiles, participants were distributed along a continuum of low- to high-functioning on the PRPP System factors and on functional, cognitive, and clinical characteristics.
The associative learning task was most associated with task performance, along with working memory and planning. Finally, less efficient planning skills were associated with a lower level of community functioning, confirming the hypothesis. These results emphasize the relationship of associative visual memory to daily task performance, as well as that of efficiency in daily activities for residential status. Integrating these findings into the rehabilitation process will contribute to better meeting the needs of people with schizophrenia.
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Steuber, Lucas Carl. "Disordered Thought, Disordered Language: A corpus-based description of the speech of individuals undergoing treatment for schizophrenia." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/63.
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The characteristics of patient speech are used in clinical settings to make assumptions about the thought processes of people with psychotic disorders such as schizophrenia. However, there have not been any studies of the language of people with schizophrenia that present evidence drawn from a large group of speakers. This study employs a combination of quantitative and qualitative methods to determine whether 140 medicated individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia exhibit the linguistic abnormalities claimed in the literature. It also compares the speech of people with schizophrenia with that of people diagnosed with depression in order to assess whether there is a statistically significant difference in presence and/or frequency of abnormal speech between the two groups. Ultimately this study finds that all of the specific types of abnormal language behavior described in the literature do occur among a large group of individuals with schizophrenia. However, many such behaviors also occur among individuals with depression; there was a significant difference between the two groups for three of the twelve categories of language features assessed in this study, which were peculiar word choice, illogicality and distractibility. Further characteristics of the language of individuals with schizophrenia were also found, which could be a basis for improving clinical diagnostic materials.
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Bartholomeusz, Cali F. "The effects of estrogen treatment on neurocognition in healthy young women and women with schizophrenia." Swinburne Research Bank, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/47154.
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Thesis (PhD) - Swinburne University of Technology, Brain Sciences Institute, 2008.A thesis submitted for the degree of Doctorate of Philosophy, Brain Sciences Institute, Swinburne University of Technology - 2008. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 189-272)
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Harrison, Benjamin James, and habj@unimelb edu au. "Functional imaging studies of executive-attention in humans comparing healthy subjects & patients with neuropsychiatric disorders." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060227.101116.
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One of the major goals of cognitive neuroscience is to better understand the psychological and
neural bases of human executive-attention. Executive or supervisory attention refers to a collection
of higher-order cognitive functions whose primary contribution to behavior is to support controlled
information processing and action. The capacity to control attention is essential for our adaptive
interaction with the environment because it allows flexibility in our responses to ever changing
situational contexts and demands. Executive-attention processes therefore play a unique role in
shaping the human experience.
Use of three-dimensional functional neuroimaging has fast become the empirical standard for
investigating how executive-attention is implemented in the human brain. Most recently, emphasis
has been placed on the use of these techniques to parse discrete components of a putative neural
network relating to action-monitoring and cognitive control processes of the medial and lateral
prefrontal cortex. This work has relied heavily on the use of popular experimental paradigms such
as the Stroop task and their unique capacity to challenge such processes in humans. These tasks
have also been especially useful for conceptualizing the nature of higher-cognitive dysfunction in
complex brain disorders such as schizophrenia.
The focus of this thesis concerns a novel application of the Stroop paradigm and functional imaging
approach to examine executive-attention performance in healthy subjects and patients with
schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. On one hand, this work aimed to address
current ideas on the nature of executive-control mechanisms and how they may be compromised in
these two common psychiatric disorders. On the other hand, this work aimed to examine important
conceptual and methodological issues associated with functional imaging approaches to the study
of higher-cognition and cognitive psychopathology in humans.
In line with connectionist models of executive-attention phenomena, the first study in this thesis
investigated the effects of task practice on a larger-scale neurocognitive network associated with
performance of the Stroop task in healthy subjects. This study involved the use of a novel methodological approach to model physiological covariances or ?functional connectivity? in PET
data, which generated previously unseen and interesting insights into the neural basis of Stroop
phenomena, whilst complimenting existing ideas on the role of the anterior cingulate and lateral
prefrontal cortex in mediating executive-control functions. These findings were then extended to a
comparative study of patients with schizophrenia and obsessive-compulsive disorder. This study
largely corroborated previous reports of prefrontal executive dysfunction in schizophrenia,
although patients also showed evidence for a compensatory strengthening of connectivity in a
fronto-parietal network that accompanied task practice. This finding has important implications for
existing models of higher-cognitive dysfunction and abnormal brain integration in schizophrenia.
For patients with OCD compared to healthy subjects, performance of the Stroop task evoked a
pattern of abnormal connectivity among predominantly corticostriatal regions, including a
previously reported hyperfunction of the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. While this latter result
has been linked to a specific disturbance of action-monitoring in patients with OCD, the current
study suggests that this may map onto a more extensive corticostriatal network abnormality in line
with current theoretical models of this illness.
One caveat raised in the first study of patients with schizophrenia concerned the effects of illnesschronicity
and medication on functional imaging studies of higher-cognition and prefrontal
function in schizophrenia. To address this, a second clinical study was undertaken in patients with
a first-episode of schizophrenia (diagnosis confirmed at follow-up) who were examined before and
after commencing antipsychotic treatment. Overall, the findings from this study support the idea of
trait-like disturbances of prefrontal executive function in schizophrenia; however, they also
suggested that aspects of this disturbance may be specific to the critical, early stage of illness -
implicating progressive changes with illness chronicity and/or treatment intervention. These
findings are discussed in relation to the developmental context of cognitive psychopathology in
schizophrenia.
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Ayres, Adriana de Mello. "Disfunções cognitivas em sujeitos portadores de esquizofrenia no Brasil: amplitude, gravidade e relação com a demora no acesso ao tratamento médico." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-27082009-154755/.
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Introdução: As psicoses funcionais são transtornos psiquiátricos cuja principal característica é a perda da capacidade de julgar apropriadamente a realidade em decorrência de alterações na esfera do pensamento, percepção, emoção, movimento e comportamento. A esquizofrenia é o principal destes quadros, com curso crônico e/ou deteriorativo nas esferas social e ocupacional, gerando enormes custos pessoais e financeiros para os pacientes e cuidadores em todo o mundo. Estudos prévios têm mostrado a existência de prejuízos cognitivos em pacientes com transtornos psicóticos já no início da doença, sendo estes mais graves na esquizofrenia. Há evidências de que estes prejuízos são tanto inerentes aos próprios processos da doença quanto secundários ao tratamento. O presente estudo procurou caracterizar o perfil cognitivo de pacientes com psicoses de início recente (n=56), até 3 anos após o primeiro contato com serviços de saúde mental, sendo 34 com esquizofrenia e 22 com psicoses afetivas. Tais grupos de pacientes tiveram seu desempenho cognitivo comparado com o de um grupo controles saudável (n=70), recrutados a partir das mesmas áreas geográficas de São Paulo, Brasil. Até o momento, a maioria dos estudos foi realizada em países em desenvolvimento. Metodologia: A investigação utilizou ampla bateria de testes neuropsicológicos composta por 12 testes agrupados em 8 domínios cognitivos destinados a avaliar respectivamente amplitude atencional, velocidade de processamento da informação, memória verbal, memória visual, memória de trabalho, fluência verbal, funções executivas e funcionamento intelectual. O nível de significância foi de p < 0.05. Resultados: O desempenho do grupo de pacientes com psicoses foi pior do que o dos controles em todas as tarefas cognitivas, com diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas tarefas de velocidade de processamento da informação, memória verbal, fluência verbal e funcionamento intelectual, sendo os déficits mais graves no domínio da memória verbal (p < 0.001). Os grupos esquizofrenia e psicoses afetivas não diferiram significativamente quando comparados entre si. A inclusão do grupo controle na comparação mostrou que os pacientes com esquizofrenia tiveram desempenho significativamente pior do que os controles, o que não ocorreu entre os controles e as psicoses afetivas. A investigação da influência das variáveis demográficas e clínicas mostrou que o desempenho cognitivo foi beneficiado pela escolaridade, na maioria das funções; a idade atual maior teve associação negativa com a memória visual e fluência verbal; gênero masculino teve correlação positiva com a memória de trabalho, tempo de latência para produção de resposta não-convencional, e negativa com a quantidade de erros frente à necessidade de controle de respostas impulsivas.O padrão de tratamento descontínuo beneficiou o desempenho em tarefas de memória verbal, e prejudicou o desempenho na tarefa de antecipação espacial. O abuso/dependência de substâncias não mostrou correlação com nenhuma tarefa, o que ocorreu na análise de regressão. O início do transtorno em idades mais precoces não mostrou prejudicar o desempenho dos pacientes na maioria das tarefas. O tempo de duração de psicose não tratada (duration of untreated psychosis, DUP) mostrou correlação negativa com o tempo de latência para respostas não-convencionais no grupo das psicoses, influenciando negativamente o desempenho nas tarefas de vocabulário, memória verbal imediata e tardia, e a quantidade de respostas impulsivas. No grupo da esquizofrenia, a maior DUP esteve associada a piores resultados nas tarefas de raciocínio não-verbal, memória verbal imediata e tardia, e quantidade de erros no teste de antecipação espacial. Os sintomas negativos influenciaram negativamente os resultados em várias provas, o que não ocorreu com os sintomas positivos. Conclusão: Pacientes com psicoses funcionais de início recente apresentaram prejuízos cognitivos evidentes em comparação aos controles saudáveis. Confirmou-se também a existência de funcionamento cognitivo semelhante entre amostras de países desenvolvidos e em desenvolvimento através de bateria cognitiva ampla. Os prejuízos cognitivos estenderam-se a várias funções, configurando tendência a perfil de déficits generalizados. Embora tenha havido tendência a maior gravidade de déficits no grupo da esquizofrenia, não encontramos diferenças significativas entre os subgrupos diagnósticos, confirmando a presença de déficits cognitivos nas psicoses de início recente, particularmente nas de natureza não-afetiva.Background and Purpose: Functional psychoses are psychiatric disorders which have as their main characteristic a loss of the ability to properly judge the reality due to alterations of thought, perception, emotion, movement and behavior. The main psychotic disorder is schizophrenia, which usually as a chronic and / or deteriorating course in social and occupational relationships, generating enormous personal and financial costs for the patients and their caretakers all over the world. Previous studies have shown the presence of cognitive deficits in patients at the onset of psychoses, more severely in schizophrenia. There are evidences that those deficits are both related to disease processes and to treatment effects. The present work sought to characterize the neuropsychological profile of patients with recent onset psychoses (n=56), up to 3 years after their first contact with Mental Health Service Care 34 with schizophrenia and 22 with affective psychoses. These patient groups had their results compared to a healthy control group (n=70) recruited from the same geographic area of São Paulo City, Brazil. So far, most studies of neuropsychological functioning in patients with recent onset psychoses have been conducted in high-income countries. Method: The cognitive assessment was conducted using a neuropsychological battery comprising 12 tests, grouped into 8 cognitive domains aimed at assessing respectively intellectual functioning, attentional span, information processing speed, verbal memory, visual memory, working memory, verbal fluency and executive functioning. The significance level was set at p < 0.05. Results: The performance of the psychosis group was worse than that of controls in all cognitive tasks, with statistically significant differences detected in information processing speed, verbal memory, verbal fluency and intellectual functioning tasks, most seriously in the verbal memory domain (p < 0.001). When compared against each other, the schizophrenia and affective psychoses subgroups were not significantly different. The inclusion of the control group in the analysis showed that patients with schizophrenia had significantly worse performance than controls, while such difference was not noticed when controls and affective psychoses groups were compared against. The influence of demographic variables and clinic data showed that cognitive performance was significantly associated with level of schooling in most cognitive tasks; visual memory and verbal fluency were negatively affected by age (deficit increased with age); male gender showed a positive relationship to executive memory and lag time for non-conventional answers, and a negative relationship to mistakes in impulsive answer control needs. Treatment discontinuity was related to better performance in tasks such as verbal memory, but with worse performance in the anticipation space test. Substance abuse or dependence did not influence significantly the performance in any of the tasks individually, but this occurred in the regression analysis. Earlier age of psychosis onset was non significantly related to performance of patients in any of the tasks. The duration of untreated psychoses (DUP) showed negative correlation with the lag time for non-conventional answers in the psychoses group, influencing the performance in tasks as vocabulary, immediate and delayed verbal memory, and the amount of impulsive responses negatively. In schizophrenia group, DUP was associated to worse results in non - verbal reasoning, immediate and late verbal memory, and error quantity in anticipation space test. Several activities were negatively influenced by negative symptoms, what did not occurred with positive symptoms. Conclusion: Patients with recent onset psychosis clearly display cognitive deficits when compared to healthy controls. The existence of similar cognitive functioning between samples studied in developed and developing countries was confirmed through wide cognitive test sets. Cognitive impairment was detected in multiple tasks, showing a widespread trend of deficit profiles. Although there was a tendency towards high severity deficits in the schizophrenia group, we could not find major differences amongst diagnoses subgroups. Our results reinforce the view that there are generalized cognitive deficits in association with recent-onset psychoses, particularly of non- affective nature.
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Peyroux, Elodie. "Remédiation des troubles de la cognition sociale dans la schizophrénie et les troubles apparentés : le programme RC2S : études de cas uniques." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20124/document.
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Les difficultés à interagir dans le monde social et à s’y adapter sont une plainte centrale des personnes souffrant de troubles psychiatriques et notamment de schizophrénie ou de troubles apparentés. Ces difficultés, qui constituent un frein au processus de réhabilitation psychosociale, pourraient en partie être expliquées par un dysfonctionnement des processus regroupés sous le terme de cognition sociale. La cognition sociale est définie comme la capacité à construire des représentations sur soi-même et autrui, et sur les relations entre soi et les autres, ainsi qu’à utiliser ces représentations de manière flexible, afin de guider le comportement social ; et inclut des processus tels que le traitement des émotions, la théorie de l’esprit, le style attributionnel, la perception et les connaissances sociales. Des déficits concernant les différentes composantes de la cognition sociale ont été largement mis en évidence dans la schizophrénie et les troubles apparentés, et semblent par ailleurs avoir un lien fort avec les difficultés observées dans les domaines du fonctionnement social, mais également des relations privilégiées avec les processus neurocognitifs, même si ces deux composantes semblent relativement indépendantes. Afin de compenser ces troubles, de nombreuses prises en charge de remédiation cognitive ont été proposées ces dernières années. L’objectif de ce travail de thèse a été d’évaluer la possibilité d’améliorer les déficits touchant la sphère de la cognition sociale des personnes souffrant de troubles psychotiques à l’aide d’un outil de remédiation spécifiquement développé à cet effet, le programme RC2S. Etant donnée l’hétérogénéité des déficits touchant la sphère de la cognition sociale dans la schizophrénie, et l’importance fondamentale portée au transfert des compétences dans la vie quotidienne, RC2S a été développé comme une thérapie individualisée et flexible, qui permet aux patients de s’entraîner aux interactions sociales dans un environnement réaliste, et d’adapter la prise en charge aux difficultés spécifiques de la personne. Nous présenterons ici trois études basées sur la méthodologie du cas unique, mettant en évidence l’impact de cette thérapie sur les troubles de la cognition sociale de deux patients souffrant de schizophrénie et d’un patient présentant un trouble de la personnalité schizoïdeIn people with psychiatric disorders, particularly those suffering from schizophrenia and related illnesses, pronounced difficulties in social interactions and adaptation are a key manifestation. These disabilities, which are a serious impediment to psychosocial rehabilitation process, could be partly explained by impairments in processes grouped under the generic term of social cognition. Social cognition is defined as the ability to construct mental representations about others and oneself, and about one’s relationships to others, and to use these representations in a flexible way to guide social behavior. It includes abilities such as emotion processes, theory of mind (ToM), attributional style, and social perception and knowledge. In schizophrenia and related disorders, several components of social cognition are usually altered, and are strongly associated with functional outcome and independent but partly related to neurocognitive processes. The impact of several kinds of interventions and particularly of social cognitive remediation programs has been studied recently, and new strategies and programs in this line are currently being developed. The main objective of this doctoral thesis was to assess the feasibility of improving social cognition in people with psychotic disorders, using a cognitive remediation program specifically designed for this purpose, the RC2S program. Considering that the social cognitive deficits experienced by patients with schizophrenia are very diverse, and that the main objective of social cognitive remediation is to improve patient’s functioning in their social daily life, RC2S was developed as an individualized and flexible program, which allows patients to practice social interactions in a realistic environment, and to adapt therapy to the specificity of every patient’s profile. This manuscript present three single case studies, using specific methodology, to highlight the impact of this new therapy on social cognitive impairments of two people with schizophrenia and one patient with schizoid personality disorder
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Phillips, Jennifer M. "Effects of clozapine and alprazolam on cognitive deficits and anxiety-like behaviors in a ketamine-induced rat model of schizophrenia /." Download the dissertation in PDF, 2005. http://www.lrc.usuhs.mil/dissertations/pdf/Phillips2005.pdf/.
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Frank, Christopher. "Cognitive processes in obsessive-compulsive and delusional disorders." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.320916.
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Laatikainen, Linda Maria. "The role of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) in hippocampal function." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d0c9e1fa-a052-4af7-aaff-00548365e024.
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Catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) metabolises catechol-containing compounds, including dopamine. The aim of this thesis was to investigate whether COMT is involved in hippocampal function. This thesis also explored the role of functional polymorphisms within the COMT gene in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and schizophrenia-related phenotypes. First, as part of a study investigating the role of COMT in schizophrenia, human hippocampal COMT mRNA levels were shown to be neither altered in schizophrenia or bipolar disease, nor affected by COMT genotype. Hence, functional COMT polymorphisms do not appear to operate by altering gross COMT mRNA expression. Importantly, this study showed that COMT is expressed in the human hippocampus. Second, the role of COMT in hippocampal neurochemistry was explored by studying the effect of pharmacological COMT inhibition on catecholamines and metabolites in rat hippocampal homogenates, and extracellularly, using microdialysis. Both demonstrated that COMT modulates hippocampal dopamine metabolism. Thus, hippocampal COMT is of functional significance with respect to dopamine. Third, the effect of COMT inhibition on hippocampus-dependent behaviour was investigated. The results suggested a memory-enhancing effect of pharmacological COMT inhibition on hippocampus-dependent associative and non-associative forms of short-term memory in rats. In contrast, acute COMT inhibition appeared to have no effect on behavioural correlates of ventral hippocampal function i.e. anxiety-like behaviour. In summary, the expression of COMT mRNA in the human hippocampus, as well as the effect of COMT inhibition on rat hippocampal neurochemistry and hippocampus-dependent behaviour provide evidence for a functional role of COMT in the hippocampus. Moreover, changes in COMT activity alter hippocampal dopamine metabolism, which could be a potential mechanism for the role of COMT in hippocampus-dependent short-term memory.
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Morrison, Jason Malcolm. "Empathy and theory of mind in schizophrenia and anxiety disorders." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86562.
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This study examined the factors that lead people with schizophrenia to perform poorly on experimental theory of mind (ToM) paradigms. A group with psychosis (n=26) was compared to a group with anxiety disorders (n=27) and a healthy control group (n=25) on two tests of ToM (the Eyes and Hinting tests) and a measure of global empathy (the Empathy Quotient). The psychosis group performed worse than controls on all measures, with negative symptoms as the key negative predictive factor. When divided by remission status, only the non-remitted psychotic group differed from the other two groups on ToM measures. The anxiety group performed worse than controls on the measure of global empathy, and social anxiety was associated with poor performance on ToM and global empathy paradigms. Further research into the role of anxiety in ToM performance is warranted. The role of paradigm and specific psychotic symptoms in ToM performance is discussed.Cette étude a examiné les facteurs qui contribuent au mauvais rendement des individus atteints de schizophrénie dans les paradigmes expérimentaux de la théorie de l'esprit (TdE). Un groupe avec psychose (n = 26) a été comparé à un groupe avec des troubles anxieux (n = 27) et un groupe contrôle en bonne santé (n = 25) avec deux échelles sur la TdE (soit le test des yeux et la tâche d'inférence) ainsi qu'une échelle d'empathie globale (le quotient d'empathie). Le rendement du groupe de psychose a été moindre que le rendement du groupe contrôle sur toutes les échelles, les symptômes négatifs étant déterminants dans ces résultats. Lorsque séparées par statut de rémission, seules les personnes avec symptoms actifs de psychose différaient de deux autres groupes sur les échelles de TdE. Le rendement du groupe des troubles anxieux a été moindre que le rendement du groupe contrôle sur l'échelle de l'empathie globale; l'anxiété sociale étant associée à une mauvaise performance au TdE et aux paradigmes de l'empathie globale. Plus d'études sur le rôle de l'anxiété sur la performance au TdE est nécessaire. Le rôle des paradigmes et des symptômes psychotiques spécifiques sur la performance au TdE est discuté.
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Arcuri, Silvia Maria. "Neural and cognitive studies of thought disorder in schizophrenia." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405927.
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Steuerwald, Brian L. "Identifying schizotypal personality disorder using the Rust Inventory of Schizotypal Cognitions (RISC)." Virtual Press, 1990. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/722235.
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Schizotypal Cognitions (RISC) were related to interview derived ratings of DSM-III-R schizotypal personality disorder and other personality disorders in a non-clinical college sample was examined. Moderate correlations between the RISC and schizotypal scores, but not between the RISC and other personality disorders, provided support for the validity and suggested reasonable specificity for the instrument. RISC scores correlated the greatest with schizotypal symptoms that reflect a strong cognitive component (e.g., perceptual illusions) but did not correlate with symptoms associated with social adaptation or interpersonal functioning (e.g., excessive social anxiety). Cutoff scores set at approximately 2 S.D. above the RISC mean best discriminated between non-cases and cases of subthreshold and definite schizotypal personality disorder. Limitations of the RISC and suggestions for future research are discussed.Department of Psychological Science
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Faiola, Eliana [Verfasser]. "Psychometric, Cognitive, and Oculomotor Characteristics of Schizotypy and Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders / Eliana Faiola." Bonn : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek Bonn, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1224270495/34.
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Rouse, Jennifer Louise. "Evaluating the case for kamin blocking as a cognitive endophenotype of schizophrenia spectrum disorders." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.537788.
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Lewandowski, Kathryn Eve. "The role of COMT in schizophrenic-like cognitive impairment and social functioning in children with 22q11 deletion syndrome." Greensboro, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007. http://libres.uncg.edu/edocs/etd/1480Lewandowski/umi-uncg-1480.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Greensboro, 2007.Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Feb. 29, 2008). Directed by Thomas R. Kwapil; submitted to the Dept. of Psychology. Includes bibliographical references (p. 79-111).
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Reuter, Benedikt. "Cognitive and Neural Mechanisms of Goal-directed Behavior and Their Contribution to Theories of Mental Disorders." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/21175.
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Die Research-Domain-Criteria-Initiative und andere haben vorgeschlagen, zur Konzeption psychischer Störungen dimensionale psychologische Konstrukte zu verwenden. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt mehrere Experimente, in denen mit Augenbewegungsaufgaben das Konstrukt der kognitiven Kontrolle evaluiert wurde. Die Studien sollten klären, welche kognitiven und neuronalen Mechanismen zu den bei Menschen mit Schizophrenie oder Zwangsstörung erhöhten Latenzen volitionaler Sakkaden beitragen.
In drei Studien wurden Anforderungen der Antisakkadenaufgabe isoliert und funktionelle Magnetresonanztomographie angewendet. Die Ergebnisse legen nahe, dass die verlangsamte volitionale Sakkadengenerierung bei Schizophrenie durch eine dysfunktionale Aktivierung des lateralen präfrontalen Cortex und der supplementären Augenfelder vermittelt wird, was mit Defiziten in der proaktiven Handlungskontrolle verbunden sein könnte. Fünf weitere Experimente sollten Teilprozesse aufklären und haben gezeigt, dass die Defizite möglicherweise aus einer Beeinträchtigung der volitionalen Loslösung der Fixation und der motorischen Vorbereitung resultieren. Zwei weitere Studien legen nahe, dass auch die Zwangsstörung mit erhöhten Latenzen volitionaler Sakkaden assoziiert ist. Effekte experimenteller Variation haben jedoch gezeigt, dass diesen Defiziten wahrscheinlich eine Verlangsamung der Reaktionsauswahl zugrundeliegt.
Die bei beiden Patientengruppen vermutlich betroffenen Mechanismen dienen zielgerichteten Verhaltensweisen. Man kann vermuten, dass die Defizite eine Störung auf der Ebene eines allgemeinen Faktors exekutiver Funktionen widerspiegeln. Die experimentellen Ergebnisse weisen jedoch auch auf störungsspezifische Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen hin. Zukünftige Forschung muss den Zusammenhang zwischen diesen Beeinträchtigungen und Symptomen besser aufzuklären, wenn Konzepte psychischer Störungen, die auf experimentell definierten psychologischen Konstrukten basieren, am Ende erfolgreich sein sollen.The research domain criteria initiative and others have suggested to conzeptualize mental disorders on the basis of dimensional psychological constructs. The present work describes several experiments using eye movement tasks to evaluate the construct of cognitive control. The studies aimed at uncovering cognitive and neural mechanisms involved in increased latencies of volitional saccades as found in individuals with schizophrenia or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Three studies used functional magnetic resonance imaging and isolated different demands of the antisaccade task. The results suggest that slowed volitional saccade generation in schizophrenia is mediated by dysfunctional activation of the lateral prefrontal cortex and the supplementary eye fields, which may relate to deficits in proactive control of action. Five additional behavioral experiments aimed at specifying sub-processes and showed that the deficits might result from impairments in volitional fixation disengagement and motor preparation. Two studies in individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder suggest that this disorder is also associated with increased latencies of volitional saccades. However, experimental variation revealed that these deficits may reflect a slowing in response selection. The mechanisms affected in both groups are serving goal-directed behaviors and may reflect a disturbance on the level of a common executive functions factor. However, the experimental results also suggest disorder specific functional impairment. Future research will have to improve our understanding of the relationship between these impairments and symptoms if concepts based on experimentally defined psychological constructs shall be successful in the end.
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Gonterman, Andrea R. "The relationships between insight, psychopathological symptoms, and neurocognitive function in psychotic disorders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2001. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3054/.
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Many psychotic patients fail to admit they are mentally ill. The current study evaluated the associations between insight, specific symptoms, and neurocognitive impairments. Thirty-three acute inpatients with a schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, or psychotic disorder NOS diagnosis were rated on the SAIE, Birchwood's IS, and the BPRS. Neurocognitive assessments of attention and frontal lobe functioning were also conducted. Stepwise multiple regression analyses found composites representing delusions, disorganization, and anxiety/depression, as well as CPT-IP shapes hit rate, served as significant predictors of total insight or the specific insight dimensions. At least for acute patients, symptoms tended to have stronger relationships with and were more regularly predictive of insight than neurocognitive measures, though the attentional task associated with right hemisphere functioning, contributed significantly.
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Greher, Felicia Reynolds. "Neuromotor and Neurocognitive Functioning in the Prediction of Cognition, Behavior Problems, and Symptoms at Two-year Follow-up in Youth with Schizotypal Personality Disorder." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2006. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc5412/.
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Individuals diagnosed with schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) exhibit patterns of cognitive deficits, neuromotor disturbances, and behavior problems similar to individuals with schizophrenia, and thus SPD is thought to represent one point on the continuum of schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs). Deficits in behavior, cognition, and motor functioning have been implicated as childhood precursors of SSDs and appear to also vary as a function of gender and family history of psychopathology. As such, studies of youth may help in further identification of individuals at risk for SSDs. The current study examined the prospective associations between problem behaviors, neuromotor and neurocognitive functioning, as well as SSD symptoms, at baseline and 2-year follow-up in youth meeting criteria for SPD, other personality disorders, or healthy controls. The neuromotor and neurocognitive measures were able to significantly predict SSD symptoms and behavior problems above and beyond baseline predictors. Overall, the findings provide further support for the role of subcortical motor centers operating together with prefrontal cortical areas in the regulation of higher-order cognitive functioning and in producing the psychiatric features of SSDs. Significant correlations between gender, family history of schizophrenia, and history of head injury with symptoms, behavior, cognition, and motor functioning were also found and highlight the importance of examining the effects of these variables in future investigations. In sum, the current study helped in identifying factors that predict the clinical course of schizotypy and may shed light on the disturbed neural circuitry underlying SSDs.
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Sherrer, Margaret Verona. "Testing the Association between Negative Appraisal and Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Community Clients with Serious Mental Illness." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2171.
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Thesis advisor: Ce ShenA compelling body of literature suggests that negative appraisal may be associated with adverse reactions to traumatic stress (Ehlers & Clark, 2000). However, very few studies have examined how cognitive appraisal influences posttraumatic adaptation in people with serious mental illness (SMI) despite evidence of disproportionately high prevalence rates of trauma exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in this population. The major purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between negative appraisal and PTSD symptoms among adults diagnosed with SMI. It was hypothesized that negative appraisal would have a positive and significant association with traumatic stress symptoms in a clinical sample of community clients diagnosed with major mood and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders when controlling for gender, total lifetime trauma, substance use, and severity of symptoms associated with SMI. Multiple regression was employed to conduct a secondary analysis of clinical data from 291 community support clients who were receiving services from three community mental health centers in the state of Rhode Island during March to September 2009. Results supported the main hypotheses that all three types of negative appraisal with respect to self, world /others, and self blame as well as overall appraisal were positively and significantly associated with PTSD symptoms
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Graller, Matthew. "DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF A THREE-TIERED APPROACH TO SCHIZOPHRENIC LANGUAGE: FROM NEUROPATHOLOGY TO SPEECH." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1435579787.
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Le, Gall Eva. "Exploration neurocognitive des liens entre les troubles du spectre schizophrénique et les troubles du spectre autistique : Profils communs et différences fonctionnelles dans les domaines du fonctionnement cognitif général, du langage figuré et de la cognition sociale." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE2004/document.
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Les troubles schizophréniques et les troubles du spectre autistique (TSA) ont en commun des troubles de la communication, des interactions sociales, des affects et des émotions. Dans le domaine de la cognition sociale, ces similitudes suscitent des questions sur la similarité ou les différences des processus neurocognitifs sous-jacents. Cependant, à l’heure actuelle, très peu d’études expérimentales comparent directement les personnes avec un trouble schizophrénique et les personnes avec un TSA dans les différents domaines de la cognition. Dans cette thèse, ces questions seront abordées à travers 3 domaines : le profil cognitif (évaluation du fonctionnement cognitif général et analyse qualitative de la fluence verbale), le domaine du langage pragmatique : (compréhension du langage figuré en contexte et des métaphores) et le domaine de la cognition sociale (reconnaissance des émotions faciales et style d’attribution). Ainsi, il sera examiné, si les similitudes apparentes entre les troubles schizophréniques et les TSA à ces différents domaines se matérialisent par des performances similaires et si des comportements et des performances similaires résultent de mécanismes neurocognitifs communs, différents, ou diamétralement opposés. Nos résultats ont montré que malgré des similitudes apparentes, le fonctionnement neurocognitif observé dans les troubles du spectre schizophrénique et autistique se caractérise par des différences qualitatives importantes que nous discutons dans le contexte de la littérature internationale et des perspectives cliniques de ces recherchesSchizophrenia Spectrum Disorders and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) have similar difficulties in communication, social interaction, affects and emotions. These apparent similarities raise the question whether similar or different neurocognitive processes might underlie similar symptoms and cognitive profiles. However, currently, very few experimental studies directly compare individuals with autism and schizophrenia in different cognition areas.The major aim of the present Doctoral Dissertation was to address these issues by exploring three areas: cognitive profile (the assessment of general cognitive functioning and the quantitative and the qualitative analysis of verbal fluency), pragmatic language (idiom comprehension in context and novels metaphors’ comprehension) and social cognition (facial affect recognition and attributional style). In each of these areas, the major results showed that despite apparent cognitive similarities, neurocognitive functioning observed in patients with schizophrenic disorders and autism were characterized by significant qualitative differences that were examined and discussed in the context of the international literature and in relation to the possible clinical perspectives
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Joshua, Nicole R. "Face processing in schizophrenia : an investigation of configural processing and the relationship with facial emotion processing and neurocognition /." Connect to thesis, 2010. http://repository.unimelb.edu.au/10187/7040.
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Cognitive impairment is a key characteristic of schizophrenia and is a clear predictor of functional outcome. This thesis explores the relationship between cognitive ability relating to social and non-social processing. Schizophrenia patients demonstrate an impaired ability to recognise, label and discriminate emotional expression within the face. The underlying mechanisms behind this social cognitive impairment are not yet fully understood. This thesis explores the notion that a basic perceptual impairment in processing facial information adversely impacts on the perception of more complex information derived from faces, such as emotional expression. Face perception relies on processing the featural characteristics of a face as well as the relationship between these features. Information pertaining to the spatial distances between features is referred to as configural information.A group of schizophrenia patients and healthy control participants completed a battery of tasks that assessed basic neurocognition, facial emotion processing and configural face processing. A model of face processing was proposed and used to systematically pinpoint specific deficits that may contribute to impaired face processing in schizophrenia. The results indicated that schizophrenia patients show impairments on three broad constructs; basic neurocognition, facial emotion processing, and most pertinently, deficits in configural processing. It was revealed that although neurocognitive and face processing both explained a significant proportion of the variance in facial emotion processing, the effect of neurocognition was indirect and mediated by face processing.
To investigate the diagnostic specificity of these findings, a group of bipolar disorder patients was also tested on the task battery. The results indicated that bipolar disorder patients also show social and non-social cognitive impairments, however, not as severe as that demonstrated by the schizophrenia patients. Furthermore, the effect of neurocognitive performance on facial emotion processing appeared more direct for bipolar disorder patients compared to schizophrenia patients. Although deficits in face processing were observable in bipolar, they were not specific to configural processing. Thus, deficits in emotion processing were more associated to neurocognitive ability in bipolar disorder patients, and more associated to configural face processing in schizophrenia patients. The configural processing deficits in schizophrenia are discussed as a lower-order perception problem. In conclusion, the results of this thesis are discussed in terms of their implication for treatment.
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Franks, Mark. "Cognitive style and behavioural activation in an inpatient sample of individuals with bipolar disorder who are currently in episode: Comparisions with Schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.492755.
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Objectives: Interest in the psychology of bipolar disorder has led to a shift away from solely biological accounts, towards integrative biopsychosocial models. Three such models formed the basis for the current study. These were: the behavioural activation model (Depue & Iacono, 1989), the circadian rhythm instability and appraisal model (Jones, 2001), and the integrative cognitive model (lCM), (Mansell et ai, 2007). The behavioural activation model proposes that behavioural activation system (BAS) hypersensitivity increases vulnerability towards developing bipolar disorder. Likewise, cognitive style, which is central to the circadian rhythm instability and appraisal model and the ICM, can also increase vulnerability. To date, few studies have explored these factors amongst bipolar individuals who are in episode. Furthermore, no comparisons have been made on these dimensions between bipolar individuals and individuals experiencing other psychiatric disorders. This was addressed in the current study. Methodology: Twenty inpatients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder were compared to 20 inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia on dimensions of behavioural activation and cognitive style. All individuals were recruited from psychiatric wards in Greater Manchester. Diagnostic status was confirmed using the SCID (all participants were experiencing an acute episode). BAS sensitivity was assessed using the BIS-BAS (Carver & White, 1994) whilst cognitive style was assessed using bipolar specific measures, namely the HIQ (Jones et ai, 2006) and the Brief-HAPPI (Mansell & Jones, 2006). Symptoms of mania and depression were also assessed using observer rated and self-report measures Results: As hypothesised, the bipolar group displayed significantly elevated levels of BAS sensitivity than the schizophrenia group. This was reflected across all three BAS subscales (fun seeking, drive and reward responsiveness). The bipolar group also displayed significantly elevated positive self-dispositional appraisals of hypomanic experiences than the schizophrenia group, as measured by the HIQ-H subscale. However, the groups only differed significantly on some of the dysfunctional beliefs outlined in the Brief-HAPP!. This was reflected in the significant group difference on Brief-HAPPI (forward items) but not on the Brief- HAPPI (reverse items). Despite the significant differences between the groups, a logistic regression revealed that there were no significant single predictors of diagnostic group membership, although HIQ-H was approaching significance. Conclusions: The current findings propose that BAS hypersensitivity and positive self-dispositional appraisals of hypomanic experiences are elevated amongst bipolar individuals who are in episode, as are certain dysfunctional beliefs. There is also evidence to suggest that these factors may be specific to bipolar individuals in the context of severe and enduring psychiatric disorders. Whilst BAS hypersensitivity and cognitive style may increase an individual's vulnerability towards experiencing extreme shifts in affect, prospective longitudinal studies are required that further explore this notion. The current findings, as well as providing support for the three biopsychosocial models mentioned above, also contribute towards the further advancement of psychological therapies for bipolar disorder, and in particular cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT).
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Besnier, Nathalie. "Aspects cognitifs et émotionnels de l'interférence aux tests de stroop dans les troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20669/document.
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L’interférence résulte du coût attentionnel provoqué par l’activation simultanée de deux processus cognitifs. Ce phénomène est mesuré par le test de Stroop Couleur qui met en jeu une situation de conflit entre deux dimensions en compétition d’un même stimulus. Les aspects émotionnels de l’interférence sont explorés par le test de Stroop Emotionnel qui évalue le coût attentionnel généré par le traitement de stimuli de valence émotionnelle forte en référence à des stimuli neutres. Une augmentation de l’interférence aux tests de Stroop pourrait être une des caractéristiques des troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires où s’observent un déficit d’inhibition et une dérégulation des émotions, anomalies qui sont particulièrement prononcées au cours des phases aiguës. L’exploration comparative de l’interférence permettrait de mieux différencier ou bien de rapprocher ces pathologies dont la distinction nosographique est discutée. Les objectifs de notre travail étaient : (i) comparer l’interférence dans ses aspects cognitifs et émotionnels dans les troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires, (ii) rechercher les corrélats cliniques de l’interférence aux tests de Stroop et (iii) identifier si l’interférence constitue un facteur de vulnérabilité aux troubles en la mesurant chez des apparentés de premier degré.Méthode : Les performances de patients souffrant de schizophrénie paranoïde (N=30) en phase productive et de manie bipolaire (N=30) ont été comparées à l’aide d’un test de Stroop Couleur et d’un test de Stroop Emotionnel. Les patients souffrant de trouble schizo-affectif étaient exclus. Des apparentés de premier degré non atteints de patients schizophrènes (N=30) et bipolaires (N=30) ont ensuite été comparés à chacun des tests. Des groupes de sujets témoins dépourvus de maladie psychiatrique ont été constitués. Une version carte du test de Stroop Emotionnel en langue française adaptée aux troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires a été spécifiquement élaborée pour inclure des mots paranoïdes (i.e. faisant référence aux idées de persécution), dépressifs, maniaques et neutres, appariés pour la longueur, la familiarité et la fréquence lexicale. Résultats : En phase aiguë, l’interférence cognitive et émotionnelle des patients schizophrènes et maniaques était supérieure à celle des témoins dans toutes les conditions. Au Stroop Couleur, l’effet d’interférence était comparable entre les patients schizophrènes et maniaques et n’était pas corrélé à l’intensité de la symptomatologie. Au Stroop Emotionnel, l’effet d’interférence dans les groupes cliniques était d’autant plus important que la valence émotionnelle faisait référence à la psychopathologie du trouble : les résultats ont montré un biais envers les mots paranoïdes chez les patients schizophrènes et un biais envers les mots maniaques comme dépressifs chez les maniaques. Si, dans le groupe de patients schizophrènes, l’amplitude de l’interférence paranoïde était corrélée à l’intensité des symptômes positifs, aucune corrélation n’a été observée entre les biais émotionnels et la symptomatologie dans le groupe des patients maniaques. Les performances des apparentés de premier degré des patients schizophrènes étaient inférieures à celles des témoins au Stroop Couleur, tandis que les apparentés de premier degré des patients maniaques montraient un biais envers les stimuli dépressifs.Conclusion : L’augmentation de l’interférence au test de Stroop Couleur pourrait être un marqueur de vulnérabilité commun aux troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires dont l’expression varie quantitativement avec l’expression phénotypique et la phase de la maladie. Cette anomalie pourrait se manifester de manière plus prononcée dans les troubles schizophréniques que bipolaires. Aucun corrélat clinique spécifique n’a été identifié. L’exploration des substrats cérébraux de l’effet d’interférence a permis d’identifier dans les deux pathologies un dysfonctionnement du cortex cingulaire antérieur (CCA), structure centrale dans la régulation de l’attention. En outre, une implication plus spécifique du cortex préfrontal vEntral a été montrée dans le trouble bipolaire, témoignant des troubles de la régulation motivationnelle et affective présents dans cette pathologie. Au test de Stroop Emotionnel, les patients souffrant de schizophrénie et de trouble bipolaire présentent un biais envers les informations relatives à la psychopathologie spécifique de leur trouble. Dans la schizophrénie, le biais envers les informations relatives aux thèmes paranoïdes pourrait être impliqué dans le maintien ou le développement des symptômes productifs ; ce phénomène serait principalement déterminé par des facteurs d’état. Dans le trouble bipolaire, l’interférence émotionnelle pourrait traduire l’impact de l’hyperréactivité émotionnelle sur les processus d’inhibition cognitive ; de nombreux arguments suggèrent que l’interférence émotionnelle constitue un marqueur de vulnérabilité à cette pathologie
Interference results from the attentional cost caused by the simultaneous activation of two cognitive processes. This phenomenon is measured by the Stroop Colour-Word Test that involves a situation of conflict between two dimensions in competition within the same stimulus. The emotional aspects of interference are explored by the Emotional Stroop Test, which assesses the attentional cost stemming from the processing of emotionally-valenced stimuli in reference to neutral ones. Increased Stroop interference could characterize both schizophrenic and bipolar disorders that share inhibitory deficit and emotional dysregulation, especially during acute phases. The comparative measure of interference would help to better understand the differences between these disorders whose nosographic distinction is discussed. Our objectives were: (i) to compare cognitive and emotional interference between schizophrenic and bipolar disorders, (ii) to seek the clinical correlates of interference and (iii) to identify whether interference is a marker of vulnerability to both disorders by measuring it among unaffected first degree relatives. Methods: Patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, acute phase (N=30) and bipolar disorder, manic phase (N=30) were compared while performing a Stroop Colour-Word Test and an Emotional Stroop Test. Patients with schizo-affective disorder were excluded. Unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenic (N = 30) and bipolar patients (N = 30) were then compared to each of these tests. Healthy subjects served as controls in both experiment. A French version of the Emotional Stroop Test adapted to schizophrenic and bipolar disorders was previously constructed; it included paranoid (i.e. referring to persecutory delusions), depressive, manic and neutral words matched for length, familiarity and lexical frequency.Results: Schizophrenic and manic patients showed greater cognitive and emotional interference than controls in each condition. There were no significant differences between schizophrenic and manic patients at the Stroop Colour-Word Test and their performances were not correlated with symptoms. At the Emotional Stroop Test, the interference effect in the clinical groups was greater when the emotional valence of the stimuli was related to the specific psychopathology: schizophrenic patients showed a bias towards paranoid words while manic patients showed a bias towards both depressive and manic words. In the schizophrenic group, paranoid interference was correlated with positive symptoms whereas no correlation was found between emotional bias and symptomatology in the manic group. First-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients performed poorly than controls on the Stroop Colour-Word Test while first-degree relatives of bipolar patients showed an emotional bias towards depressive stimuli. Conclusions: Our results suggest that increased Stroop Colour-Word interference is an endophenotype common to schizophrenic and bipolar disorders whose expression quantitatively varies with the phenotypic expression and the clinical phase. No clinical correlate to the interference effect has been identified yet in none of these disorders. However, this abnormality might be more pronounced and associated with schizophrenic disorders. Neuroimaging studies identified cerebral correlates of abnormal interference that were common to schizophrenic and bipolar disorders like the Anterior Cingulate Cortex. A more specific involvement of the ventral prefrontal cortex has been shown in bipolar disorder; this abnormality might be related to the motivational and emotional dysregulation. In schizophrenia, a bias towards paranoid stimuli could be a mechanism involved in the maintenance or the development of the productive symptoms; this phenomenon might be primarily determined by state factors. In bipolar disorder, we suggest that emotional interference represents the impact of emotional hyperreactivity on cognitive inhibition and a marker of vulnerability
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Costa, Alana Caroline. "Determinação de fosfolípides plasmáticos nas doenças neuropsiquiátricas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/5/5142/tde-11092017-115142/.
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Os fosfolípides e moléculas relacionadas compreendem 60% da porção não aquosa do cérebro e são os principais constituintes das membranas de células neuronais e gliais. Os fosfolípides são essenciais para todas as células vivas e, portanto, mudanças no seu metabolismo podem influenciar o organismo. Alterações no metabolismo de fosfolípides estão envolvidas em inúmeras doenças neuropsiquiátricas incluindo a doença de Alzheimer, esquizofrenia e o transtorno bipolar. Neste trabalho, tivemos por objetivo compreender a composição lipídica de metabólitos relacionados à membrana de pacientes com diferentes doenças neuropsiquiátricas. Para isto, utilizamos Análise por Injeção em Fluxo (FIA) acoplado à espectrometria de massas, uma metodologia analítica robusta que proporciona um perfil completo das substâncias em matrizes complexas. Para interpretação dos resultados, usamos o método estatístico CART - Classification and Regression Tree. Encontramos 4 metabólitos que são capazes de distinguir pacientes com TB de pacientes com SCZ e outros 3 metabólitos que, juntos, são capazes de diferenciar indivíduos com CCL e DA. Esses resultados evidenciam o potencial dos fosfolípides de membrana como biomarcadores que podem auxiliar na confirmação diagnóstica e elucidação de mecanismos fisiopatológicos das doenças estudadasPhospholipids and related molecules comprise 60% of the non-aqueous portion of the brain and are the major constituents of neuronal and glial cell membranes. Phospholipids are essential for all living cells and therefore changes in their metabolism can influence the organism. Changes in phospholipid metabolism are known to be involved in numerous neuropsychiatric disorders including Alzheimer\'s disease, schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. In this way, we aimed to understand the lipid composition of membrane-related metabolites of patients with different neuropsychiatric diseases. For this, we use Flow Injection Analysis (FIA) coupled with mass spectrometry, a robust analytical methodology that provides a complete profile of the substances in complex matrices. To interpret the results, we chose to perform the CART method - Classification and Regression Tree. We found 4 metabolites that are able to distinguish TB patients from patients with SCZ and 3 other metabolites that together are able to differentiate individuals with CCL and AD. These results show us the potential of membrane phospholipids as diagnostic biomarkers, which may aid in the diagnostic confirmation and elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms of the diseases studied
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Mallet, Jasmina. "Marqueurs neurodéveloppementaux, cognition et facteurs environnementaux précoces et tardifs dans le phénotype psychotique des pathologies mentales Heavy cannabis use prior psychosis in schizophrenia : clinical, cognitive and neurological evidences for a new endophenotype? Etude et apport de la latéralité comme marqueur neurodéveloppemental dans les troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires Cigarette smoking and schizophrenia : a specific clinical and therapeutic profile? Results from the Face-Schizophrenia cohort Tobacco smoking is associated with antipsychotic medication, physical aggressiveness and alcohol use disorder in schizophrenia : results from the Face-SZ national cohort Tabagisme et schizophrénie, impact sur la cognition Tobacco smoking and psychotic-like experiences in a general population sample Poster congrès français de psychiatrie 2018 : Expériences psychotiques chez 50 patients adolescents hospitalisés pour la 1ère fois : approche trans-diagnostique et prospective avec la PQ16." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. https://wo.app.u-paris.fr/cgi-bin/WebObjects/TheseWeb.woa/wa/show?t=2403&f=17360.
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Les maladies mentales représentent un ensemble catégoriel très hétérogène, même au sein d’une entité nosographique. L’approche multifactorielle rend compte de l’hétérogénéité clinique des troubles mentaux et du continuum entre certaines dimensions cliniques, voire entre le normal et le pathologique. Parmi ces dimensions, le phénotype psychotique constitue une dimension essentielle du trouble schizophrénique. L’approche dimensionnelle permet d’envisager la recherche d’expériences psychotiques dans la plupart des troubles mentaux ainsi qu’en population générale. Nous faisons l’hypothèse générale que certains troubles psychiatriques avec symptômes psychotiques pourraient être la résultante de l’interaction entre certains facteurs environnementaux précoces (traumatismes obstétricaux par exemple) et tardifs (consommation de toxiques, traumatismes) et le neurodéveloppement de l’individu. Un travail initial a été de rappeler les concepts de vulnérabilité en psychiatrie, et de prendre l’exemple du trouble schizophrénique pour réaliser une revue de la littérature sur les facteurs de risque en fonction de leur interaction précoce ou tardive avec le neurodéveloppement. Ensuite, dans le premier axe de recherche de la thèse, nous évaluons certains marqueurs neurodéveloppementaux précoces (signes neurologiques mineurs, latéralité, cognition). Notre premier travail, concerne la caractérisation clinique, neurologique et cognitive de 64 patients souffrant de trouble schizophrénique, en fonction de leur consommation de cannabis ou pas avant le début des troubles. Il apporte des éléments en faveur d’une charge neurodéveloppementale moins lourde chez les patients ayant consommé du cannabis, et de l’impact potentiel de cette substance chez des sujets vulnérables. Notre second travail, préliminaire, concerne l’impact clinique et cognitif de la latéralité chez les patients souffrant de schizophrénie (n=667) et de trouble bipolaire (n=2445). Nous apportons des arguments pour un poids neurodéveloppemental (mesuré avec cet indice) plus important dans la schizophrénie. Notre deuxième axe de recherche se concentre sur le tabagisme comme facteur environnemental tardif dans le trouble schizophrénique et le phénotype psychotique. Nous montrons dans deux travaux sur la cohorte FACE-SZ (n=361 ; n=474), que ces patients consomment presque deux fois plus qu’en population générale et qu’ils pourraient représenter un sous-groupe présentant des caractéristiques spécifiques d’un point de vue socio-démographique, clinique et thérapeutique. Dans un troisième travail préliminaire, nous comparons les fonctions cognitives de ces patients (n=785) et montrons que l’hypothèse d’automédication ne peut pas rendre compte à elle seule, de la forte prévalence du tabagisme chez ces patients. Dans un quatrième travail, nous étudions l’impact du tabagisme sur le phénotype psychotique dans une approche dimensionnelle, et montrons une association entre le tabagisme et certaines expériences de type psychotique dans un échantillon représentatif de la population générale américaine (NESARC, n=34653). Enfin dans un dernier axe de recherche nous nous intéressons au phénotype psychotique dans une population d’adolescents et jeunes adultes hospitalisés pour un premier épisode psychiatrique (n=50). Dans une étude préliminaire, nous montrons une forte prévalence des expériences de type psychotique chez ces jeunes adultes, quel que soit le diagnostic posé six mois à postériori, soulignant le caractère trans-nosographique du phénotype psychotique lors de l’émergence des troubles. L’ensemble de ce travail reflète l’hétérogénéité clinique des maladies mentales et l’importance de l’approche dimensionnelle et trajectorielle pour identifier des facteurs de risque (ou de protection). Les enjeux sont une meilleure compréhension étiopathogénique, des perspectives de prévention, et une prise en charge personnalisée des patientsMental diseases represent a very heterogeneous categorical group, even within a given nosographic entity. Multifactorial approaches allow accounting for the clinical heterogeneity of mental disorders, the continuum between certain clinical dimensions, and even between the normal and the pathological. Among such dimensions, the psychotic phenotype constitutes an essential dimension of schizophrenic disorder. The dimensional approach allows for the search of psychotic experiences in most mental disorders as well as in the general population. We make the general hypothesis that certain psychiatric disorders with psychotic symptoms could be the result of the interaction between early- (obstetric traumas for example) and late- environmental factors (toxics, traumatisms) and the neurodevelopment of the individual. The initial step in this thesis work was to better define the concepts of vulnerability in psychiatry, and, based on the example of schizophrenia, to conduct a review of the literature on risk factors according to their early or late interaction with neurodevelopment. Subsequently, the first axis of research of the present thesis was to evaluate early neurodevelopmental markers (neurological soft signs, laterality, cognition). Our first work concerned the clinical, neurological and cognitive characterization of 64 patients suffering from schizophrenia, according to their cannabis use (or not) prior to psychosis. It provided evidence for a lower burden of neurodevelopment in cannabis users, and the potential impact of this substance on vulnerable individuals. Our second work concerns the clinical and cognitive impact of lateralization in patients with schizophrenia (n = 667) and bipolar disorder (n = 2445). We bring arguments for a neurodevelopmental weight (measured with this lateralization index) that is more important in schizophrenia. Our second axis of research focused on tobacco smoking as a late environmental factor in schizophrenia and psychotic phenotype. We showed in two studies on the FACE-SZ cohort (n = 361, n = 474) that SZ patients consumed almost twice as much as the general population and that they could represent a SZ subgroup with specific socio-demographic and clinical characteristics. In a third study, we compare the cognitive functions of these patients (n = 785) and show that the self-medication hypothesis alone cannot account for the high prevalence of their smoking. In a fourth work, we studied the impact of smoking on the psychotic phenotype with a dimensional approach, and showed an association between smoking and certain psychotic-type experiences in a representative sample of the US general population (NESARC, n = 34653). Finally, in a last line of research, we evaluated the psychotic phenotype in a population of adolescents and young adults hospitalized for a first psychiatric episode (n = 50). In a preliminary study, we show a high prevalence of psychotic-like experiences in these young adults, regardless of the diagnosis made six months afterwards, highlighting the trans-nosographic character of the psychotic phenotype during the emergence of different mental disorders. Overall, the present thesis underscores the clinical heterogeneity of mental illnesses and the importance of dimensional and trajectory approaches in identifying risk (or protective) factors, towards a better etiopathogenic understanding, better prevention opportunities, and a personalized patient care
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Dab, Saskia. "La confabulation ou la vérité insolite: étude des mécanismes cognitifs impliqués dans la confabulation des patients neurologiques et psychiatriques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211982.
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Terrien, Sarah. "Approche psychopathologique dimensionnelle de la schizophrénie et du trouble bipolaire : exploration des processus cognitifs d’intégration des informations contextuelles sémantiques et sémantico-émotionnelles, études en potentiels évoqués." Thesis, Reims, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REIML009.
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Ce travail de thèse s’inscrit dans une approche dimensionnelle de la psychopathologie et son objectif est d’apporter de nouvelles connaissances au champ de recherche qui considère l’existence d’un continuum entre schizophrénie et trouble bipolaire ainsi qu’entre traits de personnalité et pathologies. Afin d’explorer ces continuums, nous avons étudié, grâce à la méthode des potentiels évoqués cognitifs et l’étude de certaines de leurs composantes (N400, LPC), les processus neurocognitifs sous-tendant l’intégration d’un contexte sémantique et sémantico-émotionnel dans la schizophrénie, le trouble bipolaire, les traits de personnalité schizotypique et les traits de personnalité hypomaniaque. Premièrement, nous avons montré, que les patients schizophrènes stabilisés et les patients bipolaires euthymiques présentent des patterns de modulation de la N400 différents lors de tâches impliquant l’intégration d’un contexte sémantique ou sémantico-émotionnel. Néanmoins, ces résultats en défaveur de l’existence d’un continuum entre schizophrénie et trouble bipolaire pourraient être la conséquence de l’absence de symptomatologie commune entre nos deux échantillons de patients. Deuxièmement, les résultats des études portant sur la population pathologique et ceux des études portant sur la population générale présentant des traits de personnalité semblent en faveur de l’existence d’un continuum entre population générale et pathologie. En effet, les personnes présentant des traits de personnalité hypomaniaque présentent des similitudes dans les atteintes des processus neurocognitifs sous-tendant l’intégration d’un contexte sémantique et sémantico-émotionnel avec les patients bipolaires, et les personnes présentant des traits de personnalité schizotypique présentent des similitudes dans les atteintes des processus neurocognitifs sous-tendant l’intégration d’un contexte sémantico-émotionnel avec les patients schizophrènes. L’ensemble de nos résultats associés à ceux de la littérature semblent en faveur d’une approche dimensionnelle de la psychopathologie bipolaire et schizophrénique où les symptômes, davantage que le diagnostic, doivent être envisagés comme le point central du continuumThis work is part of a dimensional approach of the psychopathology. Its goal is to bring new knowledge to the field of research that considers the existence of a continuum between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder as well as between personality traits and pathologies. In order to explore these continuums, we have studied, thanks to event-related potential method and the study of N400 and LPC components, neurocognitive processes involved in the integration of semantic and semantico-emotional context in schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, schizotypal personality traits and hypomanic personality traits. We have first demonstrated that stabilized schizophrenic patients and euthymic bipolar patients have different patterns of the N400 modulation during tasks involving semantic and semantico-emotional integration. However, these results against the existence of a continuum between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder could be due to the lack of common symptoms in both samples. Secondly, the results of our studies dealing with clinical population and those dealing with general population with personality traits seem to be in favor to the existence of a continuum between general population and pathology. As a matter of fact individuals with hypomanic personality traits have similitude with bipolar patients in disturbance in neurocognitive processes involved in the integration of semantic and semantico-emotional context. Furthermore, individuals with schizotypal personality traits have common difficulties with schizophrenic patients in neurocognitive processes involved in semantico-emotional context integration. The results of our investigation, combined with those in the literature, are in favor of a dimensional approach of schizophrenic and bipolar psychopathology. And this approach is more about considering the symptoms as the central point of the continuum rather than the diagnostic
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Percelay, Solenn. "Validation d'un modèle murin de schizophrénie pour améliorer la recherche de nouveaux traitements : approche psychopharmacologique, en imagerie et en électrophysiologie A new 3-hit mouse model of schizophrenia built on genetic, early and late factors Functional dysregulations in CA1 hippocampal networks of a 3-hit mouse model of schizophrenia Olfactory laterality is valence-dependent in mice Assessing olfactory laterality in mice: new tool in preclinical psychiatric study Combination of MAP6 deficit, maternal separation and MK801 in female mice: a 3-hit animal model of neurodevelopmental disorder with cognitive deficits Antipsychotic lurasidone: Behavioural and pharmacokinetic data in C57BL/6 mice." Thesis, Normandie, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021NORMC403.
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La schizophrénie est une maladie psychiatrique très invalidante qui concerne près de 1% de la population. Bien que son étiologie soit toujours inconnue, elle est certainement multifactorielle et comprend une interaction entre prédisposition génétique et facteurs environnementaux. Il existe des traitements médicamenteux mais ils ne sont pas totalement efficaces, particulièrement pour la prise en charge des symptômes négatifs et des déficits cognitifs. Le développement de nouveaux traitements plus efficaces passe par l’amélioration des modèles animaux prenant en compte le caractère multifactoriel de l’étiologie de cette pathologie.Nous avons développé un modèle murin multifactoriel de schizophrénie innovant (modèle 3-hit) présentant une forte validité de construction. Pour cela, nous avons combiné une modification génétique (1er hit : délétion partielle du gène MAP6) avec un stress environnemental précoce (2nd hit : séparation maternelle de 24h au 9ème jour de vie) et une exposition tardive au THC durant l’adolescence (3ème hit : administration quotidienne de tétrahydrocannabinol à 8mg/kg du 32ème au 52ème jour).Dans un premier temps, nous avons montré une bonne validité d’apparence de ce modèle à travers des études comportementale, en imagerie et en électrophysiologie. En effet, au niveau comportemental les souris 3-hit présentent des symptômes de type négatif, des déficits cognitifs et une altération de la latéralité olfactive. Nous avons aussi montré un déficit d’inhibition du réflexe de sursaut, qui est un élément comportemental clef dans les modèles animaux de schizophrénie, car il est également utilisé en recherche clinique. Nous avons également observé certaines altérations morphologiques et fonctionnelles cérébrales caractéristiques de la schizophrénie comme une réduction du volume de l’hippocampe, une altération des fibres du corps calleux et un dysfonctionnement des systèmes de neurotransmission glutamatergique et GABAergique. Certains dimorphismes sexuels ont été également montrés dans nos études.Dans un deuxième temps, nous avons comparé les déficits des animaux 3-hit avec ceux d’autres modèles de schizophrénie développés au laboratoire. La caractérisation des effets de chaque facteur, indépendamment et en association, nous a permis de mettre en évidence un phénomène de synergie entre les facteurs et non une simple addition des déficits induits par chacun d’entre eux.Le modèle de schizophrénie 3-hit présente de bonnes validités de construction et d’apparence, il est maintenant nécessaire afin de parfaire sa caractérisation de tester sa validité pharmacologiqueAffecting 1% of worldwide population, schizophrenia is a debilitating pathology. Whether the aetiology of schizophrenia remains unknown, its multifactorial aspect is conversely now well admitted, and certainly gathers genetic vulnerability and environmental factors. Actual treatments are still unmet, particularly for negative and cognitive symptoms. For a better translation from treatments design of schizophrenia to clinical efficiency, there is a crucial need to refine preclinical animal models that considers the multifactorial aspects of this disease.We developed a new murine multifactorial model of schizophrenia (3-hit), that possesses a strong construct validity. To this, we combined a genetic predisposition (1st hit: partial deletion of MAP-6) with an early postnatal stress (2nd hit: 24 h maternal separation at postnatal day 9), and a late cannabinoid exposure during adolescence (3rd hit: tetrahydrocannabinol THC from post-natal day 32 to 52; 8 mg/kg/day).First, we characterised a promising face validity through behavioural, imaging and electrophysiological studies. At behavioural level, we demonstrated that 3-hit mice displayed negative-like symptoms, cognitive deficits and altered olfactory laterality. Moreover, we showed a sensory motor gating deficit, that is a major translational clue for animal models of schizophrenia. Additionally, 3-hit mice displayed some characteristic morphological and functional impairments of the disease: reduced hippocampal volume, altered callosal fibres, glutamatergic and GABAergic neurotransmission dysfunctions. We moreover highlighted some sexual dimorphisms.Second, we compared deficits of 3-hit mice to those of others models of schizophrenia developed in our laboratory. Deficits induced by one factor, or combination of several factors, evidenced a synergistic effect, and not a simple addition between each of them.The 3-hit model therefore presents strong construct validity and promising face validity, encouraging to assess the pharmacological validity
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Li, Pei-Yeah, and 李佩曄. "A Correlation Study between Swallowing Problems of Patients with Chronic Schizophrenia and Antipsychotics, Cognitive Function and Movement Disorders." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/75912266743494246012.
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碩士國立臺北護理健康大學
聽語障礙科學研究所
102
The purposes of this study were to investigate the percentage and symptom of swallowing problem in schizophrenia patients with Northwestern Dysphasia Patient Check Sheet (NDPCS), to examine the differences of cognitive function and movement disorders in using antipsychotics, and to analyze the correlation among demography, antipsychotics, cognitive and movement disorders in schizophrenic patients with dysphasia. Ninety three patients with schizophrenia were recruited from chronic psychiatric ward at Taichung cities. They were examined the NDPCS, cognitive function and movement disorders. Data that appropriate for inclusion were analyzed with frequency distribution table, percentage, mean, standard deviation, chi-square test, independent sample t-test, ANOVA analysis and multivariate logistic regression. The results showed that (1) about 30 percentage of patients with chronic schizophrenia are dysphasia; (2) dysphasia patients with schizophrenia have common symptoms of swallowing problems, including oral residue (96.4%), multiple swallowing per bolus (71.7%) and lack of laryngeal elevation (60.7%); (3) there is no significant difference between cognitive function and movement disorders by using different dosage and kind of antipsychotics in patients with schizophrenia; (4) dysphasia patients are more elder, lower doses of antipsychotics, poor cognitive function, severe in tardive dyskinesia, and Parkinson's syndrome; (5) the predictors of swallowing problems are tardive dyskinesia of the lips and around the mouth and Parkinson's syndrome. The results of this study could provide a guideline for varying professionals and give appropriate evaluation and recommendation to patient for provide comprehension intervention.
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Chen, Jia-Bei, and 陳佳蓓. "Neurocognitive performance in schizophrenia patients with different familial loadings: Comparing predictions using polygenic scores derived from different neuropsychiatric disorders or general cognitive abilities." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/5w25na.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
流行病學與預防醫學研究所
107
Background Despite a few genetic variants overlap between neurocognitive deficits and schizophrenia (SZ) revealed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS), the genetic architecture influencing patients’ neurocognitive performance remains unclear. This study aimed to (1) examine whether the neurocognitive performance in SZ patients could be explained by the polygenic risk score (PRS) derived from schizophrenia versus that derived from other neuropsychiatric disorders or neurocognitive traits; (2) to examine the magnitude of the association of the PRS with the neurocognitive performance in schizophrenia patients from different familial loadings; and (3) to compare the PRS among three subgroups of schizophrenia patients classified by their magnitude of impairment in sustained attention. Methods Participants were 1649 sporadic cases and 3298 parents without SZ in simplex families from Schizophrenia Trio Genomics Research in Taiwan. For multiplex families with at least two SZ siblings, there were 581 co-affected probands and 479 parents without SZ from Taiwan Schizophrenia Linkage Study. All were genotyped using PsychChip and only patients underwent Continuous Performance Test (CPT) and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST). Patients was categorized into three groups based on their magnitude of impairment in sustained attention to compare their PRS. Confirmatory factor analysis of a four-latent model structure was performed to capture patients’ performance on CPT and WCST. Meta-analyses GWAS data of SZ, bipolar disorder (BD), Alzheimer''s disease (AD), autism spectrum disorders (ASD), attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), educational attainment (EA), and general cognitive ability (GCA) were used to derive corresponding PRS. Results SZ patients in multiplex families had worse scores than simplex ones on most CPT and WCST indices. Among the seven PRS, the phenotype of schizophrenia could be predicted by SZ-PRS, BD-PRS, ASD-PRS, EA-PRS, and GCA-PRS in simplex families and by SZ-PRS in multiplex families. Only EA-PRS and GCA-PRS were significantly associated with higher WCST2 factors among patients with schizophrenia in simplex families. Furthermore, no impairment group in simplex families had the highest GCA-PRS and SZ-PRS. Conclusions The neurocognitive performance of schizophrenia patients was best explained by the general cognitive abilities PRS derived from healthy individuals rather than the schizophrenia and other neuropsychiatric disorders PRS derived from patients with neuropsychiatric disorders. Neurocognitive deficits in schizophrenia patients may involve modifier genes. Other genetic architecture underlying schizophrenia’s cognitive impairment warrants further investigation.
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Wilson, Carolyn M. "Dissociating Response Prepotency and Response Conflict within Tasks of Action Inhibition among Individuals Scoring High on the Schizotypal Personality Questionnaire." Thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/5407.
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Theories embedded within evolutionary neurobiology offer useful frameworks within which to understand cognitive impairment in schizophrenia (SCZ). The current research invokes the Dual Trends Theory (DTT), an evolutionary model that posits that neural architecture develops along two separate pathways: the dorsal ‘archicortical’ trend and the ventral ‘paleocortical’ trend. Although various lines of research converge to suggest that SCZ is associated with dorsal trend impairment in the context of relative ventral trend sparing, one persistent inconsistency exists. Specifically, individuals with SCZ routinely show impairment on tasks of action inhibition (AI; the ability to inhibit a pre-planned movement), a function routinely shown to be mediated by the inferior frontal gyrus, a key structure of the ventral trend. Here we argue that conventional tasks of AI conflate AI per se with response conflict (CON) demands, a function shown to be mediated by the anterior cingulate cortex, a key structure of the dorsal trend. We define CON as any aspect of a task that increases the difficulty of deciphering or interpreting the meaning of task stimuli (e.g., greater perceptual similarity between imperative task stimuli). The current research administered novel AI tasks in order to independently examine increases in CON and increases in the prepotency to respond to a pre-planned movement (PREP; considered a more fundamental measure of AI). Consistent with study hypotheses, individuals with Schizoprenia-spectrum disorders (specifically schizotypy) failed to show compensatory response time (RT) slowing when confronted with increasing CON demands yet showed proportional RTs, relative to healthy control participants, as PREP demands increased. These findings were interpreted as reflecting impairment in their ability to detect and/or decipher CON. More broadly, these findings suggest that cognitive abnormalities in SCZ may represent disproportionately impaired dorsal trend circuitry.
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Bouchard, Vanessa. "Les déficits cognitifs peuvent-ils aider à distinguer un trouble psychotique avec toxicomanie d’une psychose induite par consommation de méthamphétamines?" Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6160.
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Introduction – Dissocié un trouble psychiatrique primaire (TPP) concomitant à un problème d’abus de substances d’une psychose induite par consommation de substance (PICS) peut être une tâche difficile puisque plusieurs symptômes sont similaires. La dichotomie entre les symptômes négatifs et les symptômes positifs de la schizophrénie a été suggéré comme étant un indicateur puisque les symptômes négatifs ne sont pas caractéristiques d’un double diagnostic (Potvin, Sepehry, & Stip, 2006). Objectif – Cette étude explore la possibilité de distinguer des sous-groupes au sein de notre échantillon en utilisant le fonctionnement cognitif en vue d’identifier des facteurs qui permettraient un meilleur défférentiel entre un TPP concomitant à un problème d’abus de substance d’une psychose induite par consommation de méthamphétamines (MA). L’hypothèse stipule que les individus avec un TPP présenteraient des déficits cognitifs différents comparativement aux individus avec une PICS. Méthode – Les données utilisés font parties d’une étude longitudinale qui s’est déroulée à Vancouver, CB, Canada. 172 utilsateurs de MA et présentant une psychose ont été recruté. L’utilisation de substances, la sévérité des symptômes et des déficits cognitifs ont été évalué. Résultats – Des analyses par regroupement ont révélé deux profiles: les individus du Groupe 1 ont une performance inférieure au score total du Gambling task (M=-28,1) ainsi qu’un pourcentage de rétention inférieur au Hopkins Verbal Learning Test – Revised (HVLT- R; M=63) comparativement à ceux du Groupe 2. Les individus du Groupe 1 ont plus de symptômes négatifs, t=2,29, p<0.05 et ont plus tendance à avoir reçu un diagnostic psychiatrique, X2(3) = 16.26, p< 0.001. Conclusion – Les résultats suggèrent que des
facteurs cognitifs pourraient aider à identifier un TPP concomitant à l’abus de MA.Introduction - Dissociating a primary psychotic disorder (PPD) with concurrent substance use from substance-induced psychosis (SIP) can be a difficult task since several symptoms are similar. The dichotomy between negative and positive symptoms in schizophrenia has been hypothesized as a predictor, as the former is not typically a feature of a dual disorder (Potvin, Sepehry, & Stip, 2006). Objective - This study explored the possibility of distinguishing subgroups within our sample using cognitive functioning to further identify factors that could help the differential diagnosis between a PPD co-occurring with substance-use and a methamphetamine (MA) induced psychosis. The hypothesis stipulates that individuals with a PPD should present with different cognitive deficits compared to individuals with SIP. Methods - This study used the data collected as part of a longitudinal study (the MAPS project) that took place in Vancouver BC, Canada. 172 individuals presenting with psychosis and MA abuse were recruited. Substance use, symptoms severity and cognitive deficits were assessed. Results - Cluster analyses revealed two profiles: individuals in Cluster 1 had a poorer performance on the Gambling task net score (M=-28,1) as well as on the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test - Revised (HVLT-R; M=63) % of retention score compared to those in Cluster 2. Individuals in Cluster 1 also had more negative symptoms than individuals in Cluster 2, t=2,29, p<0.05 and were more likely to have had a psychiatric diagnosis, X2(3) = 16.26, p< 0.001. Conclusion - Results suggest that cognitive predictors might help identify PPD that co-occur with MA abuse.
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Krämer, Bernd. "Fronto-striatal brain circuits involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and affective disorders: FMRI studies of the effects of urbanicity and fearful faces on neural mechanisms of reward processing and self-control." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-002B-7D01-A.
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