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Brown, Archibald Stephen. "The excess mortality of schizophrenia." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368069.
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Andresen, Retta. "The experience of recovery from schizophrenia development of a definition, model and measure of recovery /." Access electronically, 2007. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20080703.161126/index.html.
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Wainwright, June. "Family carers of adults with severe mental illness : conceptualising carer experience and need." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1641/.
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Zaki, Jamil. "Consciousness is therapy: ways of viewing schizophrenia and their effects on prognosis." Thesis, Boston University, 2002. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/33604.
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Thesis (B.A.)--Boston UniversityPLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.
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Sabbagh, Marie L. "Influence of defendant mental illness on jury sentencing." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2010. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/1494.
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This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucf.edu/Systems/DigitalInitiatives/DigitalCollections/InternetDistributionConsentAgreementForm.pdf You may also contact the project coordinator, Kerri Bottorff, at kerri.bottorff@ucf.edu for more information.Bachelors
Sciences
Psychology
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Hessamfer, Elahe. ""In the fellowship of His suffering" : a theological interpretation of mental illness, a focus on "Schizophrenia"." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=201901.
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The ubiquity of mental illness and its exponential growth in the US has made it the primary “medical disability” of our time. This pervasiveness and the destructive force behind it to destroy human spirit demands an urgent attention not only from medical community, and social policy makers, but also from the church. In the history of Christian communities, mental illness has tended to be viewed as some form of malignant manifestation that stands against the will and rule of God. It has thus tended to evoke a response from within the church. Today, for the most part, that response has been delegated to the medical profession and the state. The issue of mental illness has invited many debates in the current philosophical and scientific realms. In this thesis I will present a historical analysis which outlines something of the roots of how we have come to frame mental illness in contemporary America. The twentieth century saw an astronomical rise in the popularity of the biological sciences as explanatory frameworks for everything related to human beings. Psychiatry has attempted to develop a scientific context to capitalize on that success and create a framework for how we view and name those experiences that make up the criteria “mental illness.” We will evaluate those attempts and seek to explore the challenges of modern psychiatry in normalizing human behavior based on scientific theories. The intention of this study is to determine whether the church could or should intervene in such encounters, and if so, what such an intervention might look like. Mental anguish can cripple individuals in variety of ways. Among all manifestations of distress, anxiety, fear, and mental confusion, nothing can be more destructive than what psychiatry has called “schizophrenia.” This has been the most elusive, cruel, and puzzling “mental disorder” of all times, leading to prolonged disability and inten Mental anguish can cripple individuals in variety of ways. Among all manifestations of distress, anxiety, fear, and mental confusion, nothing can be more destructive than what psychiatry has called “schizophrenia.” This has been the most elusive, cruel, and puzzling “mental disorder” of all times, leading to prolonged disability and intense personal suffering. Furthermore, it attacks the core of a person’s consciousness, sense of identity, humanity and ability to relate to others and to God. This thesis proposes a biblically based Christian framework for interpreting the phenomenon of “schizophrenia” through a theological reflection on the experience quite apart from what psychiatry may or may not have to say. It will be argued that not only is “schizophrenia” not pathological, but rather it touches on the most fundamental fragilities of the human soul—hence, it is a very critical pastoral issue. We will argue that madness ought to be recognized as a phenomenon, both theological and teleological, with a deep prophetic voice, exposing our state of sinfulness, calling the church into repentance. Given that, we will explore how the church ought to encounter it effectively and faithfully.
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Olson, Paul O. "Experiences of mental illness, treatment and recovery in schizophrenia : an existential-phenomenological exploration." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2016. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/21226/.
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This study explores in depth the narratives and experience of recovery from a convenience sample of seven participants with a schizophrenia diagnosis, but now remitted (Andreasen et al, 2005). Three lifeworlds (phases) emerged using hermeneutic phenomenology: (A) Losing existential grounding; (B) Being-within-the-system (i.e. hospitalised); and (C) Outside schizophrenia. Outside has a double meaning as it both emerges from the narratives and also is an important base for existential exploration: what else needs to happen except psychiatry? Each lifeworld had a different meaning and different behaviours connected to it. Two necessary transitions were identified: First, accepting help; and second, an existential construction or re- construction depending on where in your life course you become affected. Psychotherapy was useful, but not necessary for remission and recovery.
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Savioli, Wanda K. "The Relationship Between Perceived Stress and Smoking: Focusing on Schizophrenia and Comparative Sub-Groups Diagnosed with Mental Illness." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1249596857.
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Thesis (M.S.)--Cleveland State University, 2009.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on Aug. 29, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 39-52). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center and also available in print.
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Richards, Marina G. A. "Causal attributions in schizophrenia : an investigation of clients' and relatives' causal attributions about the illness : this will be examined in relation to clients' perceptions of family relationships, knowledge about schizophrenia and family distress." Thesis, Open University, 1998. http://oro.open.ac.uk/57911/.
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Many clients with severe mental health problem, live in the community with their relatives. Research in the area has indicated that exacerbation of psychotic symptoms in clients is strongly associated with the emotional atmosphere in the family. The presence of high expressed emotion has been linked with relapse. However, recent research suggests that it is the causal attributions which relatives make to explain the illness symptomatology, which is most predictive of relapse. Relatives viewing clients' symptoms as being controllable by the client has been associated with hostility in relatives. Little has been said in the literature about the subjective experiences of clients. The present study investigated the causal attributions which clients and relatives made to explain the manifestation of the illness. Causal attributions made to explain positive symptoms, negative symptoms and behavioural problems were examined and compared. Clients! perception of their relationship with a key relative and their affective state was measured. Participants knowledge about schizophrenia, and relatives levels of distress were also examined. The clients in the present study were men under fifty with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. Key relatives also participated. A cross sectional correlational and comparative methodology was employed. A mixture of quantitative data and qualitative information was generated. A key finding was that the nature of attributions made was determined by symptom category. Positive Symptoms were deemed to be the least controllable symptom and Behavioural Problems were considered the most controllable. Relationships existed between the attributions made by clients and relatives. Depression in clients was related to them attributing their illness to personal factors, and a reporting negative feelings about there relationship with a key relative. Findings are discussed in relation to literature, research and clinical practice.
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Wise, Michael John d1969. "Mad science : discourses of 'schizophrenia'and 'therapy' for hearing voices /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20041221.95451.
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Scazufca, Marcia. "A prospective study of the impact of care and its relationship to expressed emotion in families of those with schizophrenia." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243309.
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Trecartin, Katelyn V. "Kynurenic acid and epigenetics: proposing a unified view of schizophrenia onset and pathology." Thesis, Boston University, 2013. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/21264.
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Thesis (M.A.) PLEASE NOTE: Boston University Libraries did not receive an Authorization To Manage form for this thesis or dissertation. It is therefore not openly accessible, though it may be available by request. If you are the author or principal advisor of this work and would like to request open access for it, please contact us at open-help@bu.edu. Thank you.Schizophrenia is a debilitation mental illness characterized by positive symptoms (mania and hallucinations), negative symptoms (flat affect), and cognitive impairments (learning and memory deficits). These symptoms arise from dysfunction of several neurotransmitter systems including the dopaminergic, seratonergic, cholinergic, and glutamatergic pathways. As such, treatment of this disease has been difficult due to the number of systems involved. Various theories dealing with maternal infection, chemical imbalance, genetics, and epigenetics have emerged postulating the origin of the disease. To date, there is no one unifying hypothesis that encompasses all of the behavioral and biological deficits manifested in schizophrenia. A review of the current research suggests a central role of kynurenic acid (KYNA) in all of these theories. As an endogenous antagonist of cholinergic and glutamatergic receptors, KYNA has been shown to mimic the disease when administered exogenously. Additionally, KYNA levels appear to be elevated in the brains of schizophrenics. Understanding how this chemical works and how it becomes elevated in the first place will be key to understanding the pathology of schizophrenia and developing effective treatments.
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Brown, Sarah Mills. "Genome wide gene expression analysis of two ENU mouse models of major mental illness." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5541.
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Major mental illness is now recognised as one of the leading causes of adult morbidity. Of the adult onset psychiatric disorders, the functional psychoses (schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and recurrent major depression) are the most severe and most common in the general population. Evidence suggests that certain genetic factors influence an individual’s susceptibility to developing these disorders when combined with appropriate social and environmental conditions. Several good candidate genes have been identified. Of relevance to this study is Disrupted in Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) which was identified in a large Scottish family that carried a balanced translocation (t1:11) and had a history of major mental illness. In 2008, two ENU mutant mouse models with missense mutations in exon 2 of Disc1 were characterised and found to have behavioural and neuroanatomical phenotypes consistent with schizophrenia and major depression. The primary aim of this thesis is to further analyse these mouse models by performing whole genome gene expression studies and secondary protein analysis to identify genes involved in the aetiology of schizophrenia and major depression. My initial analysis used Illumina BeadChip microarray technology to identify 368 genes that were differentially expressed in ENU mutant animals under different biological conditions, compared to appropriate control animals. Nine biological groups were compared including one embryonic group at E13, and three groups treated with appropriate anti-psychotic or anti-depressant drugs. Of the 368 genes identified as differentially expressed, 46 were chosen for validation by qRT-PCR based on fold-change, p-value, functional significance, overenrichment of GO terms, pathway analysis and previous implications in major mental illness. NRXN1, NRXN3 and CDH11 were found to be significantly up-regulated in the schizophrenia mouse model with EGR4 significantly down-regulated compared to C57BL/6J wild-type controls. These findings were also replicated in an independent sample using wildtype littermates. The mental retardation gene PAK3 was up-regulated in the schizophrenia mouse model and expression levels were corrected to a level not significantly different to wild-type, when treated with the PDE4 inhibitor Rolipram. Semi-quantitative western blotting also confirmed the disregulation of EGR4 and PAK3 at the protein level in these animals. RNA expression profiles were also characterised for each of the genes above, and DISC1, through development. In summary this thesis describes the striking disregulation of four prominent genetic candidates of major mental illness in an independent animal model. A first functional link between DISC1 and NRXN1 is described suggesting, for the first time, a DISC1- dependant mechanism for regulating neurexin gene expression.
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Morgan, Vera Anne. "Intellectual disability co-occurring with schizophrenia and other psychiatric illness : epidemiology, risk factors and outcome." University of Western Australia. School of Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0209.
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(Truncated abstract) The aims of this thesis are: (i) To estimate the prevalence of psychiatric illness among persons with intellectual disability and, conversely, the prevalence of intellectual disability among persons with a psychiatric illness; (ii) To describe the disability and service utilisation profile of persons with conjoint disorder; (iii) To examine, in particular, intellectual disability co-occurring with schizophrenia; and (iv) To explore the role of hereditary and environmental (specifically obstetric) risk factors in the aetiology of (i) intellectual disability and (ii) intellectual disability co-occurring with psychiatric illness. This thesis has a special interest in the relationship between intellectual disability and schizophrenia. Where data and sample sizes permit, it explores that relationship at some depth and has included sections on the putative nature of the link between intellectual disability and schizophrenia in the introductory and discussion chapters. To realise its objectives, the thesis comprises a core study focusing on aims (i) (iii) and a supplementary study whose focus is aim (iv). It also draws on work from an ancillary study completed prior to the period of candidacy...This thesis found that, overall, 31.7% of persons with an intellectual disability had a psychiatric illness; 1.8% of persons with a psychiatric illness had an intellectual disability. The rate of schizophrenia, but not bipolar disorder or unipolar major depression, was greatly increased among cases of conjoint disorder: depending on birth cohort, 3.7-5.2% of individuals with intellectual disability had co-occurring schizophrenia. Down syndrome was much less prevalent among conjoint disorder cases despite being the most predominant cause of intellectual disability while pervasive developmental disorder was over-represented. Persons with conjoint disorder had a more severe clinical profile including higher mortality rates than those with a single disability. The supplementary study confirmed the findings in the core body of work with respect to the extent of conjoint disorder, its severity, and its relationship with pervasive development disorder and Down syndrome. Moreover, the supplementary study and the ancillary influenza study indicated a role for neurodevelopmental insults including obstetric complications in the adverse neuropsychiatric outcomes, with timing of the insult a potentially critical element in defining the specific outcome. The supplementary study also added new information on familiality in intellectual disability. It found that, in addition to parental intellectual disability status and exposure to labour and delivery complications at birth, parental psychiatric status was an independent predictor of intellectual disability in offspring as well as a predictor of conjoint disorder. In conclusion, the facility to collect and integrate records held by separate State administrative health jurisdictions, and to analyse them within the one database has had a marked impact on the capacity for this thesis to estimate the prevalence of conjoint disorder among intellectually disabled and psychiatric populations, and to understand more about its clinical manifestations and aetiological underpinnings.
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Chmielewski, Kristen Elizabeth. "Silver screen slashers and psychopaths : a content analysis of schizophrenia in recent film." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1441.
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Stigma proves to be a serious barrier for individuals living with mental illness, and research has shown that the media heavily contribute to and support damaging stereotypes about individuals with mental illness. This study examined how current films feed into fears about mental illness, especially the stereotype that individuals with serious mental illness are violent. A population of films released from 1990--2010 containing a character with schizophrenia or a related disorder was compiled and 30 films were randomly selected for viewing from this list. The films were scored for acts of violence committed by characters with and without mental illness, and the acts of violence were coded for severity. This study found that characters with mental illness committed significantly more acts of violence than characters without mental illness did. The significance of these findings along with recurring themes found in the movies are discussed in this paper.
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Hayes, Katherine Jeanne. "Know your enemy, know yourself: Clarifying the meanings and implications of mental illness stigma in research and theory." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1357259915.
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Roker, Rosalyn. "Perspectives of older Blacks and Whites living with serious mental illness about outpatient mental health services." Scholar Commons, 2018. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7708.
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In the United States, over three million adults, age 50 and older, reported a diagnosis of serious mental illness (SMI) in the past year. Most of them live in community-settings and are less likely than younger adults to utilize mental health treatment. Lack of and insufficient treatment for SMI places them at increased risk of morbidity, earlier mortality, cognitive decline, and diminished quality of life. The current study aimed to: (1) examine the factors that influence Black and White older adults, who live with SMI, to seek and engage in outpatient mental health treatment; (2) identify the perspectives of Black and White older adults, who live with SMI, on the issues of accessibility, affordability, appropriateness, and availability of outpatient mental health services; and (3) determine whether the perspectives of Blacks and Whites are different on the issues of accessibility, affordability, appropriateness, and availability of outpatient mental health services.
I developed a qualitative, interview-based study using the health belief model (HBM) as the theoretical framework. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted with 19 participants, between the ages of 50-70 years (mean age 58.9), who had a clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder, schizoaffective disorder, and schizophrenia. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed verbatim, coded and analyzed using thematic analysis.
Data themes related to factors that influenced outpatient mental health treatment and services were identified and organized based on the six HBM constructs. Perceived barriers to mental health treatment engagement included lack of knowledge about available treatment and services in the community, poor mental health literacy, and stigma. Improved sense of well-being and increased socialization were perceived benefits of mental health treatment engagement. Risk of homelessness emerged from the data as the main influence for Black and White older adults, who live with SMI, to seek and engage in outpatient mental health treatment. For all participants, access to and availability of mental health services were not current issues. All except one participant had some type of medical coverage for their treatment and most of them felt that their current treatment was appropriate. There were no differences between Black and White older adults on the issues of accessibility, affordability, appropriateness, and availability of outpatient mental health services. In addition, Black participants did not feel a need for mental health services to be specifically tailored to Black older adults, and instead indicated they saw no differences in Blacks and Whites related to mental health services. These findings are contrary to existing research and may be indicative of the gravity of mental illness-related stigma, compared to racial stigma.
Better promotion of available mental health services in the community, mental health outreach, and community education about mental illness may be helpful for earlier identification of symptoms related to mental illness, earlier treatment and intervention, stigma reduction, and improved health and quality of life for community-residing older adults who live with SMI.
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Banda, Richard. "Prevalence and associated factors of caregiving burden among caregivers of individuals with severe mental illness: A hospital based study at St John of God Hospitaller services in Mzuzu, Malawi." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/31544.
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Background: Severe mental illnesses (SMI) cause significant impairment for those living with the illnesses and often rely on caregivers for the ongoing care. Available evidence suggests that individuals responsible for caregiving may get distressed due to the caregiving experience, a phenomenon researchers call caregiver burden. Following the shift to community-centered mental health services, several studies on caregiving burden have been conducted in high income countries (HIC). However, there remains scarcity of data on the subject in SubSaharan Africa including Malawi. Therefore, the present study investigated the prevalence and associated factors of caregiving burden among caregivers of individuals with SMI at St John of God Hospitaller Services (SJOGHS) in Mzuzu-Malawi. Methods: The study adopted a hospital based cross sectional study. Recruitment took place at two outpatient departments of SJOGHS. Informal caregivers who were 18 years and above were asked to participate. The study recruited 139 caregivers and two research assistants approached participants at the waiting area. Caregivers who gave consent were asked questions about their caregiving activities using the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI) (maximum score, 88). Data analysis was done using frequency distributions and descriptive statistics. The study used non-parametric tests such as a chi-square on all categorical measurements to test associations between variables and parametric tests such as t test on all continuous variables. The unadjusted and adjusted associations between socio-demographic factors and caregiving burden was conducted using logistic regression models. Results: On average, most caregivers experienced mild to moderate caregiving burden on the ZBI score (31.5 ± 16.7). In the adjusted model after controlling for caregivers’ gender, caregivers’ age, level of education, social support, care recipients’ age and care recipients’ gender, only caregivers’ age, social support and care recipients’ age remained significantly associated with caregiving burden. Older caregivers were more likely to experience caregiving burden than younger caregivers (OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.00-1.06), caregivers with social support were 71 % less likely to develop caregiving burden than those without social support (OR=0.29, 95% CI 0.14-0.62) and caregivers of older care recipients were less likely to experience caregiving burden than those of younger care recipients (OR=0.26, 95% CI 0.11-0.64). v Conclusion: Even though the caregiving burden found in this study was low compared to other previous studies in some arguably developed countries such as Iran and Turkey, it remains high in other developing countries such as Ghana and Nigeria. The low burden in this study, could be attributed to several factors and context in which the study was conducted. One such factor is the routine psychoeducation that the hospital often conducts for caregivers during the subsequent monthly reviews of their care recipients. An important follow up would be to investigate caregiving burden among caregivers who are unable to access the services at SJOGHS. The results of this study are important to guide policy in the formation of effective community programs that may assist mitigate the burden of informal caregivers. Finally, to understand the importance and implications of informal caregiving, further studies are needed in Malawi.
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Pace, Sarah Elise, and Sarah Elise Pace. "A Proposed Mechanism for Cerebral Toxoplasmosis as a Contributing Factor in Schizophrenia." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/623081.
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Schizophrenia is a devastating mental disorder that affects around 1% of the world’s population, characterized by the presence of positive symptoms including hallucinations and delusions, negative symptoms including depression and anxiety, and cognitive impairment including deficits in speech and memory. The complete etiology of schizophrenia is not yet understood, though it is known that both genetics and environmental factors play a role. One environmental factor, a chronic cerebral infection by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii, has one of the highest correlations with schizophrenia of any environmental factor, and may play a role in the pathology of the disease. This is especially true in the case of Type I toxoplasma, which is the most virulent of the three common strains of the parasite. Toxoplasmosis causes an increase in dopamine levels in the striatum and substantia nigra through the production of two enzymes that mimic the rate limiting enzyme in dopamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase. Increased dopamine concentrations in these areas are experimentally correlated with positive schizophrenia symptoms. In addition, toxoplasmosis causes chronic upregulation of the kynurenine pathway via INF- release, leading to chronically elevated kynurenic acid levels. This leads to dysfunction of the glutamatergic system via (1) the binding and inhibition ofα7- nicotinic receptors, leading to decreased GABAergic inhibitory activity in the hippocampus and decreased glutamate release in the prefrontal cortex, and (2) NMDA and AMPA receptor hypofunction, causing decreased inhibitory signaling by GABAergic neurons leaving glutamatergic neurons in a hyper-excitable state. These mechanisms, compounded by commonly identified mutations in the genes of schizophrenic individuals affecting the dopaminergic system, the kynurenine pathway,α7-nicotinic receptors, and the glutamatergic system, create a viable theory as to how the interplay between genetics and toxoplasmosis could cause schizophrenia.
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Sherrer, Margaret Verona. "Testing the Association between Negative Appraisal and Traumatic Stress Symptoms among Community Clients with Serious Mental Illness." Thesis, Boston College, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/2171.
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Thesis advisor: Ce ShenA compelling body of literature suggests that negative appraisal may be associated with adverse reactions to traumatic stress (Ehlers & Clark, 2000). However, very few studies have examined how cognitive appraisal influences posttraumatic adaptation in people with serious mental illness (SMI) despite evidence of disproportionately high prevalence rates of trauma exposure and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in this population. The major purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between negative appraisal and PTSD symptoms among adults diagnosed with SMI. It was hypothesized that negative appraisal would have a positive and significant association with traumatic stress symptoms in a clinical sample of community clients diagnosed with major mood and schizophrenia-spectrum disorders when controlling for gender, total lifetime trauma, substance use, and severity of symptoms associated with SMI. Multiple regression was employed to conduct a secondary analysis of clinical data from 291 community support clients who were receiving services from three community mental health centers in the state of Rhode Island during March to September 2009. Results supported the main hypotheses that all three types of negative appraisal with respect to self, world /others, and self blame as well as overall appraisal were positively and significantly associated with PTSD symptoms
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2011
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Social Work
Discipline: Social Work
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Burrelsman, Katherine Marie. "A Search for Meaning: The Family’s Response to Serious Mental Illness." Antioch University / OhioLINK, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=antioch1273765830.
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Pierce, Melissa Lee. "Stigma and Knowledge: A Questionnaire and Literature Review." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1354753668.
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Briggs, Gareth James. "Investigating putative pathogenic mechanisms within a family in which a chromosomal translocation confers risk of major mental illness." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22084.
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In a large Scottish family a high incidence of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder co-segregates with a balanced autosomal translocation (t(1;11)(q42.1;q14.3). The translocation disrupts Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-1 (DISC1) and DISC2 on chromosome 1, and DISC1FP1 (Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia-Fusion-Partner-1), also known as Boymaw, on chromosome 11. DISC1 is a leading candidate gene for major mental illness and is involved in neurodevelopment and cellular signalling, whilst DISC2 and DISC1FP1 are apparently non-coding RNA genes that undergo alternative splicing and that are expressed in the brain. This thesis aimed to investigate putative mechanisms of pathogenesis that may result from the t(1;11), with the hope that pathogenic mechanisms identified in the t(1;11) pedigree might shed light upon mechanisms conferring risk for psychiatric illness in the wider population. Previous work had identified DISC1/DISC1FP1 chimeric transcripts in t(1;11)-family derived lymphoblastoid cell lines. The detected transcripts include CP60 and CP69 which encode DISC1 aa1-597 plus an additional 60 or 69 amino acids from DISC1FP1, respectively. In this thesis a novel DISC1/DISC1FP1 transcript, CP1, was identified in t(1;11) lymphoblastoid cell lines. The CP1 transcript encodes DISC1 aa1-597 plus one glycine. A truncated form of DISC1 comprising aa1-597 was previously suggested to be a putative product of the translocation and, as such, has been the focus of multiple studies. The identification of the CP1 species is of interest as it differs from DISC1 aa1-597, by only a glycine. As glycines are simple uncharged aa’s, it is likely that these two DISC species share similar properties. In vitro exogenous expression of the three DISC1/DISC1FP1 protein species in both COS-7 and primary neuron cultures revealed contrasting cellular phenotypes. CP1 showed a diffuse cellular localisation pattern with cells containing readily visible tubular mitochondria. This is indistinguishable from the staining pattern of DISC1 aa1-597, highlighting the high degree of similarity between these species. CP60 and CP69, however, appeared to be clustered in the perinuclear region of the cell. Initial staining attempts with MitoTracker Red to visualise mitochondria in CP60 and CP69 expressing cells resulted in fewer than 30% of cells being stained. In those that did stain, the mitochondria appeared clustered. The absence of MitoTracker Red staining in mitochondria may be due to the loss of the mitochondrial membrane potential, Δψm. The adoption of a co-staining protocol with antibodies for mitochondrial proteins enabled the visualisation of mitochondrial structure in all of the cells exogenously expressing CP60 and CP69. All of these mitochondria possessed a clustered morphology, with which CP60 and CP69 expression was substantially co-localised. To see if MitoTracker staining was perturbed, in t(1;11) lymphoblastoid cell lines, as may occur if the DISC1/DISC1FP1 chimeras are expressed endogenously, the fluorescence of MitoTracker Red staining was investigated by FACS. Pooled analysis of experimental replicates revealed a negative result, with MitoTracker Red staining in t(1;11) lymphoblastoid cell lines not differing from controls. These findings indicate a need for further research using the mitochondrial membrane potential, Δψm as a metric as this would enable variations in mitochondrial mass to be accounted for. Prior to my arrival, an expression microarray had been carried out on lymphoblastoid cell line cDNA to assess gene expression differences resulting from the t(1;11). In order to identify putative pathogenic mechanisms, I carried out functional enrichment analysis of the expression array data using multiple analysis programs. Several programs detected dysregulation of the cell cycle and enrichment of altered expression of genes involved in the immune response and inflammation in t(1;11) carriers. The use of a rare variant investigative paradigm in this thesis furthers understanding of the putative pathogenic mechanisms that might act to increase risk for psychiatric illness in t(1;11) carriers. Moreover, it may aid the biological understanding of the aetiology of psychiatric illness in the general population. As such, improved understanding of the mechanisms of risk in the t(1;11) pedigree may eventually lead to the development of better treatments. In the intervening time since some of the research for thesis was published, two studies have emerged that may serve to highlight potential mechanisms of pathogenic action mediated by CP60 and CP69 expression. It has recently been observed that WT-DISC1 couples to the adaptor protein TRAK1 and the mitochondrial membrane anchor Miro1, which are part of the mitochondrial transport complex (Ogawa et al, 2014; Norkett et al, 2016). Furthermore, the exogenous expression of CP60 impairs bidirectional mitochondrial trafficking (Norkett et al, 2016). This suggests that CP60 expression may impair interactions with TRAK1 and Miro1. Given the sequence homology between CP60 and CP69, mitochondrial transport deficits also likely arise with CP69 expression. It is therefore possible that the exogenously expressed CP60 and CP69 proteins could be docked on stationary mitochondria, which may contribute to the clustered expression patterns observed.
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Anthony, Kathleen Hope. "Exploring Helper and Consumer Partnerships That Facilitate Recovery From Severe Mental Illness." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1131125531.
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McCartney, Daniel Lawrence. "Investigating genome-wide transcriptional and methylomic consequences of a balanced t(1;11) translocation linked to major mental illness." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28873.
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Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder are devastating psychiatric conditions with a complex, overlapping genetic and environmental architecture. Previously, a family has been reported where a balanced chromosomal translocation between chromosomes 1 and 11 [t(1;11)] shows significant linkage to these disorders. This translocation transects three genes: Disrupted in schizophrenia- 1 (DISC1) on chromosome 1, a non-coding RNA, Disrupted in schizophrenia-2 (DISC2) antisense to DISC1, and a non-coding transcript, DISC1 fusion partner-1 (DISC1FP1) on chromosome 11, all of which could result in pathogenic properties in the context of the translocation. This thesis focuses on the genome-wide effects of the t(1;11) translocation, primarily examining differences in gene expression and DNA methylation, using various biological samples from the t(1;11) family. To assess the genome-wide effects of the t(1;11) translocation on methylation, DNA methylation was profiled in whole-blood from 41 family members using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip. Significant differential methylation was observed within the translocation breakpoint regions on chromosomes 1 and 11. Downstream analysis identified additional regions of differential methylation outwith these chromosomes, while pathway analysis showed terms related to psychiatric disorders and neurodevelopment were enriched amongst differentially methylated genes, in addition to more general terms pertaining to cellular function. Using induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology, neuronal samples were developed from fibroblasts in a subset of individuals profiled for genome-wide methylation in whole blood (N = 6) with an aim to replicate the significant findings around the breakpoint regions. Here, methylation was profiled using the Infinium HumanMethylation450 BeadChip’s successor: the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip. The results from the blood-based study failed to replicate in the neuronal samples, which could be attributed to low statistical power or tissue-specific factors such as methylation quantitative trait loci. The differences in methylation in the most significantly differentially methylated loci were found to be driven by a single individual, rendering further interpretation of the findings from this analysis difficult without additional samples. Cross-tissue analyses of DNA methylation were performed on blood and neuronal DNA from these six individuals, revealing little correlation between cell types. DISC1 is central to a network of interacting protein partners, including the transcription factor ATF4, and PDE4; both of which are associated with the cAMP signalling pathway. Haploinsufficiency of DISC1 due to the translocation may therefore be disruptive to cAMP-mediated gene expression. In order to identify transcriptomic effects which may be related to the t(1;11) translocation, genome-wide expression profiling was performed in lymphoblastoid cell line RNA from 13 family members. No transcripts were found to be differentially expressed at the genome-wide significant level. A post-hoc power analysis suggested that more samples would be required in order to detect genome-wide significant differential expression. However, imposing a fold-change cut-off to the data identified a number of candidate genes for follow-up analysis, including SORL1: a member of the brain-expressed Sortilin gene family. Sortilin genes have been linked to multiple psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and Alzheimer’s disease. Follow-up analyses of Sortilin family members were performed in a Disc1 mouse model of schizophrenia, containing an amino acid substitution (L100P). Here, developmental gene expression profiling was performed with an additional aim to optimise and validate work performed by others using this mouse model. However, results from these experiments were variable between two independent batches mice tested. Additional investigation of Sortilin family genes was performed using GWAS data from human samples, using machine learning techniques to identify epistatic interactions linked to depression and brain function, revealing no statistically significant interactions. The results presented in this thesis suggest a potential mechanism for differential DNA methylation in the context of chromosomal translocations, and suggests mechanisms whereby increased risk of illness is conferred upon translocation carriers through dysregulation of transcription and DNA methylation.
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Matthews, Paul Richard Leonard. "Morphometric and molecular studies of schizophrenia and mood disorders." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670182.
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Fredin, Rebecca Layton. "Perceptions of quality of medical care among consumers with schizophrenia who have a comorbid medical illness." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1330979750.
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Beulke, Joshua Thomas. "The Effectiveness of Psychotherapy for Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders in Community Residential Settings." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2521.
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The purpose of this research was to analyze the effectiveness of psychotherapy for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders who reside in community residential settings. The present body of literature did not address the utility of psychotherapy treatment for this population. A key area of focus for this research was whether psychotherapy has an impact on psychiatric hospitalization rates for the target population. An additional research question was whether significant differences exist in psychiatric hospitalization rates between males and females for the target population. Data analyses were conducted using archival data from the Blossom Hill Corporation and Sunrise Farm Corporation in the State of Minnesota. Research questions were analyzed with a 2x2 factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA). Results indicated no significant differences in hospitalization rates for individuals in the target population who received psychotherapy (n = 60) compared to those who did not (n = 76). Hospitalization rates also did not differ between gender in psychotherapy treatment response for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia spectrum disorders in community residential settings. This study has implications for social change because it informs community residential providers in Minnesota serving individuals in the target population about the impact of psychotherapy on reducing psychiatric hospitalizations. Social change is further affected by providing data about how psychotherapy and theory can be used to better treat and understand the target population's mental health stability.
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Littler, Susan E. "Early family trauma: a comparison between adults with schizophrenia and depression." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00002495/.
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[Abstract]: This study explores similarities and differences in the early family history of an adult group with schizophrenia, and a matched group with major depression. Attachment theory, trauma theory and their relation to serious mental illnesses are used to understand the clinical participants’ reported early traumatic experiences of emotional deprivation and neglect.A retrospective design includes self-report questionnaires from clinical participants, and semi-structured interviews with participants’ mothers/primary caregivers.Data analysis includes:1. Assessment of matched participants’ reported prevalence of emotional deprivation and neglect in four different age groups;2. Assessment of themes of early family trauma and sequelae from the mother interviews;3. Qualitative analysis of sample mother/primary caregiver interviews from each diagnostic group of the manner in which the interviewees construct their stories around trauma;4. Quantitative analysis of a conceptualised model representing the arguments developed in the body of this dissertation.The second and third forms of analysis above include a panel of three experts, blind to diagnosis, validating this researcher’s findings.Standard multiple regression analysis indicates participants’ reported neglect across all age groups significantly predicts emotional deprivation, with neglect contributing 27.4% of the variability, but with no individual age band contributing significantly to the equation.Themes from the mother interviews are clustered into three constructs, guided by the research questions and this researcher’s clinical experience, the mothers’ emphases and the expert panel into Early Family Trauma, Maternal Fatigue, and Clinical Participants’ Early Attachment Difficulties.The mothers’ manner of discussing early family trauma is defined via speech markers as dissociative (disorganised, incoherent, and unresolved) or coherent (grounded, sequential and resolved) according to Attachment Theory and the literature on dissociation. Speakers are assigned as using dissociation or not as a categorical variable.A model is conceptualised to represent the interrelatedness of data from the participants and their mothers, including the manner in which the mothers relate early family trauma. Canonical Discriminant Function Analysis indicates that early family trauma and maternal fatigue discriminate little between diagnostic groups and that maternal non-resolution of early traumatic events and (possibly related) participant offspring attachment difficulties contribute most to distinguishing between the two diagnostic groups. Finally, a greater number of participants from the schizophrenia sample than from the depression sample continue to live with mother, possibly indicating that the early attachment difficulties remain unresolved.Discussion offers a reconceptualisation of several major and/or established theories concerning risk factors in schizophrenia, and examines shortcomings in the literature, concluding with suggestions for future research.
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Steinberg, Marc L. "Engaging Smokers with Schizophrenia in Treatment for Tobacco Dependence: A Brief Motivational Interviewing Intervention." [Tampa, Fla. : s.n.], 2003. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000075.
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Taylor-Moore, Karen Elizabeth. "Towards a new understanding of psychological suffering." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/3435.
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It is suggested that the lack of progress made towards understanding and preventing, or even in many cases even alleviating, psychological suffering has been due, in large part, to the way in which such suffering is conceptualised – as ‘disorder’, ‘illness’ or ‘disease’ which is located, and is thus potentially locatable, within the individual. This conceptualisation of psychological suffering is referred to in this thesis as the ‘Dysfunctional Mind Account’ (DMA). The DMA, it is argued, underlies all accepted models/theories of psychological suffering and is the dominant way of conceptualising such suffering for both professionals and lay-people in Western cultures. It is further argued that the main reason the DMA is unable to assist in understanding and alleviating psychological suffering is because it is underpinned by assumptions about human beings and their suffering which are inherently flawed. The account presented in this thesis places at its centre an analysis of persons and their experience that attempts to overthrow these assumptions. The resulting reconceptualisation presents a view of psychological suffering as emergent from our continual personal and embodied enmeshment within our social world, rather than as arising primarily out of the various processes occurring ‘within’ us (whether that be our neurochemistry or our ‘mental mechanisms’ or an ‘interaction’ between them). It is essentially suggested that psychological suffering emerges from the same source as all other aspects of our personal being; from the constant coactions between the various aspects of our being in the world – personal, organismic and molecular – with the environment within which we are enmeshed. This means that the feelings/thoughts/behaviours conceptualised as ‘mental disorder’ are as much part of our personal being as any other aspect of us; they are not ‘other’, they are not ‘disease’, ‘illness’ or ‘dysfunction’. Such feelings/thoughts/ behaviours, it is argued, almost always, perhaps inevitably, represent a very adaptive response, at every level of our being, to environmental contingencies. Thus, when understood in its full context, the suffering conceptualised as ‘mental disorder’ can be seen as the very understandable responses of the embodied person to what is happening to them, rather than ‘un-understandable’ dysfunctions, aberrations and pathological processes of the ‘mind’ (or brain).
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Duff, Barbara Jane. "Cognition in t(1;11) translocation carriers and patients with psychotic disorders." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28826.
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Deficits in a number of cognitive domains have been associated with core symptoms of schizophrenia, including working memory, attention, motor skills, reaction time, episodic memory and executive function. Bipolar Disorder is also associated with cognitive impairment; however the level of impairment appears to be less severe than that seen in schizophrenia. A translocation (t(1;11)) containing the Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) gene has been found to be highly associated with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depressive disorder. As such, this gene has been the focus of much research and to date DISC1 has been found to be associated with brain development, brain structure and the glutamate system - all key factors in current models of schizophrenia and affective disorders. The aim of this PhD is to identify cognitive domains that are differentially impaired or unimpaired in a large Scottish family, some of whom carry this rare DISC1 variant, a balanced translocation (t (1;11) (q 42; q14.3)), that segregates with schizophrenia and affective disorders, as well as psychiatric patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and healthy control subjects. All participants have undergone standardised cognitive assessments to measure premorbid I.Q. (NART), current I.Q. (WASI) verbal memory, working memory, verbal fluency, processing speed, motor skills, executive function (BACS) and selected CANTAB tasks to assess simple and five-choice reaction time. Polygenic risk profile scores and self-report questionnaire data have also been investigated. Results indicate an impact of the DISC1 t(1;11) translocation on general intelligence and attention and processing speed. Significant differences were also identified between DISC1 t(1;11) carriers and non-carriers on self-report questionnaire data. Mean scores for polygenic risk for bipolar disorder were significantly different between DISC1 t(1;11) carriers and non-carriers and polygenic risk for schizophrenia was significantly associated with symptom severity, as measured by the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS). Within the patient groups, a measure of processing speed (the token motor task) was found to be significantly different between those with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and there was also a trend for attention and processing speed. As expected, I.Q. was significantly different between patients and control participants. Clinical ratings were significantly associated with neuropsychological and self-report measures. Polygenic risk for major depressive disorder was found to be significantly associated with impaired general intelligence (current IQ) and slowed reaction time in patients who were not currently depressed, suggesting there may be genetic risk markers in this population which impact on cognition. This is a novel finding and further suggests the possibility of a biological component related to the genetics of depression. In conclusion, and in line with the literature, psychosis has a negative impact on cognition with reduced performance across several neuropsychological tasks between patient groups, with schizophrenia patients performing worse than patients with bipolar disorder and both patient groups performing worse than healthy control participants. Cognition is markedly more impaired in DISC1 t(1;11) translocation carriers and especially in those with psychosis. The DISC1 t(1;11) translocation and psychosis may therefore confer a “double hit” on cognition - in addition to psychosis itself - which is known to impair cognitive function, significantly increasing the level of cognitive impairment and increasing the risk for psychosis in general.
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Farquharson, Kirsten Leigh. "Audience observations of art, identity and schizophrenia : possibilities for identity movement." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1012992.
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This research situates itself in the study of stigma in mental illness. In particular, the aim is to explore the potential that art making and exhibiting has in reducing stigma for those with a diagnosis of schizophrenia. The research explores one aspect (the exhibition stage) of an "art as therapy" project. The exhibiting of one’s artwork aims to counter limiting "patient" identities by allowing those labelled as psychiatric patients to extend their self-identity to an alternative identity of the "artist". However, this idea only stands strong if the artwork created is not discriminated against as "naïve art" and is accepted or at least considered for acceptance as legitimate nonprofessional artwork. This research explores the ways in which art created by inpatients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia is received by the general art-viewing public at the National Arts Festival in Grahamstown, South Africa. The study uses a discourse analytic framework to analyse the interviews of members of the public who attended the art exhibition of patient artwork. It will examine the ways in which the public construct the artworks and how they position the makers of this art across a continuum, from patient to artist. The results of this thesis have implications for rehabilitation practices for people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia particularly with regard to opportunities to "perform" alternative identities in public spaces.
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Strozier, Jeffrey G. "The Relationship Between the Hearing Distressing Voices Simulation and Changes in Empathy Among Master’s Students in Counseling." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2018. https://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/2496.
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The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that the hearing distressing voices simulation training, Developing Empathy for the Lived Experience of Psychiatric Disability: A Simulation of Hearing Distressing Voices (HDVS), developed by Patricia E. Deegan, Ph.D., will affect counseling students’ empathy for clients diagnosed with schizophrenia, as measured by the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Health Professions Students version (JSE-HPS). The experimental design was a quasi-experimental, one-group, pre-test/ post-test, and the Jefferson Scale of Empathy – Health Professions Students version was used to measure empathy. A total of 55 participants were drawn from a convenience sample of master’s counseling students from CACREP-accredited programs in southern Louisiana and Chicago, Illinois. A two tailed, paired samples t-test revealed that there was a significant difference (pM=116.11, SD=9.76) and post-test empathy scores (M=121.85, SD=8.9). This study suggests the HVDS is an effective tool to assist counseling students with developing empathy, decreasing stigmatizing attitudes, and avoiding disempowerment and marginalization within the counseling relationship.
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Jenkins, Gareth Sion. "Anthony Mannix 'The atomic book' /." Access electronically, 2008. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/89.
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Swasey, Olivia. "Forward Momentum: New & Selected Poems." Kent State University Honors College / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ksuhonors1554819566616789.
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Silva, Cristina Maria Magalhães de Oliveira Vieira da. "Família, doença mental e reabilitação psicossocial: Estudo da relação entre a percepção que as famílias de doentes psicóticos têm de si, da doença e da reabilitação e o seu envolvimento no processo de reabilitação psicossocial." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Psicologia Aplicada, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.12/927.
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Dissertação de Mestrado em Psicopatologia e Psicologia ClínicaEstima-se que em Portugal existam 60000 cidadãos com perturbações de saúde mental grave e prolongada. Estas obrigam a um processo longo e continuado de serviços onde se realça a importância de um trabalho de parceria efectiva entre doentes, técnicos, famílias e comunidade em geral, por forma a facilitar a reabilitação psicossocial a nível pessoal, social e profissional das pessoas doentes, A família, que em alguns casos funciona como rede de suporte nuclear, vê-se também perante uma realidade que não desejou. O objectivo do nosso estudo foi perceber como é que as famílias de pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia se percepcionam a si próprias, como percepcionam a doença mental e o processo de reabilitação psicossocial e verificar se esta percepção se relaciona com o seu envolvimento no processo de reabilitação. Participaram no estudo 20 familiares de pessoas com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia, envolvidas em processo de reabilitação, respondendo à escala de diferencial semântico (Osgood, 1957) a qual foi analisada nos seus factores avaliativo e potência. Participaram também os técnicos de referência dos familiares doentes que, através do preenchimento da versão resultante do estudo das propriedades métricas da EAEFR (Oliveira, 1998), avaliaram o envolvimento das famílias na reabilitação. Concluímos que o nível de envolvimento destas famílias, na reabilitação dos seus familiares doentes, se situa ligeiramente abaixo de um nível mediano e que as famílias da nossa amostra têm uma percepção positiva de si e da reabilitação e uma percepção negativa da doença mental. Encontramos uma correlação negativa entre a força que percepcionam na sua família e nos técnicos de saúde mental e o seu envolvimento no processo de reabilitação. A percepção que fazem da qualidade das instituições psiquiátricas também se correlaciona negativamente como o envolvimento na reabilitação. Verificamos que quanto mais forte sentem o apoio psicossocial, mais se envolvem no processo. Com base nestes resultados discutimos estratégias facilitadoras do envolvimento das famílias no processo de reabilitação dos seus familiares doentes.
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Gagas, Jonathan. "Late Modernist Schizophrenia: From Phenomenology to Cultural Pathology." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/263194.
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EnglishPh.D.
My dissertation demonstrates how representations of schizophrenic characters in novels can combat widespread misuses of psychiatric terms and help readers empathize with mentally ill people if we read these novels with some understanding of psychiatry and the psychoanalysis that influenced them. I undertake a critical genealogy of the schizophrenia concept's migration from the mental health professions to fiction, concentrating on the period from the German invasion of Paris in June 1940 to the events of May 1968, with some attention to contemporary uses of the schizophrenia concept by cultural theorists. Experimental novelists writing during the apogee and aftermath of National Socialism from the 1940s to the 1970s represent schizophrenia as they understood it to express the painful emotions produced by World War II's challenge to the value of experimental writing. In the postwar fiction of Samuel Beckett (1906-1989) and Georges Perec (1936-1982), imitating schizophrenia results in careful disclosures of disintegrating life-worlds: in Beckett's case, the dissolution of the James Joyce circle and the communities of modernist exiles it exemplified, which the German invasion of Paris destroyed; in Perec's case, the deaths of his parents in the defense of France and the Holocaust, and the annihilated six million Jews including his mother. Reading Beckett and Perec's novels develops readers' abilities to empathize with both schizophrenic people and the loved ones of Holocaust victims. While those who avoided the concentration camps like Perec did not experience their horrors firsthand, losing relatives and other loved ones transformed their lives, just as losing two thirds of its Jewish population devastated European culture despite reticence to acknowledge the Holocaust's monstrous effects in the postwar years. Late modernist fiction can thus both help readers understand the Holocaust's cultural impact and foster the skills necessary to understand experiences of severe mental disorder. Such empathic understanding is more humane than romanticizing or stigmatizing schizophrenia or other mental illnesses, and it helps us register the Holocaust's degradation of humanity anew rather than walling off this event in the past or regarding it solely as a Jewish issue. Late modernist fiction provides a more precise, caring alternative to the romanticizing/stigmatizing binary perpetuated by postwar cultural theorists because, from the 1930s to the 1970s, the fiction gradually transitions from reinforcing that binary to enabling empathy for traumatized and mentally ill people. Such fiction anticipated recent phenomenologies of schizophrenia - real experiences of distress and impairment rather than socially constructed concepts of madness - and traumatic shame, an emotional experience of oneself or one's community as inadequate in response to failure, especially the Holocaust as a failure of European culture and modernity. Both traumatic shame and severe mental disorder can make the body conspicuous, alienate people from their cultures, and disintegrate structures of salience and belonging that make sustained relationships and projects possible. Recent existential-phenomenological theories of mental disorder enable reintegrating schizophrenia representation in fiction into the history of literary modernism, especially its concern with historical forces disrupting the minds of individuals. These theories explain changes in mentally ill people's sense of possibilities for developing themselves and relating to others, from the way they experience their bodies to the way they use language. Hence I use these theories to demonstrate how knowledge of schizophrenia enabled post-Holocaust novelists to travesty and transform earlier novelists' uses of fictional minds to interrogate cultural change.
Temple University--Theses
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Lam, Sai-chung Kenneth, and 林世中. ""Use the terms of" schizophrenia, psychosis, psychotic patients in Hong Kong news media : a content analysis of printed coverage, 2002-2012." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/192977.
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Background/ Objectives:
It can always be recognised that mass media is one of key sources of information to society. Moreover, it has a great power to affect our life. Printed media, for example, newspaper as one of media communications contains words and texts, which can also create a strong power to influence readers to receive information, including news coverage of mental illness.
The objective of this study is to analyse our selected the terms of Schizophrenia, Psychosis and Psychotic Patients from our selected three local Chinese newspapers in Hong Kong, to see the frequency and the trend of reporting incidents on news stories, and the use of language/words to portray people with mental illness on press coverage. Research questions were about 1) the change of frequency using the term of Schizophrenia, and under the same question the hypothesis was to see if using the term of Psychosis was more than Schizophrenia; 2) reviewed the term of Schizophrenia to see our selected three local newspapers whether or not choosing the term of Schizophrenia on news coverage more than Psychosis; 3) assessed both terms of Schizophrenia and Psychosis regarding incidents in all articles, the former was related to negative stories and the latter was related to good news coverage. 4) We reviewed the trend of using all keywords akin to metaphorical (words) usage in all articles. At last, 5) we also assessed all keywords in regard to the trend of using of stereotyping wordings in all papers in our selected years.
Method:
We assessed the database of retrospective newspaper via WiseNews of electronic resource at the University of Hong Kong, to retrieve the total of 1884 articles, from chosen newspapers, for example, Apple Daily, Ming Pao Daily News and Tai Kung Pao Daily News. We retrieved those newspapers in 2002, 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2012 for our research study.
Results:
It is good to see that, since 2001 renaming in Psychosis (思覺失調), the term has been widely accepted in the public and has already been used on news coverage. In comparison with both terms of Schizophrenia (精神分裂 [症]) and Psychosis (思覺失調), we noticed that the frequency of using the name of Schizophrenia on printed media has, however, still remained higher than the term of psychosis to portray people with mental illness in all news papers [Schizophrenia – 40.2% 757/1884 /Psychosis – 24.9% 469/1884]. And we also noted that the term of Psychotic Patients was strong association with people in Schizophrenia to appear on same news coverage, according to our research findings. Meanwhile, it can be seen that using Psychosis (renaming in Chinese) on news coverage was increased gradually from 2002 – 2012, whereas using Schizophrenia was a lead in association with criminal cases, with 35/132 of unfavourable events. On the one hand, it can be noted that the trend of metaphorical usage was increased gradually from 2002 – 2012, and in all newspapers the more frequency of using metaphorical words/usage was to insult/cite someone with 46.2% (175/379 articles). On the other hand, it is not surprising to see that the more frequency of using stereotyping words was “Dangerous” or “Violence” to portray people with mental illness in all newspapers, which was highest record with 61.8% (202/327 counted articles)
Conclusion:
Mass media is generally recognised as key source of information to society, including media coverage of mental illness. Moreover, press media has a great power to influence us. In content analysis of our selected articles, it can be noted that in 2002 –2012, using the term of Schizophrenia was more than using Psychosis in our selected three local Chinese newspapers. It was revealed that the trend of using metaphorical (words) usage in all papers was increased gradually and the more frequency using of both terms was to insult/cite someone. It can be no doubt that inappropriate words and negative descriptive languages to portray people with mental illness on news coverage could influence people’s perception with negative towards psychotic patients. Stigma is a great impact on people with mental illness to receive treatment appropriately and can minimise their self-esteem as a result of causing social withdrawal. Family and relatives are also considerably stigmatised. Educational promotion is one of critical ways to promote mental health, to increase more public awareness and knowledge of mental illness in our society.
It could be suggested that training for journalists could be essential, in order to avoid using of sensational or negative descriptive language on news coverage of mental illness that could reduce stigma. We believe that the more people know and receive information accurate on media coverage of mental illness, the less people can form stigma in our society.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Svenfelt, Ylva. "Vårdande av psykiskt sjuka patienter med somatisk sjukdom i palliativt skede." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-5128.
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Bakgrund:Personer med allvarlig och kronisk psykisk sjukdom (SPMI), är en sårbar grupp med hög sjuklighet och dödlighet över genomsnittet. Trots detta är lite känt om dessa personers erfarenheter och behov av palliativ vård. Syfte:Syftet med uppsatsen var att belysa vårdande av psykiskt sjuka patienter med somatisk sjukdom i palliativt skede. Metod:Uppsatsen är en litteraturöversikt. Den huvudsakliga metoden har utgjorts av litteratursökning och analys av relevanta vårdvetenskapliga artiklar. Datainsamlingen har skett genom en inledande och en egentlig litteratursökning Resultat:Resultatavsnittet har tre teman. Det första temat, aspekter av vårdande, belyser palliativ vård av psykiskt sjuka patienter, symtom på livshotande sjukdom hos patientgruppen, förstärkning av den psykiatriska symtom vid livshotande somatisk sjukdom, upplevelser av smärta samt palliativ psykiatri. Det andra temat behandlar den psykiskt sjuka patientens beslutsförmåga och självbestämmande. Det tredje temat, tillit och kommunikation, handlar om relationen mellan sjuksköterskan och den psykiskt sjuka patienten. Diskussion:Människors omvårdnadsbehov i ett palliativt skede är sannolikt likartade, men alla patientgrupper får inte sina behov tillgodosedda. När det gäller personer med SPMI, får patientgruppen dels otillräcklig vård och dels tillgodoses inte omvårdnadsbehoven. En ökad kunskap om dessa personers ökade risk att dö av somatisk sjukdom och större kännedom om patientgruppens symtom på allvarlig somatisk sjukdom, skulle kunna leda till förebyggande vård och tidigare upptäckt av livshotande sjukdom.Background: Persons with severe and persistent mental illness (SPMI), is a vulnerable group with high morbidity and mortality above average. Despite this, little is known about these people's experiences and needs of palliative care. Aim: The aim of this paper was to highlight the caring of mentally ill patients with somatic illness in palliative phase. Method: This paper is a literature review. The method consisted of a literature search and analysis of relevant healhtcare scientific papers. Data collection was conducted through an initial and an actual literature search. Results: This section consists of three themes. The first theme, aspects of care, highlights the palliative care of mentally ill patients, symptoms of life-threatening disease, increase of psychotic symptoms, experiences of pain and palliative psychiatry. The second theme consider mentally ill patient's decision-making ability and self-determination. The third theme, trust and communication, discusses the relationship between the nurse and the mentally ill patient. Discussion: Human needs in palliative care is probably similar, but all patient groups do not get their needs fulfilled. Persons with SPMI as a group receive partly inadequate care. A better knowledge of these persons increased risk of death from somatic diseases and better knowledge of symptoms of serious somatic illness, could lead to preventive care and early detection of life-threatening disease.
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Jarosinski, Judith M. "A Life Disrupted: Still Lived." VCU Scholars Compass, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1724.
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Ivarsson, Bo. "Tools for Outcome-informed management of mental illness : Psychometric properties of instruments of the Swedish clinical multicenter Quality Star cohort." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för ekonomi, kommunikation och IT, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-7737.
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The purpose of this thesis was to investigate the psychometric properties of three global user subjective measures of the ”The Quality Star” clinical review model: Consumer Satisfaction Scale, Global Quality of Life scale, and Perceived Global Distress scale. The mental health implementation context of this review model emphasizes the client as an agent of change, taking part in shared decision making in an empowered role as collaborative partner to the professional clinicians. In Paper I study the patient self-rating Consumer Satisfaction Scale gave results comparable to those obtained by independent interviewer assessors. Out of cost-effective perspective professional time is saved and logistics simplified. In Paper II the visual analogue self-rating Global Quality of Life scale was shown to have satisfactory test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity with the “Life as a whole” item of Manchester Short Assessment of Quality of Life (MANSA). The patients’ conceptualizations of the scale based on associative findings with a number of validating instruments were consistent with expected areas of concern for Serious Mentally Ill persons. Similarly, in Paper III the visual analogue scale the Perceived Global Distress scale, showed acceptable clinical test-retest reliability, and concurrent validity with the MANSA item, “How satisfied are you with your mental health”. In associative analyses it was found that depressive, anxiety, interpersonal and existential elements contributed to the patient´s conceptualization of the construct. In Paper IV, a previous finding suggesting that women were more satisfied with the health care and had better social functioning compared to men was further elaborated investigating the discriminative properties of the subjective instruments. In the multi-centre cohort of 2552 patients it was possible to detect differences between genders and functional levels professionally assessed with the split version of Global Assessment of Functioning rating scale. The General discussion underlines that although subjective measures tend to have strong interrelations, supporting earlier findings, one has to use multiple measures for an optimal management of mental illness as the subjective outcome ratings have to be individually interpreted in a feed-back dialogue with the patient and be compared to observational assessments.
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Yerabham, Antony Sravan Kumar [Verfasser], Carsten [Gutachter] Korth, and Georg [Gutachter] Groth. "Investigations of the structural organization of the Disrupted-in-Schizophrenia 1 (DISC1) protein, a major risk factor for mental illness / Antony Sravan Kumar Yerabham ; Gutachter: Carsten Korth, Georg Groth." Düsseldorf : Universitäts- und Landesbibliothek der Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1138114480/34.
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Berrocal, Izquierdo Núria. "Frecuencia y factores de riesgo de enfermedad cerebrovascular en esquizofrenia y trastornos relacionados." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/404411.
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La salud física de los pacientes con trastorno mental grave es un campo de interés creciente en medicina. En concreto, la enfermedad cerebrovascular es la causa más frecuente de muerte natural prematura en los pacientes con trastornos relacionados con la esquizofrenia, por lo que debería incluirse en toda estrategia de salud que incluya a dicha población.
La tesis presentada nace de la percepción de los neurólogos del Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu de que los pacientes con trastornos relacionados con la esquizofrenia presentan una frecuencia de enfermedad cerebrovascular mayor de la esperada por edad y comorbilidad vascular.
Se han realizado 3 estudios (una serie de casos, un estudio de casos y controles y un estudio de cohortes retrospectivas) en los que se explora la relación entre salud cardiovascular, enfermedad cerebrovascular, uso de antipsicóticos, trastorno mental grave y trastornos relacionados con la esquizofrenia. El concepto de “enfermedad cerebrovascular” no se limita al clásico de “ictus” o “accidente isquémico transitorio” sinó que se extiende al de “enfermedad cerebrovascular silente”. Ésta última es una entidad controvertida, en continua evaluación y sobre la que se realiza una extensa revisión en la tesis. La carga vascular global se ha medido con el Framingham Risk Score.
Las conclusiones finales de la valoración conjunta de los tres estudios son:
- Los hechos aislados de presentar algún tipo de trastorno mental grave y de tomar antipsicóticos no aumentan el riesgo de enfermedad cerebrovascular.
- Los pacientes con trastornos relacionados con la esquizofrenia sí presentan una mayor comorbilidad cerebrovascular, comparados con pacientes con otros trastornos mentales severos e independientemente de la carga vascular global.
- El uso prolongado de politerapia antipsicótica se relaciona con la presencia de enfermedad cerebrovascular en población con trastornos relacionados con la esquizofrenia, también de forma independiente de la carga vascular global.This thesis is based on the perception of Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu neurologists that patients with schizophrenia-related disorders present a higher frequency of cerebrovascular disease than expected for their age and vascular comorbidity. We present 3 studies in which the relationship among vascular health, cerebrovascular disease, antipsychotic drugs, severe mental illness and psychotic disorders is explored in middle-aged and elderly adults. After the evaluation of these studies we conclude that neither the isolated events of presenting any type of serious mental illness nor taking antipsychotics drugs increase the risk of cerebrovascular morbidity. Nevertheless, we found that patients with schizophrenia-related disorders do have greater risk of cerebrovascular pathology, regardless of global vascular load. In addition, prolonged use of antipsychotic polytherapy is related to the presence of cerebrovascular comorbidity in the population with schizophrenia-related disorders. We conclude that the relationship between chronic schizophrenia-related disorders and cerebrovascular disease may be beyond the classic cardiovascular risk factors and may also be related to certain medications.
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Flint, Paula J. "A qualitative analysis of the negative symptoms of schizophrenia interfering with academic and social success, and the exacerbators and diminishers of those symptoms." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2003. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4422/.
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The Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) mandates that public schools provide appropriate school programs and transition services for students with emotional and behavioral disorders (E/BD), and the law specifically names schizophrenia as a disability for which services are to be provided. To date, little, if any, research has been conducted on schizophrenia in the field of special education. New antipsychotic medications for schizophrenia are controlling the positive symptoms of hallucinations, illusions, and the severest of delusions, thus enabling these students to remain in school. However, many interfering negative symptoms remain (e.g., loss of goals, loss of former interests, cognitive regression). The purpose of this qualitative research study was to identify the negative symptoms of schizophrenia that interfere with a student's academic and social success, primarily within a school setting, but also as they affect functioning within the family and the student's transition into the community. In addition, specific factors that act as exacerbators or diminishers of these symptoms were identified through this study. Research participants included 5 students who developed schizophrenia from the ages of 12 to 22, their parents, and their teachers. They were interviewed using a semi-structured approach resulting in over 30 hours of taped interview data. Data were then analyzed for commonalities, patterns, and data triangulation among the participants. Significant similarities among interfering symptoms and factors that exacerbate and diminish symptoms were identified among the participants, resulting in study findings of potential use for future researchers and professionals in the fields of special and general education, counseling, and psychology. The study results include lists of symptoms, exacerbators, and diminishers, and explanations of the significant findings. Findings from this study provide information necessary for the development of effective interventions in academic remediation, social skill training, counseling, and transition planning for this special education population. Knowledge of symptoms interfering with school success and factors that exacerbate or diminish the interfering symptoms is necessary for school professionals to conduct manifestation determinations, and functional behavioral analyses (FBA), and to create individualized education plans (IEP), and individualized transition plans (ITP).
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Samalin, Ludovic. "Attitudes et croyances vis-à-vis du traitement comme variables intermédiaires du comportement d'usage du médicament." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF1MM21/document.
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La prise en charge des patients souffrant d’un trouble mental justifie une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes influençant les comportements des patients et des cliniciens vis-à-vis des stratégies thérapeutiques. Le principal objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier et d’identifier le rôle des attitudes des patients et des cliniciens vis-à-vis du comportement d’usage d’une thérapeutique. Pour cela, nous avons réalisé plusieurs études permettant d’appréhender cette problématique dans différentes pathologies et envers différentes thérapeutiques.Concernant les attitudes des patients envers leur traitement, nous avons détaillé un travail visant à évaluer les croyances de patients souffrant de schizophrénie envers leur antipsychotique et une étude qualitative sur les attitudes des patients bipolaires envers leur prise en charge en phase d’euthymie. Nous avons montré l’impact des attitudes négatives sur le niveau d’observance ou d’adhésion des patients à leur prise en charge et l’intérêt de cibler des stratégies de prise en charge individualisées visant à améliorer ces attitudes. Concernant les psychiatres, nous avons présenté une étude évaluant les attitudes des cliniciens vis-à-vis des recommandations professionnelles ainsi qu’un travail concernant leurs attitudes envers les antipsychotiques d’action prolongée. Certaines attitudes des psychiatres apparaissaient associées à une plus faible utilisation des recommandations ou des formulations d’action prolongée. Nos résultats montrent ainsi que l’observance ou l’adhésion des patients à une prise en charge ou le choix thérapeutique des cliniciens sont sous-tendus par leurs attitudes. L’étude des attitudes dans le domaine de la santé mentale apparaît comme une étape indispensable dans la compréhension de certains comportements d’usage des thérapeutiques. Les données issues des travaux présentés mais aussi d’études récentes permettent d’envisager un changement de paradigme dans l’appréhension des comportements d’observance des patients et de décision médicale des cliniciens dans le choix d’une thérapeutique centré sur leurs attitudesThe management of patients with severe mental illnesses needs a better understanding of thefactors affecting the behaviours of clinicians and patients toward therapeutic strategies.The main objective of this thesis was to assess and identify the role of the clinician’s attitudes and patients’ attitudes toward the medication use behaviour. We conducted several studies to address this point in different mental disorders and for different type of treatment. Concerning the patients ‘attitudes toward treatment, we reported data from a study assessing the beliefs toward antipsychotics of schizophrenic patients and from a qualitative study assessing the patient’s attitudes toward the management of bipolar disorder in euthymic periods. We showed that the negative attitudes had a marked impact on the level of adherence of patients and could determine individual targets of interventions to improve them. Concerning the psychiatrists, we reported two studies assessing the clinician’s attitudes toward guidelines and long-acting injectable antipsychotics. Some specific attitudes were associated with a lower use of guidelines or long-acting formulations. These findings showed that the adherence of patient to treatment and the medical decisions of clinicians were related to their attitudes. The assessment of attitudes or beliefs in the field of mental health appears to be an essential step to promote a better comprehension of some treatment use behaviours. Our results and from other recent studies support a new paradigm for the patient adherence to treatment and the medical decision of clinicians focused on their attitudes as predicting variables
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Masachs, Janoher Núria. "Implicació de la via de senyalització de la Reelina en els trastorns psiquiàtrics i la neurogènesi adulta." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/286462.
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Els trastorns mentals com l’esquizofrènia o els trastorns de l’humor i l’ansietat són unes patologies amb un gran impacte i una alta prevalença en la nostra societat. Una de les característiques d’aquestes patologies són els problemes de plasticitat sinàptica, com per exemple, la neurogènesi del gir dentat, que a més s’ha relacionat amb problemes cognitius i també amb patologies psiquiàtriques. En els darrers anys s’ha suggerit que la desregulació de processos del desenvolupament neuronal, ja sigui per alteracions genètiques o factors ambientals, poden ser la clau per explicar l’etiologia d’aquestes malalties. La Reelina és una proteïna de matriu extracel·lular essencial pel desenvolupament neuronal, a més de regular processos de plasticitat sinàptica i transmissió glutamatèrgica, tant en el cervell en desenvolupament com a l’adult, a més d’estar disminuïda en patologies com l’esquizofrènia o els trastorns de l’humor, tot i que el paper que aquesta hi juga encara no està descrit.
L’objectiu d’aquesta tesi ha estat investigar el paper de la Reelina en les malalties psiquiàtriques, tant el possible paper en l’etiologia com en la protecció d’aquestes malalties, a més d’investigar si tenia un paper en la correcta generació de noves neurones. Per tal de portar a terme aquest objectiu, vam utilitzar un ratolí que sobreexpressa Reelina al cervell anterior adult i el vam sotmetre a una bateria de testos de comportament per modelar aspectes de malalties psiquiàtriques com el cap obert, la caixa blanca i negra, el test de natació forçada després d’un tractament crònic de corticosterona, la sensibilització a la cocaïna o dèficits en la inhibició per pre-pols induïda per l’administració d’antagonistes dels receptors N- metil-D-aspartat (NMDAR). Amb aquests testos vam comprovar que la sobreexpressió de Reelina protegia de l’aparició de comportaments esquizofrènics i depressius i que aquesta resiliència es produïa per un una disminució de la transmissió glutamatèrgica a través de la subunitat NR2B dels receptors NMDA.
A més de demostrar-ne un paper protector, amb la utilització d’un ratolí transgènic floxed dab1 hem comprovat que una disminució transitòria durant el desenvolupament de l’efector intracel·lular de la via de senyalització de la Reelina, Dab1, provoca alteracions permanents en la laminació del còrtex i hipocamp. A més, la regulació transitòria a la baixa durant el desenvolupament d’aquesta via provoca alteracions de comportament en els ratolins adults com dèficits de memòria, cura maternal, inhibició per pre-pols o sensibilització a la cocaïna, i que alguns d’aquests dèficits ja estaven presents durant l’adolescència. A més, hem pogut rescatar els dèficits cognitius amb un potenciador de la neurotransmissió glutamatèrgica com és la D-cicloserina.
Per acabar, vam voler comprovar si un procés de plasticitat alterat en patologies psiquiàtriques com la neurogènesi adulta estava regulat pels nivells de Reelina. Amb la utilització del marcatge específic de les noves neurones mitjançant retrovirus, vam poder veure que la Reelina també controla aquest procés.
Hem vist que la via de senyalització és essencial pel correcte desenvolupament, ja que la manca de senyalització d’aquesta via provoca la formació de neurones aberrants, molt menys complexes i amb una gran quantitat de dendrites basals pròpies de processos patològics, i tot i aquesta morfologia alterada, aquestes neurones aconseguien integrar-se en el circuit. A més, hem comprovat que un augment dels nivells de Reelina provoca l’acceleració del procés de maduració.
En resum, hem vist que la Reelina té un paper essencial en la protecció envers el desenvolupament de malalties psiquiàtriques, ja que mentre la falta de senyal provoca l’aparició de fenotips, l’augment en provoca la resistència. A més, hem comprovat que un procés alterat en aquestes patologies com és la neurogènesi adulta, també està regulat per la Reelina.Schizophrenia, mood, and anxiety disorders are devastating diseases with high prevalence and comorbidity rates in our society. Dysregulation of key developmental processes, caused by environmental and/or genetic risk factors, is associated with the pathogenesis of neuropsychiatric diseases. One feature of these diseases are alterations in synaptic plasticity like adult neurogenesis. Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein essential for the neurodevelopment, and has been shown to regulate glutamatergic neurotransmission in both developing and adult neurons. Moreover, Reelin expression is decreased in psychiatric disorders. The aim of this thesis was to rule out the role of Reelin in psychiatric disease, in the aetiology and a possible protection role, and study how Reelin pathway regulates adult neurogenesis. To do that, we used a transgenic mouse that overexpress Reelin in the adult forebrain and we subjected it to a battery of behavioural tests to model some aspects of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, mood, and anxiety disorders. Interestingly, overexpression of Reelin lead to a resistance against behaviours related to psychiatric diseases, thanks to a reduction of NMDA NR2B-mediated synaptic transmission. Next we used a floxed dab1 allele to study whether a transient decreased in Dab1 during development, a key component of the Reelin pathway, is sufficient to induce behavioural deficits related to psychiatric disorders. We found that transient Dab1 downregulation during perinatal stages leads to permanent abnormalities of structural layering and behaviour impairments in the adult mice. Finally, using retroviral reporters in our two model mouse we show that whereas overexpression of Reelin accelerate adult neurogenesis, cell-autonomous inactivation of Dab1 in the new granule cells resulted in aberrant migration, decreased dendrite development, formation of ectopic dendrites in the hilus and the establishment of aberrant circuits. All together these data points an important role of Reelin against the development of neuropsychiatric, overexpression of Reelin protects against this disorders and the disruption of Reelin pathway leads to the development of them. Moreover, Reelin is a key regulator of adult neurogenesis, a process related to the pathogenesis of several neurological and psychiatric disorders.
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Al-Gabban, Lindblom Amad. "”Man bara är en vanlig människa tillsammans med andravanliga människor, och det är väldigt skönt.” : Erfarenheter av det informella sociala nätverket hos personer med en psykosdiagnos." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-42500.
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Purpose: mental illness and the effect it has on individuals social network and relationships, and vice versa. The purpose of this study is to shed light on the rarely mentioned subject of severe Method: analysis was performed on a total of 15 interviews, which consists of three individuals with severe mental illness. The focus of the study was the subjects’ description of the social network, excluding clinicians and other professionals. This study is inspired and conducted in a Grounded Theory manner. A secondaryFindings: may it be with specific individuals or groups. They describe the importance of surrounding themselves with people who do not judge them and it is through them they get validated. Places have been emphasised as having special meaning for the social interaction and overall wellbeing for the subjects. There is active actions for social interactions/relationships taken by the subjects,Conclusion: their social network. The stigmatization which comes with severe mental illness diagnoses effect their social network constellation. It is therefore of importance for clinicians and other professionals, to recognize patients efforts and active attempts for social interaction. The subjects in the study are aware of the demands and expectations that exist in
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Luck, Rosemary Christine. "On being schizophrenic." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242519.
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Ryan, Seamus. "Recovery from psychosis in primary care." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/recovery-from-psychosis-in-primary-care(be36b65f-0767-4c0a-80d2-aca8f9c83f22).html.
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This thesis aimed to explore personal definitions and experiences of recovery from psychosis for service users (SUs) and general practitioners (GPs), as well as indentify factors which might promote or hinder recovery in a primary care context, and identify interventions which might be required to enhance the promotion of recovery in primary care. A review of existing literature pertaining to the concept of 'recovery' was undertaken, and differing conceptualisations of 'recovery' were analysed and synthesised through the use of a Critical Interpretive Synthesis. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 GPs and 20 SUs. Two mixed focus groups were also carried out as follow-ups with 5 GPs and 5 SUs. The data was analysed using a modified grounded theory approach. Factors reported to promote recovery in primary care included: autonomy, choice, and empowerment for SUs in treatment decisions; signposting of peer-supported groups and services by GPs; enhancement of SUs' social support networks by GPs; advocacy and independent analysis provided by GPs; a whole-person approach to recovery (social and biomedical); less stigmatising environment of primary care; and families of SUs and GPs working together in collaboration, often having built up a trusting relationship over time through continuity of care. The following potential interventions for enhancing recovery in primary care were identified: SU-led training for GPs regarding psychosis knowledge and attitudes; raising GPs' awareness of local services and groups by encouraging service managers and group organisers to visit GP practices; establishing GP peer supervision forums; improving access to GPs with a Special Interest in Mental Health (GPwSIs); shifting a greater degree of responsibility for recovery from psychosis to primary care from secondary care; reinforcing amongst GPs an awareness of the important role which primary care can play in promoting recovery; facilitating continuity of care within large practices where feasible; and encouraging GPs to alert SUs to seriousness of potential side-effects of medication before and during treatment. The implications of the findings for policy, practice, and future research were discussed.