Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Schmitt, Carl, 1888-1985'
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Jouin, Céline. "Droit international, épistémologie et idéologie chez Carl Schmitt." Rennes 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009REN1PH01.
Full textThe texts of international law of Carl Schmitt are analysed from a double perspective: the emergence of international law as an universitary subject in Germany of the Weimar Republic and the reconstitution of the epistemology underlying the juridical analyses of Schmitt. The first aspect allows us to throw light on the sources of souverainism and nationalism of a whole generation of legal scientists. This leads to relativize the singularity of Schmitt’s position. The relation to political events but also to the established disciplines like constitutional law or history sheds light on the resistances that Schmitt opposes to the construction of international law as a neutral and objective science. The second aspect aims at separating Schmitt from the romantic irrationalism that characterized his thought in the eyes of many people. The analysis of his epistemology, particularly in his history of international law (Nomos of the Earth), reveals Schmitt’s materialism and nominalism behind the spiritualistic façade
Bianchini, Fernando Novelli 1973. "A democracia parlamentar na crítica de Carl Schmitt." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279311.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: O presente trabalho objetiva analisar, por um lado, as críticas desenvolvidas pelo jurista e filósofo Carl Schmitt à democracia parlamentar representativa, expostas em suas obras publicadas no período compreendido entre as duas guerras mundiais, bem como tenciona elucidar a proposição, pelo autor, de resposta ao problema político e jurídico que é levantado, mediante a construção de um Estado totalitário. Debate o retorno de tais críticas no atual contexto brasileiro e global e introduz os princípios e os instrumentos da democracia participativa, por outro lado, como possível solução para a problemática que hoje é reavivada, sem sugerir, entretanto, a obliteração da democracia representativa. Analisa os fundamentos e mecanismos da democracia participativa, baseada historicamente na liberdade comunal, invocando as lições do jurista e filósofo Alexis de Tocqueville, especialmente quanto à distribuição de poder político. Debate a justiça coletiva e a importância para o pacto federativo nesse contexto, finalizando, assim, a dissertação
Abstract: The following work intends to analyze, in one hand, the criticisms developed by the jurist and philosopher Carl Schmitt to the parliamentary representative democracy, exposed in his works published in the period between the two world wars, and aims to clarify the proposal, made by the author, in response to the political and legal problem that is exposed, by building a totalitarian state. Discusses the return of such criticism in the current brazilian and global contexts and introduces the principles and instruments of the participatory democracy, on the other hand, as a possible solution to the problem which is now revived, without suggesting, however, the obliteration of representative democracy. After that, analyses the foundations and mechanisms of participatory democracy, historically based on communal freedom, invoking the lessons of the jurist and philosopher Alexis de Tocqueville, especially concerning to the distribution of political power. Debate the importance of the collective justice and the federative pact in this context, ending, after that, the dissertation
Mestrado
Filosofia
Mestre em Filosofia
Erices, Reyes Juan Eduardo, and Velásquez Lucas Martin Murillo. "Sobre la democracia : críticas jurídico-políicas de Carl Schmitt al Estado Legislativo Parlamentarista." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170417.
Full textEl objeto de este escrito es examinar el concepto de Democracia en la teoría jurídico-constitucional de Carl Schmitt, en oposición a la caracterización que le otorga el pensamiento liberal. En consideración a este supuesto, analizaremos la presente problemática desde dos flancos. En primer lugar, atenderemos la conceptualización de Democracia que desarrolla el jurista en su orgánica jurídica, con miras a desarrollar la arquitectura política del concepto hacia una forma democrática sustancial, en observancia a la idea de representación y forma política. En este sentido, analizaremos su argumentación considerando las nociones fundamentales de legitimidad; pueblo; poder constituyente; y los principios de identidad y representación. En segundo lugar, revisaremos la conceptualización de Democracia en la teoría liberal, a partir de un tratamiento sistemático de las principales críticas jurídico-políticas que realiza Carl Schmitt al Estado Legislativo Parlamentarista, dada su oposición al desarrollo práctico de este modelo durante el siglo XX para la correcta realización de un proyecto de Democracia directa. En base a ello, profundizaremos sobre los principios de discusión pública; publicidad; igualdad de chance; representación; e identidad. En último término, a modo de consideraciones finales, confrontaremos los planteamientos de ambos sistemas, con el propósito de presentar observaciones críticas, en atención a los presupuestos fácticos de la modernidad
Lima, Deyvison Rodrigues. "Pragmatismo contra normativismo: investigações sobre a teoria política de Carl Schmitt." www.teses.ufc.br, 2011. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/6531.
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This dissertation proposes the reconstruction of Schmitt’s thesis about the modern distinction between facticity and validity in the field of political theory. The purpose is to analyse the modern political paradigms – normative and realism – as a consequence of the problematic relationship between immediate and mediate in the political way. The hypothesis is (I) if on the one hand Schmitt’s political theory arises in opposition to the normative model, on the other it cannot be applied to the political realism – be it strong or weak – meaning an alternative theoretical proposal in the face of the rationalist mediation; therefore (II) it’s necessary to scrutinize what are the essential characteristics of the Schmittian project of restructuring of the political theory paradigm developed, generally speaking, in three distinct moments of the discussion: the first articulated by means of the notion of Entscheidung and later developed within the scope of the Theory of Exception; the second called political existentialism; and the third developed from the theory of nomos. The main findings of this research are the demonstration of Schmitt undertakes an attempt of reorganize the modern political paradigms in the face of the problem of the mediation between “being” and “ought to be”, and the possibility that the author developed the thesis of there is possible mediation, but only the immediateness of a legal force does not mediated by laws, in other words, a real and legal institutional fact between the universal and the particular by means of which needs no necessity of a normative theory of justification of law (legitimacy), for the Sein is even now, and first of all, a social reality mediated and constitued legally, hence, the legitimacy should be understood as historical and real demonstrating the cooriginality between “being” and “ought to be”, and, finally, solving the mediate/immediate paradox by means to a political pragmatism.
A presente dissertação tem como proposta a reconstrução das teses de Schmitt acerca da distinção moderna entre facticidade e validade em teoria política. O objetivo deste estudo é analisar os paradigmas políticos modernos – normativismo e realismo – como consequência do problema da relação entre imediatidade e mediatidade da forma política. A hipótese de trabalho desta pesquisa é, afinal, a investigação de que, por um lado, (I) se a teoria política de Schmitt se configura em contraposição ao modelo normativista, por outro, não se adequa ao paradigma do realismo político – seja realismo fraco seja realismo forte –, representando uma proposta teórica alternativa diante do problema da mediação racionalista; assim, (II) torna-se necessário perscrutar quais as características fundamentais do projeto schmittiano de reestruturação do paradigma da teoria política desenvolvido, de forma geral, em três momentos distintos na sua reflexão: o primeiro articulado através da noção de Entscheidung e, posteriormente, trabalhado no âmbito de uma teoria da exceção; o segundo momento denominado de existencialismo político; e o terceiro momento, desenvolvido a partir da teoria do nomos. Os resultados principais desta dissertação são a demonstração de que Schmitt empreendeu uma tentativa de reestruturação dos paradigmas políticos da modernidade diante do problema da mediação entre ser e dever-ser e, enfim, a indicação de que o autor desenvolveu a tese de que não há mediação possível, mas apenas a imediatidade de uma força jurídica não mediada por leis, ou seja, um fato institucional concreto e ordenativo entre o universal e o particular através do qual dispensa a necessidade de uma teoria normativa da justificação da ordem (legitimidade), pois o Sein é, antes de qualquer coisa, realidade social mediada e constituída juridicamente, por isso, a legitimidade deve ser compreendida como histórica e concreta demonstrando a co-originariedade entre ser e dever-ser e, assim, solucionando o paradoxo mediação/imediação através da proprosta do pragmatismo político.
Paleologu, Theodor. "Le Grand-Inquisiteur "-katékhon" ou antéchrist? : contribution à la théologie politique." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0103.
Full textKervégan, Jean-François. "Dialectique et positivité : Hegel, Carl Schmitt et l'effectivité du politique." Lyon 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LYO31014.
Full textThe debate between philosophical speculation and positive rationality, which started in the nineteenth century, is analysed here in the field of the theory of the law and the state. The study is based upon the works of hegel and carl schmitt (1888-1985). The first part rebuilds the "metaphysics of the positivity" which underlies the decisionistic conception of the law, the politics and the state, which is developed by schmitt. The "total state" is emphazised as being the central topic of this thought which claims to be the systematic inversion of the "liberal metaphysics". The second part, based on schmitt's judgment that ambiguity is characteristic of hegelianism, explores the comparison between the thoughts of both authors. Their thoughts are essentially different, even when their arguments are very similar. The distorded reflection of hegel's philosophy of the mind in schmitt's decisionism allows use to clarified the sense and the goal of the first one regarding crucial points : the relation between war and politics, the problematical fonction of a state of nature, the relation between civil society and state, the nature and the role of the political representation. Decisionism must be considered as the reverse of the dialectical rationality whose ambiguity it claims
Baume, Sandrine. "Carl Schmitt, penseur de l'Etat : genèse d'une doctrine (1914-1938)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005IEPP0021.
Full textPasquier, Emmanuel André Romain. "Qui doit être le gardien du droit international? : les fondements du droit international chez Hans Kelsen et Carl Schmitt." Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010619.
Full textGodoy, Paula Véspoli. "Hans Kelsen e Carl Schmitt: o debate entre normativismo e decisionismo." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2010. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/8943.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to analyze the debates between the jurists Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt occurred in between wars, during the Weimar Republic. It also purports to consider the theory and the concepts of each author on issues such as democracy, sovereignty, the power of a governor and his limitations, State of Law, strength and function of the Constitution. It analyzes the dualisms involved in this debate, among which, normativism and decisionism, Law and Power, Legal and Political affairs, normality and exception, reflections which eventually led them to the diverse answer on who must be the guardian of the Constitution : the Constitutional Court according to Kelsen s conception and the President of the Reich according to Schmitt s conception. The theoretical accounts of each author regarding the control of law constitutionality, notwithstanding having occurred on the first half of the twentieth century, still bring about studies and fierce criticisms, whether it is due to Kelsen s exacerbated formalism or to Schmitt s reactionary and authoritarian ideology. Many indoctrinators of the Theory and the Philosophy of contemporary Law and Constitutional Law address the subject to deal with the present problems of the constitutional jurisdiction. The criticisms to the formalist normativism, to the state of exception and the demo-liberal parliament model, are amongst the most analyzed issues. The contemporanity of this debate and its importance in the relentless search for the improvement of the control of constitutionality of the law and assurance of the democratic principle and the rights introduced in the Constitution is the goal of the present study
Este trabalho visa abordar o debate entre os juristas Hans Kelsen e Carl Schmitt ocorrido no entreguerras, durante a República de Weimar. Procura analisar a teoria e os conceitos que cada autor possui sobre questões como democracia, soberania, poder de um governante e seus limites, Estado de Direito, força e função da Constituição. Analisa os dualismos que permeiam este debate, dentre os quais, normativismo e decisionismo, Direito e Poder, Jurídico e Político, normalidade e exceção, reflexões que os levaram às respostas diversas sobre quem deve ser o guardião da Constituição : o Tribunal Constitucional na concepção de Kelsen e o Presidente do Reich na concepção de Schmitt. As posições teóricas de cada autor quanto ao controle de constitucionalidade das leis, não obstante terem ocorrido na primeira metade do século XX, ainda provocam estudos e críticas acirradas, seja pelo formalismo exacerbado de Kelsen ou pela ideologia reacionária e autoritária de Schmitt. Muitos doutrinadores da Teoria e da Filosofia do Direito e do Direito Constitucional contemporâneos abordam este tema para tratar dos problemas atuais da jurisdição constitucional. As críticas ao normativismo formalista, ao estado de exceção e ao modelo parlamentar demoliberal, destacam-se entre os temas mais analisados. A contemporaneidade deste debate e sua importância na incessante busca pelo aperfeiçoamento do controle de constitucionalidade das leis e garantia do princípio democrático e dos direito inseridos na Constituição são o objeto do presente estudo
Batistella, Marco Antonio. "O poder da ordem e a ordem do poder em Carl Schmitt." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/2132.
Full textCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
It is intended in this dissertation thematize the notion of Power in the work of Carl Schmitt in order to problematize the concepto of the Political of the thesis in Power and Order that is inextricably perfect space conflictual politics. This claim is argumentative strategy to answer the following problem to be treated: if, on one hand, Carl Schmitt undertakes a relentless critique of "normativism" the liberal order so, however, does not waive the need for establishment of a normative order as is possible, however, to reconcile normativadade with a substantial political and non-liberal? In this context, proposes to tracejar two spheres systematic exposure, namely: 1) A critical part: containing a historical-conceptual exposition of the political structure to which Carl Schmitt controversially ensnares its antithetical force of argument, 2) A part-dogmatic conceptual: in which he exposes the positioning - decisionist - Carl Schmitt, and the way the author bases its claim of theoretical Political conceive as a typical scope of conflict and the exercise of power and law. To satisfy this proposal will provide the development of three chapters articulated. Therefore, we intend to develop in the first chapter the historical and philosophical assumptions of the crisis of modern rule of law in order to highlight the main theses articulated by current contractarian political thinkers who formed the so-called doctrine of modern natural law. In this scope, it is suggested that, noted some nuances unique and distinctive among leading theorists of that chain, there is the common denominator consistent in the primacy of the individual over the decision-making power of the State. In the second chapter, we intend to articulate how the proposed rules of Hans Kelsen is closely linked with the modern jusnaturalism. It is suggested from the outset that Kelsen proposes the theory under which the state reduces to the law, or the State / Force the Norm / Law. Indeed, it is argued that the Order engineered by normativism active in the Weimar Republic, in attempting to "neutral", presupposes the absence of a decision-maker, since where rationality of Law operates no voluntas, with no place, therefore, to mention both the "state of exception" as the meaning of "sovereignty" policy, except the "Sovereignty of Law." For ultimate, intended to articulate the last chapter, the design of Power schmittian the likeness of the very phenomenon constitutive condition of human life in the world, and argue that their manifestation does not cease to exist, or else do not reduce their intensity when the political relationship between the men. In view of this, we aim to address two notions instilled in indissoluble relation between Power and Order. These are the notion of "constituent power" and the principle of formal political "representation." These two notions expressed in Carl Schmitt, the way becomes apparent homogeneity of the people at the expense of pluralism of liberal order. Altogether the work of Carl Schmitt, and outlined the proposal of this dissertation, the objective is, ultimately, to understand how the author, in his defense of the Political, undertakes a justification of State and Law, light inextricable relationship between power and Order.
Pretende-se nessa dissertação tematizar a noção de Poder na obra de Carl Schmitt de modo a problematizar o conceito de Político sob a tese de que Poder e Ordem se aperfeiçoam indissociavelmente no espaço conflitivo da política. Essa pretensão constitui estratégia argumentativa para a resposta do seguinte problema a ser tratado: se, de um lado, Carl Schmitt empreende uma incessante crítica ao normativismo da ordem liberal de modo a, todavia, não renunciar a necessidade de constituição de uma ordem normativa, como é possível, por outro lado, conciliar a normativadade com uma ordem política substancial e não-liberal? Nesse contexto, propôe-se tracejar dois âmbitos sistemáticos de exposição, a saber: 1) Um âmbito crítico: contendo uma exposição histórico-conceitual da estrutura política para a qual Carl Schmitt polemicamente enreda sua força antitética de argumentação; 2) Um âmbito dogmático-conceitual: no qual se expôe o posicionamento decisionista de Carl Schmitt, além do modo como o autor alicerça sua pretensão teórica de conceber o Político como um âmbito típico de conflito e de exercício do Poder e do Direito. Para satisfazer a presente proposta, estipular-se-á o desenvolvimento de três capítulos articulados. Assim sendo, pretende-se desenvolver no primeiro capítulo os pressupostos históricos e filosóficos da crise do Estado de Direito Moderno, a fim de ressaltar as principais teses articuladas pelos pensadores políticos da corrente contratualista que compuseram a denominada Doutrina do Direito Natural Moderno. Nesse escopo, sugere-se que, anotadas algumas nuances singulares e distintivas entre os principais teóricos daquela corrente, há o denominador comum consistente na primazia do indivíduo em detrimento do poder decisório do Estado. Ao segundo capítulo, pretende-se articular como a proposta normativa de Hans Kelsen está intimamente articulada com o jusnaturalismo moderno. Sugere-se, à partida, que Kelsen propõe a tese sob a qual o Estado reduz-se ao Direito, ou o Estado/Força à Norma/Direito. Com efeito, argumenta-se que a Ordem arquitetada pelo normativismo operante na República de Weimar, ao pretender-se neutra , pressupõe a inexistência de uma instância decisória, dado que, onde a racionalidade da Lei opera, não há voluntas, não havendo lugar, portanto, para se mencionar tanto o estado de exceção quanto o significado de soberania política, exceto a Soberania da Lei . Por derradeiro, pretende-se articular no último capítulo, a concepção schmittiana do Poder à semelhança de fenômeno constitutivo da própria condição da vida humana no mundo, bem como argumentar que sua manifestação não deixará de existir ou, então, não se reduzirá sua intensidade quando da relação política entre os homens. À vista disso, objetiva-se abordar duas noções incutidas na relação indissociável entre Poder e Ordem. Tratam-se da noção de poder constituinte e do princípio político-formal da representação . Essas duas noções expressam, em Carl Schmitt, a forma pela qual se torna manifesta a homogeneidade do povo em detrimento do pluralismo da ordem liberal. No conjunto da obra de Carl Schmitt, assim esboçada a proposta dessa dissertação, objetiva-se, em última instância, compreender como o autor, em sua defesa do Político, empreende uma justificativa do Estado e do Direito, a luz da relação inextrincável entre Poder e Ordem.
Sinaeian, Masoud. "Du politique au rapport théologico-politique chez Carl Schmitt." Thesis, Paris 1, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020PA01H211.
Full textThe present research aims to reconstruct the contours of Carl Schmitt's concept of the political and theological-political ideas. It also examines what these theological-political interventions may imply about his conception of the political, and the structure of the question of what belongs to politics in modern history. First, we present the different dimensions of the concept of the political within the framework of a history of German legal theory of the state. The concept of the political is formed above all in this context and finds its main distinctions here. We then analyze the concept of the political in order to reconstruct its internal logic and functions. We argue that this logic has a double aspect, based on dichotomies such as prince-people, state-society, representation-identity, and so on. Second, we examine some of the limitations of Schmitt's ideas in the context of his reflections on major questions of a theological-political nature as well as on some authors selected in that context. Finally, we analyze Schmitt's metaphorical approach to the theological-political question as well as the idea of an analogical structural relation between theological and juridico-political thought. We also deal with the potential relationship of these theological-political interventions in his conception of the political
Jourdain, Édouard. "Le politique entre guerre et théologie : la révision du marxisme et l'ombre de Carl Schmitt." Paris, EHESS, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EHES0084.
Full textThe last two decades have brought Carl Schmitt's work back in the spotlight as fas as political theory is concerned, not without controversy. Events of the last twenty years, like the fall of Berlin wall or the 9/11 attacks, have led to new debates regarding his theories. Indeed, the end of the USSR and the triumph of liberal democracy, but also the return of the so-called "religious phenomena", give a birth to a new vision of modern conflicts recalling Carl Schmitt's main ideas: political theology, opposition between democracy and liberalism, the theory of fair wars, as well as terrorism via his partisan theory. Those subjects that have been dealt with contemporary philosophers, like Giorgio Agamben, Antonio Negri, Jacques Derrida, Etienne Balibar, Slavoj Zizek or Chantal Mouffe and Ernesto Laclau to rethink politics. What is examined here are the terms in which these autors use Carl Schmitt's theories to revise Marxism, regardless Proudhon 's theories, event thought they revolved around these rediscovered problematics
Hass, Catherine. "Une enquête anthropologique sur le nom de guerre : (Clausewitz, Mao Zedong, Carl Schmitt, Administration Bush)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080045.
Full textThe present investigation
Campos, Rodrigo Duque Estrada. "Do político à segurança e de volta outra vez : Carl Schmitt nos estudos críticos de segurança /." São Paulo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/150448.
Full textBanca: Reginaldo Mattar Nasser
Banca: Cícero Romão Resende de Araújo
O Programa de Pós-Graduação em Relações Internacionais é instituído em parceria com a Unesp/Unicamp/PUC-SP, em projeto subsidiado pela CAPES, intitulado "Programa San Tiago Dantas"
Resumo: A dissertação analisa o processo de recepção de Carl Schmitt nos Estudos Críticos de Segurança. Com base na discussão metodológica da história das ideias, problematizamos a bifurcação típica entre textualismo e contextualismo como princípios unívocos de interpretação do significado dos textos. Relevante para nossa análise não é identificar apenas o que o controverso jurista alemão realmente quis dizer em seus textos, mas o fato de que o significado de sua obra está também condicionado ao uso que se faz dela, e do que se pode fazê-la "falar" com base na recepção do pensamento de Schmitt. Quais os usos de Carl Schmitt nos Estudos Críticos de Segurança e que estruturas de pressuposições e interesses condicionam a leitura do pensador na área? Para responder tal pergunta, o primeiro capítulo oferece uma breve introdução ao pensamento de Schmitt, com especial atenção ao seu 'pensamento internacional'. O segundo capítulo analisa a primeira via de recepção de Schmitt nos Estudos Críticos de Segurança, onde se construiu uma hermenêutica negativa no âmbito dos debates sobre a teoria da securitização e a necessidade normativa de se afastar da "lógica schmitteana" da segurança; o terceiro capítulo analisa a segunda via de recepção de Schmitt, que envolve críticas a uma concepção universal e intrínseca da segurança. Para os autores desta linha interpretativa, a crítica ao arcabouço teórico de Schmitt sobre o decisionismo soberano e o conceito do político permitiria deslocar a gramática fi... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: This dissertation thesis analyses the process of intellectual reception of Carl Schmitt in Critical Security Studies. Drawing upon the methodological discussion on the history of ideas, we question the typical bifurcation between textualism and contextualism as univocal principles of interpretation of the meaning of texts. Relevant to our analysis is not only to identify what the controversial German jurist really meant to say in his texts, but that its meaning is also conditioned by the use that is made out of it, of what one can make Schmitt "say" concerning the reception of his thought. What have been the uses of Carl Schmitt in Critical Security Studies and what structure of presuppositions and interests condition the social reading of the thinker in the area? To answer such questions, the first chapter offers a brief introduction to Schmitt's thought, with a special attention to his "international" thinking. The second chapter analyses the first reception venue of Schmitt in Critical Security Studies, where it developed a negative hermeneutics in the debates about securitization theory and the normative need to depart from the 'Schmittean logic' of security; the second chapter analyses the second reception venue, which involves the critique to a universal and intrinsic concept of security. To the authors of this line of interpretation, the critique of Schmitt's theoretical framework on sovereign decisionism and the concept of the political would allow to shift the fixed grammar of security towards a more progressive and emancipative terms; the last chapter analyses the individual appropriation of Schmitt by Andreas Behnke, who developed the last reception venue until the present moment. Escaping the negative hermeneutics, Behnke builds a new Schmittean analytical framework for security, which expands on Schmitt's ... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
Potestá, Zapata Orazio Marcelo. "Fujimori, la crisis de los rehenes del MRTA y la distinción amigo-enemigo : La conducta presidencial y la operación militar Chavín de Huántar, bajo la perspectiva conservadora de Carl Schmitt." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/12048.
Full textTesis
Hass, Catherine. "Une enquête anthropologique sur le nom de guerre : (Clausewitz, Mao Zedong, Carl Schmitt, Administration Bush)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080045.
Full textThe present investigation
Morales, Cerda Natalia Paz. "Sujeto político del feminismo en la relación entre el Estado y la Sociedad." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/170182.
Full textEl feminismo como teoría crítica y movimiento social tiene siglos de historia. Con vaivenes, con sus conquistas y sus retrocesos, la teoría feminista ha logrado insertar en el orden social una reflexión y acción frente a la dominación masculina, siempre desde la producción teórica consciente y polémica. En esa lid se inserta este trabajo, cuyo propósito es aportar elementos teóricos para la construcción del sujeto político del feminismo, en una perspectiva institucional; es decir, desde el Estado. Para ello, se desarrolla una aproximación al sujeto del feminismo que reúne las aportaciones de los feminismos liberal, radical, postmoderno y postestructuralista, con el objeto de reconocer subjetividades nuevas, distintas y cambiantes, a partir de las cuales insertar el feminismo en el Estado. Ello se compromete con dos cuestiones que están presentes a lo largo de todo este trabajo: por un lado, la importancia de la dimensión polémica en la construcción de las identidades colectivas –de allí la necesidad de detenernos en el dominio de lo político– y, por otro, el desafío de traer estas diversas formas de vida, envueltas en la categoría mujeres, a una forma jurídica. Con el afán de formular una alternativa teórica al segundo de los compromisos señalados, se propone una lectura de la noción de movimiento teorizada por el jurista alemán Carl Schmitt en 1933.
Proyecto FONDECYT regular no.11160037
Sirczuk, Matías. "Fundación y legitimidad en la modernidad política: Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt y Claude Lefort." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/125334.
Full textHow are political regimes established under modern political conditions once the absolute pole of political legitimacy has fallen and its sources have disappeared or become ineffective? Upon what does foundation rest? Such are the questions which create the framework of this dissertation arising from the intuition that political modernity confronts us with the enigma of the institution of the political regime and the question of its foundation. In the absence of absolutes, the problem of beginning emerges in all its radicalism. This problem has run through the entire political history of modernity but only became inescapable in the twentieth century. Marred by wars and revolutions, by the crisis of the state as a political form and by the emergence of totalitarianism (in short, by the emergency of political events that have ignited all our categories of thought and our criteria of judgment), the experience of the twentieth century has forced political thought to radically rethink the paradox of foundation. The thought of Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt and Claude Lefort emerges from these events. They tried to respond to the problems that were posed by their present. Their questions arise from the political experience of the twentieth century. We can link the intellectual enterprise of Schmitt, Arendt and Lefort starting from their common interest in answering the enigma of the institution beyond the tradition of political philosophy. The new thinking that the three want to develop is characterized by a sensitivity to judge the political events beyond all external determination, beyond any criteria anchored in nature or in transcendent sources. Groundlessness (Schmitt), without bannister (Arendt), indeterminate (Lefort), the thought itself arises out of the experience. Oriented by the questions raised at the beginning of this abstract, in this dissertation I interpret the way in which Carl Schmitt, Hannah Arendt and Claude Lefort reflect on the problem of foundation and on the question of legitimacy in political modernity.
Bosser, Cristelle. "Les conceptions de la dictature pendant la Révolution française." Cergy-Pontoise, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005CERG0248.
Full textThe origins of current concepts of dictatorship are in the French Revolution. This is from the revolutionary events that dictatorship was assimilated to tyranny, and was considered as an authority thanks to which an authoritarian and arbitrary system can be established. However, this conception was not the only one expressed in the plans for the establishment of dictatorship imagined by revolutionaries, or by counter-revolutionaries. These plans first depicted dictatorship as a State protection system. Then they expressed a new conception of dictatorship, the dictatorship of establishment. According to this conception, the dictator doesn't only have to save the State on a temporary basis, but also, to establish new institutions. Thanks to these institutions, at the end of dictatorship, a new political system will be established on a lasting basis. This new conception has, at last, given birth to transitory dictatorship, a system that allows a progressive and gradual arrival of a new social organization of revolutionaries, and of new monarchic institutions of counter-revolutionaries
Catalán, Michell Roberto Alexis. "La convocatoria del poder constituyente originario desde la Constitución de 1980." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2018. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/159193.
Full textLa presente tesis muestra un camino posible para la configuración del Poder Constituyente Originario en el contexto democrático del Chile actual. Para lo cual, se recurre a las Actas de las sesiones de La Comisión de Estudios de la Nueva Constitución Política de la República de Chile, en donde quedaría plasmada la visión de constituir a la nueva institución del presidente de la República como el conductor de la vida nacional en diversos plano, uno de ellos, el plano social. Para lograr aquel objetivo, se establecería la ampliación de la potestad presidencial por intermedio del Reglamento Autónomo, el cual pasaría a comprender todas aquellas materias que no son propias del dominio legal. Es esa nueva configuración de la autoridad presidencial y la concepción doctrinaria del Poder Constituyente, lo que permitiría crear un nexo entre ambas figuras. Y donde las concepciones doctrinarias mismas del Poder Constituyente desde su vertiente democrática, permiten configurar una serie de criterios para un uso no arbitrario de una atribución que bien podría de desembocar en autoritarismos, como bien lo enseña nuestra historia nacional. Junto a aquel análisis doctrinario, se efectúa una serie de referencia a análisis político de la actual situación democrática que viviría el país, y un análisis de las reales posibilidades de materialización de la tesis aquí propuesta
Storme, Tristan. "Carl Schmitt, l'Europe et la démocratie universelle: la question d'une Europe schmittienne et son impact sur le débat français actuel autour de la construction européenne." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209943.
Full textLa première partie de la thèse visait à rendre compte de la vision schmittienne de l’Europe. Schmitt a pensé la décision politique en des termes statonationaux :l’ordre juridique étatique serait modelé sur la base de la nature axiologique et culturelle de l’amitié politique, de la communauté des citoyens soudés par un seul et même critère d’appartenance, souvent religieux ;critère qui précéderait la nationalité et la réalisation "politique". Il s’ensuit que l’ordre mondial ne peut se présenter que sous la forme d’un pluriversum d’États, animés dans leurs relations mutuelles par la dynamique de l’ami et de l’ennemi. Le libéralisme et le pluralisme provoqueraient des regroupements fonctionnels, dont le pan-européisme serait l’une des manifestations les plus visibles, à l’origine d’un sapement du politique et de l’unité souveraine de l’État. Quatre points analytiques permettent d’expliquer l’appréhension schmittienne de la gestion juridico-politique du Vieux Continent :l’indissociabilité du couple conceptuel État-politique, l’idée que la nation demeure l’horizon indépassable de la démocratie, la critique de la notion d’humanité et de toute morale universelle, et l’idée que le droit serait nécessairement d’origine politique, donc particulariste.
En France, l’intérêt pour l’œuvre de Schmitt s’est largement accru ces dernières années. Le débat théorique actuel autour du problème de la construction européenne offre d’ailleurs une place particulière à la réactivation de l’argumentaire schmittien statocentré, antilibéral et culturaliste. À gauche comme à droite de l’échiquier politique, intellectuels et philosophes mobilisent raisonnements et schémas discursifs, tantôt réclamés de Schmitt, tantôt très proches des arguments du juriste de Plettenberg. En passant en revue les réflexions d’auteurs aussi différents qu’Étienne Balibar et Pierre Manent, Alain de Benoist et Marcel Gauchet, Daniel Bensaïd et Pierre-André Taguieff, nous avons tenté d’approcher et de rendre compte de la pluralité des emprunts à la pensée de Schmitt et à son appréhension de l’ordre européen, dans le cadre des discussions françaises relatives à l’intégration régionale européenne. Chez certains de ces auteurs, la construction européenne apparaît comme la manifestation avancée d’un phénomène général de dilution du politique. Autrement dit, elle incarnerait un idéal de société qui ramène le politique au niveau du marché. Pour d’autres, Carl Schmitt aurait diagnostiqué mieux que quiconque la mort du droit des gens européen et les travers de l’universalisme abstrait que brandirait l’Union européenne en expansion. Par ailleurs, la théorisation schmittienne de la souveraineté constituerait une référence incontournable pour éclairer les thématiques actuelles relatives à une mutation des niveaux de pouvoir.
Doctorat en Sciences politiques et sociales
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Antoniol, Valentina. "Genealogie in guerra. Foucault critico di Schmitt : Foucault critico di Schmitt." Thesis, Paris, EHESS, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019EHES0035.
Full textThe issue of war, its status and its relationship to politics is one of the most pressing key problems of our time. I analyze this subject starting from the reflections of Michel Foucault. By examining the author’s unpublished manuscripts, located at the ‘Fonds Foucault’ at the Bibliothèque nationale de France, I show that although the analysis of war played a decisive role in Foucault’s thought, this subject has not always received adequate attention in scholarship. Following this first line of investigation, I then propose a second line of inquiry, which consists in putting Foucault’s reflections in relation to those of Carl Schmitt: a comparison between two different genealogies which has rarely been examined and on which the critical literature is still scant today. Considering the unpublished materials, I show that the Foucaultian’s polemocritical model has some relevant theoretical proximity to the Schmittian theory of the political, and in fact develops as a radical critique of it. Rethinking Foucault as a critic of Schmitt proves to be not only important in order to understand the French philosopher’s thought, but also fundamental to explore the relevance of these two authors on the topic of war. This is the research question that runs through the entire work
La nostra attualità ci interroga sulla comprensione della guerra e sullo statuto del suo rapporto con la politica. Questo lavoro si misura con tale questione e lo fa a partire dalle riflessioni di Michel Foucault sull’argomento. Anche grazie al riferimento ai manoscritti inediti del filosofo francese, conservati presso gli archivi del “Fonds Foucault” alla Bibliothèque nationale de France, si dimostra che le analisi foucaultiane sul tema, le quali non sempre hanno ricevuto un’adeguata attenzione, rivestono in realtà un’importanza decisiva innanzitutto all’interno dell’opera dell’autore. A partire da questo primo piano di indagine viene quindi sviluppato un secondo percorso di ricerca, intrecciato rispetto al precedente: le riflessioni di Foucault vengono messe in relazione con le posizioni di Carl Schmitt – un confronto tra due diverse genealogie che è stato raramente praticato e sul quale la letteratura critica è all’oggi ancora esigua. Tenendo conto dei materiali non ancora pubblicati, viene mostrato infatti che il modello polemocritico foucaultiano si costruisce sulla base di alcune rilevanti prossimità teoriche rispetto alla formulazione schmittiana della teoria del politico e si sviluppa come una critica radicale verso questa. Pensare Foucault come critico di Schmitt si rivela non solo importante ai fini della comprensione del pensiero del filosofo francese, ma anche fondamentale per indagare l’attualità dei due autori rispetto alla questione della guerra. È questa infatti la domanda di ricerca che percorre sottotraccia l’intero lavoro
Araya, Araya Danilo Alonso. "La legislación del orden político en la modernidad : sobre las perplejidades de la fundación política y la legitimidad de la ley a la luz del pensamiento de Max Weber, Carl Schmitt y Hannah Arendt." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2019. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/171058.
Full text¿Es posible fundar regímenes políticos perdurables y duraderos en las condiciones políticas de la modernidad, donde las fuentes tradicionales de legitimidad han desaparecido o se han vuelto ineficaces? ¿Sobre qué cimientos es posible asentar la fundación de un régimen político? ¿Cómo dar respuesta al problema de la fuente de la ley y del origen del poder en condiciones en las que el fundamento de la sociedad política no puede ya anclarse ni en la naturaleza ni en la trascendencia? Puestos en tensión los modos en que los seres humanos organizaron su vida en común a lo largo de la historia, el paso del siglo XIX al XX trajo consigo un cambio decisivo en el modo de comprender el concepto de política impulsado por el pensamiento moderno, a raíz de la ruptura definitiva con la tradición occidental aristotélica, hasta ese momento, hegemónica. De esta manera, una vez roto el vínculo con la trascendencia, deviene ya imposible encontrar un principio absoluto que abone la legitimidad de la ley y del poder y que se constituya en fundamento del orden político. Mediante la obra de Max Weber, Carl Schmitt y Hannah Arendt, tres pensadores que con rigor cierto intentaron dar respuesta al problema origen del poder y la fundación del orden político, nos aproximaremos al fenómeno de lo moderno atendiendo a la desacralización del pasado y su consiguiente dilema: cuál es, de haberlo, su fuente última de sentido y valor.
Patrici, Angel Nicolás. "Los fantasmas de Elsinor y el problema de la conservación del orden político." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402943.
Full textFrom the Greek legends to religious narratives, the relationship between the immanent and the transcendent has been fundamental to the understanding of the stability of the political communality and its preservation. Modernity incites change in the nature of the relationship between ghosts and men, which impacts political scenography. The change in this relationship is neither simple nor lineal. And, more importantly, it is an unfinished process. What is more, during the last years, the relationship between ghosts and men has been underestimated; The underestimation of the relevance of Political Theology as the ontological form of the political does not only have theoretical implications but it also affects our capacity to understand contemporary political phenomena. This shows the limits of our liberal democracy. Structured in three parts that defend the hypothesis that political theology is central, this dissertation uses the images offered by the book of exodus and Shakespeare´s Hamlet to rethink the relation between ghosts and men. First, the dissertation looks at different ways of solving the problem of preserving political community, as offered by Hobbes. Then the thesis analyses how, in first instance, Carl Schmitt describes the revival of a political theology that links the political with the truth, and, additionally, the way in which Leo Strauss emphasises the need to return to the tradition of political philosophy in order to face the challenges of modern political legitimacy. We conclude in stating that the relevant point for our Liberal Democracies is that we revive a political ontology that does not neglect the political relevance of the transcendent while predicating it upon a political practice that is conscious of its danger. This implies a form of Liberal democracy that is aware of its own limits and principles as a political regimen.
Beye, Pape Moussa. "Libéralisme et exception : l'état de droit et le système onusien de sécurité collective à l'épreuve du jihadisme international." Thesis, Paris 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA020027/document.
Full textOutstanding event, September 11 attacks marked the entrance of the world politics to the era of the threat of the international jihadism. If the appearance of this threat is previous in 2001, the qaidiste attack committed against the United States indeed represented a large-scale qualitative jump, in the fact that it was synonymic of aggression committed by private actors at the heart of the cold postwar hyperpower, and in the fact that it constitued the starting point of a considerable development of the jihadist danger. From the spectacular destruction of the World Trade Center to the attacks of November 13th, via the kidnapping of the high school students of Chibok or the erection of the Islamic State, the jihadism came to represent a really global challenge, in the forms as diverse asvaried. Privileged targets of the Jihadist strengths, the western liberal democracies have then answered this challenge by making a commitment in a multifaceted ''war against the terrorism'' (military interventions, antiterrorist measures, etc.). If several extreme left-wing intellectuals, registered in a perspective of critic of the political liberalism, considered, by being inspired by Carl Schmitt's reflection, that the contemporary western States are plunged into a permanent state of exception, which the fight against the jihadism constitued either the trigger, or the revelation, we consider for our part, that this thesis does not simply allow to be made an exact idea of the legal and political effects of the post-September 11's anti-jihadism. Where from the necessity of discussing it by proceeding to the in-depth study of the context and the principles to which refers
Beye, Mamadou. "L'influence de Nicolas Machiavel et Carl Schmitt sur le droit constitutionnel de l'état de crise : étude comparée à la lumière des droits anglais, américain et français." Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMLH30/document.
Full textA cross-reading of the writings of Machiavelli and Schmitt not only allows us to decode certain past events, it also illuminates our understanding of the most recent challenges to the security of the state. Indeed, both authors conceptualize states of emergency – understood as responses to disorders threatening the preservation of the state not adequately covered by positive law – and their analyses demonstrate points of agreement as well as divergence. Comparing and contrasting them makes salient their lines of force. Both authors shed important light on the Anglo- American and French revolutionary movements of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as exceptional situations. Moreover, they also provide insight into the more recent emergency situations encountered by these states in confronting the terrorist phenomenon. The interest of such a perspective is twofold. On the one hand, the confrontation of the Machiavelo-Schmittian theory with concrete events demonstrates – despite insurmountable anachronism – their undeniable influence on the operations of law in crisis situations. On the other, from the perspective of their practical application, the theories of Machiavelli and Schmitt both prove inadequate in their apprehension of the exceptional phenomenon, notably with regard to the means that might be deployed to curb the threat. With this in mind, it is imperative to understand both the relevance of the political thought of these two authors, and take the measure of the limits of their theories. A proper understanding of the pertinence and limits of their theories with regard to the present situation should enable us to devise improved legal tools in response to the current crisis
Baumert, Renaud. "La découverte du juge constitutionnel, entre science et politique : les controverses doctrinales sur le contrôle de la constitutionnalité des lois dans les républiques française et allemande de l'entre-deux-guerres." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0039.
Full textThis work deals with the intellectual genesis of judicial review. More precisely, it focuses on how judicial review was elaborated and legitimated by the French and German professors of public law during the interwar period. Among other doctrines, specific attention is brought to those of Léon Duguit, Hans Kelsen and Carl Schmitt. In the perspective of the history of political ideas, stress is put on the scientifical and political arguments developped by the constitutional lawyers of both countries. These arguments are analysed in their political context, allowing to understand their strategic impact. It appears that judicial review has been conceived from several points of view and prescribed according to various political reasons. During the period referred to, a strong judicial review was above all supported by lawyers who associated it with conservative conceptions and interests. That pattern should nevertheless be qualified since, simultaneously, the institution was conceived by other jurists according to very different views and political goals. The debate studied here is thus analysed as a form of political struggle, whose main issue consists in identifying the sources of constitutional law in a liberal democracy. The question of judicial review appears, finally, as the privileged ground where the substantial and the procedural theories of democracy confront each other
Simard, Augustin. "Légalité et légitimité : trajectoire d'un couple conceptuel sous la république de Weimar (1919-1933)." Paris, EHESS, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005EHES0087.
Full textThis dissertation examines how the antinomy between legality and legitimacy evolved within the constitutional controversies of the Weimar Republic. The investigation starts with Max Weber’s concept of legitimacy as it is conveyed in « Economy and society ». It then analyses how Carl Schmitt deformed Weber’s sociological theses. While Weber only conceived legitimacy as a classificatory landmark, Schmitt explained Weimar’s constitutional failure in regards to a divorce between legality and legitimacy. He opposed a substantial and supra-legal legitimacy to a strictly functional legality. In 1932, as the regime ran into a deadlock, the dichotomy of legality and legitimacy, according to Schmitt, became an inescapable alternative: either self-destruction or protection of the State. Revisiting the link between legality and legitimacy, the young Otto Kirchheimer later rejected this false alternative by pointing out how it actually works in authoritarian projects
Katchekpele, Leonard Amossou. "Les enjeux politiques de l'Église en Afrique : contribution à une théologie du politique." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAK017.
Full textEchoes from Africa to the world and from the world to Africa seem to tell a single story: Africa fails.Especially political Africa. Among those dashing to help, the commitment of the Church catholic is to be praised but also critically engaged. Can anyone help Africa to modernize by ignoring that in Africa, modernity meant colonization? Then, a question: what is the Church doing, and what can it do qua Church, for Africa? This confronts us with a situation, an action and a critical question. This work, focusing on Togo taken as mirror to the continent, aims at challenging the way the situation is described, at elaborating an answer to the question in hoping to shed a light on the way the action is understood and undertaken. For such an end, it draws on post-colonial studies and on the Cambridge theological movement called Radical Orthodoxy, through the works of J. Milbank and W. Cavanaugh
Schupmann, Benjamin A. "Leviathan Run Aground: Carl Schmitt's State Theory and Militant Democracy." Thesis, 2015. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8ZP44V0.
Full textSá, Alexandre Guilherme Barroso de Matos Franco de. "O poder pelo poder : ficção e ordem no combate de Carl Schmitt em torno do poder." Doctoral thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/610.
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