Relevant bibliographies by topics / School for nine years

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Academic literature on the topic 'School for nine years'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "School for nine years"

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Krasny, Marianne E. "Reflections on Nine Years of Conducting High School Research Programs." Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education 28, no. 1 (1999): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/jnrlse.1999.0017.

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Dufitumukiza, Abel, Edouard Ntakirutimana, Emmanuel Niyibizi, and Jacqueline Mukanziza. "The nine year basic education policy and secondary school internal efficiency." International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 9, no. 6 (2020): 202–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v9i6.907.

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This study examined the effect of implementing Nine Year Basic Education (9YBE) policy on secondary school internal efficiency. The study followed descriptive design. Data on students’ enrolments and repetitions for consecutive school years, cohort 2014/15 and 2017/18, were collected from all five lower secondary schools in Ngoma and Tumba Sectors using survey questionnaire. Besides, focus group discussions (FGDs) were used to collect views of head-teachers on the study variables. The reconstructed cohort flow analysis technique was used to determine indicators of internal efficiency. Summary statistics are presented in tables. Qualitative data from FGDs were analysed through thematic content analysis with consideration of similarities and differences. The findings revealed (i) a positive change in students' promotion and repetition rates, (ii) students’ survival rate to the last grade increased to 69.39% for the cohort 2017/18 from 50.72% for the cohort 2014/15 and (iii) wastage ratio declined from 1.62 for cohort 2014/15 to 1.33 for cohort 2017/18. Thus, school efficiency rose to 75.19% in 2017/18. Head-teachers attributed the positive change in internal efficiency indicators to the combination of 9YBE interventions including removal of school fees, school feeding, and flexibility in student progression and increasing day secondary school in proximity of home. However, persistent high dropout rates indicated that the implementation of 9YBE policy had not alleviated all disruptive forces against students’ participation rates. It was therefore suggested to relook at policy interventions to address individual students’ challenges at school and household levels and the management of older children in the school system.
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Jansen, Lisette, Cacha Peeters-Scholte, Sica Wiggers-de Bruine, et al. "Classroom-evaluated school performance at nine years of age after very preterm birth." Early Human Development 140 (January 2020): 104834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2019.104834.

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van Dijk, Adam, Patricia A. McGrath, William Pickett, and Elizabeth G. VanDenKerkhof. "Pain Prevalence in Nine- to 13-Year-Old School Children." Pain Research and Management 11, no. 4 (2006): 234–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2006/835327.

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BACKGROUND: Despite significant progress in the epidemiology of chronic pain in adults, major gaps remain in our understanding of the epidemiology of chronic pain in children. In particular, the incidence, prevalence and sensory characteristics of many types of pain in Canadian children are unknown.OBJECTIVES: A study to obtain the lifetime and point prevalence of common acute pains, recurrent pain syndromes and chronic pains was conducted in a cohort of 495 school children, nine to 13 years of age, in eastern Ontario.METHODS: Children reported their pain experiences and described the intensity, affect and duration of the pains experienced over the previous month by completing the Pain Experience Interview –Short Form.RESULTS: The majority of children (96%) experienced some acute pain over the previous month, with headache (78%) being most frequently reported. Lifetime prevalence for certain acute pains differed significantly by sex (P<0.05). Fifty-seven per cent of children reported experiencing at least one recurrent pain, while 6% were identified as having had or currently having chronic pain.DISCUSSION: The prevalence of acute pain in this Canadian cohort is consistent with international estimates of acute pain experiences (ie, headache) and recurrent pain problems (ie, recurring headache, abdominal pain and growing pains). However, 6% of children reported chronic pain. The self-completed Pain Experience Interview – Short Form provides a feasible administration technique for obtaining population estimates of childhood pain, and for conducting longitudinal studies to identify risk and prognostic factors for chronic pain.
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Wood, Eric. "Now We Are Nine…" Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School 5, no. 1 (1999): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/mtms.5.1.0003.

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AN EXCITING YEAR IS IN STORE FOR Mathematics Teaching in the Middle School (MTMS): with this fifth volume, we reach our full complement of nine issues! And with the ninth issue comes an additional opportunity to serve you–our readers–by presenting more articles that address your needs as middle-grades-mathematics educators. For those who first conceived of this journal for the middle grades, for the first Editorial Panel that launched it, and for the subsequent panels that have continued to shape and nurture it, this volume is the culmination of much thought and effort. The years of development to a nine-issue volume have been richly rewarded by the involvement and enthusiasm of you–our readers.
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Iskandar, Soetyono. "Management Open Junior High School during the Nine Years Compulsory Education Programme in Malang." IOSR Journal of Business and Management 15, no. 5 (2013): 18–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/487x-1551835.

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Pereira, Meira Chaves. "O ensino fundamental de nove anos e a organização curricular para os anos iniciais no Mato Grosso do Sul - The elementary school nine years and organization curriculum for early years in Mato Grosso do Sul." Revista de Gestão e Avaliação Educacional 5, no. 9 (2015): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/2318133816929.

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Neste trabalho se discute o ensino fundamental de nove anos e a organização escolar para os anos iniciais do ensino fundamental no Brasil. Trata-se de uma reflexão crítica por meio de literatura especializada organizada em três seções. A primeira considera a idade que integra o ensino fundamental a partir da legislação brasileira. Na segunda, analisamos a criança de seis anos no ensino fundamental e a necessária sensibilidade no desenvolvimento de seus saberes e fazeres e, em seguida construímos algumas considerações sobre a organização do currículo para o ensino fundamental de nove anos. O estudo aponta que quanto mais cedo se faz a incursão da criança nos anos iniciais do ensino fundamental, não se pode perder de vista a especificidade da infância em seus tempos, espaços e possibilidades.Palavras-chave: ensino fundamental de nove anos, organização curricular, anos iniciais. THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL NINE YEARS AND ORGANIZATION CURRICULUM FOR EARLY YEARS IN MATO GROSSO DO SUL AbstractThis paper discusses the fundamental education of nine years and school organization for the early years of elementary school in Brazil. It is a reflexive critical reflection by means of specialized literature organized into three sections. The first considers the age which integrates elementary school from the Brazilian legislation. In the second, we analyze the child of six years in the elementary school and the necessary sensitivity to develop their knowledge and practices and then build some considerations about the Organization of the curriculum for elementary education of nine years. The study brought to light that, the sooner you make the incursion of the child in the early years of elementary school, one cannot lose sight of the specificity of childhood in their times, spaces and possibilities.Key-words: nine-year elementary school, curriculum organization, the initial years.
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Radziavicius, Fernanda R., Lourdes C. Martins, Camilla C. Radziavicius, et al. "Peak expiratory flow values are higher in older and taller healthy male children: An observational study." Clinical & Investigative Medicine 33, no. 2 (2010): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v33i2.12347.

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Purpose: Peak expiratory flow (PEF) was measured in healthy children aged five to ten years in order to provide baseline values and to determine correlations between PEF and factors such as gender, age and type of school. Methods: After the Ethical Committee of Research in Human of the School of Medicine of ABC – FMABC approval, PEF and height were measured in 1942 children between five and ten years old from nine public schools and nine private schools throughout São Bernardo do Campo City. PEF was measured using the Mini-Wright Peak Flow Meter (Clement Clarke International Ltd.) and. height was measured using a Sanny professional stadiometer . Results: Significant differences were found in values for PEF: higher values were seen in older students in comparison with younger students, in males in comparison with females and in students from private schools in comparison with public schools, with average values ranging from 206 L/min to 248 L/min,. Linear correlations were seen for PEF values with both height and age (Spearman Coefficient). Conclusions: Differences were seen for PEF between genders and between types of school, and a linear correlation was seen for PEF with both age and height in healthy children from five to ten years old.
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Bak, Moon Young Savana, Joshua B. Plavnick, and Sarah M. Byrne. "Vocalizations of minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder across the school year." Autism 23, no. 2 (2017): 371–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361317747576.

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Little is known about the language trajectories of minimally verbal school-aged children with autism spectrum disorders. The present investigation conducted observations across two elementary schools over an entire school year to analyze the vocal language development of nine minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder between the ages of 6 and 10 years, and their educational service providers. A Language Environment Analysis™ device automatically recorded and disaggregated over 743 h of data on child vocalizations, and vocal interactions with adults. Vocalizations did not increase for eight of the nine participants, and conversational counts between participants and adults were near zero across the entire year. These results speak to the need for additional research examining language development and potential intervention strategies among minimally verbal children with autism spectrum disorder.
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SUKARDJI, K. "EVALUASI BELAJAR PENDIDIKAN DASAR 9 TAHUN MELALUI MADRASAH DI KABUPATEN PANDEGLANG." ALQALAM 18, no. 90-91 (2001): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.32678/alqalam.v18i90-91.1462.

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In the Framework to raise the progress of the nation life entirely, the goverment has carried out the nine years - Basic Education Compulsory Programme (Wajar Dikdas) through general school and Islamic school In this programme through the Islamic school among others have been done in model school of Islamic elementery school (MIN) in village of part, Mandalawangi, Pandeglang and the Islamic secondary private scool "Cidangiang" Kota Pandeglang., Pandeglang.The Nine Years - Basic Education Compulsory Programme through Islamic School has been applied on the Islamic School (MI and MTs) by providing service of education to all basic education school age from any economic sosial backgrounds, both living in the countryside and the town around the two schools evironments. Both children coming from the poor and the rich family Have equal chance to obtain service of education from two schools.To support the operational of programme among parents, school and group of society/foster parents (GNOTA) and government have colleted fund to run the education at the school, including the school payment for students by the cooperation in colleting the fund wich have been done by many parts for costing the programme so that in can run smoothly and succesfully.Key words: Evaluation, Compulsory Education, Madrasah, Pandeglang.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "School for nine years"

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Daly, Caroline. "Collective Memory, Commemoration and Ways of Remembering Little Rock: 50 Years After the Integration Crisis at Central High School." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/359.

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This thesis uses the 50th Anniversary of the 1957 Integration Crisis at Central High School as a case study to explore issues of memory and remembrance. After looking at various forms of commemoration, Little Rock proves to provide key insights into the dangers of memory, as well as more effective ways of remembering.
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Philander, Rochelle. "Management of children with sexual behaviour problems, between the ages of five to nine years old, by educators and social workers." University of the Western Cape, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6404.

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Magister Artium - MA (Child and Family Studies)<br>The Management of children, younger than twelve years of age, who pose a risk to other children, remains complex and confusing. When their behaviour includes sexual aggression towards other children, ignorance about how to manage them becomes even more challenging. Society has an expectation that any sexual aggressor should be punished, however, when the aggressor is younger than ten years old, different responses are necessary. The aim of this current study was to explore the management of learners with sexual behaviour problems, within the primary school setting. The main question underpinning this study was: How are children, aged five-to-nine-years, with sexual behaviour problems, managed by social workers and educators? A qualitative methodology, with focus group discussions and semi-structured interviews were used to conduct this study. Educators from primary schools, as well as social workers from the Western Cape Education Department, were purposively selected to form the sample for this study. Focus group discussions were conducted with the educators, while semi-structured interviews were conducted with the social workers.
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Oscarsson, Saga. "English for year nine and English 5 : A comparative study of curricula and teachers' approaches." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-53831.

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This study explores the progression between English for year nine and English 5, based on a textual analysis and comparison of the two curricula, as well as semi-structured interviews with six teachers about their interpretations and concretisations of the curricula. The analysis of the curricula and the analysis of the interviews were compared to each other and discussed in relation to interpretation, concretisation, and progression. The results show that, on the same level of education, i.e. in compulsory school or upper secondary school, teachers’ interpretations and preferred methods of working are very similar. Finally, the results show that slight progression is noticeable in the curricula but more so in the teachers’ practices, especially when the courses are taught separately rather than in merged groups.
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Rodriguez, Diana. "The induction period of nine beginning physical education teachers in Puerto Rico /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1995. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11848522.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1995.<br>Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: William G. Anderson. Dissertation Committee: Lenore M. Pogonowski. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 163-175).
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Lima, Izabel Maciel Monteiro. "Educational experiences in the context of the transition from early childhood education for elementary education in a public school in Fortaleza in the perspective of the various segments of the school community." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11256.

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nÃo hÃ<br>A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo geral analisar como se concretizam as estratÃgias de articulaÃÃo curricular utilizadas numa escola pÃblica municipal de Fortaleza no Ãltimo ano da EducaÃÃo Infantil (EI) que visam à continuidade da formaÃÃo da crianÃa na sua transiÃÃo para o primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental (EF), considerando as perspectivas dos diversos segmentos da comunidade escolar sobre esse processo. No Brasil, os momentos de transiÃÃo escolar ganham destaque a partir das mudanÃas na organizaÃÃo da EducaÃÃo BÃsica, tais como a ampliaÃÃo do EF de oito para nove anos de duraÃÃo e a extensÃo da escolaridade obrigatÃria de nove para quatorze anos. A transiÃÃo da crianÃa entre a EI e o EF à um passo delicado de seu percurso escolar, que pode ter consequÃncias negativas para o desenvolvimento e a aprendizagem dos indivÃduos (LERNER, 1996, apud FORMOSINHO e ARAÃJO, 2004). Portanto, a transiÃÃo à um processo que requer o planejamento de aÃÃes que articulem os modelos curriculares e o repensar acerca da prÃtica pedagÃgica do professor junto Ãs crianÃas (ZABALZA, 2007). Trata-se de uma pesquisa qualitativa de cunho etnogrÃfico, desenvolvida por meio do estudo de caso (BOGDAN E BIKLEN, 1994) de uma turma do Ãltimo ano da EducaÃÃo Infantil. Para a obtenÃÃo dos dados, foram realizadas observaÃÃes a fim de conhecer o currÃculo em curso nesse momento de transiÃÃo e entrevistas com os trÃs segmentos de sujeitos (profissionais da escola, famÃlias e crianÃas), com o intuito de apreender as suas perspectivas sobre o fenÃmeno. Os dados da investigaÃÃo foram analisados à luz da Psicologia de Desenvolvimento (WALLON, 1971; 2007) e das perspectivas de Formosinho (1998; 2001; 2008) e Zabalza (1998; 2007). Os resultados evidenciam que as vivÃncias educacionais das crianÃas na escola Vida de CrianÃa focam principalmente a aprendizagem da leitura e da escrita, para qual se destina a maior parte do tempo na escola. Em consequÃncia dessa prioridade, as brincadeiras, as interaÃÃes, a participaÃÃo das crianÃas e as atividades que envolvem outras Ãreas do conhecimento, como ciÃncias naturais e arte, adquirem pouca relevÃncia no contexto escolar. Assim, a anÃlise empreendida sobre as prÃticas pedagÃgicas aponta para o objetivo preparatÃrio da EI, tendo em vista a prevenÃÃo do fracasso escolar no EF mediante a antecipaÃÃo de prÃticas de escrita, numa perspectiva restrita do prÃprio processo de alfabetizaÃÃo das crianÃas.<br>The present research intended to analyze how the strategies of curricular articulation used in a Fortaleza's municipal public school, in the last year of Early Childhood Education, which aim to give continuity to the development of a child in his transition to the first year of Basic Education, get materialized, considering the perspectives of the several segments of school community about this process. In Brazil, the moments of school transition stand out from the changes in the organization of Early Childhood Education, such as the extension of Basic School period, from eight to nine years, and the increasing in the required period of scholarity, from nine to fourteen years. The child's transition from Early Childhood Education to Basic Education is a delicate step in his school path, and may result in negative consequences to the individuals' development and learning (LERNER, 1996 apud FORMOSINHO, ARAÃJO, 2004). Therefore, this transition is a process that requires the planning of actions that can articulate the curricular models, as well as a reassessment about the teacher's pedagogic practice in relation to children (ZABALZA, 2007). This is a qualitative ethnographic research developed by the study of the case (BOGDAN, BIKLEN, 1994) of a class belonging to the last year of Early Childhood Education. For construction of the data, observations were made in order to get to know the current curriculum in this moment of transition, and interviews were conducted with the three segments of subjects (school staff, families and children) in order to assimilate their perspectives about the phenomenon. The research's data were analyzed in light of Developmental Psychology (WALLON, 1971, 2007) and the prospects of Formosinho (1998, 2008) and Zabalza (1998, 2007). The results show that the educational experiences of children in the Vida de CrianÃa School mainly focus on reading and writing activities, for which most of the time is destined. As a result of this priority, the jokes, the interactions, the participation of children and the activities involving other areas of knowledge, such as natural sciences and art, acquire little relevance in the school context. Thus, the analysis made of the pedagogical practices leads to the objective of adequately preparing Early Childhood Education, in order to prevent school failure in Basic Education by the anticipation of writing practice, taking into consideration that it is a restricted view of the process itself of children's literacy.
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Silva, Viviane Aparecida da. "Participação e expressão das culturas infantis no primeiro ano do ensino fundamental de nove anos: possibilidade de escuta das crianças." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2014. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/9804.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-27T14:31:26Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Viviane Aparecida da Silva.pdf: 1731175 bytes, checksum: b2f3ad37cb635c6274b6035c8e84af84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-10-30<br>This research aimed to understand the extent to which happens the participation and expression of children's cultures in a class of the new first year of elementary school. The investigation was conducted in a public school in the East area of Curitiba and was theoretically supported by studies of the Sociology of Childhood that has contributed to the understanding of children, exploring concepts that point to a conception of the child agent, competent and culture producer. The theoretical basis was complemented by guidance documents from the Ministry of Education and the National Council of Education for the implementation of the new first year, as well as critics of the curriculum. The methodology was the qualitative approach, with procedures including systematic observation, semi structured interviews, document analysis, and listen to the children, seeking to understand how they give sense to school experience. The study showed that traditional and new school models coexist in a controversial manner in the same space, and it was observed that the focus on body control; the fragmentation of disciplines and time and space; and the content transmitted by repetition cause suffocation of the participation and expression of children's cultures. From the data analysis, it was concluded that there are efforts to change the adult-centered culture, but what prevails in the new first year is the reproduction of a curriculum centralized in the voice and in the decisions of the teacher, going against the studies on childhood that point to an active, participatory, creative and curious conception of child that is able to develop their autonomy. This study intends to contribute to reflections on the social function of school education in the subject formation and in the challenge of implementing a new curriculum for the new first year<br>A presente pesquisa teve como objetivo entender em que medida acontece a participação e a expressão das culturas infantis em uma turma do novo primeiro ano do ensino fundamental. A investigação foi realizada numa escola pública da zona leste de Curitiba e tomou como amparo teórico os estudos da Sociologia da Infância, que têm contribuído para o entendimento sobre as crianças, explorando conceitos que apontam para uma concepção de criança agente, competente e produtora de cultura. A fundamentação teórica foi complementada por documentos orientadores do Ministério da Educação e do Conselho Nacional de Educação para a implantação do novo primeiro ano, e de críticos do currículo. A metodologia teve abordagem qualitativa, com procedimentos que incluíram observação sistemática, entrevistas semiestruturadas, análise documental e escuta das crianças, para compreender como buscam dar sentido à experiência escolar. O estudo desvelou que modelos escolares tradicionais e novos convivem conflituosamente no mesmo espaço, e permitiu observar que o foco no controle corporal; na fragmentação de disciplinas e de tempos e espaços; e no conteúdo transmitido por meio da repetição ocasionam um sufocamento da participação e da expressão das culturas infantis. A partir da análise dos dados, concluiu-se que há esforços para se mudar a cultura adultocêntrica, porém o que prevalece no novo primeiro ano é a reprodução de um currículo centralizado na voz e nas decisões do professor, negando os estudos sobre a infância que apontam para uma concepção de criança ativa, participativa, curiosa e criativa, com competência para desenvolver sua autonomia. Este estudo pretende contribuir para reflexões acerca da função social da escola na formação do sujeito e do desafio de se implantar um novo currículo para o novo primeiro ano
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Barbosa, Ana Flávia Miranda. "A importância do letramento emergente no processo de alfabetização: em foco o primeiro ano do ensino fundamental." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-22062012-095228/.

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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar a influência do letramento emergente no processo de alfabetização em um grupo de alunos que cursaram o primeiro ano do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos em uma escola municipal em Santa Isabel. Tendo constatado a necessidade da recuperação lúdica do letramento emergente para estas crianças, buscamos desenvolver atividades que contemplassem habilidades orais, escritas e leitoras, sempre tendo em mente, o desenvolvimento do letramento que permeava tais habilidades. Com a crença no fato de ser o letramento fundamental na constituição de um cidadão que se posicione criticamente na sociedade, desenvolvemos, por meio de uma pesquisa-ação, um trabalho que buscou ampliar o letramento dos alunos, possibilitando uma passagem pelo processo de alfabetização da maneira mais natural possível, tencionando amenizar as eventuais diferenças existentes devido a fatores sócio-culturais, quando do ingresso destes alunos no Ensino Fundamental. Para tanto, lançamos mão de recursos como: diário de bordo com anotações detalhadas sobre o desenrolar das atividades ao longo das aulas, questionários sócio-culturais com as famílias dos alunos, e entrevistas com algumas mães, além de portfólios e atividades diagnósticas recolhidas ao longo dos anos letivos de 2009 e 2010. Autores como Bakhtin, Vigotsky, Freire, Lahire, Ferreira, Colello, Kishimoto, Soares, Semeghini-Siqueira, entre outros, constituem a fundamentação teórica a partir da qual esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida. A análise dos dados aponta para o fato de que, quando uma criança tem a possibilidade de experimentar eventos de letramento em sua primeira infância, essas vivências a conduzem por um processo de alfabetização sem grandes dificuldades, entretanto, a análise dos dados também nos indica que, embora este processo se desenvolva quase que naturalmente, alguns sujeitos da pesquisa fogem a ele, o que nos permite vivenciar uma riqueza de possibilidades própria da diversidade humana.<br>This research aims to show the influence of literacy in the process of emergent literacy in a group of students from the first level of the elementary school in Santa Isabel. Based on the search for the playful recovery of emergent literacy, we seek to develop recreational activities addressed to writing, reading and oral skills, always bearing in mind the development of the inner literacy skills. With the belief that literacy is crucial in the formation of a citizen who is critically positioned in society, We tried to developed through an action-search, a work that aimed to improve the literacy of students in order to allow a passage through the process of acquiring literacy the most natural way possible, seeing minimized any differences due to existing socio-cultural factors, previous to the admission of students in elementary school. For this purpose we used features such as diary book with detailed notes on the conduct of activities throughout the school, socio-cultural research with the students families and interviews with some mothers, as well as portfolios and diagnostic activities collected over the academic years of 2009 and 2010. Authors such as Bakhtin, Vigotsky, Freire, Lahire, Ferreira, Colello, Kishimoto, Soares, Semeghini-Siqueira among others, constitute the scope on which this study was developed. The data analysis points to the fact that when a child has the chance to experience literacy events in his early childhood, these experiences lead to a process of literacy without major difficulties, however, the data analysis also indicates that, although this process develops almost naturally, some research subjects flee to it, allowing us to experience the wealth possibilities of human diversity itself.
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Leme, Andressa Caroline Francisco. "Agora é para alfabetizar, sim ou não? : análise dos discursos especializados sobre a idade certa para iniciar a alfabetização no contexto da ampliação do ensino fundamental para nove anos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100135/tde-17102015-183713/.

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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo efetuar uma análise dos discursos especializados sobre as relações entre a infância e a cultura escolar letrada a partir da perspectiva de Michel Foucault. Mais precisamente, busca-se examinar os discursos sobre a idade mais adequada para o início do processo de alfabetização, que marca a passagem da educação infantil para o ensino fundamental. O interesse pelo tema justifica-se tendo em vista a recente ampliação do ensino fundamental para nove anos, com a antecipação do ingresso no primeiro ano, que passou a ocorrer aos seis anos e não mais aos sete anos de idade. Esse fato gerou uma série de discussões pedagógicas acerca das consequências dessa mudança para as crianças de seis anos, que anteriormente frequentavam a educação infantil e passaram a frequentar o ensino fundamental. A partir do estudo de documentos oficiais e revistas pedagógicas destinados à formação docente, pretende-se identificar os argumentos mobilizados nos discursos para a defesa de uma idade mais indicada para o início do processo de alfabetização. A análise evidenciou que os discursos sobre o tema caracterizam a educação infantil e o ensino fundamental como duas culturas escolares distintas. A educação infantil é concebida como uma etapa da escolarização que tem como propósito favorecer o desenvolvimento infantil espontâneo, de modo que todo aprendizado realizado nessa etapa, inclusive o da leitura e da escrita, deve partir do interesse e da curiosidade das próprias crianças. O ensino fundamental, por sua vez, destina-se à formação do estudante por meio do ensino sistemático das disciplinas escolares definidas no currículo.<br>This research aims to make an analysis of the specialized discourse on the relationship between childhood and schools literate culture, from Michel Foucault\'s perspective. More precisely, it seeks to examine the speeches on the most appropriate age for the beginning of literacy process, which marks the transition from preschool to elementary school. The importance of this subject is justified in view of the recent expansion of primary education to nine years, with the anticipation of entering the first year, which now occur at six and no more at seven years old. This has raised a number of pedagogical discussions about the consequences of this change for children that are six years old, who previously attended kindergarten and began to attend the elementary school. From the study of official documents and pedagogical journals for teachers training, the analysis intended to identify the arguments deployed in the speeches for the defense of a more appropriate age for the beginning of the literacy process. The analysis showed that the speeches on the subject characterize the kindergarten and elementary school as two different school cultures. Early childhood education is conceived as a stage of schooling that aims to foster the spontaneous child development, so that all learning undertaken at this stage, including reading and writing, should start from the interest and curiosity of the children themselves. The primary school, in turn, is intended for the formation of the student through the systematic teaching of school subjects defined in the curriculum.
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Santos, Maria Salete Pereira. "A atividade l?dica nas pr?ticas pedag?gicas dos ingressantes no ensino fundamental: an?lises das aulas de educa??o f?sica." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2013. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/717.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-04T18:33:11Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 MARIA SALETE PEREIRA SANTOS.pdf: 1332885 bytes, checksum: e8813da8d65b7d35d3b380c0c9ed1e14 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-06-11<br>This research aimed to investigate the experiences of play in the 1st year of elementary school in a school in Campinas-SP. From analysis of the enactment of the law 11.274/06, determining the mandatory enrollment of children of six years in elementary school and official guidelines published by the Ministry of Education that indicate the importance and urgency of building a new curriculum for the first years of the new elementary school (which the play should be part), investigative works have shown minimal presence of playful activities in children freshmen daily. However, the studies conducted have focused, primarily, classrooms and left uncovered other spaces and times which also make up the school routine. With this research was intended to help fill this gap, and for that, we investigated the occurrence of experiences of playful activities with freshmen of the first year of the new elementary school in physical education classes, seeking to achieve the following objectives: (i) whether and how there are episodes of playful activity, (ii) if positive occurrence, identify among the different modes of play, if any teaching practices emphasize some of it. The theoretical basis of our study lies in the Historical-cultural approach, specifically from the works of L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev and D. B. Elkonin, with special interest in the proposals of these authors on the play and pedagogical mediation. The research is qualitative and was developed through participant observation in lessons of focused discipline, during the second half of 2011 and a semi-structured interview with the teacher. In addition, was conducted a research of literature review seeking to locate dissertations and theses that have investigated the new elementary school and documentary research in the official documents of the Ministry of Education that related to issues of expansion of education. In the analysis of the observation records identified the occurrence of several games going on, but developed through the initiative of children and unauthorized by the teacher, representing a counterpoint to prevalence of tests of motor skills in the teaching practices. In terms of modes of play, were recorded more often, games of rules and of exercises, with rare make-believe games. It is proposed that, given the results, a discussion about the role of teacher to incorporate or not the pedagogical practices that include a variety of activities aimed at the psychological development of children in many aspects.<br>Com esta pesquisa buscou-se conhecer experi?ncias de brincadeiras no 1? ano do Ensino Fundamental em uma escola do munic?pio de Campinas-SP. A partir de an?lises sobre a promulga??o da lei 11.274/06, que determina a obrigatoriedade de matr?cula das crian?as de seis anos no ensino fundamental, e das diretrizes oficiais publicadas pelo Minist?rio da Educa??o que indicam a import?ncia e urg?ncia de se construir um novo curr?culo para os primeiros anos do novo ensino fundamental (do qual as brincadeiras devem fazer parte), trabalhos investigativos t?m evidenciado m?nima presen?a da atividade l?dica no cotidiano das crian?as ingressantes. Entretanto, as pesquisas realizadas t?m focalizado, prioritariamente, as salas de aula e deixado a descoberto outros espa?os e tempos que tamb?m comp?em a rotina escolar. Com a presente pesquisa pretendeu-se contribuir para preencher esta lacuna; para isso, investigou-se a ocorr?ncia de experi?ncias de atividades l?dicas com ingressantes do primeiro ano do novo Ensino Fundamental nas aulas de Educa??o F?sica, buscando atingir os seguintes objetivos: (i) identificar se e como ocorrem epis?dios de atividade l?dica; (ii) em caso positivo de ocorr?ncia, identificar, dentre as diferentes modalidades de brincadeiras, se as pr?ticas pedag?gicas privilegiam alguma(s) dela(s). A fundamenta??o te?rica de nosso estudo encontra-se na abordagem Hist?rico-cultural, especificamente a partir dos trabalhos de L. S. Vigotski, A. N. Leontiev e D. B. Elkonin, com especial interesse nas proposi??es desses autores sobre a brincadeira e a media??o pedag?gica. A pesquisa tem car?ter qualitativo e foi desenvolvida por meio de observa??o participante em aulas da disciplina focalizada, ao longo do segundo semestre de 2011, e de entrevista semi-estruturada realizada com a professora. Al?m disso, foram feitas pesquisas de revis?o bibliogr?fica buscando localizar disserta??es e teses que tenham investigado o novo Ensino Fundamental e pesquisa documental nos documentos oficiais do Minist?rio da Educa??o que se referiam a quest?es da amplia??o do ensino. Na an?lise dos registros da observa??o, identificou-se a ocorr?ncia de v?rias brincadeiras, por?m desenvolvidas por iniciativa das crian?as e n?o autorizadas pela professora, representando um contraponto ? preval?ncia de testes de habilidades motoras nas pr?ticas pedag?gicas. Em termos de modalidades de brincadeiras, registraram-se mais frequentemente jogos de regras e de exerc?cios, sendo raras as brincadeiras de faz-de-conta. Prop?e-se, face aos resultados encontrados, uma discuss?o acerca do papel da forma??o do professor para incorpora??o ou n?o de pr?ticas pedag?gicas que contemplem uma diversidade de atividades visando ao desenvolvimento psicol?gico das crian?as em m?ltiplos aspectos.
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Birch, Fabiana. "A ampliação do ensino fundamental para nove anos e o ensino de leitura e escrita nos anos iniciais no município de São João - PR." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Parana, 2014. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/957.

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Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-10T16:27:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Fabiana Birch.pdf: 3403742 bytes, checksum: 5b27fcdde63c325332c6c82b0b84ca84 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-07-01<br>This study has been developed from problematizations about the enlargement of Elementary Education (EE), to nine years lasting, referring to reading and writing teaching in the Early Years of learning. The aim was to analyze, with the teachers of 5th and 6th grades of this academic stage, in São João, PR, the relationships of this new organization of EE and the reading and writing learning process. The survey took place from 2012 to 2013 and involved all eleven state and municipal schools which offer 5th and 6th grades in this town. It was interviewed sixteen people with semistructured questions - six state teachers of Portuguese Language in the 6th grade, seven municipal teachers of the 5th grade (AIEF ), a municipal pedagogy teacher, the municipal secretary of education and the responsible for AIEF of nine years at Núcleo Regional de Pato Branco. The studied documents were the Pedagogical Proposition of schools for AIEF of the organization lasting eight and nine years of studying at elementary school in São João County; internal data of the institutions, referring to the ages and the scholar learning of Portuguese Language, the classes from 2011, 2012 and 2013, of 4th and 5th grades and 5th and 6th grades. The data were analyzed based on the assumptions of historical materialism as a theoretical-methodological approach that enabled a reflection upon a the research object, considering it in its entirety, relationships and contradictions, and historical and cultural assumptions of language studies, by Vygostki and Bakhtin, who understand the language as a social phenomenon, resulting from the cultural dimension of human experience and constituent subjects. The results of this study show that, with the implementation of Elentary Education of nine years lasting in the São João, the guidelines related to the adoption of learning cycles, as proposed for integral formation of students, received emphasis only in the first three AIEF grades , not contemplating the following grades (4th, 5th, 6th, 7th, 8th and 9th grades); there wasn´t reorganization of school content for classes of 5th grade; there wasn´t planning meetings between state and local teachers reported; and also there was no training for education professionals so it didn´t gave the support for schools and teachers to make the effective transition. This study also pointed improvement in students performance; changes on teachers' practices aiming a more contextualized and dynamic teaching, able to explore the textual diversity, with more time on reading and producing texts, than, specifically, the normative language teaching; inclusion of specific teaching content of literacy in the reorganized PPC; improved mastery of the written code with regard to the technical issues of writing students who arrive at 5th and 6th grades; and greater interest in reading. Such positive results in teaching and learning of reading and writing are situated in a historical context multidetermined and beyond the simple relation with the expansion of the time spent in school and its obligation, they may have been influenced by other programs and educational policies. However, the cultural-historical perspective that justified this search, it is recognized that when children get into school earlier, they have enlarged their possibilities of relations with the written culture and thus made possible the expansion of their learning.<br>Este estudo se desenvolveu a partir de problematizações sobre a ampliação do Ensino Fundamental (EF), para nove anos de duração, referentes ao ensino de leitura e escrita nos Anos Iniciais. O objetivo foi analisar, junto às professoras de 5º e 6º anos dessa etapa escolar, do município de São João, PR, as relações dessa nova organização do EF com a aprendizagem de leitura e escrita. A pesquisa foi realizada no período de 2012 a 2013 e envolveu todas as onze escolas estaduais e municipais que ofertam 5º e 6º anos, no município. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com dezesseis sujeitos - seis professoras estaduais de Língua Portuguesa no 6º ano, sete professoras municipais do 5º ano (AIEF), uma pedagoga da rede municipal, uma secretária de educação do município e a responsável pelos AIEF de nove anos do Núcleo Regional de Educação de Pato Branco. Os documentos analisados foram as Propostas Pedagógicas Curriculares dos AIEF da organização de oito e de nove anos do EF no município; dados internos das instituições, referentes às idades e ao aproveitamento escolar em Língua Portuguesa, das turmas de 2011, 2012 e 2013, de 4ª e 5ª séries e 5º e 6º anos. As informações coletadas foram analisadas a partir dos pressupostos do materialismo histórico, como opção teórico-metodológica que possibilitou uma reflexão sobre o objeto de pesquisa, considerando-o em sua totalidade, relações e contradições, e pressupostos histórico-culturais dos estudos da linguagem, de Vigostki e Bakthin, que compreendem a língua como fenômeno social, resultante da dimensão cultural da experiência humana e constituinte dos sujeitos. Os resultados apontam que, com a implantação do Ensino Fundamental de nove anos no município de São João, as orientações referentes à adoção dos ciclos de aprendizagem, como proposta de formação integral dos estudantes, recebeu ênfase apenas nos três primeiros anos dos AIEF, não contemplando os anos seguintes (4º, 5º, 6º, 7º, 8º e 9º anos); que não houve reorganização dos conteúdos escolares para as turmas de 5º ano; não foram relatados momentos de planejamento conjunto entre professores municipais e estaduais; e que as formações destinadas aos profissionais da educação não atenderam às necessidades das escolas e professores, para efetuar a transição. Apontam, também, melhoria no desempenho dos estudantes; alteração das práticas docentes em função de um ensino mais contextualizado e dinâmico, capaz de explorar a diversidade textual, com maior tempo dedicado à leitura e produção de textos, do que, especificamente, ao ensino normativo da língua; inclusão de conteúdos de ensino específicos da alfabetização na PPC reorganizada; melhora do domínio do código alfabético no que se refere às questões técnicas de escrita dos alunos que chegam aos 5º e 6º anos; e maior interesse pela leitura. Tais resultados positivos no ensino e aprendizagem de leitura e escrita situam-se em um contexto multideterminado historicamente e ultrapassam a simples relação com a ampliação do tempo de permanência na escola e sua obrigatoriedade e podem ter sido influenciados por outros programas e políticas educacionais. Contudo, pela perspectiva histórico-cultural que fundamentou a pesquisa, reconhece-se que, ao ingressarem na escola mais cedo, as crianças têm ampliadas suas possibilidades de relações com a cultura escrita e, consequentemente, possibilitad a a ampliação de suas aprendizagens.
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Books on the topic "School for nine years"

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Howe, David. Willingly to school?: The story of nine hundred years of education in Warwickshire. Warwickshire Publications, 2003.

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Fu, Lewis. Evaluation study of the CBE's new mathematics program in grades three, six and nine: Report no. 5, program implementation phase, 1984-85 school year : summary &recommendations. Carleton Board of Education, 1985.

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1907-, Lee Judson Warren, ed. Nine years in the saddle. Salado Press, 1998.

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Afrūkhtah, Yūnus. Memories of nine years in ʻAkká. George Ronald, 2003.

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Little Rock Nine. Greenhaven Press, a part of Gale, Cengage Learning, 2014.

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Satyananda, Saraswati Swami. Asana, pranayama, mudra, bandha: Compiled from lectures given during the nine-month teacher training course, 1967-68, and the three year sannyas course, 1970-73, at the Bihar School of Yoga. 7th ed. Bihar School of Yoga, 1989.

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Little Rock Nine. Scholastic, 2002.

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Bajwa, Ch Rafique Ahmed, and Shaukat Rafique Bajwa. Fifty nine years' criminal digest: [1947-2005]. Nadeem Law Book House, 2006.

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Center for Women's Resources (Philippines). SONA 2009: The lies of nine years. Center for Women's Resources, 2009.

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Gülgün, Köroğlu, ed. Yumuktepe: A journey through nine thousand years. Ege Yayınları, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "School for nine years"

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Sude, Mei Yuan, and Fred Dervin. "Case 2—Mengyue Nine-Year School, Yunnan Province." In An Introduction to Ethnic Minority Education in China. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-61068-8_5.

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Schroeder, Manfred R. "School Years." In Acoustics, Information, and Communication. Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-05660-9_15.

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Aoki, Masahiko. "Middle School Years." In Transboundary Game of Life. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2757-5_8.

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Aoki, Masahiko. "High School Years." In Transboundary Game of Life. Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2757-5_9.

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Kim, Young Chun. "Elementary School Years." In Shadow Education and the Curriculum and Culture of Schooling in South Korea. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51324-3_4.

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Kim, Young Chun. "Middle School Years." In Shadow Education and the Curriculum and Culture of Schooling in South Korea. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51324-3_5.

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Kim, Young Chun. "High School Years." In Shadow Education and the Curriculum and Culture of Schooling in South Korea. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-51324-3_6.

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Alexander, Melina, and Desna Bergold. "Secondary School Years." In Parents and Families of Students With Special Needs: Collaborating Across the Age Span. SAGE Publications, Inc., 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4135/9781506315973.n15.

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McLean, Robert, and James A. Densley. "The School Years." In Scotland’s Gang Members. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-47752-3_3.

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Westwood, Peter Stuart. "Secondary School Years." In SpringerBriefs in Education. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-3761-2_5.

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Conference papers on the topic "School for nine years"

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Alves, Anabela C., Francisco Moreira, Rui Lima, et al. "Project Based Learning in First Year, First Semester of Industrial Engineering and Management: Some Results." In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-89046.

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The innovative learning methodology Project-based learning (PBL) has been functioning in the first semester of the first year of the Master Degree in Industrial Engineering and Management (IEM) at University of Minho, Portugal, since 2004_2005. This methodology was implemented by a team of teachers from the Department of Production and Systems of the Engineering School just before the Bologna process was adopted in Portugal. The process required substantial changes in the teaching/learning methods and methodologies and had a significant impact on students’ learning and motivation. The team of IEM teachers designed a full semester project based on the contents of four project-supporting courses (PSC), and formed a coordination team involving PSC lecturers, tutors and educational researchers. The latter aimed to accompany students’ teams, assess the learning process and evaluate the PBL experience at IEM. After nine editions of PBL in the first year, the IEM curricular structure has been reformulated to include a semester-wide project course in the first semester, recognizing PBL as a distinct part of the curriculum. It is therefore time to reflect on the past experiences and the merits of the PBL experiences. After presenting the overview of PBL based on the IEM specific context, its merit will be discussed through the analysis of surveys results and workshops organized at the end of last three PBL editions. This learning approach has put many challenges to the coordination team, brought discussion and triggered research that supported PBL along the way.
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Pauli, Robert. "Dry Media Paint Stripping-Nine Years Later." In Airframe Finishing, Maintenance & Repair Conference & Exposition. SAE International, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/941242.

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Feldgen, Maria, and Osvaldo Clua. "Reflections of nine years of interdisciplinary capstone courses." In 2010 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2010.5673422.

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Iovino, Felicetta. "THE PROFITABILITY OF GENERATION ENERGY COMPANIES DURING NINE YEARS." In 5th International Scientific Conference ERAZ - Knowledge Based Sustainable Development. Association of Economists and Managers of the Balkans, Belgrade, Serbia, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.31410/eraz.s.p.2019.217.

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Mayer, Paul. "IMPROVING COLLECTION ACCESS: EIGHT DIGITIZATION PROJECTS OVER NINE YEARS." In GSA 2020 Connects Online. Geological Society of America, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/abs/2020am-357860.

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Michel, Laurent, Christian Motch, Jéro^me Rodriguez, and Phillippe Ferrando. "Nine Years of XMM-Newton Pipeline: Experience and Feedback." In SIMBOL-X: FOCUSING ON THE HARD X-RAY UNIVERSE: Proceedings of the 2nd International Simbol-X Symposium. AIP, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3149475.

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Dorman, L. I., G. Villoresi, I. V. Dorman, N. Iucci, and M. Parisi. "Long-term cosmic ray/solar activity hysteresis phenomenon and properties of solar wind for the last 200 years." In The solar wind nine conference. AIP, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.58706.

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Gottwald, Manfred, Eckhart Krieg, Gunter Lichtenberg, et al. "Nine years of atmospheric remote sensing with SCIAMACHY - instrument performance." In IGARSS 2011 - 2011 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2011.6049985.

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Boezio, Mirko, Matteo Martucci, Alessandro Bruno, Valeria Di Felice, and Riccardo Munini. "Nine Years of Cosmic Ray Investigation by the PAMELA Experiment." In The 34th International Cosmic Ray Conference. Sissa Medialab, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/1.236.0037.

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Prudente, Robson, Carolina Mesquita, Estefânia Franco, Renata Ferrari, Irma Godoy, and Suzana Tanni. "Role of interleukin 6 in COPD patients over nine years." In ERS International Congress 2020 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2020.2471.

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Reports on the topic "School for nine years"

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Hillman, Kylie, and Sue Thomson. 2018 Australian TALIS-PISA Link Report. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-598-0.

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Australia was one of nine countries and economies to participate in the 2018 TALIS-PISA link study, together with Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina), Colombia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Georgia, Malta, Turkey and Viet Nam. This study involved coordinating the samples of schools that participated in the Program of International Student Assessment (PISA, a study of the performance of 15-year-old students) and the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS, a study that surveys teachers and principals in lower secondary schools) in 2018. A sample of teachers from schools that were selected to participate in PISA were invited to respond to the TALIS survey. TALIS data provides information regarding the background, beliefs and practices of lower secondary teachers and principals, and PISA data delivers insights into the background characteristics and cognitive and non-cognitive skills of 15-year-old students. Linking these data offers an internationally comparable dataset combining information on key education stakeholders. This report presents results of analyses of the relationships between teacher and school factors and student outcomes, such as performance on the PISA assessment, expectations for further study and experiences of school life. Results for Australia are presented alongside those of the average (mean) across all countries and economies that participated in the TALIS-PISA link study for comparison, but the focus remains on what relationships were significant among Australian students.
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Hillman, Kylie, and Sue Thomson. 2018 Australian TALIS-PISA Link Report. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-628-4.

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Australia was one of nine countries and economies to participate in the 2018 TALIS-PISA link study, together with Cuidad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (Argentina), Colombia, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Georgia, Malta, Turkey and Viet Nam. This study involved coordinating the samples of schools that participated in the Program of International Student Assessment (PISA, a study of the performance of 15-year-old students) and the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS, a study that surveys teachers and principals in lower secondary schools) in 2018. A sample of teachers from schools that were selected to participate in PISA were invited to respond to the TALIS survey. TALIS data provides information regarding the background, beliefs and practices of lower secondary teachers and principals, and PISA data delivers insights into the background characteristics and cognitive and non-cognitive skills of 15-year-old students. Linking these data offers an internationally comparable dataset combining information on key education stakeholders. This report presents results of analyses of the relationships between teacher and school factors and student outcomes, such as performance on the PISA assessment, expectations for further study and experiences of school life. Results for Australia are presented alongside those of the average (mean) across all countries and economies that participated in the TALIS-PISA link study for comparison, but the focus remains on what relationships were significant among Australian students.
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Aín, Gastón, María Camila Barriga, Sebastián González, Victoria Aurora Marquez Mees, Martín Packmann, and Esteban Tovar, Esteban. MICI Reflections: Consultation Phase 2010-2019: Nine Years of Dispute Resolution Experience. Inter-American Development Bank, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002275.

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Woods, Natalie. The Portland Public School Police: Formative Years - 1937 to 1953. Portland State University Library, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.7098.

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Blanjen, Chris L., and Berend G. van der Wall. Nine Years of Cooperation: The US-German Memorandum of Understanding (MoU) on Helicopter Aeromechanics 2003-2012. Defense Technical Information Center, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada594824.

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Hunter, Fumiyo T. ROTC (Reserve Officers' Training Corps) Achievement Testing Program: School Years 1983-1985. Defense Technical Information Center, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada178670.

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Fryer, Roland, and Steven Levitt. Understanding the Black-White Test Score Gap in the First Two Years of School. National Bureau of Economic Research, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w8975.

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Leiter, Michael. Statement for Record Senate Homeland Security and Government Affairs Committee. Nine Years after 9/11: Confronting the Terrorist Threat to the Homeland. Defense Technical Information Center, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada530466.

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Gavlinski, Robert R. High School Apprenticeship: Eleven Years of Benefits to the U.S. Army Chemical Research, Development and Engineering Center. Defense Technical Information Center, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada273331.

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Corman, Hope. The Effects of Low Birthweight and Other Medical Risk Factors on Resource Utilization in the Pre-School Years. National Bureau of Economic Research, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w5273.

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