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Journal articles on the topic 'School hygiene Schools Sanitation'
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1
Shilunga, Anna P. K., Hans J. Amukugo, and Kabwebwe H. Mitonga. "Knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary schools learners on sanitation and hygiene practices." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 8 (July 23, 2018): 3197. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183051.
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Background: Water, sanitation and hygiene played a significant role in schools by reducing water and sanitation related diseases; subsequently improving the health and learning performance of school-aged children. However, ppeople’s knowledge and attitudes on sanitation and hygiene determine the actual practice towards it. This study aimed at assessing and describing the knowledge, attitudes and practices of primary school learners towards sanitation and hygiene.Methods: A quantitative, descriptive design was used. A questionnaire was used to collect data among 450 learners in 10 selected primary schools in Ohangwena region. The study population was grade five, six and seven primary school learners. A three staged probability sampling method was employed. Statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 23.Results: The result indicated that younger learners in lower school grades, has poorer knowledge, attitudes and practices towards hygiene and sanitation than older learners irrespective of their gender, school circuits or location. This is a logical conclusion because, as learners become older, they become more aware and take precautions about hygiene and sanitation issues.Conclusions: Younger learners in lower school grades, has poorer knowledge, attitudes and practices towards hygiene and sanitation irrespective of their gender, school circuits or location. The older learners become more aware, and cautious about hygiene and sanitation issues comparing to younger learners. The practice and knowledge of sanitation and hygiene are implicated by the reality of the conditions of the sanitation facilities available to them.
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Shrestha, Marina Vaidya, Naresh Manandhar, and Sunil Kumar Joshi. "Study on Knowledge and Practices of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene among Secondary School Students." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 14, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 160–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v14i3.21158.
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Background: Provision of adequate water supply, sanitation, hygiene and waste management in schools has a number of positive effects. The study focuses on children because disease related to water; sanitation and hygiene are the leading cause of mortality and morbidity among children. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study comprised of 220 students. Participants involved were Government school students of grades 9-10 in Sindhupalchowk and Bhaktapur. Data consisted of hygiene and hand washing practices, knowledge about sanitation and personal hygiene characteristics. Results: This study revealed that knowledge regarding water borne disease was high among Urban school students 86.5% but knowledge regarding transmission route seemed inadequate in both urban and rural students (35% and 16% respectively). The practice on hand washing was found high (94.4%).There was significant difference in the knowledge of students regarding WASH in urban and rural settings of the school (P value<0.001). Treated water facility and hand washing facilities with water was found lacking in rural schools. Schools from the urban area had proper hand washing facilities, but there was not any soap available in both the areas. Conclusions: The knowledge and practice of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) among secondary school students is still poor. The knowledge of WASH in secondary school students when compared to the rural areas, urban areas had better on the basis of knowledge score.Keywords: hygiene; knowledge; practice; water; sanitation.
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FREEMAN, M. C., T. CLASEN, R. DREIBELBIS, S. SABOORI, L. E. GREENE, B. BRUMBACK, R. MUGA, and R. RHEINGANS. "The impact of a school-based water supply and treatment, hygiene, and sanitation programme on pupil diarrhoea: a cluster-randomized trial." Epidemiology and Infection 142, no. 2 (May 24, 2013): 340–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813001118.
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SUMMARYThe impact of improved water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) access on mitigating illness is well documented, although impact of school-based WASH on school-aged children has not been rigorously explored. We conducted a cluster-randomized trial in Nyanza Province, Kenya to assess the impact of a school-based WASH intervention on diarrhoeal disease in primary-school pupils. Two study populations were used: schools with a nearby dry season water source and those without. Pupils attending ‘water-available’ schools that received hygiene promotion and water treatment (HP&WT) and sanitation improvements showed no difference in period prevalence or duration of illness compared to pupils attending control schools. Those pupils in schools that received only the HP&WT showed similar results. Pupils in ‘water-scarce’ schools that received a water-supply improvement, HP&WT and sanitation showed a reduction in diarrhoea incidence and days of illness. Our study revealed mixed results on the impact of improvements to school WASH improvements on pupil diarrhoea.
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Rai, Pramila, R. B. Sah, R. Rijal, and PK Pokharel. "Neglected scenario of sanitation in schools of Sunsari district of Nepal: Critical sphere for public health consideration." Health Renaissance 13, no. 2 (June 20, 2017): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v13i2.17560.
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Background: Provision of adequate water supply, sanitation facilities, hygiene and waste management in schools reduces the disease burden among children, staff and their families. Every child has equal right to grow in a safe and sound environment. However, levels of water supply, sanitation and hygiene are unacceptable in many schools worldwide.Method: Study included forty schools comprising twenty public and twenty private schools of Sunsari district selected by simple random sampling method. The status of school environment and sanitation were assessed by using observation and interview method using observation checklist, questionnaires and photographs.Result: Two public schools were completely devoid of sanitary facilities though toilet facility was present physically. Students couldn’t use toilet due to lack of water in one school due to theft of tube well and septic tank of the toilet was full in another school. Other remaining schools didn’t have satisfactory, clean and proper sanitary facilities. Only few schools had convenient hand washing point.Conclusion: Sanitation facilities were in neglected state evidenced by unavailability of sanitation facilities even though that was physically present and the sanitation facilities were in pitiable condition including cleanliness, water supply. All the stakeholders including school management, supervisors, parents, teachers, students should be ready to play vital role on their own. Lack of one toilet affects no. of students and people of surrounding area and raises of risk of soil transmitted diseases so this situation demands attention of authorities and other stakeholders.Health Renaissance 2015;13(2): 114-124
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Egbinola, Christiana Ndidi, and Amobichukwu Chukwudi Amanambu. "Water supply, sanitation and hygiene education in secondary schools in Ibadan, Nigeria." Bulletin of Geography. Socio-economic Series 29, no. 29 (September 1, 2015): 31–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bog-2015-0023.
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Abstract Access to potable water supply, sanitation and hygiene education remains relatively low both in the urban and rural areas in developing countries. The main aim of the study was to get an overview of the condition of the water and sanitary facilities in schools and of hygiene education. The method of investigation involved systematic random sampling with the use of questionnaires and interviews with the students and teachers and onsite inspection of the sanitation facilities available within the schools. The results revealed that 24% of schools used W/C while 76% of schools used pit toilets, of which 88% were ordinary pit toilets and 12% VIP. The number of toilets within the schools ranged between 0 and 14 revealing a 185:1 student to toilet ratio within the study area, but ranged widely from 83:1 to 510:1 between schools. The study, however, revealed the absence of wash hand basins in 77% of the schools and no soap in 88% of the schools with wash hand basins. Investing in clean water, sanitation and hygiene education in these public schools should become a priority for governments in developing countries and School Sanitation and Hygiene Education program (SSHE) should be adopted and implemented across schools in Nigeria.
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Rohmah, Jamilatur, Siti Cholifah, and Vanda Rezania. "Pelatihan Higiene dan Sanitasi Makanan pada Pedagang Makanan di Kantin SD." LOYALITAS, Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2019): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.30739/loyal.v2i2.473.
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The school canteen has an important role to fulfill the food needs of school children. In general, foods that are sold in canteens have very diverse variations, with prices relatively cheap and easily accessible to school children. The need for fulfillment of hygienic foods is ordered by the factors of place and hygiene of the food handlers need to be done. Foods that do not meet the requirements and safety that can be given due to health problems or diseases related to food such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhus, and other food poisoning. The number of food handlers in the cafeteria of SD Muhammadiyah 1 and 2 Sidoarjo competes 6 people. Based on the results of observations and interviews, they did not have sufficient educational background in terms of hygiene and food sanitation, and they never gained knowledge about food hygiene and sanitation. This will greatly determine the quality of food provided to consumers especially elementary school children. Based on this, the Community Service activities on hygiene training and food sanitation were carried out at food handlers in the cafeteria of Muhammadiyah 1 and 2 elementary schools in Sidoarjo.
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Garn, Joshua V., Leslie E. Greene, Robert Dreibelbis, Shadi Saboori, Richard D. Rheingans, and Matthew C. Freeman. "A cluster-randomized trial assessing the impact of school water, sanitation and hygiene improvements on pupil enrolment and gender parity in enrolment." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 4 (June 10, 2013): 592–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.217.
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We employed a cluster-randomized trial design to measure the impact of a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) improvement on pupil enrolment and on gender parity in enrolment, in primary schools in Nyanza Province, Kenya (2007–2009). Among schools with poor water access during the dry season, those that received a water supply, hygiene promotion and water treatment (HP&WT) and sanitation improvement demonstrated increased enrolment (β = 0.091 [0.009, 0.173] p = 0.03), which translates to 26 additional pupils per school on average. The proportion of girls enrolled in school also increased by 4% (prevalence ratio (PR) = 1.04 [1.00, 1.07] p = 0.02). Among schools with better baseline water access during the dry season (schools that did not receive a water source), we found no evidence of increased enrolment in schools that received a HP&WT intervention (β = 0.016 [–0.039, 0.072] p = 0.56) or the HP&WT and sanitation intervention (β = 0.027 [–0.028, 0.082] p = 0.34), and there was no evidence of improved gender parity (PR = 0.99 [0.96, 1.02] p = 0.59, PR = 1.00 [0.97, 1.02] p = 0.75, respectively). Our findings suggest that increased school enrolment and improved gender parity may be influenced by a comprehensive WASH programme that includes an improved water source; schools with poor water access during the dry season may benefit most from these interventions.
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Ncube, France, Artwell Kanda, Maude Chahwanda, Margaret Macherera, and Bigboy Ngwenya. "Predictors of hand hygiene behaviours among primary and secondary school children in a rural district setting in Zimbabwe: a cross-sectional epidemiologic study." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, no. 4 (October 22, 2020): 851–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.126.
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Abstract Hand hygiene is one of the most effective and efficient ways of controlling faecal–oral diseases. However, little is known about the predictors of hand hygiene behaviours among school children. A predesigned checklist guide was used to observe hygiene behaviours of 460 pupils from four rural schools in Shamva South district, Zimbabwe. A pretested questionnaire was administered to obtain demographic data of the observed school children. Membership of a Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) club, age, gender and the level of education were associated with hand hygiene practices (p < 0.05). The findings indicated that investing in hand hygiene behaviour change processes among school children using the promotion, formation, resuscitation and empowerment of WASH clubs in schools is important in disease prevention among communities in developing countries.
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McMichael, Celia. "Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) in Schools in Low-Income Countries: A Review of Evidence of Impact." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 3 (January 28, 2019): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16030359.
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Many schools in low-income countries have inadequate access to water facilities, sanitation and hygiene promotion. A systematic review of literature was carried out that aimed to identify and analyse the impact of water, sanitation and hygiene interventions (WASH) in schools in low-income countries. Published peer reviewed literature was systematically screened during March to June 2018 using the databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Science Direct, and Google Scholar. There were no publication date restrictions. Thirty-eight peer reviewed papers were identified that met the inclusion criteria. The papers were analysed in groups, based on four categories of reported outcomes: (i) reduction of diarrhoeal disease and other hygiene-related diseases in school students; (ii) improved WASH knowledge, attitudes and hygiene behaviours among students; (iii) reduced disease burden and improved hygiene behaviours in students’ households and communities; (iv) improved student enrolment and attendance. The typically unmeasured and unreported ‘output’ and/or ‘exposure’ of program fidelity and adherence was also examined. Several studies provide evidence of positive disease-related outcomes among students, yet other assessments did not find statistically significant differences in health or indicated that outcomes are dependent on the nature and context of interventions. Thirteen studies provide evidence of changes in WASH knowledge, attitudes and behaviours, such as hand-washing with soap. Further research is required to understand whether and how school-based WASH interventions might improve hygiene habits and health among wider family and community members. Evidence of the impact of school-based WASH programs in reducing student absence from school was mixed. Ensuring access to safe and sufficient water and sanitation and hygiene promotion in schools has great potential to improve health and education and to contribute to inclusion and equity, yet delivering school-based WASH intervention does not guarantee good outcomes. While further rigorous research will be of value, political will and effective interventions with high program fidelity are also key.
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Vally, McMichael, Doherty, Li, Guevarra, and Tobias. "The Impact of a School-Based Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Intervention on Knowledge, Practices, and Diarrhoea Rates in the Philippines." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 4056. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214056.
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A school-based water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) intervention in the Philippines was evaluated. Students and households from four schools that received the WASH intervention (intervention schools) were compared with four schools that had not (comparison schools). Knowledge of critical handwashing times was high across all schools, but higher in intervention schools. Students reported higher rates of handwashing after toilet use (92% vs. 87%; RR = 1.06; p = 0.003) and handwashing with soap (83% vs. 60%; RR = 1.4; p < 0.001) in intervention versus comparison schools. In intervention schools, 89% of students were directly observed to handwash after toilet use versus 31% in comparison schools (RR = 2.84; p < 0.0001). Observed differences in handwashing with soap after toilet use were particularly marked (65% vs. 10%; RR = 6.5; p < 0.0001). Reported use of school toilets to defecate (as opposed to use of toilet elsewhere or open defecation) was higher among intervention versus comparison schools (90% vs. 63%; RR = 1.4; p < 0.001). Multilevel modelling indicated that students from intervention schools reported a 10-fold reduction in odds (p < 0.001) of school absence due to diarrhoea. In addition to school-based findings, self-reported handwashing at critical times was found to be higher among household members of students from intervention schools. This school-based WASH program appeared to increase knowledge and hygiene behaviours of school students, reduce absences due to diarrhoea, and increase handwashing at critical times among household members.
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Anand, Deepak, and Shiv Prakash. "Assessment of the hygiene and sanitation practices of students of class VI to IX in urban government inter college at Allahabad district, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 3870. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20183428.
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Background: Hygiene and sanitation practices directly affect health status, and students can be easily educated for correct practices, which can be a cheap and effective measure for disease prevention, also it will reduce absenteeism due to illness in schools. This research paper was designed to assess the factors influencing hygiene and sanitation practices among school children.Methods: It is a cross-sectional descriptive study, sample size was 400. Data was collected between August 2017 and December 2017 by using structured questionnaire on general hygiene and sanitation practices.Results: It was found that only 61.5% of students wash their hand before meals, merely 16.75% of them were practicing proper dental hygiene, 41.25% of them clean genitals properly, whereas 52.25% students daily consumes food from vendors. Significant difference in sanitation and hygiene practices was found regarding education of father, education of mother and socioeconomic status.Conclusions: Hygiene and sanitation practices among students are not satisfactory and there is scope for improvement.
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Bolatova, Zhanerke, Kamshat Tussupova, Berik Toleubekov, Kanat Sukhanberdiyev, Kulyash Sharapatova, and Martin Stafström. "Challenges of Access to WASH in Schools in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: Case Study from Rural Central Kazakhstan." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 13, 2021): 9652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189652.
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Safe water and sanitation, which give rise to appropriate hygiene, are fundamental determinants of individual and social health and well-being. Thereby, assessing and widening access to sustainable, durable water and sanitation infrastructure remains a global health issue. Rural areas are already at a disadvantage. Poor access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) can have a major negative effect on students in rural schools. Thus, the paper aims to assess the current condition and the challenge to access WASH in rural Kazakh schools. The study was conducted in three rural schools in Central Kazakhstan. Data were gathered through a survey among pupils, observations of the WASH infrastructure and maintenance, and a face-to-face interview with school administrators. The mean survey response rate was 65% across schools. Results indicated there was no alternative drinking-water source in schools, and 15% of students said they had access to water only occasionally. Half of the students reported that the water was unsafe to drink because of a poor odor, taste, or color. The toilet in school 3 was locked with a key, and a quarter of the students reported there was no access to a key. Moreover, not having gender-separated toilet facilities was a challenge because of the traditional gender norms. Despite the effective regulations and measures of handwashing taken during COVID-19, 27.7% of the students answered that soap was not offered daily in classrooms. Additionally, warm water was only provided in school 2. About 75% of students did not have access to drying materials continuously. The study shows that having the schools’ infrastructure is not enough when characteristics, such as availability, accessibility, maintenance, operation, quality of services, education, and practices, are ignored. Cooperation between local education authorities, school administration, and parents should be encouraged to the achievement of the sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030.
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Chavan, Vishwajeet Manohar, and Girish Manohar Chavan. "School health performance score: a comparative study between rural and urban school performance." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 6 (May 22, 2018): 2421. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182170.
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Background: Safe, secure and healthy environment for children to learn better and face the challenges of future life can be achieved by school sanitation and hygiene education. The objective of the study was to study School health performance score and compare between rural and urban school performance.Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out. It included randomly selected 46 rural schools and 11 urban schools. Both the school was compared in terms of school health services parameters.Results: In our study, 33854 students in total were enrolled from 46 rural schools as compared 9904 students from 11 urban schools. Mean number of students per school was noted to be 735.95±303.72 in rural schools and 900.36±172.83 students in urban schools. From the 46 rural school teachers, 7 teachers had semi-English as their mode of teaching as compared to 39 teachers whose mode of teaching was Marathi; while all the 11 urban school teachers taught their students only in Marathi.Conclusions: It was found that the school performance score overall as well as on individual item studies was significantly better in urban schools than the rural schools.
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Supriadi, Supriadi, and Emilia Chandra. "PENERAPAN HYGIENE DAN SANITASI DI PONDOK PESANTREN AS’AD SEBERANG KOTA JAMBI TAHUN 2016." Jurnal Ilmiah Universitas Batanghari Jambi 18, no. 1 (February 15, 2018): 132. http://dx.doi.org/10.33087/jiubj.v18i1.441.
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Various diseases based environment that is often a problem in General "as scabies, diarrhea, RESPIRATORY, caused by a less healthy environments in boarding schools ("). This research aims to gain an overview of the application of the Hygiene Sanitary boarding schools Usa, ad in the town of Jambi. The method of this research uses descriptive design answered the question question about who, what, when, where and how the interconnectedness with particular research. Data analysis analyzes the data Union variat and presented in tabular form then analyzed are descriptive. This research makes a picture about the State of Hygiene and sanitation of U.s. boarding schools, ad opposite the city of Jambi. The research results obtained that the application of Hygiene and sanitation in the US boarding schools, ad is still low and the students Knowledge about Hygiene and sanitation at boarding schools. It is suggested the necessity of understanding the material about basic sanitation to students and Personnel needed to improve sanitation sanitation conditions in boarding schools across the city of Jambi As'adKey words: boarding schools, Hygiene and sanitation
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Aniruddh, Ranga, and Majra J. P. "Environmental and water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in schools: a community-based cross-sectional study from North India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2021): 552. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20210441.
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Background: Schools environment is essential for children to achieve optimal health and development. Faulty construction leads to inadequate ventilation and moisture accumulation which increase the levels of morbidities. Schools should also serve as demonstration centres of good sanitation to the community hence healthful environment and functional toilets and WASH facilities are of utmost importance for school children.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study includes randomly selected 50 schools of Sonepat district which were functional for more than 5 years. Schools were recruited by PPS. A schedule was used to assess the environment and WASH conditions. Percentage, proportion and Chi-square test were used as statistical methods. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: 68.4% government schools and 51.6% private schools were located in a rural area. 68% schools were having multi-storied building, 72% schools were located at appropriate land. Ventilation was inadequate in 58% schools while all schools were having adequate lighting. Ergonomically sitting facilities were observed in one school only. Water treatment was done in 68% schools. Toilets were adequate in 58% schools but cleaning was done daily in 46% schools. Handwashing points were available in 96% schools but soap was observed in 10.4% schools only. Garbage disposal was observed to be sanitary in 52% schools while liquid waste disposal was sanitary in 44% schools.Conclusions: The study points towards deficiency of environment and WASH conditions in schools and recommends the school authorities to take corrective measures.
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Utpat, Nikita J., and Rahul R. Bogam. "Effect of ‘SMART health education model’ on knowledge and attitudes of school students in rural area about ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan of India’ and sanitation practices." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 2 (January 25, 2017): 582. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20170294.
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Background: India has been facing various sanitation problems like open defecation, insanitary toilets, improper waste disposal, manual scavenging etc. Poor sanitation in schools, particularly rural schools are health hazards and affects school attendance, retention and educational performance. Several studies reported poor knowledge about sanitation practices among school students in India, so there is need to inculcate good sanitation practices among them. ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’ is national level health campaign of India which was launched on 2nd October 2014. The present study was first study to create awareness among school students about ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’ as well as sanitation practices through ‘SMART Health Education Model’.Methods: An interventional study was conducted in one of the randomly selected public schools in rural field practice area of Bharati Vidyapeeth University Medical College, Pune. The study participants were 100 students belonging to 5th and 6th class and they were exposed to structured ‘SMART Health Education Model’. Entire data from pre and post intervention questionnaire was entered into ‘Microsoft Office Excel Sheet’ and analysed by using ‘Paired t test’.Results: Significant improvement in knowledge about sanitation practices was found after applying ‘SMART Model’ (Pre-test mean marks: 4.17, post-test mean marks: 9.52, t = 24.31, p<0.001). The study reported favourable attitudes of participants towards ‘Swachh Bharat Abhiyan’.Conclusions: It indicates that even a simple intervention like ‘SMART Model’ can make significant change in knowledge of school students about personal and environmental hygiene.
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Duijster, Denise, Helen Buxton, Habib Benzian, Jed Dimaisip-Nabuab, Bella Monse, Catherine Volgenant, and Robert Dreibelbis. "Impact of a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene programme on children’s independent handwashing and toothbrushing habits: a cluster-randomised trial." International Journal of Public Health 65, no. 9 (November 3, 2020): 1699–709. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00038-020-01514-z.
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Abstract Objectives To explore whether a school-based water, sanitation and hygiene programme, which includes group hygiene activities, contributes to the formation of independent handwashing and toothbrushing habits among Filipino children. Methods In this cluster-randomised trial, twenty primary schools were randomly allocated to the intervention or control arm. Intervention schools received group handwashing facilities and implemented daily group handwashing and toothbrushing activities. A soap use to toilet event ratio was calculated to measure children’s independent handwashing behaviour after toilet use, and dental plaque accumulation on Monday morning was measured as a proxy indicator for children’s independent toothbrushing behaviour at home. Results Four months after implementation, handwashing and toothbrushing behaviours did not significantly differ between intervention and control schools. The mean soap use in intervention schools and control schools was 0.41 g and 0.30 g per toilet event, respectively (p = 0.637). Compared to baseline, mean plaque scores reduced by 4.2% and 3.5% in intervention and control schools, respectively (p = 0.857). Conclusions Although health benefits have been established, school-based group handwashing and toothbrushing may not be sufficient to increase children’s uptake of independent hygiene behaviours.
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Kouakou, Julie Sackou, Marie Laure Tiadé, Pulchérie Kiki Barro, Jérôme Kouamé, Mariette Gokpeya Bediakon, Aka Angèle Desquith, and Luc Kouadio. "Factors influencing personal hygiene among primary schoolchildren in western Côte d'Ivoire." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 11, no. 4 (April 30, 2021): 687–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2021.265.
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Abstract Personal hygiene has an impact on the health, quality of life and academic performance of schoolchildren. The factors associated with it can be complex. We carried out our analysis based on a database on hookworms in schoolchildren in Côte d'Ivoire. This is a cross-sectional retrospective study, on 2,035 schoolchildren recruited from 30 schools in the western region of Côte d'Ivoire. The predictors of good personal hygiene for schoolchildren were the existence of a good level of sanitation at home (OR = 1.62; 95% CI = 1.24–2.13) and a primary school education as the minimum level of education for the father (OR = 1.48; 95% CI = 1.12–1.96). In contrast, students below the age of ten attending poor sanitary establishments are more likely to have poor personal hygiene (OR = 0.40; 95% CI = 0.22–0.73); therefore, it becomes necessary to provide good basic environmental sanitation for families and schools.
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Antwi-Agyei, Prince, Anyitike Mwakitalima, Amour Seleman, Filemoni Tenu, Theresia Kuiwite, Stephen Kiberiti, and Elisa Roma. "Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in schools: results from a process evaluation of the National Sanitation Campaign in Tanzania." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 7, no. 1 (February 14, 2017): 140–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2017.159.
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This study assesses the intermediate outcomes of the Tanzania National Sanitation Campaign (NSC) for schools. A cross-sectional study was designed as part of a process evaluation of the NSC in Tanzania on 70 primary schools and 54 regional and district education officers. Data was collected between August and December 2014 using questionaires, key informant interviews, and desk studies. The results showed that only 50% of schools met the Tanzania guideline of 50 boys per drop hole, while 43% met the guideline of 40 girls per drop hole. In addition, 53% of schools had a reliable water supply, 43% had some functional handwashing stations, but only 29% and 19% had water and soap available at the stations, respectively. Overall, the implementation of the NSC in schools was found to be effective, though poor planning and coordination, inadequate funding, and low technical capacity were identified as barriers to achieve the intended objectives. The study recommends stronger and coordinated stakeholder partnerships with clearly defined roles including cost sharing. Government and other stakeholders should also consider the impact of increasing funding for both software and hardware components to improve the enabling environment, and to develop a standardised monitoring mechanism for sustainable school water, sanitation and hygiene.
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Valitov, Aleksandr A., I. S. Tomilov, and D. Yu Fedotova. "Sanitation and hygiene school schools in Tobolsk province in the end of XIX century." Hygiene and sanitation 95, no. 3 (October 28, 2019): 273–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2016-95-3-273-280.
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In the article there is considered the history of the development of sanitary and hygienic standards in school institutions of Tobolsk province in the late XIX century. In comparative terms there is characterized the presented in that period the legal framework regulating of abidance by hygienic and sanitary standards in educational institutions. There was executed an careful analysis of hygienic conditions on the example of the Tobolsk male gymnasium with a comparison of similar conditions in another Siberian educational/childcare institution - the Yenisei female progymnasium. The main sources in the study were reports of educators: I. Gursky - about hygienic living conditions of the inmates of the Tobolsk gymnasium and P.M. Golovachev - about sanitary conditions in the Yenisei female gymnasium. Contemporaries paid a great attention to such health and safety standards as heating, ventilation, lighting, capacity of classrooms and boarding facilities, the violation of which led to a deterioration in the health of students and the growth of the epidemics in mention educational institutions
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Cha, Yu-E., Yuan-Zheng Fu, and Wei Yao. "Knowledge, Practice of Personal Hygiene, School Sanitation, and Risk Factors of Contracting Diarrhea among Rural Students from Five Western Provinces in China." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 18 (September 9, 2021): 9505. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18189505.
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Background: Diarrhea is a global public health issue and a leading cause of childhood malnutrition, growth disturbances, and mortality. The spread of diarrhea is closely linked to the knowledge and maintenance of personal hygiene and quality of drinking water and sanitation facilities. However, there are few such investigations and analysis in rural areas of China. This study aims to determine the association between the risk of contracting diarrhea and knowledge and practices of personal hygiene and school sanitation among rural students as well as provide a scientific basis for preventing the spread of diarrhea and other infectious diseases. A stratified cluster sampling method was used to randomly select 12 rural primary schools in each of 5 counties where the Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) Plus Program has been implemented. The counties are located in the Guangxi Zhuang autonomous region, Chongqing municipality, Guizhou province, Yunnan province, and Xinjiang Uygur autonomous region. A single fourth-grade class was randomly chosen from each of the 60 schools for observation and a questionnaire survey. The study involved a total of 2330 students. The logistic regression method was adopted to determine the factors contributing to diarrhea in rural students. The results show that male students accounted for 49.40% (n = 1151) of the 2330 research subjects; the average age of the students was 9.9 ± 0.3 years. Approximately 33.09% of the students suffered from diarrhea in the three months leading up to the survey. The odds ratios (ORs) of students who did not know that “diarrhea can be prevented by washing fruits before eating them raw and not drinking untreated water” (OR: 1.303, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.063, 1.597) and that “the disease can be prevented by washing hands before meals and after going to the toilet” (OR: 1.522, 95% CI: 1.207, 1.920) were higher than those who knew the above stated facts. Students who “have drunk untreated water at school” (OR: 1.584, 95% CI: 1.268, 1.978), “have drunk untreated water at home” (OR: 1.643, 95% CI: 1.319, 2.048), and “did not wash hands before every meal” (OR: 1.490, 95% CI: 1.120, 1.983) were at a higher risk of contracting diarrhea than those who drank treated water at school and at home and washed their hands before every meal. Diarrhea was more likely to affect students who attended schools with unclean and poorly maintained toilets (OR: 1.586, 95% CI: 1.261, 1.995) or toilets with flies (OR: 1.383, 95% CI: 1.114, 1.717) and without adequate drinking water facilities (OR: 1.407, 95% CI: 1.009, 1.962). The knowledge of methods to maintain personal hygiene, general hygiene practices, and school sanitation are the three major risk factors that account for the spread of diarrhea among rural students from five western provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) of China. Therefore, to prevent such diseases and maintain health, it is important to provide students with health education, help them develop good hygiene habits, ensure the provision of clean water at schools, and improve the overall school environments.
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Habtegiorgis, Yohannes, Tadesse Sisay, Helmut Kloos, Asmamaw Malede, Melaku Yalew, Mastewal Arefaynie, Yitayish Damtie, et al. "Menstrual hygiene practices among high school girls in urban areas in Northeastern Ethiopia: A neglected issue in water, sanitation, and hygiene research." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): e0248825. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248825.
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Background Poor menstrual hygiene practices influence school girls’ dignity, well-being and health, school-absenteeism, academic performance, and school dropout in developing countries. Despite this, menstrual hygienic practices are not well understood and have not received proper attention by school WASH programs. Therefore, this study examined the extent of good menstrual hygiene practices and associated factors among high school girls in Dessie City, Amhara Region, northeastern Ethiopia. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was employed to examine 546 randomly selected high school students in Dessie City, northeastern Ethiopia. Pretested interviewer-administered questionnaires and a school observational checklist were used for data collection. EpiData Version 4.6 and the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences Version 25.0 were used for data entry and analysis, respectively. Bivariate and multivariable logistics regression analyses were employed to identify factors associated with good menstrual hygiene practices. During bivariable analysis, variables with P-values less than 0.25 were retained for multivariable analysis. In the multivariable analysis, variables with a P-value less than 0.05 were declared to be significantly associated with good menstrual hygiene practices. Results Of the respondents, 53.9% (95% CI [49.6, 58.2]) reported good menstrual hygiene practices. The following factors were found to be significantly associated with good menstrual hygiene practices: age range 16–19 years (AOR = 1.93, 95% CI: [1.22–3.06]); school grade level 10 (AOR = 1.90, 95% CI: [1.18–3.07]); maternal education (primary) (AOR = 3.72, 95% CI: [1.81–7.63]), maternal education (secondary) (AOR = 8.54, 95% CI: [4.18–17.44]), maternal education (college) (AOR = 6.78, 95% CI: [3.28–14.02]) respectively]; having regular menses [AOR = 1.85, 95% CI: (1.03–3.32); good knowledge regarding menstruation (AOR = 2.02, 95% CI: [1.32–3.09]); discussing menstrual hygiene with friends (AOR = 1.79, 95% CI: [1.12–2.86]), and obtaining money for pads from the family (AOR = 2.08, 95% CI: [1.15–3.78]). Conclusion We found that more than half of high school girls had good menstrual hygiene practices. Factors significantly associated with good menstrual hygiene practices include high school girls age 16–18 years, girls grade level 10, maternal education being completed primary, secondary and college level, having regular menses, good knowledge regarding menstruation, discussing menstrual hygiene with friends and obtaining money for pads from the family. Therefore, educating of high school student mothers about MHP should be a priority intervention area to eliminate the problem of menstrual hygiene among daughters. Furthermore, in order to improve the MHP among high school girls, further attention is needed to improving knowledge regarding menstruation among high school girls, encouraging high school girls’ families to support their daughters by buying sanitary pads and promoting discussions among friends about menstrual hygiene. Schools need to focus on making the school environment conducive to managing menstrual hygiene by increasing awareness of safe MHP and providing adequate water/sanitation facilities.
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BORGES-PEDRO, João Paulo, Patricia MÜLLER, Andreza Pinheiro NUNES, and Maria Cecilia R. L. GOMES. "Assessment of WASH scenarios in urban and rural schools of a small city in the Brazilian Amazon." Acta Amazonica 48, no. 1 (March 2018): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201600263.
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ABSTRACT This study analyzed environmental aspects of county and state managed public schools within Tefé county in the Brazilian Amazon, using the WASH concept (Water, Sanitation and Hygiene) developed by UNICEF and OMS. WASH is a strategy used since 1995, when child mortality rates were on the rise. Research was conducted using a questionnaire applied to employees of 19 primary and secondary schools, and based on WASH principles. After its application, we used an observation checklist to assess the state of the schools’ physical structure. We also conducted water quality analyses. All schools presented water contamination with total coliforms and 26% did not conduct any type of water treatment. The number of toilets in all schools was insufficient, and 47% of schools presented bathroom irregularities. The presence of flies was observed in 52%, and the accumulation of rubbish in 31% of the schools. This study demonstrates an emerging need to improve issues of water, sanitation, and hygiene in Tefé schools in order to minimize the risk of illness, which influences school routines and individual learning processes. We suggest greater investments in and care of educational institutions, stemming from both public policies and the mobilization of the local population around these issues.
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Bigson, Kate, Edward Ken Essuman, and Comfort Worna Lotse. "Food Hygiene Practices at the Ghana School Feeding Programme in Wa and Cape Coast Cities." Journal of Environmental and Public Health 2020 (May 12, 2020): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/9083716.
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Objective. The integrity and the wholesomeness of the food served to school pupils cannot be overlooked, especially when one considers the magnitude of health and sanitation issues that are plaguing the West African nations. This study aimed to investigate some of the personal hygiene practices by the pupils and the hygienic conditions in which food is cooked and served to these school-going children under the Ghana School Feeding Programme (GSFP). Design. A cross-sectional and descriptive survey research designs were used in the study. Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were employed in selecting participants. Participants. There were 720 respondents for the study, comprising 600 pupils, 60 teachers, and 60 kitchen staff members from 20 schools. Information was obtained using questionnaire, observation, and unstructured interview instruments. Results. Findings from the study revealed that the majority of pupils (92% in Wa and 65% in Cape Coast) did not wash their hands with soap under running water. No hand washing centers for pupils were also seen in most of the schools studied. Majority of the cooks did not have health certificate, and neither had attended any in-service training in two years. In both Wa and Cape Coast municipal schools, none of the kitchen staff admitted that pupils and teachers ever complained about the meals they served to the pupils. Conclusion. The GSFP in basic schools forms part of the integral diet of the school children; hence, provision of good quality food can affect the health, learning, and physical activities of these children. Observational checklist revealed that most of the kitchen staff do not strictly adhere to basic food hygiene practices, and this affects the wholesomeness of the food served to the children. There is, therefore, a need for kitchen staff training on hygiene and food preparation practices.
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Charles Shapu, Ruth, Suriani Ismail, Poh Ying Lim, Norliza Ahmad, and Ibrahim Abubakar Njodi. "Effectiveness of Health Education Intervention on Water Sanitation and Hygiene Practice among Adolescent Girls in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Borno State, Nigeria: A Cluster Randomised Control Trial." Water 13, no. 7 (April 3, 2021): 987. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13070987.
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Poor water sanitation and hygiene practice can be associated with increased morbidity and mortality. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of health education intervention using information, motivation and a behavioural skill model on water sanitation and hygiene (WASH) practice among adolescent girls in Maiduguri Metropolitan Council, Borno State, Nigeria. A school-based cluster randomized control trial was conducted among 417 adolescent girls (10 to 19 years old) in four schools. The KoBo collect toolbox was used for data collection from October 2019 to March 2020. The chi-squared test was used to compare the baseline differences between intervention and control groups for WASH practice. A generalized estimating equation was used to assess changes from baseline, post intervention and follow up. There was significant interaction for WASH practice during follow up. Religion, place of residence, monthly income and occupation of mother had a statistically significant effect on WASH practice among adolescent girls. Findings revealed that this health education intervention was effective in improving water sanitation and hygiene practice among adolescent girls. Furthermore, religion, place of residence, monthly income and occupation of mother were found to be associated with water sanitation and hygiene practice.
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Edoror, Faith I., Elizabeth O. Oloruntoba, and Shade J. Akinsete. "Knowledge and perception of the role of water, sanitation and hygiene in containment of Ebola virus disease among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 9, no. 4 (July 29, 2019): 635–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2019.132.
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Abstract This study assessed the knowledge and perception of the role of water supply, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in the containment of Ebola virus disease (EVD) among secondary school students in Ibadan, Nigeria. A cross-sectional study of 420 students from eight schools (public and private) in Ibadan was conducted. A semi-structured questionnaire and an observational checklist were used to collect data. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics, Chi-square test and logistic regression at 5% level of significance. Overall, 60% reported EVD was airborne. A majority (71%) of the respondents had good knowledge of EVD, while a majority (92%) had a good perception of the role of WASH in EVD containment. Class of respondents was significantly (p = 0.045) associated with knowledge of WASH. Although schools had satisfactory sanitary facilities, only a few (21%) sustained good hygiene practices at the end of the Ebola outbreak in Nigeria. Our findings revealed suboptimal knowledge on transmission of EVD, and unsustainable hygiene practices among secondary students post-Nigeria's EVD outbreak. High priority should be given to hygiene education among educators and students. Implementation of monitoring and evaluation of hygiene behaviour among secondary school students should also be a priority.
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Abrahams, Belinda. "Malawi's school sanitation and hygiene promotion project." Waterlines 21, no. 2 (October 2002): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2002.058.
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Alexander, Kelly, Alex Mwaki, Dorothy Adhiambo, Malaika Cheney-Coker, Richard Muga, and Matthew Freeman. "The Life-Cycle Costs of School Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Access in Kenyan Primary Schools." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 13, no. 7 (June 27, 2016): 637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph13070637.
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Thimoteo Da Cunha, Diogo, Elke Stedefeldt, and Veridiana Vera De Rosso. "The use of health risk scores and classification in food service." British Food Journal 116, no. 5 (April 28, 2014): 753–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-08-2012-0209.
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Purpose – The aim of this study was to evaluate the good manufacturing practices in meal services in public schools and day care centres in Baixada Santista, Brazil using a health risk classification. Design/methodology/approach – A total of 59 public schools and day care centres in nine municipalities of Baixada Santista – Brazil were randomly selected. The sanitary conditions were evaluated by applying a validated checklist specific to school meal service. The questions were scored according to the health risks detected. A percentage of conformity to good manufacturing practices was calculated, than schools and day care centres were classified according to health risk in relation to the scores obtained for each thematic area addressed in the checklist and in relation to the overall score. Findings – It was observed that 62 per cent of the schools were classified as average health risk failing to comply with Brazilian legislation on food safety rules. The thematic areas that showed lower percentage of conformity to good manufacturing practices were: hand hygiene (33.9 per cent), pest control (3.4 per cent), food handlers (62.4 per cent) and food hygiene (65.4 per cent). The school meal service of day care centres presented higher conformity in the hand hygiene (p<0.01) and the environmental sanitation (p<0.05) than elementary schools. Practical implications – The data observed in our study highlight the need of an effective system to monitor and evaluate the hygienic sanitary conditions in Brazil. The implementation of HACCP system may be an option with good potential to produce safer meals in school environment, nevertheless, the prerequisite program must be implemented first. Professionals with expertise in food safety can act as consultants to the school meal service and may use the data from this study as a benchmark for interventions. Originality/value – This paper contain new information related the state food safety practices of Brazilian school meal service. It also presents the use of scores to determine risk. The use of health risk is a novel way to evaluate the food safety practices in school meals facilitating the implementation of corrective measures.
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Kouamé, Parfait K., Anaïs Galli, Maryna Peter, Georg Loss, Diarassouba Wassa, Bassirou Bonfoh, Jürg Utzinger, and Mirko S. Winkler. "Access to Water and Sanitation Infrastructures for Primary Schoolchildren in the South-Central Part of Côte d’Ivoire." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (August 23, 2021): 8863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168863.
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In rural settings of Côte d’Ivoire, access to water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) at schools is often lacking. The purpose of this study was to assess the availability, quality, and use of WASH infrastructure in schools in the south-central part of Côte d’Ivoire, and to determine the hygiene practices of schoolchildren. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 20 primary schools with (n = 10) or without (n = 10) direct access to drinking water. The survey was comprised of a questionnaire directed at schoolchildren aged 8–17 years, an assessment of the WASH infrastructure, and the testing of drinking water samples for Escherichia coli and total coliforms. Overall, 771 schoolchildren were enrolled in the study. One out of four children (24.9%) reported that they used available toilets. Among those children not using toilets, more than half (57.5%) reported that they practised open defecation. Drinking water infrastructure was limited in most schools because of poor storage tanks, the low flow of water, or broken wells. All drinking water samples (n = 18) tested positive for total coliforms and 15 (83.3%) tested positive for E. coli. The lack of WASH infrastructures in primary schools in the south-central part of Côte d’Ivoire, in combination with poor hygiene practices, might govern disease transmission and absenteeism at school, especially among females.
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Alexander, Kelly T., Garazi Zulaika, Elizabeth Nyothach, Clifford Oduor, Linda Mason, David Obor, Alie Eleveld, Kayla F. Laserson, and Penelope A. Phillips-Howard. "Do Water, Sanitation and Hygiene Conditions in Primary Schools Consistently Support Schoolgirls’ Menstrual Needs? A Longitudinal Study in Rural Western Kenya." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 8 (August 7, 2018): 1682. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15081682.
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Many females lack access to water, privacy and basic sanitation—felt acutely when menstruating. Water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) conditions in schools, such as access to latrines, water, and soap, are essential for the comfort, equity, and dignity of menstruating girls. Our study was nested within a cluster randomized controlled pilot feasibility study where nurses provided menstrual items to schoolgirls. We observed the WASH conditions of 30 schools from June 2012–October 2013 to see if there were any changes in conditions, to compare differences between study arms and to examine agreement between observed and teacher-reported conditions. Data came from study staff observed, and school head teacher reported, WASH conditions. We developed scores for the condition of school facilities to report any changes in conditions and compare outcomes across study arms. Results demonstrated that soap availability for students increased significantly between baseline and follow-up while there was a significant decrease in the number of “acceptable” latrines. During the study follow-up period, individual WASH indicators supporting menstruating girls, such as locks on latrine doors or water availability in latrines did not significantly improve. Advances in WASH conditions for all students, and menstrual hygiene facilities for schoolgirls, needs further support, a defined budget, and regular monitoring of WASH facilities to maintain standards.
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Hegde, Amitha M., Adrija Kar, Lekshmi R., and Minu Mathew. "Knowledge attitude and practices of oral and personal hygiene to prevent communicable diseases among students in and around the city of Mangalore. An epidemiological survey." Journal of Health and Allied Sciences NU 06, no. 02 (June 2016): 035–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0040-1708638.
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Abstract Introduction: India is undergoing an epidemiologic, demo-graphic and health transition. The expectancy of life has increased, with consequent rise in degenerative diseases of aging and lifestyles. Nevertheless, communicable diseases are still dominant and constitute major public health issues. There are several factors associated with the control of communicable diseases, such as hygiene, sanitation and safe drinking water, which are interlinked. Inadequate sanitary conditions and poor hygiene practices play major roles in the increased burden of communicable diseases. Objectives: The objectives of this study were to evaluate the knowledge about communicable diseases and practices of proper hygiene measures, among school going children in and around Mangalore, Karnataka. Methodology: A survey was conducted among the students of an English and Kannada medium school using a basic questionnaire. Results: An overall lower percentile scores were obtained by children from Kannada medium school. Conclusion: There is a definite need for intense campaigns for the promotion of good oral and personal hygiene practices better aimed at the prevention of communicable diseases in local regional language medium schools in India.
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Seidu, Abdul-Aziz, Hubert Amu, Tarif Salihu, John Elvis Hagan, Ebenezer Agbaglo, Abigail Amoah, Eric Abodey, Margaret Abokoma Boateng, and Bright Opoku Ahinkorah. "Prevalence and Factors Associated with Hygiene Behaviours among In-School Adolescents in Ghana." J 4, no. 2 (June 7, 2021): 169–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/j4020014.
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(1) Background: Despite a global call to act to resolve communicable diseases caused by lack of clean water, sanitation, and hygiene, many people in low- and middle-income countries continue to die each year. In this study, we looked at in-school adolescents’ oral and hand hygiene activities in Ghana, as well as the factors that influence them. (2) Methods: This was a cross-sectional study that utilised data on 1348 in-school adolescents from the 2012 global school-based health survey. Using Stata software version 14.2, descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. All statistical analyses were considered significant at p-value < 0.05. (3) Results: The prevalence of good hygiene behaviour was 62.6% and 79.9% for good oral hygiene and good hand hygiene, respectively. In-school adolescents who were truant were 31% (AOR = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.51–0.92) and 28% (AOR = 0.72, 95% CI = 0.54–0.87), respectively, less likely to practise good hand and oral hygiene compared to those who were not. Adolescents whose parents supervised their homework, however, had higher probabilities of practising good hand (AOR = 2.30, 95% CI = 1.64–2.31) and oral (AOR = 2.34, 95% CI = 1.80–3.04) hygiene respectively. Adolescents aged 18 years and above were 1.33 times more likely to practice good oral hygiene than younger adolescents (AOR=1.33, 95% CI = 1.07–1.66). Adolescents who were bullied had lower odds of practicing good hand hygiene (AOR = 0.70, 95% CI = 0.52–0.94). (4) Conclusions: While good hygiene behaviour remains a major strategy in decreasing the prevalence of communicable diseases, the less than 65% prevalence of hand hygiene we observed in the current study is indicative of the country’s inability to achieve water, hygiene and sanitation for all by the year 2030. To accelerate progress towards meeting the Sustainable Development Goal 6.2, there is a need for the implementation of innovative interventions which seek to promote good hygiene behaviours among adolescents and the expansion of existing interventions, such as the WASH initiative, in schools. Such interventions should focus more on younger adolescents, those who are truant, and adolescents who suffer from bullying in school.
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Merisa Damanik, Dina, Soeyoko Soeyoko, and Adi Heru Sutomo. "Sanitation of House and School, Personal Hygiene and Infection of Soil Transmitted Helminths among Elementary School Students." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v3i1.4673.
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<p>In Indonesia, soil transmitted helminths (STH) infection is still a public health problem particularly in the child of elementary school age. The high of that infection was also supported by low environmental sanitation and poor personal hygiene. STH infection is one of 10 great of frequent diseases in Palue Island and in this region still able can be found an adult worm in feces even from regurgitate. This was observational analytic study by cross sectional design. The location of the study was Palue Island, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The repondents of the study was 100 students of eight elementary school. Diagnosis of STH infection was establised based on worm eggs examination in feces used floatation method. Questionnaire, and check list were the instruments for collecting data in this study. There were significant relationship between house’s environmental sanitation (p=0.043), school’s environmental sanitation (p= 0.000), personal hygiene (p = 0.032) with STH infection among the students of elementary school in Palue Island, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Multivariate analysis obtained that personal hygiene was the most influence variable to the STH infection in this region.</p>
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Merisa Damanik, Dina, Soeyoko Soeyoko, and Adi Heru Sutomo. "Sanitation of House and School, Personal Hygiene and Infection of Soil Transmitted Helminths among Elementary School Students." International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS) 3, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/.v3i1.4673.
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<p>In Indonesia, soil transmitted helminths (STH) infection is still a public health problem particularly in the child of elementary school age. The high of that infection was also supported by low environmental sanitation and poor personal hygiene. STH infection is one of 10 great of frequent diseases in Palue Island and in this region still able can be found an adult worm in feces even from regurgitate. This was observational analytic study by cross sectional design. The location of the study was Palue Island, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. The repondents of the study was 100 students of eight elementary school. Diagnosis of STH infection was establised based on worm eggs examination in feces used floatation method. Questionnaire, and check list were the instruments for collecting data in this study. There were significant relationship between house’s environmental sanitation (p=0.043), school’s environmental sanitation (p= 0.000), personal hygiene (p = 0.032) with STH infection among the students of elementary school in Palue Island, Sikka Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. Multivariate analysis obtained that personal hygiene was the most influence variable to the STH infection in this region.</p>
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Deroo, Leslie, Elynn Walter, and Jay Graham. "Monitoring and evaluation of WASH in schools programs: lessons from implementing organizations." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 3 (July 13, 2015): 512–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2015.026.
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Increasing access to water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) in schools improves health and performance among learners. School WASH programs are being scaled-up globally, however little is known about how they are monitored and evaluated. We studied 21 organizations implementing WASH in school programs to assess monitoring and evaluation (M&E) policies and practices. Five barriers emerged: (1) logistical challenges; (2) limited staff capacity; (3) limited funding; (4) inadequate management systems; and (5) socio-political barriers. The findings highlight the need to better integrate M&E into government systems that will endure post-implementation. Further, there is a need to expand the data collected and improve the quality of national monitoring systems. This will likely require additional human and financial resources that can then translate into better planning and budgeting with the end goal of providing a hygienic environment for children to learn and grow.
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Rohmah, Jamilatur, Siti Cholifah, and Vanda Rezania. "Pelatihan Higiene dan Sanitasi Makanan pada Pedagang Makanan di Kantin Sekolah Dasar." JPM (Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat) 4, no. 1 (May 1, 2019): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21067/jpm.v4i1.3241.
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The school canteen has an important role to fulfill the food needs of school children. The need for fulfillment of hygienic foods is ordered by the factors of place and hygiene of the food handlers. Foods that do not meet the requirements and safety that can be given due to health problems or diseases related to food such as diarrhea, cholera, dysentery, typhus, and other food poisoning. The number of food handlers in the cafeteria of SD Muhammadiyah 1 and 2 Sidoarjo competes 6 people. Based on the results of observations and interviews, they did not have sufficient educational background and never gained knowledge about food hygiene and sanitation. The purpose of this PPM activity are to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and behavior of food handlers about food hygiene and sanitation so not to harm their consumers health, especially school children. The method used is a training and mentoring model for food handlers starting when preparing food, processing, and serving to customers. The results of these program can be known about changes in the knowledge and skills of food handlers in food hygiene and sanitation.
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Kumar, Manoj, and Mariëlle Snel. "School sanitation and hygiene education in Mysore District." Waterlines 19, no. 2 (October 2000): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2000.044.
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Snel, Mariëlle, and Kathleen Shordt. "School sanitation and hygiene promotion for effective learning." Waterlines 19, no. 4 (April 2001): 21–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/0262-8104.2001.023.
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Daw Khin Thet Maw. "Social mobilization for school sanitation and hygiene education." International Journal of Human Culture Studies 2015, no. 25 (January 1, 2015): 166–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.9748/hcs.2015.166.
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Taware, Sachin Arun, and Harshad Thakur. "Effectiveness of water, sanitation and hygiene-based programme on toilet etiquette and sanitation targeted at primary school children of Mumbai." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 4 (March 25, 2021): 1826. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20211241.
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Background: As per the WHO-UNICEF monitoring report 2012, around 626 million people, or half of the population of India defecate in the open; this explains the high burden of communicable diseases in developing countries like India. In this context present study attempts to assess the effectiveness of school-based awareness programme on toilette etiquettes and sanitation in primary school-going children (mean age 9.27 years.) of Mumbai city. Methods: This is a comparative, before and after study between the interventional group and the comparison group. The study was carried out between July 2016 to March 2017, end line survey was carried out approximate 3 months after programme intervention for both the groups. Stratified random sampling was used to select 3737 students in baseline and 3230 students in end line from 130 primary schools run by municipal corporation of greater Mumbai (MCGM).Results: Knowledge and attitude significantly improved in the end line than the baseline survey exorbitantly for the interventional group than the comparison group. Although the comparison group also exhibited some improvement but there was a marked difference as when compared to the interventional group.Conclusions: An innovative education cum entertainment intervention programmes on basic health and hygiene habits focused on toilette etiquettes and sanitation was conducted. This has influenced the KAP among primary school children of Mumbai city. Though individual behaviour is difficult to mould, short to medium term effects of innovative programmes like WASH are encouraging.
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Rector, Colette, Nadhira Nuraini Afifa, Varun Gupta, Abbas Ismail, Dominic Mosha, Leonard K. Katalambula, Said Vuai, et al. "School-Based Nutrition Programs for Adolescents in Dodoma, Tanzania: A Situation Analysis." Food and Nutrition Bulletin 42, no. 3 (June 14, 2021): 378–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/03795721211020715.
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Background: Tanzania has a double burden of malnutrition, including a high prevalence of undernutrition and an increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity among adolescents. Schools present a valuable opportunity to reach a large section of the country’s adolescent population with nutrition-oriented interventions. Objective: The objective of this study was to assess the current state of adolescent school nutrition interventions in Dodoma, Tanzania, with emphasis on 3 potential school-based nutrition interventions, school vegetable gardens, school meals, and education (on nutrition, agriculture, and water, sanitation, and hygiene). Methods: Focus group discussions were conducted with several regional and district-level governmental stakeholders, including health, education, and agricultural officers. Ten public secondary schools were visited, and interviews with school administrators, teachers, students, and parents were conducted. Results: All stakeholders interviewed supported interventions to improve school-based nutrition, including school gardens, school feeding, and nutrition education. All 10 schools visited had some experience providing school meals, but parents’ contributions were essential for the program’s sustainability. Most schools visited had land available for a school garden program, but water availability could be challenging during certain times of the year. The teachers interviewed expressed that the curriculum on nutrition education was highly theoretical and did not allow students to practice the knowledge and skills they learned in the classroom. Conclusions: The current school-based approach to tackling the double burden of adolescent malnutrition in Dodoma is localized and ad hoc. To leverage the potential of schools as a platform for nutrition interventions, integrated and policy-mandated interventions are needed.
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Chatterley, Christie, Karl G. Linden, and Amy Javernick-Will. "Identifying pathways to continued maintenance of school sanitation in Belize." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 3, no. 3 (April 29, 2013): 411–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2013.128.
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Despite an increasing focus on school-based water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) interventions in less-developed countries, we lack an understanding of what combinations of conditions are sufficient for their continued maintenance post-implementation. We use a novel method, qualitative comparative analysis, to determine what pathways lead to well-maintained school toilets, as an indicator of continued maintenance of WASH services. Results from 15 case schools in Belize reveal five pathways to well-maintained school sanitation, and three pathways to poorly maintained services. Common conditions in the pathways to well-maintained toilets include local involvement upfront, quality construction, and the presence of a local champion; while conditions common in the pathways to poorly maintained toilets include the absence of the aforementioned conditions, in addition to vandalism and a lack of community support for maintenance. The familiarity of the technology is as common in the pathways to well-maintained toilets as poorly maintained toilets, suggesting that though technology choice is important, quality construction and social conditions may have a stronger influence on maintenance. Qualitative information is presented to support further discussion of the six conditions, including factors linked to their presence that may support improvements in Belize and have implications for school WASH services in other low-income settings.
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Vishnupriya, S., Satish Prasad, Jyoti Bala Kasav, Kate Trout, Shruti Murthy, Krishna Mohan Surapaneni, and Ashish Joshi. "Water and sanitation hygiene knowledge, attitudes and practices among school settings in rural Chennai." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 5, no. 2 (December 18, 2014): 192–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2014.052.
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This pilot cross-sectional study was conducted to assess water and sanitation hygiene-related knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) among rural school students in Chennai, South India in September 2013. A convenient sample of 80 participants (70 children and 10 staff members) was enrolled in the study. The inclusion criteria included participants residing in rural areas and studying in a government school. A semi-structured questionnaire was used to assess sociodemographic and school characteristics and water and sanitation hygiene (WASH)-related KAP. The mean age of the students was 14 years (SD = 2) and half of them were females. The school had a government drinking water supply and did not use any water treatment/purification method. The majority of the participants had correct WASH-related knowledge. However, one-third of the students reported diarrheal episodes in the school due to unsafe drinking water. There was disparity in the response of the students compared to the staff about toilet facilities in the school. This study concluded that there is a need for multifaceted intervention that will facilitate adequate water and sanitation hygiene practices among school children through the availability of proper sanitation infrastructure and family-centered education.
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Njambi, Elizabeth, Dennis Magu, Janet Masaku, Collins Okoyo, and Sammy M. Njenga. "Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Associated Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene Risk Factors among School Children in Mwea Irrigation Scheme, Kirinyaga County, Kenya." Journal of Tropical Medicine 2020 (May 11, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3974156.
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School children bear a significant burden of intestinal parasitic infections. Because they spend most of their time at home and school, it is necessary to identify the key water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) factors associated with these infections in both environments. This was a cross-sectional survey conducted in Mwea West, Kirinyaga County. 180 primary school children aged 8–14 years were randomly selected from three schools (Mianya, Mbui Njeru, and Mukou primary schools). Questionnaires and checklists were administered and single stool samples were collected. Stool samples were microscopically examined for Schistosoma mansoni, soil-transmitted helminths, and protozoan infections. Data on WASH were obtained at home and school. The factors significantly associated with S. mansoni and intestinal protozoa infections in the school children were determined using univariable and multivariable logistic regression models reporting the odds ratio at 95% confidence intervals. The overall prevalence of S. mansoni and intestinal protozoa infections was 70.5% (95% CI: 59.1–84.3) and 32.7% (95% CI: 26.8–40.1), respectively. Only one case of STH (A. lumbricoides) was identified. The prevalence of coinfections of S. mansoni and intestinal protozoa infections was 22.8% (95% CI: 19.2–27.1). An increased prevalence of S. mansoni infection was associated with children above 12 years (aOR = 3.19, p=0.015), those in Mianya primary (aOR = 1.23, p=0.001), those in Mukou primary (aOR = 3.19, p=0.001), and reported behavior of wearing shoes at home (aOR = 1.67, p=0.010). However, handwashing behavior after defecation at home (aOR = 0.39, p=0.001) was protective against S. mansoni infection. For any protozoan infection, male children had increased odds of infection (aOR = 2.41, p=0.001) while use of wiping material (aOR = 0.55, p=0.019) and water contact (aOR = 0.32, p=0.001) was protective against intestinal protozoa infections. Infections with S. mansoni and any protozoa and their coinfection were present. Findings revealed that several hygiene factors were protective against infections while other were risk factors. Therefore, deworming should be complemented with behavior education on hygienic habits.
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Hullalli, Rashmi, M. R. Gudadinni, and Shailaja S. Patil. "Water sanitation and hygiene in the schools of rural field practice area of Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Vijayapur." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 11 (October 25, 2017): 4307. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20174849.
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Background: One of the world’s most urgent issues is lack of safe water, sanitation and hygiene. Water-related improvements are crucial to meet the development goals, reduce child mortality, and improve health in a sustainable way. The absence of WASH in schools is responsible for 20% of total deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in children. Over 440 million schools days are missed annually due to water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases. Though there are emerging vaccines for rotavirus and cholera still WASH remains critical in the prevention of diarrheal diseases, soil transmitted helminthes infections and acute respiratory diseases. Objective of the study was to study the implementation and functionality of WASH in schools.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in all the schools of rural practice area of our college by interview technique using a pre tested semi structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 7 schools, 5 (71%) had piped water supply but only 2 schools (28.5%) practiced the process of water purification every day. All the schools were provided with toilet facilities whereas only 3 schools had separate toilet for girls. When looked upon availability of soap only 3 schools had provided soap regularly for hand washing. Most of the schools taught about personal hygiene but only 2 schools revealed that they dispose solid waste regularly.Conclusions: Although nationwide emphasis is given to water sanitation and hygiene, practicing is very low especially in rural areas. Therefore special efforts should be done not only for the implantation, but also upon the operation and maintenance of the same.
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Konstantin, Tiffany, Indah Setyawati Tantular, Alpha Fardah Athiyyah, and Lynda Rossyanti. "THE CORRELATION BETWEEN WATER, SANITATION, AND HYGIENE WITH SOIL-TRANSMITTED HELMINTHS INFECTION AMONG ELEMENTARY SCHOOL CHILDREN OF ARU ISLANDS DISTRICT, MALUKU." Indonesian Journal of Public Health 16, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijph.v16i2.2021.273-284.
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ABSTRACTSoil-Transmitted Helminths (STH) infection is the most common intestinal parasite infection in Indonesia. STH infection can interfere with child development and cause cognitive impairment in severe cases. The school-age group is the most susceptible to STH infection because of direct contact with soil in the school yard. STH infection incidence can be avoided by adequate water, healthy latrines, and good hygiene and can be improved by proper interventions. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH) with STH infection in Aru Islands District, Maluku. This study used a cross-sectional design and was conducted in Elementary Schools in Karangguli and Wokam villages, Aru Islands district, Maluku. One hundred and six stool samples were collected from both villages. The sociodemographic and WASH data were collected using the interview method. Stool samples were collected and examined for STH infection using a direct smear technique on the light microscope. Data statistical analysis was performed by the SPSS program using the Chi-square or Fischer’s Exact test. The examination results showed that 73 students (68.9%) were infected with STH. The bivariate analysis showed that water source (p = 0.000002), defecation place (p = 0.002), and washing hands after defecation (p = 0.048) were all significantly correlated with STH infection. This study concluded that WASH variables which were water source, defecation place, and washing hands after defecation had a significant correlation with STH infection. Keywords: Water, Sanitation, and Hygiene (WASH); soil-transmitted helminths infection; elementary school students.
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Aschale, Awoke, Metadel Adane, Melaku Getachew, Kebede Faris, Daniel Gebretsadik, Tadesse Sisay, Reta Dewau, et al. "Water, sanitation, and hygiene conditions and prevalence of intestinal parasitosis among primary school children in Dessie City, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 2 (February 3, 2021): e0245463. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0245463.
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Background Intestinal parasitosis is a major public health problem that affects the health of primary school children in low- and middle-income countries where water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) conditions are deficient. Since there is a paucity of information on the prevalence and associated factors of this problem among primary school children in Dessie City in Ethiopia, this study was designed to address these gaps. Methods A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 stratified-sampled primary school children in five primary schools at Dessie City from April to June 2018. Data were collected using a pretested structured questionnaire, an observation checklist and laboratory analysis of stool samples. Stool specimen from each study participant was collected using clean, properly labeled and leak-proof stool cup. A portion of stool from each study participant collected sample was processed using saline wet mount technique and examined by microscope. The remaining specimens were preserved with 10% formalin and transported to Dessie Comprehensive Specialized Hospital laboratory to be processed by using formol-ether concentration technique. Then, slide smears were prepared from each processed stool specimen and finally, it was microscopically examined with 10x as well as 40x objectives for the presence or absence of intestinal parasites. Factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis were determined using binary logistic regression model at 95% CI (confidence interval). Thus, bivariate (COR [crude odds ratio]) and multivariable (AOR [adjusted odds ratio]) logistic regression analyses were carried out. From the multivariable analysis, variables having a p-value of less than 0.05 were declared as factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis among primary school children. Main findings The overall prevalence of intestinal parasitosis was found to be 16.0% (95% CI: 12.5–19.4%), of these, 50.8% were positive for protozoa, 32.2% for helminth infections and 16.9% for double co-infections. Entamoeba histolytica was the most prevalent parasite (29.2%), followed by Giardia lamblia (21.5%), Ascaris lumbricoides (18.5%), Hymenolepis nana (9.2%) and Enterobius vermicularis (4.6%). Prevalence rates were similar among government (16.3%) and private (15.7%) school children. Water consumption was less than 5 liters per capita per day in 4 of the 5 schools. Thirty-eight (9.3%) of primary school students reported that they practiced open defecation. About two-thirds (285, 70.0%) said they always washed their hands after defecation. Mother’s education (illiterate) (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.20–9.37), father’s education (illiterate) (AOR = 3.9; 95% CI: 1.40–10.82), fathers who could read and write (AOR = 3.3; 95% CI: 1.25–7.86), handwashing before meal (sometimes) (AOR = 2.2; 95% CI: 1.11–4.17) and poor knowledge of WASH (AOR = 9.3; 95% CI: 2.17–16.70) were statistically associated with presence of intestinal parasitic infections. Conclusion We concluded that the prevalence of intestinal parasitosis in the study area among Grades 4–8 primary school children had public health significance. Factors significantly associated with intestinal parasitosis among primary school children’s were illiterate mothers and fathers, irregular handwashing of children before meals, and poor knowledge of WASH. Health education to improve students’ WASH knowledge and mass deworming for parasites are recommended as preventive measures; and improvements to the quality of WASH facilities in primary schools are strongly recommended to support these measures.
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Senapathi, Pradeep, and Hemant Kumar. "A comparative study of menstrual hygiene management among rural and urban adolescent girls in Mangaluru, Karnataka." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 6 (May 22, 2018): 2548. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20182193.
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Background: Menstruation is a completely normal biological process. Yet women and girls, the world over, face numerous challenges and taboos which often portray them as inferior to men. Poor hygiene and sanitation facilities in schools cause girls to experience menstruation as shameful and uncomfortable. The objective of the study was to assess and compare the status of menstrual hygiene management among rural and urban adolescent school girls.Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was carried out from 01 September 2016 to 31 October 2016, among 244 adolescent school girls, in urban and rural field practice areas of A.J. Institute of Medical Sciences of Research, Mangaluru, Karnataka.Results: A total of 244 adolescent school girls participated in this study. Out of these, 54.17% girls were from rural, while 45.83% were from the urban school. Mean age of menarche of all the respondents was 12.61±0.81 years. Overall, 69.67% girls were aware of menstruation prior to attainment of menarche. The awareness was found to be more among urban school girls (72.32%) as compared to rural girls (67.42%). The study brings out that 49.24% of the girls in the rural school and 65.17% of the girls in urban school were using sanitary pads. ‘High cost’ was cited as the main reason for not using the sanitary pads.Conclusions: Menstrual hygiene management was found to be sub-optimal among both, urban as well as rural adolescent girls.
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., Vidyasagar, and Kashmira Jilani. "A cross sectional study on school absenteeism among female adolescents during menstruation in the rural Jharkhand." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 5 (April 24, 2020): 1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201988.
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Background: Girls especially during menstruation are likely to be affected in different ways by inadequate water, sanitation and hygiene conditions in schools, and this may contribute to unequal learning opportunities. For example, lack of adequate, separate private and secure toilets and washing facilities may discourage parents from sending girls to school. The objective of the study was to find the relation between wash facility and school absenteeism among the girls from a rural community of Jharkhand.Methods: Community based cross sectional study at the rural area among the school girls of classes 8 to 10. Pre tested semi structured questionnaire was used. Data entry at MS Excel and data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software, version 20.0.Results: The mean age at menarche was 12.13 years. At school, separate wash area for girls was present in most of the cases 228 (61.1%). About 39 (9.9%) participants did not attend school during the menstrual days. Of this 29 (74%) believed that lack of separate wash at schools was a reason.Conclusions: Presence of separate wash area for girls at school was significantly (p-value<0.001) associated with good attendance during menstruations (96%).