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Journal articles on the topic 'Schwarz D'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Shin, Heayong, Young Wook Kim, Sung-Eun Koh, Hyung Yong Lee, and Seong-Deog Yang. "Schwarz D-surfaces in Nil3." Pacific Journal of Mathematics 305, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2140/pjm.2020.305.721.

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2

Zhu, Jian-Feng. "Schwarz lemma and boundary Schwarz lemma for pluriharmonic mappings." Filomat 32, no. 15 (2018): 5385–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1815385z.

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In this paper, we first improve the boundary Schwarz lemma for holomorphic self-mappings of the unit ball Bn, and then we establish the boundary Schwarz lemma for harmonic self-mappings of the unit disk D and pluriharmonic self-mappings of Bn. The results are sharp and coincides with the classical boundary Schwarz lemma when n = 1.

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3

Lambert, N. D., and P. C. West. "D-branes in the Green-Schwarz formalism." Physics Letters B 459, no. 4 (July 1999): 515–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(99)00715-7.

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4

Ross, Marty. "Schwarz' P and D surfaces are stable." Differential Geometry and its Applications 2, no. 2 (June 1992): 179–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0926-2245(92)90032-i.

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5

Johnson, Paul J. "A New Species of Dodecacius Schwarz (Coleoptera: Elateridae) from Madre de Dios, Peru." Revista Peruana de Biología 24, no. 3 (October 28, 2017): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/rpb.v24i3.13903.

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El género Dodecacius Schwarz es revisado, incluye dos especies conocidas solamente de las laderas orientales bajas de los Andes y la Amazonia adyacente en el sureste de Perú. Se describe la nueva especie Dodecacius paititi y Dodecacius testaceus Schwarz es considerado como un nuevo sinónimo de D. nigricollis Schwarz.

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6

Kwon, Ern, Jinkee Lee, Gun Kwon, and Mi Kim. "A Refinement of Schwarz–Pick Lemma for Higher Derivatives." Mathematics 7, no. 1 (January 13, 2019): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math7010077.

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In this paper, a Schwarz–Pick estimate of a holomorphic self map f of the unit disc D having the expansion f ( w ) = c 0 + c n ( w − z ) n + … in a neighborhood of some z in D is given. This result is a refinement of the Schwarz–Pick lemma, which improves a previous result of Shinji Yamashita.

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7

ENDO, RIKA, RIE KURIKI, AKIO SUGAMOTO, and SHIN'ICHI NOJIRI. "A RULE OF THUMB DERIVATION OF BORN–INFELD ACTION FOR D-BRANES." Modern Physics Letters A 13, no. 16 (May 30, 1998): 1309–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732398001364.

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A rule of thumb derivation of the Dirac–Born–Infeld action for D-branes is studied à la Fradkin and Tseytlin, by simply integrating out of the superstring coordinates in a narrow strip attached to the D-branes. In case of superstrings, the coupling of Ramond–Ramond fields as well as the Dirac–Born–Infeld type coupling of the Neveu Schwarz–Neveu Schwarz fields come out in this way.

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8

Hull, C. M. "Gauged D = 9 supergravities and Scherk–Schwarz reduction." Classical and Quantum Gravity 21, no. 2 (December 11, 2003): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/2/014.

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9

Schrauzer, Gerhard N. "Joel D. Wallach D.V.M.: 2011 Klaus Schwarz Medallist." Biological Trace Element Research 143, no. 3 (October 5, 2011): 1219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12011-011-9203-x.

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10

SENGUPTA, SOUMITRA. "OBSERVATIONS ON SUPERSYMMETRY BREAKING BY SCHERK-SCHWARZ MECHANISM." Modern Physics Letters A 06, no. 11 (April 10, 1991): 993–1000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732391001044.

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We consider the 4-dimensional N=1 supergravity theory that emerges by generalized dimensional reduction of the d=10, N=1 supergravity coupled to E8⊗E8 super-Yang-Mills theory á la Scherk-Schwarz. It is shown that the Scherk-Schwarz mechanism leads to a spontaneously broken N=1, D=4 locally supersymmetric theory with vanishing cosmological constant only if some non-perturbative mechanism like gaugino condensation takes place in the hidden E8 sector.

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11

Huang, Ziyan, Di Zhao, and Hongyi Li. "Boundary Schwarz lemma and rigidity property for holomorphic mappings of the unit polydisc in Cn." Filomat 34, no. 9 (2020): 2813–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil2009813h.

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In this paper, we generalize the classical Schwarz lemma at the boundary from the unit disk D in the complex plane to the unit polydisc Dn in higher-dimensional complex space. Two boundary Schwarz lemmas for holomorphic mappings of Dn and corresponding rigidity properties are established without the restriction of the interior fixed point.

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12

Hamam, D., and N. Belaloui. "Ramond and Neveu–Schwarz paraspinning strings in presence of D-branes." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 08 (March 20, 2018): 1850048. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18500483.

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We investigate the theory of an open parafermionic string between two parallel Dp-, Dq-branes in Ramond and Neveu–Schwarz sectors. Trilinear commutation relations between the string variables are postulated and the corresponding ones in terms of modes are derived. The analysis of the spectrum shows that one can again have a free tachyon Neveu–Schwarz model for some values of the order of the paraquantization associated to some values of p and q. The consistency of this model requires the calculation of the partition function and its confrontation with the results of the degeneracies. A perfect agreement between the two results is obtained and the closure of the Virasoro superalgebra is confirmed.

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13

Coons, Michael. "Extension of Some Theorems of W. Schwarz." Canadian Mathematical Bulletin 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2012): 60–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4153/cmb-2011-037-9.

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AbstractIn this paper, we prove that a non–zero power series F(z) ∈ ℂ[[z]] satisfyingwhere d ≥ 2, A(z), B(z) ∈ C[z] with A(z) ≠ 0 and deg A(z), deg B(z) < d is transcendental over ℂ(z). Using this result and a theorem of Mahler’s, we extend results of Golomb and Schwarz on transcendental values of certain power series. In particular, we prove that for all k ≥ 2 the series is transcendental for all algebraic numbers z with |z| < 1. We give a similar result for . These results were known to Mahler, though our proofs of the function transcendence are new and elementary; no linear algebra or differential calculus is used.

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14

Alzer, Horst. "A refinement of the Cauchy-Schwarz inequality." Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications 168, no. 2 (August 1992): 596–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-247x(92)90182-d.

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15

Dragomir, Silvestru Sever. "Inequalities for D−Synchronous Functions and Related Functionals." Revista integración, temas de matemáticas 38, no. 2 (November 20, 2020): 119–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18273/revint.v38n2-2020005.

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We introduce in this paper the concept of quadruple D−synchronous functions which generalizes the concept of a pair of synchronous functions, we establish an inequality similar to Chebyshev inequality and we also provide some Cauchy-Bunyakovsky-Schwarz type inequalities for a functional associated with this quadruple. Some applications for univariate functions of real variable are given. Discrete inequalities are also stated.

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16

MAJUMDAR, PARTHASARATHI. "COVARIANTLY QUANTIZED D=4, N=1 GREEN-SCHWARZ SIGMA MODELS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 06, no. 04 (February 10, 1991): 599–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x91000356.

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The Batalin-Vilkovisky quantization technique is used to provide a manifestly Lorentz covariant quantization of the σ-model describing the D=4 heterotic Green-Schwarz superstring propagating in a background superpsace consisting of minimal supergravity “entangled” with a tensor multiplet. The ultraviolet finiteness properties of the one-loop effective action are shown to be identical to those obtained earlier using a manifestly non-covariant gauge-fixing condition.

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17

Andrianopoli, L., S. Ferrara, and M. A. Lledó. "Scherk–Schwarz reduction of D = 5 special and quaternionic geometry." Classical and Quantum Gravity 21, no. 19 (September 21, 2004): 4677–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/21/19/013.

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18

Mukhopadhyay, Partha. "Non-BPS D-branes in light-cone Green-Schwarz formalism." Journal of High Energy Physics 2005, no. 01 (February 2, 2005): 059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1126-6708/2005/01/059.

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19

Abbott, Michael C., Jeff Murugan, Silvia Penati, Antonio Pittelli, Dmitri Sorokin, Per Sundin, Justine Tarrant, Martin Wolf, and Linus Wulff. "T-duality of Green-Schwarz superstrings on AdS d × S d × M 10−2d." Journal of High Energy Physics 2015, no. 12 (December 2015): 1–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep12(2015)104.

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20

Bhatia, Rajendra, and Chandler Davis. "A Cauchy-Schwarz inequality for operators with applications." Linear Algebra and its Applications 223-224 (July 1995): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3795(94)00344-d.

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21

Gates, S. James, Parthasarathi Majumdar, Robert N. Oerter, and Anton E. van de Ven. "Finiteness of D = 4, N = 1 Green-Schwarz heterotic σ-models." Nuclear Physics B 319, no. 2 (June 1989): 291–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(89)90079-5.

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22

Manstein, Carl H. "Raffensperger, J. G., and Schwarz, D. Polyglyconate suture in pediatric surg." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 89, no. 3 (March 1992): 585. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199203000-00078.

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23

Depireux, Didier A., S. James Gates, Parthasarathi Majumdar, B. Radak, and S. Vashakidze. "Towards covariantly quantized D = 10 type-II Green-Schwarz σ-models." Nuclear Physics B 344, no. 1 (November 1990): 165–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(90)90687-9.

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24

Lopes Cardoso, Gabriel, and Burt A. Ovrut. "A Green-Schwarz mechanism for D = 4, N = 1 supergravity anomalies." Nuclear Physics B 369, no. 1-2 (January 1992): 351–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(92)90390-w.

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25

BELLUCCI, S. "D=10 SUPERSPACE GEOMETRY AND HETEROTIC SUPERSTRING THEORY (I)." Modern Physics Letters A 03, no. 18 (December 1988): 1775–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732388002130.

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Using a Weyl transformation in superspace, we provide a noncanonical formulation of standard D=10, N=1 supergravity, including the gauge matter sector. This formulation turns out to be ideally suited for carrying out the renormalization of the Green-Schwarz σ-model describing the D=10 heterotic string propagating in a curved background space. By reducing the superspace results to the component level, we derive the supersymmetry transformation laws for the component fields of the theory.

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26

ISAEV, A., and E. IVANOV. "ON SIGMA MODEL FORMULATION OF GREEN-SCHWARZ SUPERSTRING." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 04 (February 1989): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389000423.

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The Green-Schwarz covariant superstring action is consistently deduced as the action of the Wess-Zumino-Witten σ-model defined on the direct product of two N = 1, D = 10 Poincaré supertranslation groups. N = 2 supersymmetry of the action is shown to be related to a specific choice of the target manifold. We propose a zero curvature representation for the GS superstring field equations and interpret the local fermionic supersymmetry of the GS action as a guage symmetry preserving this representation.

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27

DAYI, ÖMER F. "THE CASALBUONI–BRINK–SCHWARZ SUPERPARTICLE WITH COVARIANT, REDUCIBLE CONSTRAINTS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 11 (April 30, 1992): 2531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92001137.

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The fermionic constraints of the massless Casalbuoni–Brink–Schwarz superparticle in d = 10 are separated covariantly as first- and second-class constraints which are infinitely reducible. Although the reducibility conditions of the second-class constraints include the first-class ones a consistent quantization is possible. The ghost structure of the system for quantizing it in terms of the BFV–BRST methods is given and unitarity is shown.

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28

GATES, S. JAMES, and J. W. DURACHTA. "GAUGE TWO-FORM IN D=4, N=4 SUPERGEOMETRY WITH SU(4) SUPERSYMMETRY." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 21 (October 20, 1989): 2007–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389002264.

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We employ a gauge two-form [Formula: see text] in place of the pseudoscalar B' to produce a version of on-shell D=4, N=4 superspace supergravity with SU(4) symmetry. The replacement is accomplished using the Chern-Simons forms associated with the six spin-1 fields of N=4 supergravity. Finally, a Green-Schwarz action is presented and the relation of the theory to the N=4, D=4 heterotic string is exhibited.

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29

CEDERWALL, MARTIN. "A NOTE ON THE RELATION BETWEEN DIFFERENT FORMS OF SUPERPARTICLE DYNAMICS." Modern Physics Letters A 09, no. 11 (April 10, 1994): 967–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732394000800.

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A formulation of D = 10 superparticle dynamics is given that contain space-time and twistor variables. The set of constraints is entirely first class, and gauge conditions may be imposed that reduce the system to a Casalbuoni-Brink-Schwarz superparticle, a spinning particle or a twistor particle.

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30

DURACHTA, J. W. "TOWARDS A CONSISTENT FOUR-DIMENSIONAL SUPERSTRING (I)." International Journal of Modern Physics A 06, no. 23 (September 30, 1991): 4133–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x91002033.

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A Kaluza-Klein “compactification” Ansatz is applied to the D=10, N=1, heterotic, Green-Schwarz superstring to produce a D=4, N=4 theory. It is demonstrated that κ symmetry is preserved under the procedure, a necessary condition for the 4D theory to retain the consistency of the 10D one. This is the first time that the Kaluza-Klein scheme has been reported to have been applied to superspace.

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31

LIU, Yang, and Shaoyu DAI. "A note on Schwarz lemma for the modulus of holomorphic mappings on d." Acta Mathematica Scientia 35, no. 1 (January 2015): 89–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0252-9602(14)60141-7.

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32

DERIGLAZOV, A. A., and D. M. GITMAN. "THE GREEN–SCHWARZ TYPE FORMULATION OF D=11S-INVARIANT SUPERSTRING AND SUPERPARTICLE ACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 17 (July 10, 1999): 2769–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9900138x.

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The manifestly Poincaré-invariant formulations for SO(1,10) and SO(2,9) superstring actions are proposed. The actions are invariant under a local fermionic κ-symmetry as well as under a number of global symmetries, which turn out to be on-shell realization of the known "new supersymmetry" S-algebra. Canonical quantization of the theory is performed and the relation of the quantum state spectrum with that of type IIA Green–Schwarz superstring is discussed. Besides, a mechanical model is constructed, which is a zero tension limit of the D=11 superstring and which incorporates all essential features of the latter. A corresponding action invariant under off-shell closed realization of the S-algebra is obtained.

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33

Yamashita, Shinji. "The higher derivations of functions bounded in various senses." Bulletin of the Australian Mathematical Society 34, no. 3 (December 1986): 321–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0004972700010224.

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An extension (Theorem 1) of Schwarz and Pick's lemma motivates us to study the analogues for functions which are bounded in the sense of Bloch, normal, or yoshida. A typical result is that, for a function f holomorphic in D = {|z| < 1} and Bloch, that is, , with the expansion f(w) = c0 + cn (w − z)n + … (n ≧ 1) about 2 ε D, we have (1 − |z|2)n|f(n) (z)|/n! ≦ Anα, where An is an absclute constant; the estimate is sharp.

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34

Ansari, A. H., and M. S. Moslehian. "More on reverse triangle inequality in inner product spaces." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 2005, no. 18 (2005): 2883–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/ijmms.2005.2883.

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Refining some results of Dragomir, several new reverses of the generalized triangle inequality in inner product spaces are given. Among several results, we establish some reverses for the Schwarz inequality. In particular, it is proved that ifais a unit vector in a real or complex inner product space(H;〈.,.〉),r,s>0,p∈(0,s],D={x∈H,‖rx−sa‖≤p},x1,x2∈D−{0}, andαr,s=min{(r2‖xk‖2−p2+s2)/2rs‖xk‖:1≤k≤2}, then(‖x1‖‖x2‖−Re〈x1,x2〉)/(‖x1‖+‖x2‖)2≤αr,s.

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35

Nissimov, E., S. Pacheva, and S. Solomon. "Covariant first and second quantization of the N = 2, D = 10 Brink-Schwarz superparticle." Nuclear Physics B 296, no. 2 (January 1988): 462–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(88)90681-5.

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36

Pisar, Thomas. "Symmetry content of a generalized p-form model of Schwarz-type in d dimensions." Physics Letters B 513, no. 3-4 (August 2001): 413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0370-2693(01)00255-6.

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37

Xiao-Hui, Wang, Wang Zhan-Yun, Cai Xiao-Lin, Song Pei, Hou Bo-Yu, and Shi Kang-Jie. "Flat Currents of Green–Schwarz Superstring in A d S 2 × S 2 Background." Communications in Theoretical Physics 45, no. 4 (April 2006): 663–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0253-6102/45/4/019.

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38

Kanellakis, A., S. Tzafestas, and N. Theodorou. "Stability tests for 2-D systems using the Schwarz form and the inners determinants." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems 38, no. 9 (1991): 1071–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/31.83877.

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39

Pavarino, Luca F., and Marcelo Ramé. "Numerical Experiments With an Overlapping Additive Schwarz Solver for 3-d pArallel Reservoir Simulation." International Journal of Supercomputer Applications and High Performance Computing 9, no. 1 (March 1995): 3–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/109434209500900101.

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40

Gibson, C. H. "Turbulent Mixing, Viscosity, Diffusion, and Gravity in the Formation of Cosmological Structures: The Fluid Mechanics of Dark Matter." Journal of Fluids Engineering 122, no. 4 (June 12, 2000): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1319156.

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Self-gravitational structure formation theory for astrophysics and cosmology is revised using nonlinear fluid mechanics. Gibson’s 1996–2000 theory balances fluid mechanical forces with gravitational forces and density diffusion with gravitational diffusion at critical viscous, turbulent, magnetic, and diffusion length scales termed Schwarz scales. Condensation and fragmentation occur for scales exceeding the largest Schwarz scale rather than LJ, the length scale introduced by Jeans in his 1902 inviscid-linear-acoustic theory. The largest Schwarz scale is often larger or smaller than LJ. From the new theory, the inner-halo 1021 m dark-matter of galaxies comprises ∼105fossil-LJ-scale clumps of 1012 Earth-mass fossil-LSV-scale planets called primordial fog particles (PFPs) condensed soon after the cooling transition from plasma to neutral gas, 300,000 years after the Big Bang, with PFPs tidally disrupted from their clumps forming the interstellar medium. PFPs explain Schild’s 1996 “rogue planets…likely to be the missing mass” of a quasar lens-galaxy, inferred from twinkling frequencies of the quasar mirages, giving 30 million planets per star. The non-baryonic dark matter is super-diffusive and fragments at large LSD scales to form massive outer-galaxy-halos. In the beginning of structure formation 30,000 years after the Big Bang, with photon viscosity values ν of 5×1026 m2 s−1, the viscous Schwarz scale matched the horizon scale LSV≈LH<LJ, giving 1046 kg proto-superclusters and finally 1042 kg proto-galaxies. Non-baryonic fluid diffusivities D∼1028 m2 s−1 from galaxy-outer-halo LSD scales 1022 m measured in a dense galaxy cluster by Tyson, J. A., and Fischer, P., 1995, “Measurement of the Mass profile of Abell 1689,” Ap. J., 446, pp. L55–L58, indicate non-baryonic dark matter particles must have small mass ∼10−35 kg to avoid detection. [S0098-2202(00)01504-2]

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41

KIM, WON TAE, and JOHN J. OH. "NONCOMMUTATIVE OPEN STRINGS FROM DIRAC QUANTIZATION." Modern Physics Letters A 15, no. 26 (August 30, 2000): 1597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732300002127.

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We study Dirac commutators of canonical variables on D-branes with a constant Neveu–Schwarz two-form field by using the Dirac constraint quantization method, and point out some subtleties appearing in previous works in analyzing constraint structure of the brane system. Overcoming some ad hoc procedures, we obtain desirable noncommutative coordinates exactly compatible with the result of the conformal field theory in recent literatures. Furthermore, we find interesting commutator relations of other canonical variables.

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42

WANG, ANZHONG, and N. O. SANTOS. "THE HIERARCHY PROBLEM, RADION MASS, LOCALIZATION OF GRAVITY AND 4D EFFECTIVE NEWTONIAN POTENTIAL IN STRING THEORY ON S1/Z2." International Journal of Modern Physics A 25, no. 08 (March 30, 2010): 1661–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x10047890.

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In this paper, we present a systematical study of braneworlds of string theory on S1/Z2. In particular, starting with the toroidal compactification of the Neveu–Schwarz/Neveu–Schwarz sector in D + d dimensions, we first obtain an effective D-dimensional action, and then compactify one of the D - 1 spatial dimensions by introducing two orbifold branes as its boundaries. We divide the whole set of the gravitational and matter field equations into two groups, one holds outside the two branes, and the other holds on them. By combining the Gauss–Codacci and Lanczos equations, we write down explicitly the general gravitational field equations on each of the two branes, while using distribution theory we express the matter field equations on the branes in terms of the discontinuities of the first derivatives of the matter fields. Afterwards, we address three important issues: (i) the hierarchy problem; (ii) the radion mass; and (iii) the localization of gravity, the four-dimensional Newtonian effective potential and the Yukawa corrections due to the gravitational high-order Kaluza–Klein (KK) modes. The mechanism of solving the hierarchy problem is essentially the combination of the large extra dimension and warped factor mechanisms together with the tension coupling scenario. With very conservative arguments, we find that the radion mass is of the order of 10-2 GeV. The gravity is localized on the visible brane, and the spectrum of the gravitational KK modes is discrete and can be of the order of TeV. The corrections to the four-dimensional Newtonian potential from the higher order of gravitational KK modes are exponentially suppressed and can be safely neglected in current experiments. In an appendix, we also present a systematical and pedagogical study of the Gauss–Codacci equations and Israel's junction conditions across a (D - 1)-dimensional hypersurface, which can be either spacelike or timelike.

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43

TSEYTLIN, A. A. "LIGHT CONE SUPERSTRINGS IN ADS SPACE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 05 (February 20, 2001): 900–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01003986.

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We discuss light-cone gauge description of type IIB Green-Schwarz superstring in AdS5× S5 with a hope to make progress towards understanding spectrum of this theory. As in flat space, fixing light-cone gauge consists of two steps: (i) fixing kappa symmetry in such a way that the fermionic part of the action does not depend on x-; (ii) fixing 2-d reparametrizations by x+=τ and a condition on 2-d metric. In curved AdS space the latter cannot be the standard conformal gauge and breaks manifest 2-d Lorentz invariance. It is natural, therefore, to work in phase-space framework, imposing the GGRT light-cone gauge conditions x+=τ, P+= const. We obtain the resulting light-cone superstring Hamiltonian.

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44

ABREU, E. M. C., D. DALMAZI, and E. A. SILVA. "THE JACOBI IDENTITY FOR DIRAC-LIKE BRACKETS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 17, no. 03 (January 30, 2002): 395–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x0200602x.

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For redundant second-class constraints the Dirac brackets cannot be defined and new brackets must be introduced. We prove here that the Jacobi identity for the new brackets must hold on the surface of the second-class constraints. In order to illustrate our proof we work out explicitly the cases of a fractional spin particle in 2+1 dimensions and the original Brink–Schwarz massless superparticle in D=10 dimensions in a Lorentz-covariant constraints separation.

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Nissimov, E., S. Pacheva, and S. Solomon. "Off-shell superspace D = 10 super-Yang-Mills from a covariantly quantized Green-Schwarz superstring." Nuclear Physics B 317, no. 2 (May 1989): 344–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(89)90073-4.

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Hamada, Ken-ji. "Vertex operators for super Yang-Mills and multi D-branes in the Green-Schwarz superstring." Nuclear Physics B 497, no. 1-2 (July 1997): 511–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0550-3213(97)00221-6.

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VANCEA, ION V. "THERMAL D-BRANE BOUNDARY STATES FROM TYPE IIB GREEN–SCHWARZ SUPERSTRING IN pp-WAVE BACKGROUND." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 27n28 (November 10, 2008): 4485–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08041360.

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We construct the thermal boundary states from the type IIB Green–Schwarz superstring in pp-wave background in the light-cone gauge. The superstring is treated in the canonical ensemble and in the TFD formalism which is appropriate to discuss canonically quantized systems. The thermal boundary states are obtained by thermalizing the total boundary states which are the boundary states of the total system that is composed by the superstring modes and the corresponding thermal reservoir modes. That analysis is similar to the one in the flat space–time case.67 However, there are some subtleties concerning the construction of the total string which are discussed. Next, we compute the entropy of thermal boundary state which is defined as the expectation value of the superstring entropy operator in the thermal boundary state.

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Lu, Doris, and Darlene A. Kluka. "Advanced Theory and Practice in Sport Marketing. By Eric C. Schwarz and Jason D. Hunter." Sport Management Education Journal 3, no. 1 (October 2009): 138–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/smej.3.1.138.

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ARAPOGLU, SAVAŞ, and CIHAN SAÇLIOGLU. "A NONCRITICAL RAMOND–NEVEU–SCHWARZ STRING WITH ONE END FIXED." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 01 (January 10, 2006): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06022798.

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We study a Ramond–Neveu–Schwarz string with one end fixed on a D0-brane and the other end free as a qualitative guide to the spectrum of hadrons containing one very heavy quark. The mixed boundary conditions break half of the worldsheet supersymmetry and allow only odd α and even d modes in the Ramond sector, while the Neveu–Schwarz oscillators b's become odd-integer moded. Boson-fermion masses can still be matched if space–time is nine-dimensional; thus SO(8) triality still plays a role in the spectrum, although full space–time supersymmetry does not survive. We quantize the system in a temporal-like gauge where X0 ~ τ. Although the gauge choice eliminates negative-norm states at the outset, there are still even-moded Virasoro and even (odd) moded super-Virasoro constraints to be imposed in the NS(R) sectors. The Casimir energy is now positive in both sectors; there are no tachyons. States for α′ M2 ≤ 13/4 are explicitly constructed and found to be organized into SO(8) irreps by (super)constraints, which include a novel "[Formula: see text]" operator in the Neveu–Schwarz and Γ0 ± I in the Ramond sectors. GSO projections are not allowed. The preconstraint states above the ground state have matching multiplicities, indicating space–time supersymmetry is broken by the (super)constraints. A distinctive physical signature of the system is a slope twice that of the open RNS string. When both ends are fixed, all leading and subleading trajectories are eliminated, resulting in a spectrum qualitatively similar to the J/ψ and ϒ particles.

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Baras, P., and J. Sawicki. "Numerical analysis of mechanical properties of 3D printed aluminium components with variable core infill values." Journal of Achievements in Materials and Manufacturing Engineering 1, no. 103 (November 1, 2020): 16–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.6912.

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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to present numerical modelling results for 3D-printed aluminium components with different variable core infill values. Information published in this paper will guide engineers when designing the components with core infill regions. Design/methodology/approach: During this study 3 different core types (Gyroid, Schwarz P and Schwarz D) and different combinations of their parameters were examined numerically, using FEM by means of the software ANSYS Workbench 2019 R2. Influence of core type as well as its parameters on 3D printed components strength was studied. The “best” core type with the “best” combination of parameters was chosen. Findings: Results obtained from the numerical static compression tests distinctly showed that component strength is highly influenced by the type infill choice selected. Specifically, infill parameters and the coefficient (force reaction/volumetric percentage solid material) were investigated. Resulting total reaction force and percentage of solid material in the component were compared to the fully solid reference model. Research limitations/implications: Based on the Finite Element Analysis carried out in this work, it was found that results highlighted the optimal infill condition defined as the lowest amount of material theoretically used, whilst assuring sufficient mechanical strength. The best results were obtained by Schwarz D core type samples. Practical implications: In the case of the aviation or automotive industry, very high strength of manufactured elements along with a simultaneous reduction of their wight is extremely important. As the viability of additively manufactured parts continues to increase, traditionally manufactured components are continually being replaced with 3D-printed components. The parts produced by additive manufacturing do not have the solid core, they are rather filled with specific geometrical patterns. The reason of such operation is to save the material and, in this way, also weight. Originality/value: The conducted numerical analysis allowed to determine the most favourable parameters for optimal core infill configurations for aluminium 3D printed parts, taking into account the lowest amount of material theoretically used, whilst assuring sufficient mechanical strength.

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