Journal articles: 'Schwere Fermionen'

1

Fulde, P., and F. Steglich. "Schwere Fermionen." Physik Journal 41, no. 2 (February 1985): 49–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19850410209.

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Zwicknagl, G. "Quasiteilchen in Schwere- Fermionen-Verbindungen." Physik Journal 49, no. 7-8 (July 1993): 657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19930490719.

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Geibel, C. "Supraleitung und magnetische Ordnung in Schwere-Fermionen-Systemen." Physik Journal 53, no. 7-8 (July 1997): 689–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19970530715.

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ALLEN, THEODORE J. "INEQUIVALENCE OF THE BRINK-SCHWARZ AND SIEGEL SUPERPARTICLES." Modern Physics Letters A 02, no. 03 (March 1987): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732387000288.

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Dirac’s procedure is applied to the Brink-Schwarz and Siegel superparticle systems. Both systems are exhibited to have the same first-class constraints. The difference between the systems is the lack of second-class fermionic constraints in the Siegel superparticle. Thus the Siegel superparticle has a phase space with twice as many fermionic degrees of freedom as the Brink-Schwarz superparticle.

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MARSHAKOV, A. V. "EFFECTIVE BOUNDARY ACTION IN THE FERMIONIC STRING THEORY." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 21 (October 20, 1989): 2041–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021773238900229x.

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The Polyakov path integral on Riemann surfaces with boundaries for the Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond (NSR) fermionic string is computed in the case of a special choice of the local boundary conditions for the fermionic fields. Effective boundary action is written explicitly by means of the functions defined on the double of the surface. The obtained expressions are used to study the behavior of the string propagator in the configuration space. The generalization of the effective fermionic action to the case of nonarchimedean strings is discussed.

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Ó COLGÁIN, EOIN. "FERMIONIC T-DUALITY: A SNAPSHOT REVIEW." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 29 (November 20, 2012): 1230032. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12300323.

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Through a self-dual mapping of the geometry AdS5 ×S5, fermionic T-duality provides a beautiful geometric interpretation of hidden symmetries for scattering amplitudes in [Formula: see text] super-Yang–Mills. Starting with Green–Schwarz sigma-models, we consolidate developments in this area into this small review. In particular, we discuss the translation of fermionic T-duality into the supergravity fields via pure spinor formalism and show that a general class of fermionic transformations can be identified directly in the supergravity. In addition to discussing fermionic T-duality for the geometry AdS4 × ℂ P 3, dual to [Formula: see text] ABJM theory, we review work on other self-dual geometries. Finally, we present a short round-up of studies with a formal interest in fermionic T-duality.

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Chishtie, F. A., and D. G. C. McKeon. "The canonical structure of the superstring action." Canadian Journal of Physics 94, no. 4 (April 2016): 348–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjp-2015-0069.

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We consider the canonical structure of the Green–Schwarz superstring in 9 + 1 dimensions using the Dirac constraint formalism; it is shown that its structure is similar to that of the superparticle in 2 + 1 and 3 + 1 dimensions. A key feature of this structure is that the primary fermionic constraints can be divided into two groups using field-independent projection operators; if one of these groups is eliminated through use of a Dirac bracket then the second group of primary fermionic constraints becomes first class. (This is what also happens with the superparticle action.) These primary fermionic first-class constraints can be used to find the generator of a local fermionic gauge symmetry of the action. We also consider the superstring action in other dimensions of space–time to see if the fermionic gauge symmetry can be made simpler than it is in 2 + 1, 3 + 1, and 9 + 1 dimensions. With a 3 + 3 dimensional target space, we find that such a simplification occurs. We finally show how in five dimensions there is no first-class fermionic constraint.

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LIN, ZHONG-HENG. "ONE-LOOP CLOSED STRING 5-PARTICLE FERMION AMPLITUDES IN THE COVARIANT FORMULATION." International Journal of Modern Physics A 05, no. 02 (January 20, 1990): 299–327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x90000131.

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The closed superstring 2 fermion-3 boson and 4 fermion-1 boson scattering amplitudes at one-loop level are calculated in the covariant formulation. We use the method of Atick and Sen and find that it can be applied to 5 particles without any major difficulties. We discuss the symmetry properties of the amplitudes as a check of their correctness. From the residue of the relevant correlator for 4 fermion-1 boson scattering at the appropriate pole, we obtain the 2 fermion-2 boson amplitude which agrees with the amplitude calculated in the light-cone gauge in the Green-Schwarz formulation. The calculation requires some new θ-function identities and Fierz transformations in ten dimensions which we also prove and discuss.

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DAYI, ÖMER F. "THE CASALBUONI–BRINK–SCHWARZ SUPERPARTICLE WITH COVARIANT, REDUCIBLE CONSTRAINTS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 11 (April 30, 1992): 2531–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92001137.

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The fermionic constraints of the massless Casalbuoni–Brink–Schwarz superparticle in d = 10 are separated covariantly as first- and second-class constraints which are infinitely reducible. Although the reducibility conditions of the second-class constraints include the first-class ones a consistent quantization is possible. The ghost structure of the system for quantizing it in terms of the BFV–BRST methods is given and unitarity is shown.

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ISAEV, A., and E. IVANOV. "ON SIGMA MODEL FORMULATION OF GREEN-SCHWARZ SUPERSTRING." Modern Physics Letters A 04, no. 04 (February 1989): 351–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732389000423.

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The Green-Schwarz covariant superstring action is consistently deduced as the action of the Wess-Zumino-Witten σ-model defined on the direct product of two N = 1, D = 10 Poincaré supertranslation groups. N = 2 supersymmetry of the action is shown to be related to a specific choice of the target manifold. We propose a zero curvature representation for the GS superstring field equations and interpret the local fermionic supersymmetry of the GS action as a guage symmetry preserving this representation.

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11

DEO, B. B., and L. MAHARANA. "PARTICLE SPECTRUM OF THE SUPERSYMMETRIC STANDARD MODEL FROM THE MASSLESS EXCITATIONS OF A FOUR-DIMENSIONAL SUPERSTRING." Modern Physics Letters A 19, no. 25 (August 20, 2004): 1939–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732304014094.

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A superstring action is quantised with Neveu–Schwarz (NS) and Ramond (R) boundary conditions. The zero mass states of the NS sector are classified as the vector gluons, W-mesons, Bμ-mesons and scalars containing Higgs. 15 zero mass fermions are obtained from the Ramond sector. A spacetime supersymmetric Hamiltonian of the Standard Model is presented without any conventional SUSY particles.

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12

Bengtsson, I. "The fermionic gauge symmetry in the Green-Schwarz action." Classical and Quantum Gravity 4, no. 5 (September 1, 1987): 1143–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/4/5/015.

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13

GASTMANS, R., A. SEVRIN, W. TROOST, and A. VAN PROEYEN. "INFINITE DIMENSIONAL EXTENDED SUPERCONFORMAL LIE ALGEBRAS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 02, no. 01 (February 1987): 195–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x87000077.

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We investigate the general algebras which contain the two-dimensional conformal algebra (Virasoro algebra) and N fermionic generators. We demand that the latter are of the "Neveu-Schwarz type". String theories are known with N = 2 and N = 4 extensions. We show under which assumptions these are unique. We construct all possible N = 2 algebras, containing the previously known ones. General conditions are given for extensions to arbitrary N, and special examples are worked out.

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BERKOVITS, NATHAN. "COVARIANT QUANTIZATION OF THE SUPERSTRING." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 05 (February 20, 2001): 801–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01003913.

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After reviewing the Green-Schwarz superstring using the approach of Siegel, the superstring is covariantly quantized by constructing a BRST operator from the fermionic constraints and a bosonic pure spinor ghost variable. Physical massless vertex operators are constructed and, for the first time, N-point tree amplitudes are computed in a manifestly ten-dimensional super-Poincaré covariant manner. Quantization can be generalized to curved supergravity backgrounds and the vertex operator for fluctuations around AdS5×S5 is explicitly constructed.

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15

Fulde, P., M. Hugenschmidt, and Karl Kromphardt. "Physik Schwerer Fermionen und Hochtemperatur-Supraleiter/Hochgeschwindigkeitsphotographie und Photonik/Humanökologie als Aufgabe für Natur- und Geisteswissenschaft." Physik Journal 45, no. 2 (February 1989): 62–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19890450209.

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KAKUSHADZE, ZURAB. "TACHYON-FREE NONSUPERSYMMETRIC STRINGS ON ORBIFOLDS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 23, no. 26 (October 20, 2008): 4371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x08042304.

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We discuss tachyon-free examples of (Type IIB on) noncompact nonsupersymmetric orbifolds. Tachyons are projected out by discrete torsion between orbifold twists, while supersymmetry is broken by a Scherk–Schwarz phase (+1/-1 when acting on space–time bosons/fermions) accompanying some even order twists. The absence of tachyons is encouraging for constructing nonsupersymmetric D3-brane gauge theories with stable infrared fixed points. The D3-brane gauge theories in our orbifold backgrounds have chiral [Formula: see text] supersymmetric spectra, but nonsupersymmetric interactions.

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17

HAMADA, KEN-JI, and MASARU TAKAO. "FUNCTIONAL INTEGRAL METHODS FOR FERMIONIC STRING AND SUPER RIEMANN SURFACES." International Journal of Modern Physics A 04, no. 09 (May 20, 1989): 2283–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x89000923.

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We investigate the light-cone gauge formulation of fermionic string of Mandelstam in a superspace. To formulate the fermionic string in a superspace, we use the theory of super Riemann surfaces (SRS). We define the Neumann functions and the Mandelstam mappings in a superspace by means of the so-called Abelian differentials of the first and the third kinds on SRS. In the super Schottky parametrization of SRS these superdifferentials are constructed at the multiloop level. The functional integral measure of a super light-cone diagram, which consists of 6g−6+2N even moduli parameters and 4g−4+2N odd ones, are specified in our formulation. In one-loop case with even spin structures we explicitly evaluate the superdeterminants on the super light-cone diagrams and calculate the one-loop amplitudes with N massless vector states. It is shown that the result is written in the form of a correlation function of the vertex operators. Furthermore, we evaluate the 3- and 4-particle amplitudes explicitly, which agree exactly with those calculated in the Green-Schwarz formulation.

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18

DERIGLAZOV, A. A., and D. M. GITMAN. "THE GREEN–SCHWARZ TYPE FORMULATION OF D=11S-INVARIANT SUPERSTRING AND SUPERPARTICLE ACTIONS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 14, no. 17 (July 10, 1999): 2769–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x9900138x.

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The manifestly Poincaré-invariant formulations for SO(1,10) and SO(2,9) superstring actions are proposed. The actions are invariant under a local fermionic κ-symmetry as well as under a number of global symmetries, which turn out to be on-shell realization of the known "new supersymmetry" S-algebra. Canonical quantization of the theory is performed and the relation of the quantum state spectrum with that of type IIA Green–Schwarz superstring is discussed. Besides, a mechanical model is constructed, which is a zero tension limit of the D=11 superstring and which incorporates all essential features of the latter. A corresponding action invariant under off-shell closed realization of the S-algebra is obtained.

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19

NISHINO, HITOSHI. "SELF-DUAL SUPERGRAVITY AND SUPERSYMMETRIC YANG-MILLS THEORY COUPLED TO GREEN-SCHWARZ SUPERSTRING." International Journal of Modern Physics A 09, no. 17 (July 10, 1994): 3077–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x94001217.

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We present the canonical set of superspace constraints for self-dual supergravity, a “self-dual” tensor multiplet and a self-dual Yang-Mills multiplet with N=1 supersymmetry in the space-time with signature (+,+, −, −). For this set of constraints, the consistency of the self-duality conditions on these multiplets with supersymmetry is manifest. The energy-momentum tensors of all the self-dual “matter” multiplets vanish, to be consistent with the self-duality of the Riemann tensor. In particular, the special significance of the “self-dual” tensor multiplet is noted. This result fills the gap left over in our previous series of papers, with respect to the consistent couplings among the self-dual matter multiplets. We also couple these nontrivial backgrounds to a Green-Schwarz superstring σ model, under the requirement of invariance under fermionic (kappa) symmetry. The finiteness of the self-dual supergravity is discussed, based on its “off-shell” structure. A set of exact solutions for the “self-dual” tensor and self-dual Yang-Mills multiplets for the gauge group SL(2) on a self-dual gravitational instanton background is given, and its consistency with the Green-Schwarz string σ model is demonstrated.

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TSEYTLIN, A. A. "LIGHT CONE SUPERSTRINGS IN ADS SPACE." International Journal of Modern Physics A 16, no. 05 (February 20, 2001): 900–909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x01003986.

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We discuss light-cone gauge description of type IIB Green-Schwarz superstring in AdS5× S5 with a hope to make progress towards understanding spectrum of this theory. As in flat space, fixing light-cone gauge consists of two steps: (i) fixing kappa symmetry in such a way that the fermionic part of the action does not depend on x-; (ii) fixing 2-d reparametrizations by x+=τ and a condition on 2-d metric. In curved AdS space the latter cannot be the standard conformal gauge and breaks manifest 2-d Lorentz invariance. It is natural, therefore, to work in phase-space framework, imposing the GGRT light-cone gauge conditions x+=τ, P+= const. We obtain the resulting light-cone superstring Hamiltonian.

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21

Majumdar, Parthasarathi. "Possible geometrical origin of the fermionic gauge symmetry in Green-Schwarz-Siegel superstrings." Physical Review D 45, no. 8 (April 15, 1992): 2883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.45.2883.

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Phillips, S. B. "Spinning strings of the Neveu-Schwarz-Ramond type in 3, 4, 6, and 10 space-time dimensions." Canadian Journal of Physics 77, no. 6 (October 1, 1999): 427–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/p99-043.

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A model of a spinning string with an internal coordinate index is proposed and studied. When the action for this model is taken to be diagonal in this internal coordinate space and quantized in the light-cone gauge it is found to be Lorentz covariant in four-dimensional space-time provided that the internal coordinate space is four dimensional.This combination of space-time dimension, D, and internal coordinate space dimension, N, is just one of four possible sets, the other three corresponding to D = 3, 6, and 10, precisely the same values for which it is possible to formulate Yang-Mills theories with simple supersymmetry. By comparing the number of propagating degrees of freedom at the zero-mass level in the open string bosonic and fermionic sectors it is found that a supersymmetric interpretation of this model is possible provided that all physical states in the bosonic sector have even G-parity and the ground-state spin or in the fermionic sector have positive chirality. A possible interpretation of the connection betweenthe N components of each of the D space-time coordinates is presentedon the basis that the space-time coordinates are scalars in the internal coordinate space. This interpretation would appear to be reasonable given the fact that the field variables in the Lagrangian density do not necessarily have to represent physically measurable quantities but can, instead, only represent physically measurable quantities when combined in some manner, the simplest of which being a linear combination. The Lagrangian density simply produces the equations of motion and the constraint equations for the independent variables, only linear combinations of which represent the four dimensions of physical space-time.PACS Nos.: 11.17.+y, 11.10.Qr, 1.30.Cp, 11.30.Pb

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ARAPOGLU, SAVAŞ, and CIHAN SAÇLIOGLU. "A NONCRITICAL RAMOND–NEVEU–SCHWARZ STRING WITH ONE END FIXED." International Journal of Modern Physics A 21, no. 01 (January 10, 2006): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x06022798.

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We study a Ramond–Neveu–Schwarz string with one end fixed on a D0-brane and the other end free as a qualitative guide to the spectrum of hadrons containing one very heavy quark. The mixed boundary conditions break half of the worldsheet supersymmetry and allow only odd α and even d modes in the Ramond sector, while the Neveu–Schwarz oscillators b's become odd-integer moded. Boson-fermion masses can still be matched if space–time is nine-dimensional; thus SO(8) triality still plays a role in the spectrum, although full space–time supersymmetry does not survive. We quantize the system in a temporal-like gauge where X0 ~ τ. Although the gauge choice eliminates negative-norm states at the outset, there are still even-moded Virasoro and even (odd) moded super-Virasoro constraints to be imposed in the NS(R) sectors. The Casimir energy is now positive in both sectors; there are no tachyons. States for α′ M2 ≤ 13/4 are explicitly constructed and found to be organized into SO(8) irreps by (super)constraints, which include a novel "[Formula: see text]" operator in the Neveu–Schwarz and Γ0 ± I in the Ramond sectors. GSO projections are not allowed. The preconstraint states above the ground state have matching multiplicities, indicating space–time supersymmetry is broken by the (super)constraints. A distinctive physical signature of the system is a slope twice that of the open RNS string. When both ends are fixed, all leading and subleading trajectories are eliminated, resulting in a spectrum qualitatively similar to the J/ψ and ϒ particles.

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24

Ruickoldt, G., B. Eckhardt, D. Wintgen, K. Sibold, E. Sigmund, S. Ewert, A. P. Kampf, A. Freimuth, and W. Brenig. "Tagungsberichte: Praktikumsleitertagung '93/Periodische Bahnen/Mathematische Aspekte der Quantenfeldtheorie und Statistischen Physik/Phasenseparation in Kuprat-Supraleitern/Kuprat- und Schwer-Fermionen-Supraleiter." Physik Journal 50, no. 2 (February 1994): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/phbl.19940500217.

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25

FERRARA, S., and M. PORRATI. "STRING PHASE TRANSITIONS IN A STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD." Modern Physics Letters A 08, no. 26 (August 30, 1993): 2497–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217732393002828.

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We consider open strings in an external constant magnetic field H. For an (infinite) sequence of critical values of H an increasing number of (highest spin component) states lying on the first Regge trajectory becomes tachyonic. In the limit of infinite H all these states are tachyons (with a common tachyonic mass) both in the case of the bosonic string and for the Neveu-Schwarz sector of the fermionic string. This result generalizes to extended object the same instability which occurs in ordinary non-Abelian gauge theories. The Ramond states always have positive square masses as is the case for ordinary QED. The weak field limit of the mass spectrum is the same as for a field theory with gyromagnetic ratio gS=2 for all charged spin states. This behavior suggests a phase transition of the string as it has been argued for the ordinary electroweak theory.

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Rizos, John. "Aspects of nonsupersymmetric string phenomenology." International Journal of Modern Physics A 33, no. 34 (December 10, 2018): 1845002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x18450021.

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We consider a big class of chiral four-dimensional string models which bear [Formula: see text] gauge symmetry. Supersymmetry (SUSY) is spontaneously broken via the Scherk–Schwarz mechanism associated with two large internal dimensions. We study two central issues in nonsupersymmetric string phenomenology: the suppression of the cosmological constant and the decompactification problem. We identify a subclass of chiral nonsupersymmetric models with fermion–boson degeneracy leading to exponentially suppressed cosmological constant. In addition, we propose a novel solution to the decompactification problem related to the cancellation of the linear growth of the gauge part of the thresholds with a similar growth of the universal part. We show that the proposed mechanism resolves the decompactification problem related to the non-Abelian gauge couplings in approximately 40% of the models under consideration.

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27

FRÉ, PIETRO, and PIETRO ANTONIO GRASSI. "PURE SPINOR FORMALISM FOR ${\rm Osp}({\mathcal N}\vert 4)$ BACKGROUNDS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 27, no. 32 (December 30, 2012): 1250185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x12501850.

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We start from the Maurer–Cartan (MC) equations of the [Formula: see text] superalgebras satisfied by the left-invariant superforms realized on supercoset manifolds of the corresponding supergroups and we derive some new pure spinor constraints. They are obtained by "ghostifying" the MC forms and extending the differential d to a BRST differential. From the superalgebras [Formula: see text] we single out different subalgebras [Formula: see text] associated with the different cosets [Formula: see text]: each choice of ℍ leads to a different weakening of the pure spinor constraints. In each case, the number of parameter is counted and we show that in the cases of Osp (6|4)/ U (3)× SO (1, 3), Osp (4|4)/ SO (3) × SO (1, 3) and finally Osp (4|4)/ U (2) × SO (1, 3) the bosonic and fermionic degrees of freedom match in order to provide a c = 0 superconformal field theory. We construct both the Green–Schwarz and the pure spinor sigma model for the case Osp (6|4)/ U(3) × SO (1, 3) corresponding to AdS 4 ×ℙ3. The pure spinor sigma model can be consistently quantized.

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CASTRO, CARLOS. "THE SPINNING MEMBRANE, SUPER-SU(∞)-GAUGE THEORIES AND MOYAL BRACKETS." International Journal of Modern Physics A 07, no. 03 (January 30, 1992): 535–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217751x92000247.

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Several important topics concerning the membrane and its symmetries are discussed. The fact that a space–time-independent Lagrangian density for a gauge-field configuration of a (d – 1)-dimensional SU (∞) super Yang–Mills theory, reduced to one dimension (time), is equivalent to a Green–Schwarz formalism of the Euclidean Eguchi–Schild string action in d – 1 dimensions, naturally raises the question whether one can construct a Neveu–Ramond–Schwarz analog. The answer is in the negative; the world-sheet supersymmetric extension of the Eguchi–Schild action for the string cannot be viewed as a classical-vacuum configuration of a super-SU (∞)- gauge theory. For the second topic we construct a "supersymmetry" charge operator, Qf, which plays the role of a residual fermionic symmetry, for fixed time, of the light-cone spinning membrane. It is explicitly shown how the Yang–Mills type of actions and, in particular, the ones for vacuum-field configurations, associated with Q(∞) supergauge theories, are invariant under both Qf "supersymmetry" and the superalgebra of area-preserving superdiffeomorphisms of the light-cone spinning torus membrane, Q(∞). More general actions can be constructed which are invariant under deformations of this superalgebra. In this case the ordinary (graded) Poisson brackets are replaced by super Moyal brackets. Finally, we conjecture why these actions, in analogy with what happens with the light-cone supermembrane, should correspond to a superfiber bundle (over space–time) formulation of the supersymmetric-gauge quantum-mechanical models (SGQMM's) of Flume and Baake et al.; with the general supergroup of trigonometric structure constants of Fairlie, Fletcher and Zachos as the structure supergroup of the superfiber. To support our concluding conjecture, preliminary steps are outlined which are necessary in order to fix the light-cone gauge for the spinning-membrane action. We discuss why the Qf "supersymmetry" (the remnant world-volume light-cone local supersymmetry) and the Q(∞) supergauge transformations must arise as its residual symmetries.

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Arefeva, I. Ya, R. V. Gorbachev, and P. B. Medvedev. "Vacuum solutions in the Neveu-Schwarz field theory of a fermionic string and the zero-curvature representation in graded spaces." Theoretical and Mathematical Physics 159, no. 1 (April 2009): 526–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11232-009-0042-2.

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Berkovits, Nathan. "A super Koba-Nielsen formula for the scattering of two massless Ramond fermions with N − 2 massless Neveu-Schwarz bosons." Physics Letters B 219, no. 2-3 (March 1989): 278–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(89)90391-2.

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Chakrabarti, Subhroneel, Divyanshu Gupta, Arkajyoti Manna, and Madhusudhan Raman. "Irrelevant deformations of chiral bosons." Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, no. 2 (February 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep02(2021)028.

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Abstract We study $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$ T T ¯ deformations of chiral bosons using the formalism due to Sen. For arbitrary numbers of left- and right-chiral bosons, we find that the $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$ T T ¯ -deformed Lagrangian can be computed in closed form, giving rise to a novel non-local action in Sen’s formalism. We establish that at the limit of infinite $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$ T T ¯ coupling, the equations of motion of deformed theory exhibits chiral decoupling. We then turn to a discussion of $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$ T T ¯ -deformed chiral fermions, and point out that the stress tensor of the $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$ T T ¯ -deformed free fermion coincides with the undeformed seed theory. We explain this behaviour of the stress tensor by noting that the deformation term in the action is purely topological in nature and closely resembles the fermionic Wess-Zumino term in the Green-Schwarz formalism. In turn, this observation also explains a puzzle in the literature, viz. why the $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$ T T ¯ deformation of multiple free fermions truncate at linear order. We conclude by discussing the possibility of an interplay between $$ \mathrm{T}\overline{\mathrm{T}} $$ T T ¯ deformations and bosonisation.

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Balasubramanian, Vijay, Arjun Kar, Simon F. Ross, and Tomonori Ugajin. "Spin structures and baby universes." Journal of High Energy Physics 2020, no. 9 (September 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep09(2020)192.

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Abstract We extend a 2d topological model of the gravitational path integral to include sums over spin structure, corresponding to Neveu-Schwarz (NS) or Ramond (R) boundary conditions for fermions. This path integral corresponds to a correlator of boundary creation operators on a non-trivial baby universe Hilbert space, and vanishes when the number of R boundaries is odd. This vanishing implies a non-factorization of the correlator, which necessitates a dual interpretation of the bulk path integral in terms of a product of partition functions (associated to NS boundaries) and Witten indices (associated to R boundaries), averaged over an ensemble of theories with varying Hilbert space dimension and different numbers of bosonic and fermionic states. We also consider a model with End-of-the-World (EOW) branes, for which the dual ensemble then includes a sum over randomly chosen fermionic and bosonic states. We propose two modifications of the bulk path integral which restore an interpretation in a single dual theory: (i) a geometric prescription where we add extra boundaries with a sum over their spin structures, and (ii) an algebraic prescription involving “spacetime D-branes”. We extend our ideas to Jackiw-Teitelboim gravity, and propose a dual description of a single unitary theory with spin structure in a system with eigenbranes.

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Lescano, Eric, Carmen A. Núñez, and Jesús A. Rodríguez. "Supersymmetry, T-duality and heterotic α′-corrections." Journal of High Energy Physics 2021, no. 7 (July 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/jhep07(2021)092.

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Abstract Higher-derivative interactions and transformation rules of the fields in the effective field theories of the massless string states are strongly constrained by space-time symmetries and dualities. Here we use an exact formulation of ten dimensional $$ \mathcal{N} $$ N = 1 supergravity coupled to Yang-Mills with manifest T-duality symmetry to construct the first order α′-corrections of the heterotic string effective action. The theory contains a supersymmetric and T-duality covariant generalization of the Green-Schwarz mechanism that determines the modifications to the leading order supersymmetry transformation rules of the fields. We compute the resulting field-dependent deformations of the coefficients in the supersymmetry algebra and construct the invariant action, with up to and including four-derivative terms of all the massless bosonic and fermionic fields of the heterotic string spectrum.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Schwere Fermionen'

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