Academic literature on the topic 'Science=2018-12-09'

AbstractObjectiveThe purpose of the present meta-analysis was to evaluate the association between the inflammatory potential of diet, determined by the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) score, and depression.DesignSystematic review and meta-analysis.SettingA comprehensive literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science and EMBASE databases up to August 2018. All observational studies that examined the association of the DII score with depression/depressive symptoms were included.SubjectsFour prospective cohorts and two cross-sectional studies enrolling a total of 49 584 subjects.ResultsOverall, individuals in the highest DII v. the lowest DII category had a 23 % higher risk of depression (risk ratio (RR)=1·23; 95 % CI 1·12, 1·35). When stratified by study design, the pooled RR was 1·25 (95 % CI 1·12, 1·40) for the prospective cohort studies and 1·16 (95 % CI 0·96, 1·41) for the cross-sectional studies. Gender-specific analysis showed that this association was observed in women (RR=1·25; 95 % CI 1·09, 1·42) but was not statistically significant in men (RR=1·15; 95 % CI 0·83, 1·59).ConclusionsThe meta-analysis suggests that pro-inflammatory diet estimated by a higher DII score is independently associated with an increased risk of depression, particularly in women. However, more well-designed studies are needed to evaluate whether an anti-inflammatory diet can reduce the risk of depression.

El desarrollo de las nuevas tecnologías de la información, así como el perfil de las nuevas generaciones, han incentivado a las instituciones financieras a buscar una mayor inclusión de sus productos y servicios en gran parte de la población del mundo. Debido a lo anterior, se observa un incremento en el interés de tener una sociedad con mayor cultura financiera que le permita tomar mejores decisiones en su economía particular. El creciente interés del ámbito de la educación financiera se observa también en la comunidad científica. El presente trabajo se enfoca en la búsqueda de la literatura científica relacionada a la educación financiera entre los años 1990-2018. Se utilizan técnicas bibliométricas y la base de datos científica de Web of Science como fuente de información. El objetivo es analizar la información encontrada, y visualizar la evolución del concepto, el número de publicaciones, la estructura de citas, las revistas más influyentes, los autores, universidades y países con mayor actividad en este tema. Los resultados arrojan total de 2134 artículos, se observa que la mayor producción va del año 2016 al 2018. La revista Economic of Education Review tiene el mayor número de publicaciones y citas. La Institución con más investigaciones es la National Bureau of Economic Research y finalmente se destaca a los Estados Unidos de América por su importante actividad en el área. A partir del surgimiento de nuevas variables en las estructuras financieras, la educación en este tópico seguirá presentando nuevas rutas por explorar por parte de la comunidad científica al servicio de la sociedad. Códigos JEL: G21, G28, G38, L26 Recibido: 03/07/2020. Aceptado: 21/09/2021. Publicado: 01/12/2021.

This research work was conducted to detect the prevalence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) Virus-specific antibody in chickens from Gazipur district in Bangladesh at Department of Microbiology, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science & Technology University, Dinajpur and Poultry Care Lab, Garzipur from January to June 2012. A total number of 232 sera sample of commercial layer chicken were collected from 17 different commercial layer farms at different ages. The layers prognosed for sampling had not been previously vaccinated against ILTV. The indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (iELISA) was performed to estimate the Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) Virus-specific antibody. Out of 232 samples, 189 (81.47%) samples were found to positive for Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) Virus-specific antibody. In 17 different commercial farms prevalence based on age were 75%, 87.5%, 87.5%, 90%, 81.25%, 80%, 100%, 70%, 81.25%, 81.25%, 90%, 93.08%, 87.5%, 75%, 75%, 68.75% and 75% in the age limit 08, 09, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 17, 19, 21, 25, 31, 35, 44 and 51 weeks respectively and farms showed high level of ILT virus specific antibodies (IgG). This result showed that in 15 weeks of age prevalence was highest position i.e; 100%. The result of this study indicate that there were a high prevalence of Infectious Laryngotracheitis (ILT) Virus circulating at Gazipur district in Bangladesh.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. March 2018, 4(1): 1-6

White clover plant, Trifolium repens L. one of the important forage crop, entirely depends on insects for its pollination. The research aims to study diversity and relative abundance of insect visitors of white clover and their relation with environmental variables in open ground of Bhaktapur Multiple Campus. Quadrate sampling method was used to explore diversity of insect visitors. Observations of the insects were conducted at morning (09:00 AM to 10:00 AM), noon (12:00 PM to 01:00 PM) and afternoon (3 PM to 4 PM) each day during study period. There were 3472 individuals of insect collected that belong to 20 species in three orders: Hymenoptera (69%), Lepidoptera (27%) and Diptera (4%). Number of individuals of visitors were comparatively higher at noon (1426) than in morning (1256) and lower in afternoon (790 individuals). Number of species found in morning and noon were same (20 species) whereas number of species found in evening was less (16 species). Apis cerana and Lampides boeticus are the most dominant species belonging to orders Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera respectively. The relation of diversity with environmental variables was correlated by using Multivariate analysis test. The test showed significant effect of light intensity, humidity, temperature and the latter one was the most influential factor on the composition of species. Journal of Institute of Science and TechnologyVolume 22, Issue 2, January 2018 Page: 86-91

1. Kostiuk O. M. Teoretyko-pravovi zasady normatyvnoho tlumachennia : avtoreferat dys. ... kand. yuryd. nauk: 12.00.01 «Teoriia ta istoriia derzhavy i prava; istoriia politychnykh i pravovykh uchen» Kostiuk Olha Mykolaivna; Ivano-Frankiv. un-t prava im. korolia Danyla Halytskoho. Ivano-Frankivsk, 2017. S. 3. 2. Rishennia Konstytutsiinoho Sudu Ukrainy vid 2 lystopada 2004 roku № 15-rp/2004. u spravi za konstytutsiinym podanniam Verkhovnoho Sudu Ukrainy shchodo vidpovidnosti Konstytutsii Ukrainy (konstytutsiinosti) polozhen statti 69 Kryminalnoho kodeksu Ukrainy (sprava pro pryznachennia sudom bilsh miakoho pokarannia) https://zakon. rada.gov.ua/laws/show/v015p710-04#Text 3. Rishennia YeSPL vid 28 zhovtnia 1999 roku u spravi «Brumaresku proty Rumunii», zaiava № 28342/95, § 61. 4. Danishevska V. Kliuchovi zasady ta pidkhody do vyrishennia konfliktiv tlumachennia zakoniv. Vzaiemni zdobutky Yevropeiskoi Komisii «Za demokratiiu cherez pravo» i orhaniv konstytutsiinoi yustytsii ta problemy tlumachennia u konstytutsiinomu sudochynstvi : zbirnyk materialiv i tez Mizhnarodnoi onlain-konferentsii (m. Kyiv, 25 chervnia 2020 r.). Kyiv: VAITE, 2020. S. 60. 5. Todyka Yu. M. Sposoby tlumachennia Konstytutsii i zakoniv Ukrainy Konstytutsiinym Sudom. Visnyk Akademii pravovykh nauk Ukrainy. Kharkiv: Pravo, 2001. № 2 (25). S. 51-59. https://dspace.nlu.edu.ua/ bitstream/123456789/4565/1/Toduka_51.pdf 6. Yevropeiska Komisiia «Za demokratiiu cherez pravo» Mirylo pravovladdia. Komentar. HLOSARII. Strasburh,18 bereznia 2016 roku. Doslidzhennia №711/2013 http://newjustice.org.ua/wp-content/uploads/2017/09/Rule_of_ Law_Checklist_UKR.pdf 7. Postanova Kasatsiinoi palaty Verkhovnoho Sudu vid 14 bereznia 2018 roku u spravi № 917/1503/17. 8. Selivanov A. O., Stryzhak A. A. Pytannia teorii konstytutsiinoho pravosuddia v Ukraini: aktualni pytannia suchasnoho rozvytku konstytutsiinoho pravosuddia. Kyiv : Lohos, 2010. 275 s. 9. Radchenko O. I. Ofitsiine tlumachennia zakonu v konteksti udoskonalennia natsionalnoho mekhanizmu zakhystu prav liudyny v Ukraini http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:l3C1xwQGyHYJ:univd.edu.ua/ science-issue/issue/2996+&cd=9&hl=ru&ct=clnk&gl=ua 10. Postanova Kabinetu Ministriv Ukrainy vid 2 lypnia 2014 r. № 228 «Pro zatverdzhennia Polozhennia pro Ministerstvo yustytsii Ukrainy» https://zakon.rada.gov.ua/laws/show/228-2014-%D0%BF#Text 11. Shevchuk S. Holovna ideia pravosuddia – z bezlichi formalnostei zrobyty spravedlyve rishennia. «Iurydychna hazeta», 6 zhovtnia 2015 r. 12. Kostytskyi M., Kushakova-Kostytska N. Tlumachennia Konstytutsii ta zakoniv Ukrainy Konstytutsiinym Sudom Ukrainy ta inshymy orhanamy sudochynstva: spilnist ta vidminnist. Vzaiemni zdobutky Yevropeiskoi Komisii «Za demokratiiu cherez pravo» i orhaniv konstytutsiinoi yustytsii ta problemy tlumachennia u konstytutsiinomu sudochynstvi : zbirnyk materialiv i tez Mizhnarodnoi onlain-konferentsii (m. Kyiv, 25 chervnia 2020 r.). Kyiv :VAITE, 2020. S. 91-92. 13. Terletskyi D. Konstytutsiina skarha yak natsionalnyi zasib yurydychnoho zakhystu: yurydychni naslidky. URL: https://uplan.org.ua/analytics/konstytutsiina-skarha-iak-natsionalnyi-zasib-iurydychnoho-zakhystu-iurydychni-naslidky

Gout is associated with disturbed metabolic pathways which is hyperuricemia, due to the unbalanced state of purine nucleotide metabolism or excretion of uric acid by the kidney (1). Differentially targeted genes should be evaluated on their metabolic pathways and gene networking to investigate the potential biomarkers in developing the personalized medicine for gout. The study was opted to determine the differentially target genes with the regulatory mechanisms by using in silico analysis. Ten target genes were engine-searched from the published articles such as from PubMed, google scholar, ResearchGate, and Science Direct. The information from the articles were stratified according to populations in a mutual or close genetic entities from year 2012 to 2018. The ten chosen putative genes associated with gout were SLC2A9, ABCG2, SLC22A12, SLC22A11, SLC17A1, SLC17A2, SLC17A3, SLC17A4, SLC16A9, and SLC5A6 which were determined their biological mechanism and gene networking by using bioinformatic tools such as the Gene Ontology Resource, STRING, and Reactome Pathway. The significant associations of the putative genes with the biological mechanism and gene networking are determined based on the p-value and FDR value. The ten chosen putative genes showed significant association with the biological mechanisms and gene networking. The result from Gene Ontology Resource database showed high significant association between the putative genes and the biological processes, molecular functions, cellular components (p-value < 0.05) as depicted in Table 1.0. The highly significant associated biological processes were the organic anion transport (9.14E-19, 7.16E-15), anion transport (2.93E-17, 1.53E-13) and urate metabolic processes (2.98E-20, 4.67E-16) along with their respective raw p-value and FDR value. Then, the highly significant associated molecular functions were the active transmembrane transporter activity (5.04E-15, 2.47E- 11), symporter activity (1.16E-13, 1.90E-10) and secondary active transmembrane transporter activity (1.80E-14, 4.40E-11) along with their respective raw p-value and FDR value. While the highly significant associated cellular components were the plasma membrane region (7.26E-09, 4.90E-06), apical plasma membrane (4.48E-13, 9.08E- 10) and apical part of cell (1.64E-12, 1.66E-09) along with their respective raw p-value and FDR value. Next, the result from STRING database as depicted in Figure 1.0 were highly significant in which all the putative genes had networking among them, such that six out of ten putative genes had the highest gene networking among the others; SLC2A9, SLC22A11, SLC22A12, SLC16A9, ABCG2, SLC17A1, and followed by the other four genes which had less gene networking; SLC17A2, SLC17A3, SLC17A4, and SLC5A6. As for the Reactome Pathway database, the result as depiced in Table 2.0 showed high significant association between the putative genes and the pathways (p-value < 0.05). The highly significant pathways were the transport of small molecules (1.00E-08, 3.34E-07), SLC-mediated transmembrane transport (1.96E-08, 3.34E-07) and organic anion transport (8.36E-06, 9.19E-05) along with their respective raw p-value and FDR value. In conclusion, the study revealed the role of putative targeted genes in the biological mechanism in gout pathogenesis has provides insight of the potential biomarkers in developing the personalized medicine better treatment for gout patient in ensuring better patient healthcare.

Wind speed is the principal climatic element that drives the Marmaton season in West African sub region. It drives the season by conveying huge amount of dust across the Northeastern Nigeria. The presence of dust in the atmosphere brought by the Northeast trade winds during the Harmattan season plays a vital role in absorbing and scattering solar radiation. The study examines the spatial and temporal variations of wind speed in Northeastern Nigeria during the Harmattan season with the sole aim of ascertaining its variability, patterns and trends from1984 to 2014. Descriptive and statistics such as mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and time series analysis with ArcGIS 10.3 was used in examine the temporal and spatial variations of wind speed from 1984–2014 in six synoptic stations of Northeastern Nigeria. The findings show that wind speed varied both temporally and spatially in the last three decades. The pattern of variations in the six synoptic stations shows rising trends within the study years. It was also found that latitude playing a crucial role in determining the speed of the wind in the study area and as the speed of the wind increases with increasing latitude. Keywords: Wind speed, Harmattan, Season, Northeast, Variation and ITD. References Adaramola,M.S.andOyewola,O. M. (2011). Wind Speed Distribution and Characteristics in Nigeria. Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences.ISSN 1819-6608.www.arpnjournals.com Amadi, S. O., Udo, S. O. and Ewona, I. O. (2014). Trends in Monthly Mean Minimum and Maximum Temperature Data over Nigeria for the Period 1950-2012. International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Physics, 2(4), 1-27. Ayoade, J.O. (2004). Introduction to Climatology for the Tropics.2nd ed. Spectrum Books Limitted, Spectrum House Ring Road Ibadan, Nigeria. Balarabe, M., Abdallah, K., and Nawawi, M. (2015). Long- Term Trend and Seasonal Variability of Horizontal Visibility in Nigerian Troposphere.Journal of Atmosphere 6:1462-1486; doi:10.3390/atmos6101462. Dahuwa, D., Promise, K. U., Umar, W., Bello, I. and Mohammed, R. (2018). Analysis of Wind Speed And Frequency InAzare North eastern Part of Nigeria. IOSR Journal of Applied Physics (IOSR-JAP) e-ISSN: 2278-4861.Volume 10, Issue 1 Ver. I. PP 09-17 www.iosrjournals.org DOI: 10.9790/4861-1001010917 www.iosrjournals.org Danlami, D., Gwari, M., Suleiman, S., and Bara, A. (2018). Temporal and Spatial variations of Groung Surface visibility during Harmattan Season in North-Eastern Nigeria.Ceylon Journal Science, 47(4), 337 – 346. DOI: http://doi.org/10.4038/cjs.v47i4.7551. Danlami, D. (2017). Spatio-Temporal Variations of Harmattan Season in Northeastern Nigeria.M.Sc. Dissertation (Not published) Submitted to the Department of Geography, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. De Longueville, F., Hountondji, Y. C., Henry, S. and Ozer, P. (2010). What do we Know about the Effects of Desert Dust on Air Quality and Human Health in West Africa compared to other regions? Journal: Science of Total Environment Fagbenle, R.L., Fasade, A.O., Amuludun A.K. andLala,P.O.( 1980). Wind power potentials of Nigeria. 12th Biennial conference of the West African Science Association, University of Ife, Nigeria. Getis, A., Getis, J., Bjelland, M. and Fellmann, J.D. (2011).Introduction to Geography. 13thed. The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, NY10020. Karabulut, M., Demirci, A. and Kora, F. (2012). Analysis of spatially distributed annual, seasonal and monthly temperatures in Istanbul from 1975 to 2006.World Applied Sciences Journal, 12(10), 1662-1675 Ojosu, J.O. and Salawu, R.I. (1990).An evaluation of wind energy potential as a power generation source in Nigeria.Solar & Wind Technology.ELSEVIER.Volume 7, Issue 6, 1990, Pages 663-673 Schwanghart, W. and Schutt, B. (2007). Meteorological causes of Harmattan dust in West Africa. Journal of Science Direct Geomorphology. Shuman, M. (2007) Evaluation of five GIS basedInterpolation techniques for estimating the Radonconcentration for unmeasured zip codes in thestate of Ohio, Master of Science Degree in Civil Engineering, University of Toledo, 28-29 Pp. Waewsak, J., Chancham, C., Landry, M. and Gagnon, Y (2011).An Analysis of Wind Speed Distribution at Thasala, Nakhon Si Thammarat, Thailand.Journal of Sustainable Energy & Environment 2 pp 51-55 Willmott, C., Robeson, S. and Philpot, W. (1985). Small- scale climate maps: A sensitivity analysisof some common assumptions associated withgrid-point interpolation and contouring. American Cartographer 12(1):5-16. Copyright (c) 2019 Geosfera Indonesia Journal and Department of Geography Education, University of Jember This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-Share A like 4.0 International License

Introduction Elotuzumab is monoclonal antibody (mAb) that specifically targets signaling lymphocytic activation molecule family member 7 (SLAMF7) that is present on myeloma cells. It fights myeloma cells by stimulating phagocytic action of NK cells and via ADCC (antibody‐dependent cell‐mediated cytotoxicity) pathway. Daratumumab is an anti-CD38 mAb with dual mechanisms of action i.e. tumoricidal and immunomodulation. The aim of this study is to review the efficacy and toxicity of elotuzumab and daratumumab based 3-drug combinations in patients (pts) with multiple myeloma (MM). Methods A systematic search of PubMed, Embase, Clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane and Web of Science was performed for elotuzumab and daratumumab based regimen in MM patients from inception to June 12, 2019. Out of 604 studies, 08 phase II and III clinical trials based on 3-drug regimen were finalized. Results Total 2809 patients (pts) were evaluated out of 2879 enrolled pts. 856 were newly diagnosed (ND) and 1953 were relapsed/refractory (R/R). Elotuzumab (E) based 3-drug regimen were evaluated in 560 whereas daratumumab (D) based 3-drug regimen were analyzed in 889 pts. ELOQUENT-3 trial (n=117) in phase II used E + pomalidomide (P) and dexamethasone (d) (EPd) for R/R pts with ≥2 prior therapies. Median (m) progression free survival (PFS) was 10.2 months (mo) in EPd versus (vs) 4.6 mo in Pd arm [Hazard ratio (HR) 0.54 (95% CI: 0.34-0.86; p=0.008)], i.e. 46% lower risk of progression or death in EPd vs Pd arm. ORR (overall response rate) was 53% (complete response [CR] 5% + stringent CR [sCR] 3% + partial response [PR] 33% + very good partial response [VGPR] 12%) in EPd vs 26% in Pd arm (odds ratio [OR]: 3.25 (1.49-7.11). Grade (G) ≥3 adverse events (AEs) were anemia (10%), neutropenia and infections (13% each). (Dimopoulos et al. 2018). Phase II trial by Jakubowiak et al. (2016) observed 1 year (y) PFS of 39% in E-Bortezomib(B)-d vs 33% in Bd arm in 152 R/R pts (HR: 0.72; p = .09) with 28% decrease in progression or death with EBd vs Bd. ORR was 66% (4% CR+ 33% VGPR + 30% PR) vs 63%. OS (overall survival) at 1 y was 85% (EBd) and 74% (Bd) (HR:0.6). G≥3 AEs were infections (21%), thrombocytopenia and peripheral neuropathy (9% each). In phase II trial, ELd (E-Lenalidomide-d) arm yielded ORR of 88% (CR 3% + sCR 5% + PR 43% + VGPR 38%) vs 74% in Ld arm in 82 ND pts. PFS at 1 yr was 93% vs 91%. G≥3 AEs included neutropenia (18%) and leukopenia (15%). (Takezako et al. 2017). Berenson et al. (2017) in phase II trial (n=70) studied G≥3 infusion reactions (IRs) using ELd in ND and R/R pts. ORR was 70% (CR 6% + VGPR 27% + PR 37%). G3 AEs included anemia in 10% pts (no G3 IRs). ELOQUENT-2 trial randomized 646 R/R pts in phase III. PFS at 4 y is 21% vs 14% (HR: 0.71, 0.59-0.86; p= .0004), favoring ELd with 29% reduction in myeloma progression or death. With VGPR of 30%, ORR was 79% vs 66 % (ELd vs Ld) with HR: 0.77; 0.62-0.95; p = 0.0176. OS at 4 y was 50% vs 43% (HR: 0.78; 0.63-0.96). G≥3 AEs included lymphocytopenia (79%), neutropenia (36%), anemia (20%) and thrombocytopenia (21%). (Dimopoulos et al, 2018). POLLUX trial used daratumumab (D)-Ld regimen in 569 R/R patients in phase III. PFS at 3 y was 55% vs 27% (DLd vs Ld) in pts with 1-3 prior therapies. With 56% CR and 80% VGPR; ORR was 93% vs 76%. DLd arm achieved 30% minimal residual disease (MRD)-negative status compared to 5% in Ld arm (p<0.001). OS at 3-yr was 34% vs 42%. G≥3 AEs were neutropenia (55%), anemia (18%), thrombocytopenia (15%) and pneumonia (14%). (Bahlis et al. 2018). CASTOR trial in phase III (n=498) showed 18-mo PFS of 48% vs 7.9% in DBd vs Bd arm in R/R pts (HR: 0.31 (0.24-0.39); p<0.0001). ORR was 83.8% (CR 28.8%+ sCR 8.8% + VGPR 62.1%) vs 63.2% (p<0.001). DBd-treatment led to 11.6% MRD-negative status vs 2.4% in Bd-treated pts (p=0.000034). Thrombocytopenia (45.7%), anemia (15.2%) and neutropenia (13.6%) were G≥3 AEs. (Spencer et al. 2018). A Phase III trial (n=737) observed 30 mo PFS of (66 vs 52) % in ≥75 y old pts [HR 0.63 (0.44-0.92)] with DLd vs Ld arms in ND transplant ineligible pts with ORR of (90 vs 81) % (≥CR 41% + ≥VGPR 77%). MRD- negative rate was (19 vs 8) % in DLd vs Ld arms respectively. G≥3 AEs were neutropenia (60%), lymphopenia (19%), anemia (16%), pneumonia (15%) and leukopenia (12%). <75 y old showed ORR of (95 vs 82) % with 30 mo PFS of (75 vs 58) % in both arms. (Usmani et al 2019). Conclusion: Elotuzumab and daratumumab based 3-drug combinations showing great improvements in ORR, PFS and OS of ND and RR MM patients with favorable toxicity profile. Disclosures Anwer: In-Cyte: Speakers Bureau; Seattle Genetics: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees.

BackgroundTumor infiltrating T-cells have a prognostic benefit in many tumor types,1–8 and we recently sought to determine whether the level of T-cell infiltration into renal tumors predicts clinical outcomes. In our recent publication,9 we showed that patients with high of CD8 T-cell infiltration have improved progression free survival (PFS). Further, we found that this T-cell response is supported by TCF1+ stem-like CD8 T-cells, which reside within dense regions of closely clustered antigen presenting cells within the tumor. Interestingly, aggregations of immune cells have also been described in other tumor types and termed ‘tertiary lymphoid structures’ (TLS), which are typically defined as B-cell-dominant aggregates, containing high endothelial venules and reactive germinal centers.10–12 Together, these findings raise several important questions, which we explore here—(1) what additional cell types comprise these niches?9 and (2) how are these niches similar to or different from TLS?MethodsTumor tissue was collected from patients with renal tumors undergoing surgery at Emory University Hospital. Intraoperative tumor samples were analyzed by flow cytometry, RNA sequencing, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry. Immunofluorescence data was analyzed using our custom quantitative analysis pipelines, which allows for delineation of cell type and location, cell-cell distance, and density of cellular aggregation.ResultsThe proportion of CD8 T-cells infiltration human renal tumors varied widely, consistent with our previous reports.9 TCF1+ stem-like CD8 T-cells were identifiable by both flow cytometry and immunofluorescence and resided in dense antigen presenting niches. Quantitative immunofluorescence revealed the location of aSMA+ fibroblasts within tumor tissue, in relation to antigen presenting niches, and in tumors with many infiltrating T-cells. Pathologist scored hematoxylin and eosin-stained slides were delineated TLS+ or TLS-. Quantitative immunofluorescence imaging analysis revealed the detailed composition of tumor infiltrating immune cell populations and the contrasting cellular organization in TLS as compared to in antigen presenting niches.ConclusionsAs we have shown CD8 T-cell infiltration to predict PFS in renal tumors and that antigen presenting niches containing stem-like cells maintain the anti-tumor T-cell response,9 it is critical to understand the additional cell types present in these niches and to understand how these niches relate to previously described phenomena of immune organization, such as TLS.10–12 This mechanistic understanding of the anti-tumor immune response represents an opportunity to inform development of enhanced prognostic tools and innovative therapeutic possibilities.ReferencesAzimi F, et al. Tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte grade is an independent predictor of sentinel lymph node status and survival in patients with cutaneous melanoma. J Clin Oncol 2012;30(21):2678–83. Epub 2012/06/20. doi: 10.1200/jco.2011.37.8539. PubMed PMID: 22711850.Galon J, et al. Type, density, and location of immune cells within human colorectal tumors predict clinical outcome. Science 2006;313(5795):1960–4. Epub 2006/09/30. doi: 10.1126/science.1129139. PubMed PMID: 17008531.Mlecnik B, et al. Integrative analyses of colorectal cancer show immunoscore is a stronger predictor of patient survival than microsatellite instability. Immunity 2016;44(3):698–711. Epub 2016/03/18. doi: 10.1016/j.immuni.2016.02.025. PubMed PMID: 26982367.Mlecnik B, et al. Histopathologic-based prognostic factors of colorectal cancers are associated with the state of the local immune reaction. J Clin Oncol 2011;29(6):610–8. Epub 2011/01/20. doi: 10.1200/JCO.2010.30.5425. PubMed PMID: 21245428.Pagès F, et al. Immune infiltration in human tumors: a prognostic factor that should not be ignored. Oncogene 2009;29:1093. doi: 10.1038/onc.2009.416.Peranzoni E, et al. Macrophages impede CD8 T cells from reaching tumor cells and limit the efficacy of anti-PD-1 treatment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2018;115(17):E4041–E50. Epub 2018/04/11. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1720948115. PubMed PMID: 29632196.Savas P, et al. Single-cell profiling of breast cancer T cells reveals a tissue-resident memory subset associated with improved prognosis. Nat Med 2018;24(7):986–93. Epub 2018/06/27. doi: 10.1038/s41591-018-0078-7. PubMed PMID: 29942092.Tosolini M, et al. Clinical impact of different classes of infiltrating T cytotoxic and helper cells (Th1, th2, treg, th17) in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Res 2011;71(4):1263–71. Epub 2011/02/10. doi: 10.1158/0008-5472.Can-10-2907. PubMed PMID: 21303976.Jansen CS, et al. An intra-tumoral niche maintains and differentiates stem-like CD8 T cells. Nature 2019;576(7787):465–70. doi: 10.1038/s41586-019-1836-5.Dieu-Nosjean MC, et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures in cancer and beyond. Trends Immunol 2014;35(11):571–80. Epub 2014/12/03. doi: 10.1016/j.it.2014.09.006. PubMed PMID: 25443495.Goc J, et al. Characteristics of tertiary lymphoid structures in primary cancers. Oncoimmunology 2013;2(12):e26836. Epub 2014/02/06. doi: 10.4161/onci.26836. PubMed PMID: 24498556; PMCID: PMC3912008.Sautes-Fridman C, et al. Tertiary lymphoid structures in the era of cancer immunotherapy. Nature reviews Cancer 2019;19(6):307–25. Epub 2019/05/17. doi: 10.1038/s41568-019-0144-6. PubMed PMID: 31092904.Ethics ApprovalSamples are collected under an approved IRB protocol (The Urological Satellite Specimen Bank at Emory University, IRB00055316). All patients provided informed consent.ConsentSamples are collected under an approved IRB protocol (The Urological Satellite Specimen Bank at Emory University, IRB00055316). All patients provided informed consent.

Resumen: El objetivo de la presente investigación es explorar la estructura y el contenido de una red de usuarios de abuso sexual basado en imágenes en Twitter. Para ello se analizaron los perfiles de Twitter que contienen la palabra "Quemón o “Nudes” utilizando análisis de redes, técnicas de procesamiento natural del lenguaje. Entre 2017 y 2018 hubo una comunidad de abuso sexual basado en imágenes en Twitter. Al menos 329 usuarios se dedicaron y se auto describieron como cuentas sexualmente explícitas, vengativas, y en donde contenido sexual no consensual podía ser compartido de forma anónima. Ya con seguidores, la red comprende a más de 130,000 personas. Esta es una estimación conservadora, más cuentas podrían utilizar diferentes palabras clave, no tener ninguna descripción, o formar parte de comunidades privadas. Estos resultados sugieren que los consumidores de contenido de abuso sexual basado en imágenes son los principales responsables de su propagación. Abstract: This study aimed to explore the structure and content of an image-based sexual abuse user network on Twitter. For this purpose, Twitter profiles containing the word “Quemones” or "Nudes" were analyzed using network analysis, natural language processing techniques. Between 2017 and 2018 there was a community of image-based sexual abuse on Twitter. At least 329 users engaged in and self- described themselves as sexually explicit, vindictive accounts, and where nonconsensual sexual content could be shared anonymously. Already with followers, the network comprises more than 130,000 people. This is a conservative estimate; more accounts could use different keywords, have no description, or be part of private communities. These results suggest that consumers of image-based sexual abuse content are primarily responsible for its spread. Fuentes de Consulta: Allen, W. D. (2007). The Reporting and Underreporting of Rape. Southern Economic Journal, 73(3), 623–641. https://doi.org/10.2307/20111915 Angelides, S. (2013). ‘Technology, hormones, and stupidity’: The affective politics of teenage sexting. Sexualities, 16(5–6), 665–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363460713487289 Baum, M. A., Cohen, D. K., & Yuri, M. C. (2018). Rape Culture and Its Effects: Evidence from U.S. Newspapers, 2000-2013. Quarterly Journal of Political Science, 13(3), 263–289. Blondel, V. D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R., & Lefebvre, E. (2008). Fast unfolding of communities in large networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment, 2008(10), P10008. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-5468/2008/10/P10008 Boeringer, S. B. (1994). Pornography and sexual aggression: Associations of violent and nonviolent depictions with rape and rape proclivity. Deviant Behavior, 15(3), 289–304. https://doi.org/10.1080/01639625.1994.9967974 Chou, W. S., Hunt, Y. M., Beckjord, E. B., Moser, R. P., & Hesse, B. W. (2009). Social Media Use in the United States: Implications for Health Communication. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 11(4). https://doi.org/10.2196/jmir.1249 CIET Africa. (1998). Prevention of sexual violence. A social Audit of the role of the police in the jurisdiction of Johannesburg’s Southern Metropolitan Local Council. Johannesburg. Citron, D. K., & Franks, M. A. (2016). Criminalizing Revenge Porn, 38. Crofts, T., Lee, M., McGovern, A., & Milivojevic, S. (2015). Sexting and Young People. UK: Palgrave Macmillan. Dir, A. L., & Cyders, M. A. (2015). Risks, Risk Factors, and Outcomes Associated with Phone and Internet Sexting Among University Students in the United States. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 44(6), 1675–1684. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-014-0370-7 Döring, N. (2014). Consensual sexting among adolescents: Risk prevention through abstinence education or safer sexting? Cyberpsychology: Journal of Psychosocial Research on Cyberspace, 8(1). Retrieved from https://cyberpsychology.eu/article/view/4303 Duxbury, S. W., & Haynie, D. L. (2018). The Network Structure of Opioid Distribution on a Darknet Cryptomarket. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 34(4), 921–941. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10940-017-9359-4 Faloutsos, M., Faloutsos, P., & Faloutsos, C. (1999). On Power-Law Relationships of the Internet Topology. In Proceedings of the Conference on Applications, Technologies, Architectures, and Protocols for Computer Communication (pp. 251–262). Figueredo, A. J., Gladden, P. R., Sisco, M. M., Patch, E. A., & Jones, D. N. (2015). The Unholy Trinity: The Dark Triad, Sexual Coercion, and Brunswik-Symmetry. Evolutionary Psychology, 13(2), 147470491501300220. https://doi.org/10.1177/147470491501300208 Gámez-Guadix, M., Almendros, C., Borrajo, E., & Calvete, E. (2015). Prevalence and Association of Sexting and Online Sexual Victimization Among Spanish Adults. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 12(2), 145–154. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-015-0186-9 Harkness, E. L., Mullan, B., & Blaszczynski, A. (2015). Association Between Pornography Use and Sexual Risk Behaviors in Adult Consumers: A Systematic Review. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18(2), 59–71. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0343 Hsieh, H.-F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687 INEGI. (2017). Encuesta Nacional de Victimización y Percepción Sobe Seguridad Pública (ENVIPE) 2017 (p. 18). Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Retrieved from http://www.beta.inegi.org.mx/proyectos/enchogares/regulares/envipe/2017/ INEGI. (2018). Banco de Información Económica (BIE) (Data Base). Mexico: Instituto Nacional de Estadística y Geografía. Retrieved from http://www.inegi.org.mx/Sistemas/BIE/Default.aspx?Topic=0&idserPadre=10100360#D10100360 Jewkes, R., & Abrahams, N. (2002). The epidemiology of rape and sexual coercion in South Africa: an overview. Social Science & Medicine, 55(7), 1231–1244. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-9536(01)00242-8 Jonason, P. K., Girgis, M., & Milne-Home, J. (2017). The Exploitive Mating Strategy of the Dark Triad Traits: Tests of Rape-Enabling Attitudes. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 46(3), 697–706. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-0937-1 Karaian, L. (2014). Policing ‘sexting’: Responsibilization, respectability and sexual subjectivity in child protection/crime prevention responses to teenagers’ digital sexual expression. Theoretical Criminology, 18(3), 282–299. https://doi.org/10.1177/1362480613504331 Kjellgren, C., Priebe, G., Svedin, C. G., & Långström, N. (2010). Sexually Coercive Behavior in Male Youth: Population Survey of General and Specific Risk Factors. Archives of Sexual Behavior, 39(5), 1161–1169. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-009-9572-9 Kleinberg, J. M. (1999). Hubs, authorities, and communities. ACM Computing Surveys, 31(4es), 5-es. https://doi.org/10.1145/345966.345982 Makin, D. A., & Morczek, A. L. (2015). The Dark Side Of Internet Searches: A Macro Level Assessment Of Rape Culture. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22057 Marganski, A., & Melander, L. (2015). Intimate Partner Violence Victimization in the Cyber and Real World: Examining the Extent of Cyber Aggression Experiences and Its Association With In-Person Dating Violence. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 1–25. Newman, M. E. J. (2001). Clustering and preferential attachment in growing networks. Physical Review E, 64(2). https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.64.025102 Newman, Mark E. J. (2016). Networks: an introduction (Reprinted). Oxford: Oxford University Press. Ojanen, T. T., Boonmongkon, P., Samakkeekarom, R., Samoh, N., Cholratana, M., & Guadamuz, T. E. (2015). Connections between online harassment and offline violence among youth in Central Thailand. Child Abuse & Neglect, 44, 159–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.04.001 Park, B., Wilson, G., Berger, J., Christman, M., Reina, B., Bishop, F., … Doan, A. (2016). Is Internet Pornography Causing Sexual Dysfunctions? A Review with Clinical Reports. Behavioral Sciences, 6(3), 17. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs6030017 Pina, A., Holland, J., & James, M. (2017). The Malevolent Side of Revenge Porn Proclivity: Dark Personality Traits and Sexist Ideology. International Journal of Technoethics, 8(1), 30–43. https://doi.org/10.4018/IJT.2017010103 Powell, A., & Henry, N. (2017). Sexual Violence in a Digital Age. Palgrave Macmillan. Powell, A., Henry, N., & Flynn, A. (2018). Image-Based Sexual Abuse. In Routledge Handbook of Critical Criminology (2nd Edition, pp. 305–315). Routledge. Priebe, G., & Svedin, C. G. (2012). Online or off-line victimisation and psychological well-being: a comparison of sexual-minority and heterosexual youth. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 21(10), 569–582. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-012-0294-5 Reed, L. A., Tolman, R. M., & Ward, L. M. (2016). Snooping and Sexting: Digital Media as a Context for Dating Aggression and Abuse Among College Students. Violence Against Women, 22(13), 1556–1576. https://doi.org/10.1177/1077801216630143 SEGOB. (2018). Incidencia Delictiva del Fuero Común 2018 (pp. 1–68). Mexico: Secretaría de Gobernación; Secretariado Ejecutivo del Sistema Nacional de Seguridad Publica. Retrieved from http://secretariadoejecutivo.gob.mx/docs/pdfs/nueva-metodologia/CNSP-Delitos-2018.pdf Shearer, E., & Gottfried, J. (2017, September 7). News Use Across Social Media Platforms 2017. Retrieved February 22, 2018, from http://www.journalism.org/2017/09/07/news-use-across-social-media-platforms-2017/ Strohmaier, H., Murphy, M., & DeMatteo, D. (2014). Youth Sexting: Prevalence Rates, Driving Motivations, and the Deterrent Effect of Legal Consequences. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 11(3), 245–255. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-014-0162-9 Thompson, M. P., & Morrison, D. J. (2013). Prospective predictors of technology-based sexual coercion by college males. Psychology of Violence, 3(3), 233–246. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030904 Wagner, A. K., Soumerai, S. B., Zhang, F., & Ross-Degnan, D. (2002). Segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series studies in medication use research. Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics, 27(4), 299–309. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2710.2002.00430.x Walker, K., & Sleath, E. (2017). A systematic review of the current knowledge regarding revenge pornography and non-consensual sharing of sexually explicit media. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 36, 9–24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2017.06.010 Walker, S., Sanci, L., & Temple-Smith, M. (2013). Sexting: Young Women’s and Men’s Views on Its Nature and Origins. Journal of Adolescent Health, 52(6), 697–701. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jadohealth.2013.01.026