Journal articles on the topic 'Science and technology libraries'

The role of adaptive librarians affects the implementation of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), especially in governmental libraries. It adjusts the competencies and abilities needed by librarians. Therefore, librarians are required to rebuild and improve their skills related to ICT. In Indonesia, Standar Kompetensi Kerja Nasional Indonesia (SKKNI) 2019 is used as a national education & training framework for librarians. To explore this theme according to SKKNI, a sequential exploratory research was conducted with contributions from librarians and/or library staff who work in governmental libraries across the Republic of Indonesia. Through in-depth interviews, focused group discussions with 28 librarians from 14 governmental libraries in Jabodetabek, also an online survey (74 respondents), the researchers were able to gain a pattern that showed the tendency of higher ability level in the competency units related to ICT utilization in the library than the competency units in developing library information systems. The unit of competence with the highest mean score is the unit of competence related to multimedia production, including the management of the library’s social media content. Aligning with this result, National Library as the central supervisor for the librarian needs to collaborate with related stakeholders, especially in accommodating competence development efforts to build a national digital ecosystem. Those efforts include the formulation of continuing development program -gradual education and training program. Through this collaboration between various stakeholders, the development of librarian competencies specifically within governmental libraries can be carried out efficiently, following the real needs in the field.

Starting in 1988, the Indonesian government has authorized the librarian profession to become a functional position. Functional positions are regulated gradually, and finally with the decision of KEMENPAN RB 132/KEP/M.PAN/12/2002 concerning Functional Librarians. As a profession that the state has recognized, librarians must be responsible for all actions both of fellow librarian professions, organizations, and to themselves. Each member of the Indonesian Librarian Association is responsible for implementing the code of ethics in the highest standards for the needs of users, professions, libraries, professional organizations, and the community. Librarians must not only know about the librarian’s code of ethics, but librarians must also implement it. The purpose of this study is to determine the perception of students class of the 2019 library and information science study program on the importance of implementing the librarian code of ethics. Later, it can provide knowledge to libraries, especially in Indonesia about the importance of implementing a librarian code of ethics. The method used in this study is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The results showed that students of library and information science study program class of 2019 Indonesian Educational University strongly agreed to implement the librarian code of ethics according to IPI with results above 85%. The implementation of the code of ethics will impact the library and the librarian for the achievement of the shared goals of the library.

Metaverse is not a new technology, and has also been adapted by several libraries abroad. In Indonesia, many studies are still needed related to metaverse technology adaptation in libraries and the library that is most likely to carry out this adaptation is the higher education library. This is because higher education libraries generally have more qualified resources than other types of libraries. This study aims to see the readiness of Higher Education Libraries in adapting the Metaverse technology which is an analysis of the opinions of sources selected based on their respective competencies (purposive sampling). This study uses the Delphi technique which is part of the forecasting technique, by prioritizing the formation of consensus which is achieved through structured communication that is systematic and interactive. Based on the results of the analysis, twenty-four points were found which became pillars of the readiness of librarians and higher education libraries in adapting metaverse technology, and seven of them became the main pillars, namely ecosystem, collaboration, infrastructure, tools, budget, role models and legal aspects. If all of these seven prerequisite points have been met in Higher Education, then the adaptation of metaverse technology can run well. Recommendations for further research related to the readiness of librarian resources in adapting the metaverse in the university library and how the acceptance of users and the expectations of users in adapting metaverse technology in the library is needed as a follow-up research.

This paper surveyed the impact of Web developmental stages on academic libraries in Nigeria. Literature regarding technological advancements in Web developmental stages with the associated innovations in library services were collected and utilized for the paper. The literature was provided a baseline data for the paper. Library services which could leverage on information communication technology (ICT) were identified. The paper highlighted the technological innovations and tools associated with each Web developmental stage and outlined how these could be adopted and integrated into the mainstream of library operations in-order to ensure improved service delivery especially in academic libraries. It concluded that technology has proven to be the future of information management and dissemination. It, therefore, urged librarians/libraries to embrace technologies and move with the trend in the information industry. The paper recommended the incorporation of computer science in library schools to train librarians who are ICT-competent to drive the course of ICT-compliant libraries.

Purpose – In this paper three technological trends are explored. While these trends are not directly related to each other, the author posits that they are all manifestations of areas where libraries and librarians could play a more active role in using the technology to further the mission of the library. Taken together, the author discusses how these trends become a call to action for libraries and librarians to more directly engage in areas of responsibility outside their traditional domain if they wish to maintain a relevant role in the academy. Design/methodology/approach – In this paper, an analysis of three of the trends discussed in the “NMC Horizon Project short list: 2013 higher education edition” report is undertaken. From this analysis, the author evaluates the relevance, in both the short- and long-terms, of these trends to academic libraries. Findings – These three trends represent areas where libraries and librarians should attempt to become more directly involved in either using or exploiting technology. While two of these trends involve technology that is outside the traditional boundaries of librarianship, each of these technology trends will be increasingly critical to the higher education environment and it would behoove librarians to be at the forefront of thought leadership in these areas. Originality/value – In this article, the author takes what seem to be unrelated trends and finds a common thread among them. Part of understanding how the needs of a library’s user community may evolve over time is through identifying how a number of factors, many apparently unrelated, come together to change the overall focus and direction of patron needs. By looking at technology trends that are seemingly unrelated to libraries directly, the author develops a picture of what future directions academic libraries may take if they desire to maintain relevancy in a rapidly evolving technological landscape.

In 2007, the Chinese University of Hong Kong Library kicked off a conference series with the main theme of ‘Academic Librarian’. In 2016, the fourth conference of the series entitled Academic Librarian 4: Sustainable Academic Libraries: Now and Beyond was co-organized by the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Library and the Chinese University of Hong Kong Library. The Academic Librarian 4 Conference addresses the multi-dimensional issues of sustainability pertaining to academic libraries under four major themes: (1) Sustainable Environment; (2) Sustainable Resources; (3) Sustainable Technologies; and (4) Sustainable Services. Apart from reviewing the key issues concerning the sustainability of academic libraries brought up by the conference papers, the author also highlights the way in which the Academic Librarian 4 Conference made every effort to make this a sustainable library event.

Purpose Advancement in Information and communication technologies (ICTs) has revolutionised Library and Information Science (LIS) education and libraries. Both theory and practice have been transformed completely. LIS education programmes have become highly competitive and must be market-driven and technology-oriented. At the same time, academic libraries have been transformed and have become dynamic. Fostering a close collaboration between LIS educators and practitioners can multiply their strength and abilities by sharing educational resources and theoretical and practical knowledge. This paper aims to present the findings of a study carried out to investigate the current status of collaboration among LIS educators and library practitioners at the University of Botswana. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using self-administered structured questionnaires from both LIS educators at the Department of Library and Information Studies (DLIS) and practicing librarians working at the University of Botswana Library (UBL). To follow-up some of the issues, an interview was carried out with a subject librarian and a focus group discussion method was used to discuss some of the challenges from the findings. Findings The major collaborative activities from the DLIS staff were identified as the following: creating awareness of library resources and promoting library usage among students, facilitating library material selection and inviting librarians as guest lecturers to teach in the classroom. The main collaborative activities from practicing librarians were found to be the following: delivering information literacy instruction, providing professional/practical experience to students and information sharing with the DLIS teaching staff. The major challenges were identified as the following: different cultures of educators and librarians, lack of need to collaborate and lack of formal policy at the department and the university level. Research limitations/implications The UBL has 51 library staff members. All the librarians were not included in this research study, only senior librarians and library management were involved in the study. No theoretical framework was used to carry out the study. The questionnaire was designed based on the general literature in the field of professional collaboration among faculty and educators in the information profession. The follow-up interview and focus group discussion were conducted to address the collaborative activities and challenges that were acknowledged by at least 50 per cent of the participants. Issues with less than 50 per cent responses were considered insignificant to follow-up. Follow-up interview was conducted only with one subject librarian. As all subject librarians have the same job profile and undertake the similar activities, it was assumed that one subject librarian can represent others. Originality/value This research paper contributes to the body of literature. It may be useful for other LIS schools and libraries that work in similar environments, and it also opens up avenues for further research on this topical issue.

This study aims to identify the professionalism of librarians in utilizing the use of information and sharing information to support and develop digital libraries (E-Library). Research methods. This study uses a qualitative method based on rationalism. This study uses an analysis by looking at “morals and character based on rationalism. The data collection is based on literature, observations, and social media sources relevant to this research.” Results and Discussion. The moral movement is the main key to working librarian loyalty in information literacy, supported by the principles of interoperability towards the rules and code of ethics of librarians. Digital library linkage integration, linkage, and collaboration. Integration and linkage between various data formats in large quantities and distributed through global telematics networks. Conclusions and recommendations." Professional librarians must strive to improve their mastery of science and technology as well as information, as well as in the completion and conduct of librarianship tasks, one of which is to support the usefulness of e-libraries. Moral is related to character, philosophy of "kindness" for librarians who can develop the science of "librarianship".

The paper is devoted to the anniversary of RAS SB Novosibirsk Research Center Central Library the division State Public Library for Science and Technology of the Russian Academy of Sciences Siberian Branch. The origins of the Library are highlighted. The integrated information resource under the review reflects not only the history of library services but also the current stage on technology implementation, libraries and science reforming. The significance of the resource for the librarians and researchers, who study the history of librarianship in Siberia, is emphasized.

The study investigated the extent to which technological advances are affecting the development of digital libraries in universities in Ghana. Using the case study approach, interviews were conducted with university librarians and information technology (IT) officers of three public universities in Ghana. In all, six staff members (i.e., two representatives each from the three libraries at the University of Ghana (UG), the Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), and the University of Cape Coast (UCC)) were interviewed. Their views on the available information communications technology (ICT) infrastructure which would enable access to digital content and services, such as online databases, institutional repositories, online public access catalogues (OPACs) and World Wide Web (www) resources, were obtained. The findings revealed that all three universities have the basic ICT infrastructure to enable users to access digital content. However, there was restricted access to the OPAC; lack of visibility of the library website; and inadequate use of Web 2.0 tools in some of the libraries. Therefore, the study recommends the hiring of more multi-skilled librarians who would provide the necessary support for digital resources and services.

In order to solve the library’s demand for computer network technology, a research on the library’s personal system service is proposed. A library-based self-service model was originally designed and developed. The system is developed from six aspects: resource association analysis and mining, reading interest analysis, data collection, personal service, personal service scheduling, and data warehouse. Secondly, it shows that this study has done some research on library application itself and completed some research. Finally, libraries can accomplish personal services in a variety of ways, such as distributing modifications, smart administrators, vertical portals, pushers, and more. In foreign libraries and universities represented by North Carolina State University and the Data and Information Center of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, the construction of personal data in digital libraries has become an important part of future development. According to the law, 57.9% and 65.0% of users ranked search engines as second only to e-mail in the China Internet Improvement Data released by the China Internet Network Information Center in 2000 and 2005, respectively.

The Web sites that academic libraries are developing for their research communities represent an important new aspect of information management. Comparative statistical analysis of Web site usage among similar institutions would improve librarians’ ability to evaluate the effectiveness of their efforts. A centralized voluntary reporting structure for Web server usage statistics, coordinated by the Association of Research Libraries’ (ARL’s) Office of Statistics, would provide a significant service to academic librarians. Factors to consider in designing such a benchmarking program are discussed, based on a pilot study of Web site usage statistics from fourteen science and technology libraries.

Abstract Digital information infrastructures such as Google or Wikipedia are often compared to libraries. As traditional libraries, they support the circulation of knowledge resources. However, they are neither operated by nor designed for library institutions. In order to describe the contribution of libraries to the digital infrastructures of the 21st century more precisely, the term Library Technology is applied in this text. Library Technology will be demarcated from terms such as Digital Libraries, a frequently used concept in Computer Science and colloquial language. The focus lies on present and future developments of infrastructures in science, such as the European Science Cloud (EOSC). It is suggested that the original contribution of libraries to current and future data infrastructure is present but not explicitly visible or referenced in communications. This rather hidden, implicit role is interpreted to be detrimental to the library identity in the 21st century. It is recommended to reference the role of the library more explicitly.

The facilities and resources of the libraries determine their performance, therefore the development and improvements of physical facilities and librarians’ workplace must always be in the focus, along with the library’s functions, structure, and vectors of activities. The efficiently designed, comfortable, organized and technological workplace increases productivity. The latest achievements of science, technology and ergonomics contribute to efficient infrastructure, premises and collection utilization, and employees’ performance. Innovative workplace arrangement stimulates employees to develop interactive and other communications and to meet modern users’ demands to the fullest extent possible. The authors prove the necessity of developing library facilities and resources taking into account the state of modern society, science and technology. For this purpose, the librarians, architects, engineers, furniture manufacturers, designers and local authorities must join their efforts. The authors present the findings of the research based on the librarians’ survey and identify their preferences and ideal workplace image.

Currently, data are stored in an always-on condition, and can be globally accessed at any point, by any user. Data librarianship has its origins in the social sciences. In particular, the creation of data services and data archives, in the United Kingdom (Data Archives Services) and in the United States and Canada (Data Library Services), is a key factor for the emergence of data librarianship. The focus of data librarianship nowadays is on the creation of new library services. Data librarians are concerned with the proposition of services for data management and curation in academic libraries and other research organizations. The purpose of this paper is to understand how the complexity of the data can serve as the basis for identifying the technical skills required by data librarians. This essay is systematically divided, first introducing the concepts of data and research data in data librarianship, followed by an overview of data science as a theory, method, and technology to assess data. Next, the identification of the competencies and skills required by data scientists and data librarians are discussed. Our final remarks highlight that data librarians should understand that the complexity and novelty associated with data science praxis. Data science provides new methods and practices for data librarianship. A data librarian need not become a programmer, statistician, or database manager, but should be interested in learning about the languages and programming logic of computers, databases, and information retrieval tools. We believe that numerous kinds of scientific data research provide opportunities for a data librarian to engage with data science.

Virtual and augmented reality technologies provide access to learning materials and improve the organization of a modern library’s media space. This article aims to identify the significance and role of virtual and augmented reality technologies in the modern library's media space organization. The research uses a university library case study methodology to empirically investigate virtual and augmented reality technologies. Virtual and augmented reality technologies provide research and improve learning outcomes by engaging students and learners with significant interest in such technologies. Libraries offer users the opportunity to create their VR content through available software. Students can test their VR content in the libraries’ labs. Libraries support access to a variety of virtual and augmented reality content. The content is accessed using “virtual reality headsets” for viewing and workstations with “authoring software and loanable 360 cameras” for creating. The library lab is a space to support students’ digital creativity and research through virtual and augmented reality. There are 3D Design Labs within the libraries as a medium to large group design learning spaces with virtual reality technology. Libraries form a media space where users can create videos, podcasts, portfolios, edit media, and book tours, and students and researchers can explore different scientific knowledge. In this way, technology ensures that risks in learning are minimized as opposed to hands-on seminars and classes.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to discuss the implementation of a skills development project aimed at increasing the technology competencies of participating librarians in Columbia University’s Science & Engineering Libraries, in response to changing instructional needs. Design/methodology/approach Adopting a DIY or Maker learning model gave librarians a perfect opportunity to experience learning new technology skills just as their users encounter them. Findings The authors conclude that this collaborative project methodology could potentially fit a large variety of different library environments, providing other institutions with an excellent opportunity to reassess and revamp staff skills, no matter their instructional focus. Originality/value The literature notes that previous library staff training models were largely devised for newly matriculated Library and Information Science graduates preparing to enter the workforce. Burgeoning technology developments require libraries to explore novel methods to expose staff to new technology skills; this case study applies the programmatic lens of the Maker Movement to a collaborative staff learning model.

Abstract: There is no doubt that the integration of ICT in the provision of library services can bring great benefits to the entire community and the nation. ICTs, which continue to be a support tool for the provision of up-to-date and timely information and library services, are also essential for sustainable development .This paper is an attempt to examine the critical role that information and communication technology (ICT). How it plays important role in the management and delivery of library services in sustainable development. Despite the wide range of opportunities offered by the advent of ICT, it has been observed that the application of ICT to library services appears inadequate, probably due to several challenges. Using the simple literature search methodology, the paper sought to review the related literature on ICT resources and ICT-based services in libraries, the benefits of ICT and the role of libraries in sustainable development. The document also identified the challenges of using ICT in libraries. Among other things, it was recommended to improve the capacity and level of adoption of ICT by libraries. Keywords: Information and Communication Technology (ICT), Libraries, Sustainable Development, ICT-based library services

In the institutions of higher education around the world, libraries are important institutions for dissemination of knowledge and promotion of the researches. Due to the continuous development and advancement of modern science and technology, the content and quality of services provided by the libraries should also be constantly optimized in order to better meet the growing needs for the development of higher education and university science. This places increasing demands on the quality of librarian training. The article analyzes the current situation with personnel management in the libraries of universities of the PRC, discusses the strategy for optimizing library activities, and assesses the effectiveness of work.

A potent research tool for high-throughput protein interaction screening is a combinatorial phage library. Phage display has established itself as the most widely used molecular display technology. It is possible to find peptides that can bind target molecules and control their function by screening phage- displayed random peptide libraries. B-cell and T-cell epitope mapping, selecting bioactive peptides bound to receptors or proteins, disease-specific antigen mimics, peptides bound to non-protein targets, cell- or organ-specific peptides, and developing peptide-mediated drug delivery systems are all possible uses for phage-displayed peptide libraries. For fundamental science and translational medicine, employing peptides as targets that have been discovered through phage display technology may be helpful. The most recent developments in the use of phage-displayed peptide libraries for applied biomedical sciences are outlined in this review article.

<span>The adoption of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) technology by libraries promises a solution that could make it possible to inventory hundreds of thousands of items in their collections in days instead of months. In addition, it would allow patrons to check out and return library property automatically at any time of the day. Besides speeding up checkouts, keeping collections in better order, and alleviating repetitive strain injuries among librarians, RFID promises to provide a better control on theft, nonreturns, and misfiling of a library’s assets. With an estimated 35 million library items tagged worldwide in more than three hundred libraries, this technology is generating ever-increasing interest. In October and November 2004, the industrial technology department and the Robert E. Kennedy Library at Cal Poly State University, San Luis Obispo, surveyed participating libraries, RFID electronic discussion groups, and Library and Information Technology Association (LITA-L) electronic discussion group subscribers to collect information with regards to the implementation of RFID systems in libraries. Opinions were gathered regarding such topics, actual or estimated, as RFID implementation costs and time; the impact of the technology on operations such as handling of volumes and security; and RFID system features adopted such as conversion stations, self-checkout units, and security systems. Information on the various RFID library components and the results from the survey are presented in this paper.</span>

Thesis/purpose of the article – the purpose of this article is to present the impact of new information technologies on building and cataloguing library resources, and the ways modern research libraries have been functioning in the last 25 years. Methods – the analysis presented in the article is based on a thorough review of the literature, including conference proceedings, reports documenting the activities of research libraries, a study of statistical data illustrating changes in library holdings as well the author’s own knowledge and expertise acquired in the course of her work at the Jagiellonian Library and in cooperation with other libraries. Results / conclusions – the dissemination and implementation of new information technology has resulted in libraries starting to work in a hybrid model. Using modern tools they support both analogue and digital data as well metadata. Librarians, analysing the use of resources offered to users, favour to an increasing extent an access library model. The creation and development of this hybrid information environment has resulted in a wide cooperation of librarians that seems to facilitate meeting the coming challenges and changes in the way libraries will function in 21st century, where an important part will most likely be played by the further development of information technology.

Background. Augmented reality (AR) is a digital layer in the physical environment, which adds virtual elements to the real world. Academic libraries must meet certain criteria to enter fourth-generation libraries, one of which is the use of new technologies. The aim of this study was to investigate academic librarians' views on the application of components of AR technology in the libraries of medical universities. Methods. The study was a cross-sectional survey study. The statistical population of the study included all librarians working at medical science universities in Iran. The sample size comprised 183 librarians who participated in the present research study. Quantitative research approach and research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. Internal validity of the questionnaire was assessed through CVI and reliability was assessed, using ICC (validity within and between assessors). The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of 10 experts in the field of information science and AR technology and its reliability was obtained with Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient of 0.96 and test-retest method. Using the online questionnaire, the librarians' perspective data on the components of familiarity, facilities, application, advantages, opportunities and limitations were collected in the form of 5 Likert questions. Data analysis with SPSS software was used through independent t-test, ANOVA and Tukey to evaluate the status of AR technology components. Results. The general attitude of librarians towards the components of application, facilities, advantages, opportunities and limitations of AR technology was on the scale of five Likert options with an average total score of 3.75. 0.05. Overall, 73.65% of librarians agreed with AR technology and 86.99% agreed with its use component in the libraries of medical universities. The results of the Tukey test showed that more graduate students than those with doctoral degrees agreed with the component of facilities available in university libraries to launch AR. Librarians older than 50 years considered the AR component in library management and assistance to librarians to be more effective than those under 30 years of age (P <0.05). Conclusion. According to the results of the present study, the most important components for the use of AR technology in the libraries of medical universities to strengthen user education included the existence of appropriate content, usefulness, providing diverse services, user guidance, location and the opportunity to implement AR on a larger scale. The librarians' attitudes toward launching AR technology were favorable and they agreed with its applicability. Background Augmented reality (AR) is a digital layer in the physical environment, which adds virtual elements to the real world. Academic libraries must meet certain criteria to enter fourth-generation libraries, one of which is the use of new technologies. The aim of this study was to investigate librarians' views on the components of augmented reality technology in the libraries of medical universities. Methods The research method was survey and the type of study was applied. Quantitative research approach and research tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population comprised 183 academic librarians in medical science universities under supervision of Ministry of Health and Medical Education in Iran. Data was collected by using an online survey conducted with 52 questions to examine familiarity of librarians with AR, its application, potential advantages, opportunities, and challenges in medical science university libraries in 2021. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collect data. This instrument had ten sections. It first examined the respondents' demographic information (age, sex, occupation, and level of education). The other sections examined their familiarity with AR technology (one question), the application of AR technology (12 questions), facilities and requirements of AR technology (four questions), acceptance of AR (three questions), advantages of AR (nine questions), helping with library management (seven questions), helping users (four questions), helping librarians (eight questions), AR technology limitations (one question), and AR technology opportunities (three questions). The reliability of an instrument is related to the degree of its stability in measuring the intended construct. To ensure the face and content validity, the questionnaire was examined and approved by several professors and experts, and then modified based on their comments. The internal validity of the questionnaire was assessed through CVI and its reliability was assessed using ICC (validity within and between assessors). The face validity of the questionnaire was confirmed using the opinions of 10 experts in the field of information science and augmented reality technology and its reliability was obtained through test-retest method and the calculated Cronbach's alpha correlation coefficient was 0.96. Using the online questionnaire, librarians' perspective data on the components of familiarity, facilities, application, advantages, opportunities and limitations were collected in the form of 5 Likert questions (from grade 1 strongly disagree to grade 5 strongly agree). Data analysis by SPSS software was used through independent t-test, ANOVA and Tukey to evaluate the status of augmented reality technology components. Results The librarians' overall attitude toward AR technology was assessed on a five-point Likert scale, with the mean of 3.75 and a standard deviation of 0.59. In general, they agreed with 73.65% of the ten items. Compared to other components, the application of AR technology had an average of 4.17(86.99%) and the highest score. The general attitude of librarians towards the components of application, facilities, advantages, opportunities and limitations of augmented reality technology was at a desirable level, 73.65% of librarians agreed with augmented reality technology and 86.99% agreed with its use component in the libraries of medical universities. The results of the Tukey test showed that more graduate students than those with doctoral degrees agreed with the component of facilities available in university libraries to launch augmented reality. Librarians older than 50 years considered the augmented reality component in library management and assistance to librarians to be more effective than those under 30 years of age (P <0.05). The ANOVA measured the relationship between the mean components of AR technology and the participants' age. According to Tukey's test, in terms of helping with library management, there was a significant difference (p-value = 0.007) in the age groups of >50 and <30 years, the score being higher in the >50 years' group. Based on Tukey's test, the relationship between librarianship and different age groups was evaluated, and the results showed a significant difference between the age groups of <30 and >50 years (p-value = 0.04). There was no significant difference between the components of AR technology based on the field of study. According to Tukey's test, the relationship between total score and different age groups was evaluated. The results indicated a significant difference between the average age groups of <30 years and >50 years (p-value =0.03). The total score was higher in the >50 years than the <30 years’ age group. Librarians' familiarity had an average of 3.02; 60.54% of them were familiar with AR technology. Thus, their familiarity with AR technology was above average (average=3 in Likert). To assess their views on the use of AR technology (application) in the libraries of medical universities, 12 sub-questions were asked about AR technology use, 83.48% of the librarians agreed with the AR applications in the library. Thus, their attitudes toward AR technology efficiency were at an optimal level. In terms of facilities and requirements for launching the AR technology, four items were provided in the questionnaire, 56.53% of the librarians agreed with the AR facilities and requirements in the academic library. Their attitudes towards facilitating the management of university libraries using technology were assessed via seven items about AR, 78.28% of the librarians agreed with all the statements. In terms of acceptance of technology, three items were provided in the questionnaire, 56.61% of the librarians agreed with the AR acceptance. Regarding the advantages of AR technology, nine items were provided in the questionnaire, 74.29% of the librarians agreed with the all items. Thus, their views on the benefits of technology in library management were at a desirable level. Eight questions in the category of helping librarians were asked and, the librarians agreed with all the statements (79.48%), showing a desirable level. The librarians were also asked about the specifics of AR technology for library users in four items. Based on the findings, a desirable level of agreement was found with all the statements (79.48%). One question was posed on the limits and challenges of AR technology, with 59.67% agreement, the agreement level was above average. The librarians also mentioned opportunities that AR technology conferred in three areas, 77.77% of them agreed with all of the statements. Conclusion Librarians' attitudes toward launching augmented reality technology were favorable and they agreed with its applicability. According to the results of the present study, the most important components of the use of augmented reality technology in the libraries of medical universities to strengthen user education included the existence of appropriate content, usefulness, providing diverse services, user guidance, location and opportunity to implement augmented reality on a larger scale. The application of AR technology, measured by 12 items from the point of view of librarians, had the highest score compared to other components. The librarians believe in the applicability of AR technology in different sections of the library. The benefits of AR technology for librarians are somewhat clear, and this is due to the nature of any technology and people's expectations of it. Therefore, based on the results, AR technology is potentially useful. According to the librarians, emerging technologies primarily create opportunities and facilitate works due to using new library software, databases, devices, and tools. University libraries must implement new equipment according to the needs of society to retain their users and disseminate information and knowledge to the audience as their main goal. The librarians' attitude toward AR technology was desirable. Practical Implications of Research The results of the study show that librarians acknowledge the applicability of emerging augmented reality technology. Improving the quality of library services, assisting librarians and the community of academic library users is done by librarians due to the acceptance of technology, so the libraries of medical universities can take steps to strengthen the specialized affairs of libraries by launching augmented reality technology in the library.Ethical Considerations In the present study, attention has been paid to all the items that are ethical requirements, including the condition of fidelity and honesty. Completion of the questionnaire did not require entering the name and the necessary assurance in the field of confidentiality had been given to the user. The participants’ consent had also been obtained before they participated in the study. Conflict of Interest There is no conflict of interest among the authors. Acknowledgment The present article is an excerpt from the doctoral dissertation entitled "Study of Augmented Reality Technology in the Libraries of the Ministry of Health and Medical Education of Iran" with the code 1202.8633. The authors of this article are grateful for the support of Payam-e-Noor University in conducting research and publishing this article, and for the esteemed reviewers who promoted the article.

Eighteen academic library users who are blind were interviewed about their experiences with academic libraries and the libraries’ websites using an open-ended questionnaire and recorded telephone interviews. The study approaches these topics from a user-centered perspective, with the idea that blind users themselves can provide particularly reliable insights into the issues and potential solutions that are most critical to them. Most participants used reference librarians’ assistance, and most had positive experiences. High-level screen reader users requested help with specific needs. A larger number of participants reported contacting a librarian because of feeling overwhelmed by the library website. In some cases, blind users and librarians worked verbally without the screen reader. Users were appreciative of librarians’ help but outcomes were not entirely positive. Other times, librarians worked with users to navigate with a screen reader, which sometimes led to greater independence. Some users expressed satisfaction with working with librarians verbally, particularly if websites did not seem screen reader user friendly, but many users preferred independence. Participants agreed it would be helpful if librarians knew how to use screen readers, or at least if librarians were familiar enough with screen readers to provide relevant verbal cues. Many users liked and used chat reference and many preferred Purdue Online Writing Lab (OWL) to learn citation style, though learning citation style was challenging. Questions such as reference librarians’ role when e-resources are not equally accessible deserve wider discussion in the library literature and in practice. Given the challenges described by the research participants and legal requirements for equally effective electronic and information technologies, libraries and librarians should approach reference services for blind users more proactively. Recommendations are provided.

Purpose – This paper aims to review the literature on mobile information services. It considers only peer-reviewed papers published in English between 2004 and 2014. Design/methodology/approach – The method of systematic review was adopted to collect and analyse the relevant literature. The searches were conducted during the last week of July 2014 on different databases, and in total, 76 papers were considered after applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. Findings – Seven themes emerged: “introducing mobile libraries”, “reporting on current trends”, “exploring users’ perceptions of libraries’ mobile services”, “presenting libraries’ mobile services”, “presenting mobile technology use in libraries”, “reporting case studies” and “reporting on evaluation of libraries’ mobile services”. It is evident that research on mobile libraries is very recent and focuses mainly on raising the Library and Information Science profession’s awareness of providing mobile information services. Research limitations – This literature review focused only on peer-reviewed papers published between 2004 and 2014 in English. Originality/value – This paper summarises and critically presents the relevant literature on libraries offering mobile information services. It informs libraries and librarians’ understanding of recent developments in mobile technology for the successful provision of information services.

A Review of: Walker, D. (2020). Libraries and the REF: How do librarians contribute to research excellence? Insights, 33(1), 6. https://doi.org/10.1629/uksg.497 Abstract Objective – To measure the extent to which libraries’ contributions to United Kingdom (UK) university research excellence were referenced in the Research Excellence Framework (REF) 2014 unit-level research environment statements, and to make recommendations to libraries for increasing their visibility in the research setting. Design – Content analysis of an existing corpus. Setting – Evaluation of research environments conducted as part of the UK REF 2014 assessment. Subjects – 1,891 unit-level research environment statements submitted for REF 2014. Methods – Each unit-level research environment statement was categorized in terms of how extensively it referenced library or librarian contributions: no mention, brief mention, or substantive mention. The frequency and percentage of each level of mention are reported overall and by disciplinary panel. Main Results – Across all panels, only 25.8% of the statements included substantive references to the library or librarians; most of these were lists of electronic and physical collections, but they also included discussions of the research support services offered by librarians. There were disciplinary differences in the extent of the references to libraries, from 7.2% containing substantive references in a panel examining science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) units to 44.0% containing substantive references in the panel examining arts and humanities units. Conclusion – In REF 2014, libraries and librarians were rarely discussed in unit-level research environment statements. While this lack of representation may be due to shortcomings of the library’s relationship with the university’s research office, librarians could use a number of approaches to becoming more visible in the REF 2021 research environment statements. Specifically, they could highlight their roles in: ensuring discoverability and accessibility of information resources to researchers; improving research practices through teaching informational and organizational skills, providing direct support to research students and staff, and providing research data management services; managing the research information systems that capture and make discoverable the university’s non-article research outputs; providing support in relation to the responsible use of bibliometrics and other measures of article quality and impact; further developing article impact by training researchers to use social media to their advantage; developing open research initiatives; and assisting with the REF submission process.

Over the years, the library activity has been focused on libraries programs. But today, according to the scientific development of information technology in various fields including medicine Librarians and Medical Informatics sciences skills in new areas serving the medical community and patients has changed. In addition to changing activities, medical librarians working in the libraries of traditional state-centered research activities, new jobs have been created for graduates. In this study, a qualitative interview from librarians graduated between the years 80 to 93 and working in different parts of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences was created. According to the qualitative interviews, medical librarians have a strong presence in these activities:As well as doctors and care team members in different centers, such as research centers, training and knowledge management university, helping in the search for papers for scientific and academic staffs and provide access to the best evidence for them, Evidence-Based Medicine center(EBM), Research Development & Coordination Center (RDCC), Activity in publication center and convert documents into a suitable format and accepted as HTML or PDF or XML for inclusion in the Institutional Repository of the University Process data recording, content management, workshops for faculty and students, University survey activities in science centers, medical education and e-learning as well as other ancillary activities. Therefore, with respect to this research, due to the active participation of the medical librarian in research and teaching. In addition to the presentation of their competences librarians and medical informatics university, to show their presence and active. It is also supporting the Ministry of Health and medical universities, medical librarians and creating new posts of employment, their potential for research use,

Purpose This paper aims to clearly conceptualize the idea of the smart library and propose a holistic approach to building smart libraries, in accordance with recent practices and state-of-the-art technologies. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on an extensive review of existing literature and practice about library construction, this paper distinguishes between similar types of smart library and divides the concepts associated with smart library building into three dimensions: technology, service and human. Findings Traditional libraries can transform to smart libraries by strategic design and implementation of advanced technologies, such as cloud computing, data mining and artificial intelligence, but they also need to consider service building, user cultivation and librarian training. Originality/value Aligning to the three main dimensions of smart libraries (technology, service and human), this study clarifies the concept of the smart library and offers strategic principles: integration of infrastructures, construction of service and human learning. It provides guidelines and directions for public and academic libraries committed to becoming smart libraries.

Introduction. Digital libraries, as a form of library transformation, are tied to their role as educational centers for all communities. Libraries must maximize their role for millennial readers in this digital native era. This research aims to find out how library transformation contributes to the needs of librarians in the digital native era and also the librarian competencies that librarians must have. This is done because digital natives prefer the internet as the primary information reference source. Digital native is a description of the current generation who are used to fast responses, don't like to wait, and new technology makes them addictive. Research methods. This research is library research with a qualitative approach to obtain detailed information by exploring the substance of information or empirical data obtained from books, results of scientific or formal research reports, or other literature. Data Analysis. Data analysis is done by collecting articles and readings about library transformation and digital natives, which are then classified, analyzed, and interpreted to reach conclusions. Results and Discussion. This research concludes that libraries are obliged to realize data technology as an opportunity to develop rather than view it as an obstacle that will threaten the library's existence. Librarians must be ready and proactive about data technology, information and science advances. Librarians must be active, creative, innovative, and always follow advances in data technology. Conclusions and recommendations. Libraries must change service patterns and improve all matters related to library facilities. Keywords: Transformation, Library, Digital Native ================ Pendahuluan. Perpustakaan digital sebagai salah satu wujud transformasi perpustakaan terikat dengan perannya sebagai pusat pendidikan semua masyarakat. Perpustakaan harus mampu memaksimalkan peranannya buat pemustaka milenial di masa digital native ini. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana transformasi perpustakaan berkontribusi dengan kebutuhan pemustaka di era digital native dan juga kompetensi kepustakawanan yang harus dimiliki oleh pustakawannya. Hal tersebut dilakukan karena para digital native lebih memilih internet sebagai sumber utama rujukan informasi. Digital native merupakan gambaran generasi saat ini yang terbiasa dengan respon cepat, tidak suka menunggu dan teknologi baru membuatnya candu. Metode penelitian. Riset ini merupakan riset kepustakaan dengan pendekatan kualitatif guna memperoleh informasi yang detail, dengan mengeksplorasi substansi dari informasi ataupun data empirik yang diperoleh dari buku, hasil laporan riset ilmiah ataupun formal maupun dari literatur yang lain. Data Analisis. Analisis data dengan mengumpulkan artikel dan bacaan tentang transformasi perpustakaan dan digital native yang kemudian diklasifikasi, dianalisa dan diinterpretasi sampai mendapat kesimpulan. Hasil dan Pembahasan. Hasil riset tersebut menyimpulkan bahwa perpustakaan wajib merealisasikan teknologi data sebagai kesempatan untuk berkembang serta tidak menganggapnya sebagai hambatan yang akan mengancam eksistensi perpustakaan. Bagi pustakawan harus siap dan juga proaktif terhadap kemajuan teknologi data, informasi dan ilmu pengetahuan. Pustakawan harus aktif, kreatif, inovatif, serta selalu mengikuti kemajuan teknologi data tersebut. Kesimpulan dan Saran. Perpustakaan harus mengubah pola layanan dan membenahi semua hal yang berhubungan dengan fasilitas perpustakaan.