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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Science-Gravity'
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Nersisyan, Henrik [Verfasser], and Luca [Akademischer Betreuer] Amendola. "Infrared Nonlocal Gravity Theories : Optimizing Science Return to Euclid Satellite Mission / Henrik Nersisyan ; Betreuer: Luca Amendola." Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2017. http://d-nb.info/117801066X/34.
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Nicholson, Paul Stuart 1949. "Exploring pedagogical content knowledge : design principles for PCK-enhanced software arising from student-teachers' understandings of gravity." Monash University, Faculty of Education, 2001. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/9056.
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Zhao, Zhiling. "The Response of O(1S) and OH Emission Brightness to Gravity Wave Perturbations." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin989251411.
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Ritzer, Jason Andreas. "The Topography, Gravity, and Tectonics of the Terrestrial Planets." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1278603504.
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Lombardo, Marco. "Numerical simulations of the orbit determination of a small sat mission for gravity investigations based on Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/18501/.
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In the recent years small satellites technology is growing up very fast. The use of a small sized spacecraft allows to reduce the costs of construction and launch without make particular compromise in terms of scientific objectives. Recently the small satellites have been used also as complement in a deep space mission and so new engineering challenges have born.
The purpose of this master thesis rely on a particular small satellites mission concept that would improve the gravity investigations accuracy of a target body but with a lower cost. This mission case is based on the employment of a pair
of small satellites that use the Satellite-to-Satellite Tracking technique to generates the observable quantities used for the orbit determination process and for the scientific analysis. These observables are two-way Doppler data obtained from the frequency shift of a stable microwave carrier transmitted between the two spacecrafts. Through these measurements it is possible to determine the static
and dynamic gravity field of a body. The utilization
of the SST, together with the small satellites technology, would certainly reduce the complexity and the costs, with an increment of estimation accuracy, but with the introduction of new potential engineering problems.
The targets of the proposed SST mission concept are Titan, Enceladus and Europa.
In each of these mission cases the two smallsats are placed on the same orbit, with a given angular separation.
The objectives of this thesis were focused on the analysis of the SST technique, the numerical simulation of the orbit determination of the spacecrafts and the obtainable accuracy of the moon's gravity field estimation. Following these targets different orbital geometries were studied, to identify the most promising configurations.
All the numerical evaluations have been conducted with the astro available at the Radio Science and Planetary Exploration Laboratory of the University of Bologna.
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Matsubara, Keizo. "Stringed along or caught in a loop? : Philosophical reflections on modern quantum gravity research." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för teoretisk filosofi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-185554.
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A number of philosophical questions, all connected to modern research in quantum gravity, are discussed in this dissertation. The goal of research in quantum gravity is to find a quantum theory for gravitation; the other fundamental forces are already understood in terms of quantum physics. Quantum gravity is studied within a number of different research programmes. The most popular are string theory and loop quantum gravity; besides these a number of other approaches are pursued. Due to the lack of empirical support, it is relevant to assess the scientific status of this research. This is done from four different points of view, namely the ones held by: logical positivists, Popper, Kuhn and Lakatos. It is then argued that research in quantum gravity may be considered scientific, conditional on scientists being open with the tentative and speculative nature of their pursuits. Given the lack of empirical progress, in all approaches to quantum gravity, a pluralistic strategy is advised. In string theory there are different theoretical formulations, or dualities, which are physically equivalent. This is relevant for the problem of underdetermination of theories by data, and the debate on scientific realism. Different views on the dualities are possible. It is argued that a more empiricist view on the semantics of theories, than what has been popular lately, ought to be adopted. This is of importance for our understanding of what the theories tell us about space and time. In physics and philosophy, the idea that there are worlds or universes other than our own, has appeared in different contexts. It is discussed how we should understand these different suggestions; how they are similar and how they are different. A discussion on, how and when theoretical multiverse scenarios can be empirically testable, is also given. The reliability of thought experiments in physics in general and in quantum gravity in particular is evaluated. Thought experiments can be important for heuristic purposes, but in the case of quantum gravity, conclusions based on thoght experiments are not very reliable.
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Cai, Zhiyuan. "Global Mohorovicic Discontinuity Estimates Based on Isostatic Theories Using Gravity Data and Seismic Models." The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu159455139426099.
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Crystal, Lisa. "Quantum Times: Physics, Philosophy, and Time in the Postwar United States." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:10973.
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The concept of time in physics underwent significant changes in the decades following World War II. This dissertation considers several ways in which American physicists grappled with these changes, analyzing the extent to which philosophical methods and questions played a role in physicists' engagement with time. Two lines of questioning run through the dissertation. The first asks about the professional identities of postwar American physicists in relation to philosophy, as exemplified by their engagement with the concept of time. The second analyzes the heterogeneous nature of time in physics, and the range of presuppositions and assumptions that have constituted this "fundamental" physical concept. The first chapter looks to the development of atomic clocks and atomic time standards from 1948-1958, and the ways in which new timekeeping technologies placed concepts such as “clock”, “second,” and “measure of time” in a state of flux. The second chapter looks to the experimental discovery of CP violation by particle physicists in the early 1960s, raising questions about nature of time understood as the variable “t” in the equations of quantum mechanics. The third chapter considers attempts to unify quantum mechanics and general relativity in the late 1960s, which prompted physicists to question the “existence” of time in relation to the universe as a whole. In each episode considered, physicists engaged with the concept of time in a variety of ways, revealing a multiplicity of relationships between physics, philosophy, and time. Further, in each case physicists brought a unique set of assumptions to their concepts of time, revealing the variety ways in which fundamental conceptsfunctioned and changed in late twentieth century physics. The result is a heterogeneous picture of the practice of physics, as well as one of physics’ most basic concepts.<br>History of Science
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Yavuzer, Ipek. "Market Share Analysis For Shopping Centers In Ankara." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12605909/index.pdf.
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In the last decade, the changes in living styles of people and shopping activities brought a new concept, &ldquo<br>shopping center&rdquo<br>. By the time the numbers of shopping centers increased and this big consumption market created a great competition among the investors. The investors had the necessity of examining their market share within the market and other social and spatial factors for the feasibility of their shopping centers.
In this thesis considering the need of such a study, a market share analysis is carried out to determine the market share of shopping centers within the competition, analyze the important facts of the market share, estimate the market capacity and potential market regions. Ankara is chosen as the study area since it has an increasing trend for the development of shopping centers. Tthe study is carried out for Armada, Bilkent and 5M Migros shopping centers since they serve for the whole city and have different functions such as recreation, restaurants, cultural activities together with shopping activities.
For the analysis a gravity model developed by Lakshmanan and Hansen is used. The model estimates the market share of the centers among regions considering the factors, as accessibility in terms of cost and time, economic conditions of regions, attractiveness of shopping centers and competitors of the market.
For the application process Geographic Information Systems ESRI Arc GIS 8.1 and ESRI ArcView 3.2 are used as software to store and manipulate data, build regulations on road network structure, calculate distances and costs, and present maps and results.
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Hebebrand, Kristen Marie. "Potential Spread of Hydrilla verticillata in the Great Lakes Basin." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1546710742578768.
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Wollman, Andrew Paul. "Capillarity-Driven Droplet Ejection." PDXScholar, 2012. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/563.
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Drop Towers provide brief terrestrial access to microgravity environments. When used for capillary fluidics research, a drop tower allows for unique control over an experiment's initial conditions, which enables, enhances, or otherwise improves the study of capillary phenomena at significantly larger length scales than can normally be achieved on the ground. This thesis provides a historical context for the introduction of a new, highly accessible, 2.1s tower design used for capillary research and presents a variety of demonstrative experimental results for purely capillarity-driven flows leading to bubble ingestion, sinking flows, multiphase flows, and droplet ejections. The focus of this thesis is paid to capillarity-driven droplet ejection including historical significance, mathematical models, criteria for ejection and experimental validation. A scale analysis provides a single parameter Su+ which is used to predict the flow velocity at the base of the nozzle. By simplifying the flow in the nozzle we identify two criteria for auto-ejection, the nozzle must be `short' and the velocity of the flow must be sufficient to invert the liquid meniscus and overpower surface tension at the nozzle tip such that We⁺ > 12. Drop tower experiments are conducted and compared to analytical predictions using a regimemap. This thesis also includes results from experiments experiments conducted in a stationary ground-based laboratory and aboard the International Space Station which clearly demonstrate droplet ejection in regimes from transient liquid jets to large isolated drops. Droplets generated in a microgravity environment are 106 times larger than 1g₀ counter-parts.
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Júnior, Pedro Donizete Colombo. "A percepção da gravidade em um espaço fisicamente modificado: uma análise à luz de Gaston Bachelard." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/81/81131/tde-04082010-112227/.
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Este trabalho teve como objetivo central entender como um espaço fisicamente alterado influencia as percepções e explicações acerca da gravidade pelos estudantes do Ensino Médio. A pesquisa foi realizada na Casa Maluca do Centro de Divulgação Científica e Cultural da Universidade de São Paulo. Esta é uma casa com piso e paredes inclinados com ângulos de 15 graus em relação ao referencial externo, ao entrar em seu interior os visitantes experimentam alterações na percepção de alguns fenômenos do cotidiano relacionados com a força da gravidade. Tomamos como referencial teórico principal as noções de obstáculos e perfil epistemológicos propostos Gaston Bachelard e metodologia de pesquisa do tipo quantitativa e qualitativa, apoiada em observação, aplicação de questionários, gravação em áudio e vídeo e entrevistas semi-estruturadas. A análise dos dados apontou a presença de alguns obstáculos epistemológicos proposto pela epistemologia bachelardiana, tais como: experiência primeira, realismo ingênuo, substancialismo, animismo e obstáculo verbal; demonstrou ainda algumas das dificuldades dos alunos em entender o conceito gravidade e seu caráter vetorial. Também ficou clara a influência dos contextos de aprendizagem (pessoal, sociocultural e físico) nas atividades realizadas. Em diversos momentos, as atividades realizadas na Casa Maluca ilustraram, em maior ou menor proporção, a interpolação destes três contextos.<br>The main objective of this research was to understand how a modified physical space can influence the perception and explanations about gravity held by high school students. This research was conducted in the \"Mad House\" of Centre of Scientific and Cultural Dissemination of the University of Sao Paulo. This is a house with walls and floor tilted by an angle of 15 degrees in relation to the external framework. When the visitor enters the house, she/he experiences alterations in the perception of some daily phenomena related to the force of gravity. The adopted theoretical framework were the notions of epistemological obstacles and profile proposed by Gaston Bachelard. The research methodology relied on quantitative and qualitative analysis by means of observations, questionnaires, video and audio recordings and semi-structured interviews. The data analysis points to the presence of some epistemological obstacles proposed by the bachalerdian epistemology, such as; first experience, animism, naive conceptions and verbal obstacle; it also demonstrated some of student\'s difficulties in understanding gravity concept and its vector character. The influence of the three learning contexts (personal, social cultural, physical) also became clear during the activities. In different moments, the activities performed inside the \"Mad House\" illustrated in larger or smaller scales the interpolation of the three contexts.
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Davis, Gabriel. "Distant Stars Become Future Homes: The Close Relationship of Interstellar Between Hard Science-Fiction and Spectacle." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2021. https://dc.etsu.edu/honors/618.
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Hard Science-fiction shares a close relationship with the element of spectacle. This is especially apparent in Christopher Nolan’s Interstellar (2014), a film based in realistic science and emotional appeal. Nolan makes use of creating a team comprised of creative minds with different backgrounds. This includes theoretical physicist Kip Thorne, co-writer Jonathan Nolan, and composer Hans Zimmer. Together, the four develop a film that focuses on three main facets of science: time dilation, black holes, and dimensions. Incorporating these elements based in the historical world gives Interstellar its classification as hard science-fiction, a genre based more solidly in realistic science than classical science-fiction. Thorne serves as an executive producer and advisor to all matters scientific, Zimmer composes the score to accompany and intensify the moments of spectacle, and the Nolan brothers serve to create the plot behind Interstellar. The film’s spectacle can be seen throughout, notably in the “Miller’s Planet” and “Gargantua” scenes. Nolan also incorporates Welsh Poet Dylan Thomas’s “Do not go gentle into that good night” to exemplify the film’s theme of perseverance against increasing odds. It is through these elements that Interstellar serves itself as an exemplary film for showcasing the relationship between the nature of hard science-fiction and spectacle.
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Rasmussen, Nicole Nevitt. "Plasma Lactate Accumulation During Running with Body Weight Unloading by LBPP." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3698.
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At any given running speed, weight support with a lower body positive pressure (LBPP) device (i.e. Alter-G treadmill) reduces V̇O2. However, it is unknown how application of LBPP during running impacts lactate metabolism, specifically lactate threshold. Purpose: To determine if body weight unloading with the Alter-G treadmill alters lactate threshold. Methods. Maximal aerobic capacity (V̇O2max) and lactate threshold (LT) was determined in 8 male subjects on an Alter-G treadmill at 100% and 80% body weight loading at 0% grade in a randomized crossover design. V̇O2max tests started at 7 mile h-1 and increase speed by 1 mile h-1 every 2 min till voluntary exhaustion and were separated by a minimum of 7 days. LT tests started at 5 mile h-1 and increased speed to 6, 7, 7.5, 8.0, 8.5, 9.0 (additional stages increase speed by 0.5 mile h-1) every 3 min until the subject reached ¡Ö85% of V̇O2max. LT tests were separated by a minimum 3 days. V̇O2, heart rate (HR), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) and changes in Hct, [Hb], and total protein ([TP]) were determined on separate days in a randomized crossover design. Plasma lactate concentrations were determined from venous blood samples (4 ml) obtained at rest and during the last minute of each exercise stage. Lactate threshold was determined from a log-log plot of lactate concentration (mM) and relative V̇O2 (ml O2 min-1 kg-1 BM). Results. V̇O2max determined during running at 100% and 80% loading were similar (52.3 ± 0.9 and 52.7 ± 0.7 ml O2 min-1 kg-1 BM, respectively). The energy cost of running at 9 mile h-1 (all subjects completed stages between 5 and 9 mile h-1) was reduced by 12% at 80% body weight (37.2 ± 2.9 ml O2 min-1 kg-1 BM) compared to running at 100% body weight (42.3 ± 1.7 ml O2 min-1 kg-1 BM, <0.05). However, plasma lactate at 9 mile h-1 was similar during 80% and 100% body weight running (3.4 ± 0.4 and 3.1 ± 0.7 mM, respectively). Plasma lactate at a given V̇O2 was higher (p < 0.05) while running at 80% body weight compared to 100% body weight running. Calculated LT at 100% BW loading (36.3 ± 1.3 ml O2 min-1 kg-1 BM) was higher than 80% BW loading (32.2 ± 1.8 ml O2 min-1 kg-1 BM, p<0.05). During running at 80% BW HR was reduced compared to 100% BW running (p<0.05) however the MAP response was similar. During exercise the reduction in PV, at any given V̇O2 was larger at 80% BW compared to 100% BW running (p<0.001). Conclusion. During running, BW unloading with LBPP decreased the energy cost of exercise but not lactate levels. Body weight unloading caused a lowering of the LT. The reduction in whole body energy cost was not associated with a reduction in the lactate production since plasma lactate accumulation at a given speed was similar with and without LBPP.
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Gatti, Sandra Regina Teodoro. "Analise de uma ação didatica centrada na utilização da historia da ciencia : uma contribuição para a formação inicial do docente de fisica." [s.n.], 2005. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/252916.
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Orientador: Dirceu da Silva<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Educação<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:31:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
Gatti_SandraReginaTeodoro_D.pdf: 3368290 bytes, checksum: c961b7a4350f31fe1fb3cfeb3a4cfd51 (MD5)
Previous issue date: 2005<br>Resumo: Nesta pesquisa procuramos discutir a inserção da História da Ciência no ensino de Ciências na disciplina de Prática de Ensino de Física, a partir de um curso para a formação de professores tendo como pano de fundo o desenvolvimento histórico do tema atração gravitacional. O trabalho foi desenvolvido com uma amostra de onze alunos do curso de Licenciatura em Física da UNESP ¿ Bauru. As tendências metodológicas desta pesquisa são o aspecto qualitativo e o estudo de caso. Iniciamos a pesquisa procurando revelar as pré-concepções dos licenciandos, fornecendo um panorama que pôde ser usado para orientar as atividades a partir da realidade diagnosticada. Nosso objetivo era promover discussões sobre a existência e persistência das concepções alternativas, sobre a evolução histórica do tema atração gravitacional, além de leituras e debates de textos contemplando discussões recentes sobre o ensino de Ciências, de modo a gerar insatisfações com o modelo tradicional de ensino. Além disso, pretendíamos permitir que o indivíduo construísse uma nova proposta através do desenvolvimento em situações reais no Ensino Médio, de um minicurso a partir das discussões realizadas em sala de aula e da utilização da História da Ciência e das concepções alternativas dos estudantes. As propostas de minicursos desenvolvidas pelos licenciandos, além da comparação entre as concepções inicial e final nos permitiram evidenciar a relação entre a evolução nas noções e o desenvolvimento de propostas mais de acordo com as discussões realizadas durante o curso. Dos onze participantes, quatro desenvolveram um ensino mais voltado para a construção de conhecimentos, sem, entretanto abandonar completamente as resistências à adoção de metodologias de ensino inovadoras<br>Abstract: The purpose of this research was to insert the discussion on the History of Science in Science Education in a subject of Practical of the Physics in Education course. Thus, we suggest a course plan on gravitational attraction that can help prospective teachers¿ education. The work was developed with a sample of eleven pupils of the course of Physics of the UNESP - Bauru. The methodological trends of this research are the qualitative aspect and the study of case. We began this work revealing the conceptions that the prospective teachers¿ have which supplied a panorama that could be used to guide the activities from the reality. Also, we where to promote discussions on the existence and persistence of the alternative conceptions, on the historical evolution of the subject gravitational attraction, beyond readings and debates of texts contemplating recent subjects on the Science Education, in order to generate dissatisfaction with the traditional model of education. Moreover, we intended to allow that the individual constructed new a proposal through the development in real situations in High School of a mini-course based on: debates and synthesis developed in classroom, the History of the Science and the alternative conceptions of the students. The proposals of mini-courses developed by the students, beyond the comparison between the initial and final conceptions allowed us to evidence the relations between the primitive ideas and the students¿ mini curses proposals. As results, just four participants had developed a proposal plane teaching more directed toward the constructivist perspective, but without, however to abandon completely the oppositions to the innovative methodologies of education<br>Doutorado<br>Educação, Ciencia e Tecnologia<br>Doutor em Educação
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Koehl, Daniel Grant. "Investigating an Apparent Structural High in Seismic Data in North Terre Haute, Indiana, Through First-Arrival Traveltime Tomography and Gravity Analysis." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1559120344838085.
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Madera, Cedrine. "L’évolution des systèmes et architectures d’information sous l’influence des données massives : les lacs de données." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS071/document.
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La valorisation du patrimoine des données des organisation est mise au cœur de leur transformation digitale. Sous l’influence des données massives le système d’information doit s’adapter et évoluer. Cette évolution passe par une transformation des systèmes décisionnels mais aussi par l’apparition d’un nouveau composant du système d’information : Les lacs de données. Nous étudions cette évolution des systèmes décisionnels, les éléments clés qui l’influence mais aussi les limites qui apparaissent , du point de vue de l’architecture, sous l’influence des données massives. Nous proposons une évolution des systèmes d’information avec un nouveau composant qu’est le lac de données. Nous l’étudions du point de vue de l’architecture et cherchons les facteurs qui peuvent influencer sa conception , comme la gravité des données. Enfin, nous amorçons une piste de conceptualisation des lacs de données en explorant l’approche ligne de produit.Nouvelle versionSous l'influence des données massives nous étudions l'impact que cela entraîne notamment avec l'apparition de nouvelles technologies comme Apache Hadoop ainsi que les limite actuelles des système décisionnel.Les limites rencontrées par les systèmes décisionnels actuels impose une évolution au système d 'information qui doit s'adapter et qui donne naissance à un nouveau composant : le lac de données.Dans un deuxième temps nous étudions en détail ce nouveau composant, formalisons notre définition, donnons notre point de vue sur son positionnement dans le système d information ainsi que vis à vis des systèmes décisionnels.Par ailleurs, nous mettons en évidence un facteur influençant l’architecture des lacs de données : la gravité des données, en dressant une analogie avec la loi de la gravité et en nous concentrant sur les facteurs qui peuvent influencer la relation donnée-traitement.Nous mettons en évidence , au travers d'un cas d'usage , que la prise en compte de la gravité des données peut influencer la conception d'un lac de données.Nous terminons ces travaux par une adaptation de l'approche ligne de produit logiciel pour amorcer une méthode de formalisations et modélisation des lacs de données. Cette méthode nous permet :- d’établir une liste de composants minimum à mettre en place pour faire fonctionner un lac de données sans que ce dernier soit transformé en marécage,- d’évaluer la maturité d'un lac de donnée existant,- de diagnostiquer rapidement les composants manquants d'un lac de données existant qui serait devenu un marécage,- de conceptualiser la création des lacs de données en étant "logiciel agnostique”<br>Data is on the heart of the digital transformation.The consequence is anacceleration of the information system evolution , which must adapt. The Big data phenomenonplays the role of catalyst of this evolution.Under its influence appears a new component of the information system: the data lake.Far from replacing the decision support systems that make up the information system, data lakes comecomplete information systems’s architecture.First, we focus on the factors that influence the evolution of information systemssuch as new software and middleware, new infrastructure technologies, but also the decision support system usage itself.Under the big data influence we study the impact that this entails especially with the appearance ofnew technologies such as Apache Hadoop as well as the current limits of the decision support system .The limits encountered by the current decision support system force a change to the information system which mustadapt and that gives birth to a new component: the data lake.In a second time we study in detail this new component, formalize our definition, giveour point of view on its positioning in the information system as well as with regard to the decision support system .In addition, we highlight a factor influencing the architecture of data lakes: data gravity, doing an analogy with the law of gravity and focusing on the factors that mayinfluence the data-processing relationship. We highlight, through a use case, that takingaccount of the data gravity can influence the design of a data lake.We complete this work by adapting the software product line approach to boot a methodof formalizations and modeling of data lakes. This method allows us:- to establish a minimum list of components to be put in place to operate a data lake without transforming it into a data swamp,- to evaluate the maturity of an existing data lake,- to quickly diagnose the missing components of an existing data lake that would have become a dataswamp- to conceptualize the creation of data lakes by being "software agnostic “
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Oreta, Timothy. "Vector-Galileon-Tensor theories of gravity." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/20925.
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A detailed study of the cosmological evolution in a particular vector-tensor theory of gravity with a potential and a Galileon-motivated interaction terms is presented. The evolution of vector field self interactions that are relatively related to Galileon fields throughout the expansion history of the universe is considered and a classification of the parameters M (mass term) and H (Hubble parameter) according to the behaviour of the field in each cosmological epoch is carried out. In particular, we obtain conditions for the parameters so that the field grows exponentially or oscillates with decreasing amplitude. We also obtain an autonomous system for the inflationary case. The general features of the phasemaps are given and the critical point is appropriately characterised. It is not possible to obtain an autonomous system for radiation and matter dominated epochs hence, we consider other analytical methods. We obtain eigenvalues and hence, phasemaps. The general features of the phasemaps are given and the point to which the trajectories on the phasemaps converge is appropriately characterised. Therefore, we show that it is possible to obtain a wide variety of behaviours or interesting phenomenologies for the cosmological evolution of vector field self-interactions that are relatively related to Galileon fields by choosing suitable values for the parameters M and H of given conditions.
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Vargas, Medina Iris Mónica. "Earthlings : humanity's essential relationship with gravity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54574.
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Thesis (S.M. in Science Writing)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Humanities, Graduate Program in Science Writing, 2009.<br>"September 2009." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 43-48).<br>A realm of serious scientific questions about gravity's role in biology is being researched in labs around the world, from NASA's Dryden Research Laboratories in the Mohave Desert, to Japan's Radioisotope Center at the University of Tokyo. Space biology research, as the field is often called, involves subjects as seemingly disparate but intrinsically related as hermaphroditic snails, brine shrimp, space chickens developing normally and space frogs growing enormous heads. Not to mention astronauts re-learning to walk on depleted leg bones and individual human cells attempting division with damaged internal structures. The questions asked of all of the subjects overlap: What is the most fundamental level at which life perceives gravity? Which biological processes on Earth have evolved as a result of and depend upon the presence of gravity? What is the smallest organization of life at which the presence and direction of gravity can be detected? For the purpose of space exploration, we might have to take gravity with us wherever we go outside of Earth. Yet after 52 years of space flight, and 47 years of manned missions, we still don't know what the prescription for gravity would be. Will human beings ever be able to completely escape its pull? Or are we unavoidably Earthlings?<br>by Iris Mónica Vargas.<br>S.M.in Science Writing
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Charron, Martin. "Gravity wave diagnosis using empirical normal modes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape11/PQDD_0005/NQ44382.pdf.
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Morandi, Marc Joseph. "Assessing the Influence of Different Inland Lake Management Strategies on Human-Mediated Invasive Species Spread." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1365116997.
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Di, Ruscio Andrea. "Utilisation des données de radio science pour la construction d’éphémérides planétaires." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021COAZ4031.
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Le thème central de la thèse concerne l’utilisation des données de radio tracking pour le développement d’éphémérides planétaires, en particulier, dans deux cas : 1) analyse de données de navigation de la mission Cassini pour améliorer les éphémérides de Saturne et augmenter notre connaissance du système solaire externe ; 2) simulation des données radio de la mission ESA BepiColombo collectées durant la phase orbital à Mercure, pour évaluer leur contribution sur le développement des éphémérides planétaire de l’Intégrateur Numérique Planétaire de l’Observatoire de Paris (INPOP).Le premier sujet de recherche essaie de traiter les données de navigation de la sonde Cassini autour de Saturne en utilisant la connaissance mise à jour du système Saturnien : éphémérides précises pour les lunes du système et caractérisation de la gravité de Titan et des autres lunes principales.Ça permis la création des points normaux plus précis, capable de contraindre l’orbite de Saturne pour 13 ans (la moitié de sa révolution autour du Soleil) au niveau des mètres et de donner précieux informations sur le système solaire externe, en particulier sur la masse de la Kuiper belt et sur la possible position de P9. Les nouvelles données montrent une réduction de l’incertitude d’un facteur 5 en respect aux analyses précédentes.La deuxième partie de la thèse se concentre sur la production des simulations réalistes des données radio que le Mercury Orbiter Radio-science Experiment (MORE) de la sonde BepiColombo mesurera durant la phase scientifique de sa mission autour de Mercure.Des points normaux sont après produits avec une incertitude déduite de la matrice de covariance de l’état de la sonde estimé en utilisant ces données simulées.Ces points sont donc traités par le weighted-least square estimateur d’INPOP pour quantifier l’impact que les données de BepiColombo auront sur le développement des éphémérides planétaires, en particulier pour contraindre l’orbite de Mercure et des paramètres relativistes<br>The central theme of the thesis concerns the exploitation of radio tracking measurements for the development of planetary ephemerides, in particular, applied on two research topics: 1) the analysis of navigation data of Cassini mission to enhance the ephemeris of Saturn and increase our knowledge of the outer solar system; 2) the simulation of BepiColombo measurements collected during the orbital phase at Mercury, for assessing their contribution on the Intégrateur Numérique Planétaire de l’Observatoire de Paris (INPOP) planetary ephemerides.The first research aims at reprocessing Cassini radio tracking data by exploiting the current knowledge of the Saturnian system developed throughout the mission, i.e. the availability of accurate satellite ephemerides and precise gravity solutions for Saturn, Titan and the other major moons. This allows the production of more precise normal points, which are able to constrain the orbit of the planet at meters-level for 13 years (almost half of its revolution) and to provide invaluable insights on the mass of the Kuiper belt. The results show a reduction of a factor 5 on normal points uncertainties with respect to previous analyses, providing tighter constraints on the acceptance regions of planet 9.The second research topic focuses on the production of realistic normal points derived from the end-to-end simulation of BepiColombo Mercury Orbiter Radio-science Experiment (MORE). The uncertainties of the normal points are deduced from the mapped covariance of the spacecraft state. The derived measurements are then processed with the INPOP weighted-least squares filter to quantify the achievable constraints on ephemerides and relativistic parameters
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Wimberly, Brent. "Identification of spatiotemporal nutrient patterns and associated ecohydrological trends in the tampa bay coastal region." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/642.
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Improvements for environmental monitoring and assessment were achieved to advance our understanding of sea-land interactions and nutrient cycling in a coastal bay.; The comprehensive assessment techniques for monitoring of water quality of a coastal bay can be diversified via an extensive investigation of the spatiotemporal nutrient patterns and the associated eco-hydrological trends in a coastal urban region. With this work, it is intended to thoroughly investigate the spatiotemporal nutrient patterns and associated eco-hydrological trends via a two part inquiry of the watershed and its adjacent coastal bay. The findings show that the onset of drought lags the crest of the evapotranspiration and precipitation curve during each year of drought. During the transition year, ET and precipitation appears to start to shift back into the analogous temporal pattern as the 2005 wet year. NDVI shows a flat receding tail for the September crest in 2005 due to the hurricane impact signifying that the hurricane event in October dampening the severity of the winter dry season in which alludes to relative system memory. The k-means model with 8 clusters is the optimal choice, in which cluster 2 at Lower Tampa Bay had the minimum values of total nitrogen (TN) concentrations, chlorophyll a (Chl-a) concentrations, and ocean color values in every season as well as the minimum concentration of total phosphorus (TP) in three consecutive seasons in 2008. Cluster 5, located in Middle Tampa Bay, displayed elevated TN concentrations, ocean color values, and Chl-a concentrations, suggesting that high colored dissolved organic matter values are linked with some nutrient sources. The data presented by the gravity modeling analysis indicate that the Alafia River Basin is the major contributor of nutrients in terms of both TP and TN values in all seasons. Such ecohydrological evaluation can be applied for supporting the LULC management of climatic vulnerable regions as well as further enrich the comprehensive assessment techniques for estimating and examining the multi-temporal impacts and dynamic influence of urban land use and land cover.<br>B.S.C.E.<br>Bachelors<br>Engineering and Computer Science<br>Civil Engineering
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Bosquet, Clément. "Commerce international et économie de la science : distances, agglomération, effets de pairs et discrimination." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM1097/document.
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Cette thèse rassemble principalement des contributions en économie de la science à laquelle les deux premières parties sont consacrées. La première teste l'importance des choix méthodologiques dans la mesure de la production scientifique et étudie les canaux de diffusion de la connaissance. La deuxième s'intéresse aux déterminants individuels et locaux de la productivité des chercheurs et au différentiel de promotion entre hommes et femmes sur le marché du travail académique. Sont établis les résultats suivants : les choix méthodologiques dans la mesure de la production scientifique n'affectent que très peu les classements des institutions de recherche. Les citations et les poids associés à la qualité des journaux mesurent globalement la même productivité de la recherche. La localisation des chercheurs a un impact sur leur productivité dans la mesure où certaines universités génèrent davantage d'externalités que d'autres. Ces externalités sont plus importantes là où les chercheurs sont homogènes en terme de performances, où la diversité thématique est grande, et dans une moindre mesure dans les grands centres de recherche, lorsqu'il y a plus de femmes, de chercheurs âgés, de stars et là où les chercheurs sont connectés à des co-auteurs à l'étranger. Si les femmes sont moins souvent Professeur des Universités (par opposition à Maître de Conférences) que les hommes, ce n'est ni parce qu'elles sont discriminées dans le processus de promotion, ni que le coût de promotion (mobilité) est plus important pour elles, ni qu'elles ont des préférences différentes concernant le salaire et le prestige des institutions dans lesquelles elles travaillent<br>The core of this thesis lies in the field of economics of science to which the two first parts are devoted. The first part questions the impact of methodological choices in the measurement of research productivity and studies the channels of knowledge diffusion. The second part studies the impact on individual publication records of both individual and departments' characteristics and analyse the gender gap in occupations on the academic labour market. The main results are the following: methodological choices in the measurement of research productivity do not impact the estimated hierarchy of research institutions. Citations and journal quality weights measure the same dimension of publication productivity. Location matters in the academic research activity: some departments generate more externalities than others. Externalities are higher where academics are homogeneous in terms of publication performance and have diverse research fields, and, to a lower extent, if the department is large, with more women, older academics, stars and co-authors connection to foreign departments. If women are less likely to be full Professor (with respect to Assistant Professor) than men, this is neither because they are discriminated against in the promotion process, neither because the promotion cost (mobility) is higher for them, nor because they have different preferences for salaries versus department prestige. A possible, but not tested, explanation is that women self-select themselves by participating less in or exerting lower effort during the promotion process
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Hanson, Kristina, and Emma Nordlund. "Experimentera mera! : En designbaserad studie med utgångspunkt i de fysiska krafterna gravitation, magnetism, och statisk elektricitet." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-85699.
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Abstract The purpose of the study is to contribute knowledge about working with physics in preschool, and how the youngest children perceive natural science phenomena, and to make visible how educators work with the subject of physics. Our focus is forces, and we therefore designed and allowed the children and educators to conduct experiments on, gravity, static electricity and magnetism. The study involved 19 children, aged 1 to 3 and 5 educators. The data collection method for this study consists of observations of the children when they experiment, as well as semi-structured with the educators. We used video recording when conducting the experiments and voice-recording when interviewing the educators. The interviews used a phenomengraphic methodological approch in order to capture preschool teachers different experiences of physics. The youngest children expressed themselves with body movements, mimicry and the older children also expressed hypotheses and reasoning. The results of the interviews show that educators to a large extent feel unsafe when it comes to science in preschool. Unsure about how and what to say, and how to perform spontaneous physics aktivities, and unsure what level is appropriate for the younger children.
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Ingram, David. "Using systems theory to do philosophy : one approach, and some suggested terminology : a thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Philosophy in the University of Canterbury /." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Philosophy and Religious Studies, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1022.
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This thesis employs perspectives inspired by General Systems Theory to address issues in philosophy, including moral philosophy and philosophy of mind. I present an overview of a range of ideas from the study of physical systems that may be used to provide a firm physicalist foundation to explorations of some common questions in philosophy. I divide these topics into three categories: the Physical Category, the Relevance Category and the Signal Elements Category. I interpret concepts from General Systems Theory, including information and entropy, in a way that I believe facilitates their incorporation into philosophical discussion. I also explain various points arising from General Systems Theory, such as order and disorder, stability, complexity, and self-organisation, and show how ideas from these areas can be applied to certain philosophical problems. I explain relevance in terms of stability, in order to link these scientific perspectives to questions in moral philosophy. I suggest a possible physical foundation for a theory of morality, which takes the form of a variety of Utilitarianism, intended to balance the competing needs of open systems to manage entropy. Such a theory of morality must be capable of dealing with limitations arising from the physicality of information; I propose game theory as a solution to this problem. This thesis also covers issues connected to the above points regarding the nature of consciousness and communication. In particular, I examine the role of linguistic associations in consciousness; and some related features of language and other non-linear representational schemes.
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Pradipta, Rezy. "Generation of acoustic-gravity waves in ionospheric HF heating experiments : simulating large-scale natural heat sources." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/79031.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2012.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 203-208).<br>In this thesis, we investigate the potential role played by large-scale anomalous heat sources (e.g. prolonged heat wave events) in generating acoustic-gravity waves (AGWs) that might trigger widespread plasma turbulence in the ionospheric layer. The main hypothesis is that, the thermal gradients associated with the heat wave fronts could act as a source of powerful AGW capable of triggering ionospheric plasma turbulence over extensive areas. In our investigations, first we are going to examine a case study of the summer 2006 North American heat wave event. Our examination of GPS-derived total electron content (TEC) data over the North American sector reveals a quite noticeable increase in the level of daily plasma density fluctuations during the summer 2006 heat wave period. Comparison with the summer 2005 and summer 2007 data further confirms that the observed increase of traveling ionospheric disturbances (TIDs) during the summer 2006 heat wave period was not simply a regular seasonal phenomenon. Furthermore, a series of field experiments had been carried out at the High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program (HAARP) facility in order to physically simulate the process of AGW/TID generation by large-scale thermal gradients in the ionosphere. In these ionospheric HF heating experiments, we create some time-varying artificial thermal gradients at an altitude of 200-300 km above the Earth's surface using vertically-transmitted amplitude-modulated 0-mode HF heater waves. For our experiments, a number of radio diagnostic instruments had been utilized to detect the characteristic signatures of heater-generated AGW/TID. So far, we have been able to obtain several affirmative indications that some artificial AGW/TID are indeed being radiated out from the heated plasma volume during the HAARP-AGW experiments. Based on the experimental evidence, we may conclude that it is certainly quite plausible for large-scale thermal gradients associated with severe heat wave events to generate some AGW which might induce widespread plasma turbulence far in space.<br>by Rezy Pradipta.<br>Ph.D.
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Andersson, Jonas. "Center of gravity analysis : an actual or perceived problem?" Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-1197.
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Centers of Gravity (CoGs) analyses deliver vital input to the operational design. However, there are a great number of theories regarding the phenomenon which can create a certain degree of confusion. The diversity in theories may lead to misdirected mental energy where the focus is to discuss theories instead of using the theories at hand efficiently. The question is if the diversity in theory is an actual problem or if it just perceived as such? This research identifies the similarities and differences in the theories of Milan Vego and Joseph Strange & Richard Iron regarding CoGs, their sub elements and methods for analysis. The impact of the differences on the practical result is then surveyed by implementing the theories on adelimitated phase of the Falklands War, in order to conclude if the differences have a decisive impact on the product of the CoG analysis. The result of this thesis indicates that the diversity in theory is a perceived problem. The identified divergence does not reflect crucially on the CoG analysis and the variation of the input provided to the operational design is minor. The CoGs and the critical vulnerabilities identified are the same or at least similar, no matter which of the two theories was used in this research.<br>Avdelning: ALB – Slutet Mag. 3 C-upps. Hylla: Upps. ChP 07-09
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Hedén, Hugo. ""It was a massive bombing of all our systems" : en studie av John A. Wardens femringsmodell och NotPetya." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9222.
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According to NATO Review, in 2013 it was estimated that over 97% of the world's telecommunications were transmitted via the internet and that this was a growing trend. This essentiality for communication means that information systems have become a natural target and point of attack in military actions and planning. This thesis aims to test the possibility to apply the theory of The enemy as a system and the concentric five-ring modeldeveloped by air force theorist Jon A. Warden III, to the cyber arena. To achieve this aim, the thesis presents a qualitative text analysis of seven different sources describing NotPetya. The targets and effects of the cyber attack are evaluated based upon the concentric five-ring model and the concept of parallel attack. The results of the analysis shows that Warden's theory is highly applicable to the case of NotPetya. This in turn could point to the theory’s applicability to the cyber domain and to strategic operations in cyberspace. However no major conclusions of generalizability can be drawn.
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Remmers, Tobias. "Gravity Control System: Realistic Balanced Poses and Animations." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Mathematics, Natural and Computer Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-158.
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<p>The Gravity Control for Maya will be extraordinary</p><p>beneficial to an animator trying to create realistic</p><p>animation, by calculating the center of gravity and area</p><p>of balance. This control will provide the animator with</p><p>the ability to rotate around the center of gravity and</p><p>keep the character in a balanced pose. With that ability,</p><p>the animator can easily create accurate poses and</p><p>animation, such as mid-air flips. The system also</p><p>supports a vast number of characters with different</p><p>shapes, sizes and number of limbs.</p>
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Shmelev, Alexey Alexandrovich. "Three-dimensional acoustic propagation through shallow water internal, surface gravity and bottom sediment waves." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69241.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Joint Program in Applied Ocean Science and Engineering (Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering; and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution), 2011.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 185-193).<br>This thesis describes the physics of fully three-dimensional low frequency acoustic interaction with internal waves, bottom sediment waves and surface swell waves that are often observed in shallow waters and on continental slopes. A simple idealized model of the ocean waveguide is used to analytically study the properties of acoustic normal modes and their perturbations due to waves of each type. The combined approach of a semi-quantitative study based on the geometrical acoustics approximation and on fully three-dimensional coupled mode numerical modeling is used to examine the azimuthal dependence of sound wave horizontal reflection from, transmission through and ducting between straight parallel waves of each type. The impact of the natural crossings of nonlinear internal waves on horizontally ducted sound energy is studied theoretically and modeled numerically using a three-dimensional parabolic equation acoustic propagation code. A realistic sea surface elevation is synthesized from the directional spectrum of long swells and used for three-dimensional numerical modeling of acoustic propagation. As a result, considerable normal mode amplitude scintillations were observed and shown to be strongly dependent on horizontal azimuth, range and mode number. Full field numerical modeling of low frequency sound propagation through large sand waves located on a sloped bottom was performed using the high resolution bathymetry of the mouth of San Francisco Bay. Very strong acoustic ducting is shown to steer acoustic energy beams along the sand wave's curved crests.<br>by Alexey Alexandrovich Shmelev.<br>Ph.D.
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Lenormand, Maxime. "Initialiser et calibrer un modèle de microsimulation dynamique stochastique : application au modèle SimVillages." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00822114.
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Le but de cette thèse est de développer des outils statistiques permettant d'initialiser et de calibrer les modèles de microsimulation dynamique stochastique, en partant de l'exemple du modèle SimVillages (développé dans le cadre du projet Européen PRIMA). Ce modèle couple des dynamiques démographiques et économiques appliquées à une population de municipalités rurales. Chaque individu de la population, représenté explicitement dans un ménage au sein d'une commune, travaille éventuellement dans une autre, et possède sa propre trajectoire de vie. Ainsi, le modèle inclut-il des dynamiques de choix de vie, d'étude, de carrière, d'union, de naissance, de divorce, de migration et de décès. Nous avons développé, implémenté et testé les modèles et méthodes suivants : 1 / un modèle permettant de générer une population synthétique à partir de données agrégées, où chaque individu est membre d'un ménage, vit dans une commune et possède un statut au regard de l'emploi. Cette population synthétique est l'état initial du modèle. 2 / un modèle permettant de simuler une table d'origine-destination des déplacements domicile-travail à partir de données agrégées. 3 / un modèle permettant d'estimer le nombre d'emplois dans les services de proximité dans une commune donnée en fonction de son nombre d'habitants et de son voisinage en termes de service. 4 / une méthode de calibration des paramètres inconnus du modèle SimVillages de manière à satisfaire un ensemble de critères d'erreurs définis sur des sources de données hétérogènes. Cette méthode est fondée sur un nouvel algorithme d'échantillonnage séquentiel de type Approximate Bayesian Computation.
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Chih, Hua Hsiao, and 蕭志樺. "The study of the history of science integrating into science teaching on students’ science learning：Using the gravity conception in the fifth grade as an example." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67228005547340028331.
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碩士<br>國立東華大學<br>科學教育研究所<br>98<br>Using the gravity conception in the fifth grade as an example
Abstract
The research carries on the teaching take scientific revolution's course as the teaching design (to hereafter refer to as the science history teaching), discussion country young schoolchildren in gravity concept study. This object of study for Hualian County urban district one country small fifth grade schoolchild four classes of total 108 people, carries on three week-long science history the teaching activity, and based on the schoolchild gravity concept understood that the examination questionnaire, research capitals and so on science history teaching self-consciousness questionnaire carry on the analysis, obtains ties as follows:
1. After science history teaching, the schoolchild gravity concept understood that the examination result reaches the remarkable promotion, and reaches the remarkable difference with the control group class and grade. Moreover, the schoolchild gravity concept understood that the examination delays measured the result with first measured reaches the remarkable promotion, also reaches the remarkable difference with the control group class and grade.
2. After science history teaching, the schoolchild in the gravity “the light object has not received the action of gravity”, “the object weight is the gravity adds on the little weight”, “the heavy object falls and so on compared to the light object to have in addition many quickly” the concept, can have the good science concept learning.
3. After science history teaching, schoolchild science history teaching self-consciousness forward. Although in the studies achievement, male and female student's science history teaching self-consciousness has not reached the remarkable difference, but embraces the positive feeling.
This findings showed that the science history teaching can promote the schoolchild to the scientific knowledge understanding, and after the schoolchild accepts the science history teaching, embraces frontage, the affirmative self-consciousness, the explanation science history teaching in the country small implementation importance.
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Tsai, Chun-Wei, and 蔡春微. "Action Research of Implementing Creative Problem Solving in Science Game Teaching on "Center of Gravity"." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4c929x.
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碩士<br>國立臺中教育大學<br>教師專業碩士學位學程<br>103<br>The purpose of this study was to design a teaching for "Center of Gravity" based on Creative Problem Solving (CPS) and investigate students' learning response, the difficulties and solutions while teaching and researcher’s professional development. Researcher adopted action research and carried out for two rounds of teaching. The participants were sixth graders from two different classes. The teaching period lasted for twelve weeks.
The data sources came from collaborative teacher observations checklists, interviews, audial and video recording, teaching notes and student documents, including learning sheets, interests in science learning questionnaire, and feedback sheets.
The major findings of this study were: (1) The CPS teaching on "Center of Gravity" could achieve the teaching goals; (2) After the second round teaching, more than 50% of the students got full marks for the procedural and declarative knowledge; (3) More than 80% of the students thought that the learning activities were not difficult; (4) After the second round teaching, the average scores of the students' confidence and interests in science learning were over 3.43 and the students' belief of science was moderate level; (5) Researcher enhenced the research abilities and the professional development on CPS teaching.
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Sonnenberg, Adam. "Towards optimizing particle deposition in bifurcating structures." Thesis, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/41017.
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Particle deposition patterns formed in the lung upon inhalation are of interest to a wide spectrum of biomedical sciences, particularly for their influence on non-invasive therapies which deliver drugs to the respiratory track. Before reaching the alveoli, particles, or a collection of liquid droplets called aerosols, must transverse this bifurcating network. This dissertation proposes a multi-faceted strategy for optimizing current methods of drug delivery by analyzing particle deposition in a single bifurcation and a complex 3-dimensional tree as a model of the airways. In this thesis, previous probabilistic formulations of particle deposition in a single bifurcation were first examined, combined and verified by computational fluid dynamic modeling. The traditional single bifurcation model was then extended to a multigenerational network as a Markov chain. The probabilistic approach combined with detailed fluid mechanics in bifurcating structures, permits a more realistic treatment of particle deposition. The formulation enables a rapid comparative analysis among different flow policies, i.e. how varying modes of inhalation affect local particle deposition and total particle escape rates. For example, this approach showed that body position has a minimal effect on deposition pattern, while a specific flow profile maximize deposition into the periphery of the lung.
Also included are novel experimental results of particle deposition. Most experimental deposition studies are restricted to total deposition. Regional deposition can only be estimated but not directly measured without the destruction of the lung like models. As a result, the measurement requires multiple models which adds to the variance. To this end a standard physical model for investigating effects of various ventilation strategies on regional particle deposition was developed. Results suggest that a brief pause in flow can increase deposition into regions of blocked airways where drugs would not otherwise enter. Experiments were also conducted to investigate the effects of inertia dominated flow in symmetric and asymmetric structures revealing novel features in 3D compared to 2D.
This dissertation combines experimental and computation results to propose a strategy to efficiently move particles through a symmetric and asymmetric bifurcating structure. It also introduces possible strategies for maximizing deposition to a desired region of a lung structure.
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Fittkau, Dirk. "Beeinflussung regionaler Kaufkraftströme durch den Autobahnlückenschluß der A 49 Kassel-Gießen." Doctoral thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11858/00-1735-0000-0006-AF12-5.
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