To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Science, india.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Science, india'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Science, india.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gunasekaran, Subbiah, M. Sadikbatcha, and P. Sivaraman. "Mapping chemical science research in India: A bibliometric study." NISCAIR, New Delhi, India, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/299580.
Full textAbstract:
Chemical sciences research in India has been mapped with data collected from the CD-ROM version of Chemistry Citation Index [publication year : 2002]. Roughly, 4.5% of the global R&D output in chemical sciences was contributed by Indian in 2002. Indian researchers published 6186 papers from 569 journals and 12 non-journal sources. More than 45% of these papers appeared in journals with an impact factor less than 1.000. Around 2% of the papers were either published in journals with no impact factor or not indexed in JCR 2003. The average impact factor for journal articles during this period is 1.359. While 26% of papers published by Indians were in US journals, the percentages for Indian and UK journals were 21 and 20%, respectively. Among Indian journals, the Asian Journal of Chemistry (IF 0.211) took the major chunk of 269 papers, while the Journal of Indian Chemical Society (IF 0.275) and the Indian Journal of Chemistry B (IF 0.492) carried 224 and 209 papers, respectively. In all, 563 institutions contributed 6199 papers in 2002. Of these papers, 68% were contributed by 10% of Indian institutions. The Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore ranks first with 345 papers. This is followed by the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Hyderabad with 263 papers. Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai with 259 papers and the National Chemical Laboratory, Pune with 246 papers come in the third and fourth places, respectively. The largest contributions came from Mumbai, Bangalore, Hyderabad and Kolkata. In terms of states, Maharashtra, Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal are major contributors. About 16% of the papers had international collaboration (with as many as 53 county ies). Major collaborating countries in chemical sciences were the US, Germany, Japan and Great Britain.
2
Bentall, Michael James R. "Bharat versus India : peasant politics and rural-urban relations in North-West India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389483.
Full text
3
Abraham, Anjali Anna. "Conversations, connections and critical thinking : collaborative action research with women science teachers in Hyderabad, India." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82678.
Full textAbstract:
The National Policies of Education in India have recognized the need for teacher professional development. However, science teachers continue to look for innovative methods to improve teaching. Through collaborative action research with four science teachers at a girls' school in Hyderabad, India, the study explored conditions that enhance or inhibit the implementation of constructivist instructional methods. Data were collected through interviews, reflective memos, research journal, collages and found poetry. The study found that teacher background and experience, teachers' views on science education and the school environment played a role in teacher development. The use of constructivist instructional strategies affected teachers' views on science education. The teachers felt that acknowledging students' preconceptions helped them grasp scientific concepts easily. Also, constructivist methods made teaching more enjoyable and less burdensome. Teacher education institutes should consider creating collaborative networks between teachers and researchers and apply constructivist approaches to teacher education and development.
4
Koul, Rekha B. "Teacher-Student Interactions and Science Classroom Learning Environments in India." Thesis, Curtin University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/2407.
Full textAbstract:
The research reported in this thesis is an in-depth study of teacher-student interactions and science classroom learning environments in Jammu, India. Jammu city is the winter capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, situated at the extreme north of India. This is the first time that any learning environment research has been conducted and reported from this part of the world. The objective of this research was to provide further validation information about two already existing learning environment instruments with Indian students and describe, discuss and analyse information on the associations between student’s perceptions of learning environment and their attitudes and cognitive achievements. Differences in the perceptions of different groups namely gender, religious and cultural were also investigated. The present study commenced with a more positivistic framework, with an aim of providing a large-scale quantitative overview. The Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI), the What is Happening in this Class? (WIHIC) and an Attitude Scale were administered to 1,021 students from 32 science classes in seven different co-educational private schools in Jammu. The data were analysed to determine the reliability, validity and mean of each scale. Students were interviewed to determine further the reliability of the questionnaires, in addition to providing information that might explain the QTI and WIHIC mean scale scores. As a result of critical reflection, the study moved towards a more interpretative framework, drawing on elements of the constructivist and critical theory paradigms. Multiple research methods were used to member and deepen the researchers understanding of the learning environments in Jammu. An educational critique was used to describe the social and cultural factors that could influence the prevailing learning environments.
5
Koul, Rekha B. "Teacher-Student Interactions and Science Classroom Learning Environments in India." Curtin University of Technology, Science and Mathematics Education Centre, 2003. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=15393.
Full textAbstract:
The research reported in this thesis is an in-depth study of teacher-student interactions and science classroom learning environments in Jammu, India. Jammu city is the winter capital of the state of Jammu and Kashmir, situated at the extreme north of India. This is the first time that any learning environment research has been conducted and reported from this part of the world.The objective of this research was to provide further validation information about two already existing learning environment instruments with Indian students and describe, discuss and analyse information on the associations between students perceptions of learning environment and their attitudes and cognitive achievements. Differences in the perceptions of different groups namely gender, religious and cultural were also investigated.The present study commenced with a more positivistic framework, with an aim of providing a large-scale quantitative overview. The Questionnaire on Teacher Interaction (QTI), the What is Happening in this Class? (WIHIC) and an Attitude Scale were administered to 1,021 students from 32 science classes in seven different co-educational private schools in Jammu.The data were analysed to determine the reliability, validity and mean of each scale. Students were interviewed to determine further the reliability of the questionnaires, in addition to providing information that might explain the QTI and WIHIC mean scale scores. As a result of critical reflection, the study moved towards a more interpretative framework, drawing on elements of the constructivist and critical theory paradigms. Multiple research methods were used to member and deepen the researchers understanding of the learning environments in Jammu. An educational critique was used to describe the social and cultural factors that could influence the prevailing learning environments .
6
Maharaj, Doraisamy Ashok. "Space for "development": US-Indian space relations 1955 -1976." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/45973.
Full textAbstract:
Through four case studies of technological systems - optical tracking of satellites, sounding rockets, instructional television through a geosynchronous satellite, and a launch vehicle--I explore the origins and development of the Indian space program from 1955 through 1976, a period critical in shaping the program's identity and its relationship to the state. Institutionalized, and constructed in different geographic regions of India, these systems were embedded in the broader political, economic, and social life of the country and served as nodes around which existing and new scientific and technological communities were formed. These organic, highly networked communities in turn negotiated and developed a space program to meet the social and strategic demands of a new modernizing nation state. That modernizing program was, in turn, embedded in a broader set of scientific, technological and political relationships with industrialized countries, above all the United States. The United States' cooperation with India began with the establishment of tracking stations for plotting the orbits of artificial satellites. Cognizant of the contributions made by Indian scientists in the field of astronomy and meteorology, a scientific tradition that stretched back several decades, the officials and the scientific community at NASA, along with their Indian counterparts outlined a cooperative program that focused on the mutual exploration of the tropical space for scientific data. This initial collaboration gradually expanded and more advanced space application projects brought the two democratic countries, in spite of some misgivings, closer together in the common cause of using space sciences and technologies for developing India. In the process India and the United States ended up coproducing a space program that responded to the ambitions of the postcolonial scientific and political elite of India. The global Cold War and the ambiguities, desires and tensions of a postcolonial nation-state vying for leadership among the newly decolonized states in the Afro-Asian region are critical for understanding the origins and the trajectory of India's space program. Without this political context and the construction of a transnational web of relationships, it is highly unlikely that the Indian scientific and technological elite, along with their industrial and political partners, would have succeeded in putting India on the space map of the world.
7
Gowrie-Smith, Lachlan Ian. "Microfinance regulation in China and India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62467.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 71-76).
The regulatory responses of Governments in different countries to emerging microfinance sectors have varied dramatically and as a result so have the outcomes for these sectors. As two of the fastest growing developing countries in the world over the last two decades, both with vast poor rural populations lacking access to credit, the potential demand for microfinance in India and China is enormous. Yet where the microfinance sector in India has been one of the fastest growing in the world with a diverse range of successful for-profit and non-profit microfinance institutions, the microfinance sector in China has failed to find its feet with microfinance institutions unable to attract commercial funding to expand or to achieve financial self-sufficiency. In this thesis I provide a comparative analysis of the regulatory frameworks for microfinance in China and India in order to demonstrate how the more restrictive and uncertain regulatory environment in China has hindered the development of the sector. In the next section of the thesis I bring the discussion of the regulatory frameworks into the broader political and economic contexts of the countries to answer the question: why have the Governments in India and China regulated the emerging microfinance sectors so differently? I argue that rising inequality and poverty alleviation plans conditioned the goals of the Governments for the microfinance sector and that the broader level of financial sector liberalization conditioned the feasible set of microfinance regulations for the Governments.
by Lachlan Ian Gowrie-Smith.
S.M.
8
D’Souza, Shanthie Mariet. "India in Post-ISAF Afghanistan." Universität Potsdam, 2014. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2014/6992/.
Full textAbstract:
Indien macht sich Sorgen, ob seine betont nichtmilitärische Politik in Afghanistan nach Abzug der ISAF-Truppen Früchte trägt. Als einer der größten Entwicklungshilfegeber hat Indien nach Vertreibung
der Taliban 2001 mehr als zwei Mrd. US-Dollar in das Land gepumpt und der Nachfrage nach militärischer Hilfe bislang erfolgreich getrotzt. Unter Umgehung des einflussreichen Grenzlandes Pakistan will Indien von den Bodenschätzen Afghanistans, seiner strategischen Lage und seinem Wirtschafts- und Handelspotenzial profitieren. Die Angst vor der Rückkehr der Taliban sitzt jedoch tief und die eigene Verwundbarkeit ist groß, wie die Bombenangriffe 2008 und 2009 auf indische Botschaften in Afghanistan
zeigten. Langfristig wird Indien seine Interessen in diesem Raum nur über einen multilateralen Ansatz sichern können.
9
Arora, Jagdish, and Pawan Agrawal. "Indian Digital Library in Engineering Science and Technology (INDEST) Consortium: Consortia-Based Subscription to Electronic Resources for Technical Education System in India: A Government of India Initiative." Information and Library Network Centre, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105608.
Full textAbstract:
The Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD) has set-up a â Consortia-based Subscription to Electronic Resources for Technical Education System in Indiaâ on the recommendations made by the Expert Group appointed by the ministry. The consortium is named as the Indian National Digital Library in Science and Technology (INDEST) Consortium. The INDEST Consortium has commenced its operation since Dec., 2002 through its headquarters at the IIT Delhi. The Consortium subscribes to full-text electronic resources and bibliographic databases for 38 leading engineering and technological institutions in India including IITs (7), IISc (1), NITs / RECs (17), IIMs (6) and a few other institutions directly funded by the Ministry of Human Resource Development (MHRD). While the expenditure on electronic resources proposed for subscription under the consortium for these 38 institutions are being met from the funds made available by the MHRD, the consortium being an open-ended proposition, welcomes all other institutions to join it on their own for sharing benefits it offers in terms of highly discounted subscription rates and better terms of agreement with the publishers. Moreover, beneficiary institutions may also subscribe to additional electronic resources through the consortium that are not being funded by the MHRD. This article introduces the INDEST Consortium, its activities and services.
10
Banerjee, Somaditya. "Bhadralok physics and the making of modern science in colonial India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/45405.
Full textAbstract:
This study offers a micro-history of the development of quantum physics in India during the first
half of the twentieth century, prior to Indian independence. The investigation focuses on the
case studies of Indian physicists Satyendranath Bose (1894-1974), Chandrasekhara Venkata
Raman (1888-1970) and Meghnad Saha (1893-1956). The analytical category “bhadralok
physics” is introduced to explore how it became possible for a highly successful brand of modern
science to develop in a country that was still under the conditions of colonial domination. The
term Bhadralok refers to the then emerging group of native intelligentsia, who were identified by
academic pursuits and manners and effectively transcended the existing class and caste barriers
of the colonial society. Exploring the forms of life of this social group allows a better
understanding of the specific character of Indian modernity that, as exemplified by the work of
bhadralok physicists, combined modern science with indigenous knowledge into an original
program of scientific research. Unlike the most prominent Indian scientists of the preceding
generation, Bose, Saha and Raman received their academic education in India proper, rather than
Europe, and can be considered the “first indigenously trained generation” of modern scientists.
They achieved most significant scientific successes in the new revolutionary field of quantum
physics with such internationally recognized accomplishments as the Saha ionization equation
(1921), the famous Bose-Einstein statistics (1924), and the Raman Effect (1928), with the latter
discovery leading to the first ever Nobel Prize awarded to a scientist from Asia. The study
analyzes the responses by Indian scientists to the radical concept of the light quantum and their
further development of this approach outside the purview of European authorities. The outlook
of bhadralok physicists is characterized here as “cosmopolitan nationalism,” which allows to
analyze how the group pursued modern science in conjunction with, and as an instrument of
Indian national liberation, and explore the role played by modern science for and within the
Indian nationalist movement.
11
Chadha, Ashish. "Performing science, producing nation : arcaheology and the state in postcolonial India /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.
Full text
12
Bhattacharyya, Anouska. "Indian Insanes: Lunacy in the 'Native' Asylums of Colonial India, 1858-1912." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11204.
Full textAbstract:
The new Government of India did not introduce legislation for `native' lunacy in colonial India as a measure of social control after the uprisings of 1857-8; discussions about Indian insanes had already occurred in 1856, following asylum and pauper reform in Victorian England. With the 1858 Lunacy Acts, native lunatic asylums occupied an unsteady position between judicial and medical branches of this government. British officers were too constrained by their inexperience of asylums and of India to be effective superintendents and impose a coherent psychiatry within. They relied on their subordinate staff who were recruited from the communities that surrounded each asylum. Alongside staff and patients, the asylums were populated by tea sellers, local visitors, janitors, cooks and holy men, all of whom presented alternate and complementary ideas about the treatment and care of Indian insanes. By 1912, these asylums had been transformed into archetypal colonial institutions, strict with psychiatric doctrine and filled with Western-trained Indian doctors who entertained no alternate belief systems in these colonial spaces. How did these fluid and heterogeneous spaces become the archetypes of colonial power?History of Science
13
Bagchi, Anita. "Plant and animal science in ancient India : perspective, attitude and conservation measures." Thesis, University of North Bengal, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/1529.
Full text
14
Kawatra, P. S., and Neeraj Kumar Singh. "E-learning in LIS education in India." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105799.
Full textAbstract:
Traces the history of e-learning to the learning age where knowledge will be freely accessed, profoundly abundant, and offered in cornucopia of formats. Distance learning has been accepted and recognized as a mode of education in LIS. The concept of open and distance learning is discussed. In the changing scenario of the society, the skills required of LIS professionals are also identified. The paper also examines the impact of the Internet on the teacher's role and explores the types of skills and strategies that teachers will need to be effective and efficient in online learning environments. The paper provides an insight into the innovative multi-channel delivery modes adopted by the different universities and their effectiveness for the LIS distance learners. Guidelines for distance learning Library services approved by Association of College and Research Libraries on June 29, 2004 are also discussed. For assessment and accreditation of LIS distance education institutions in India, areas have been identified.
15
Phalkey, Jahnavi. "Big-science, state-formation and development: the organisation of nuclear research in India, 1938-1959." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/36535.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is a history of the beginnings of nuclear research and education in India, between 1938 and 1959, through the trajectories of particle accelerator building activities at three institutions: the Department of Physics, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, the Palit Laboratory of Physics, University Science College, Calcutta, later (Saha) Institute of Nuclear Physics, and the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Bombay. The two main arguments in this thesis are: First, the beginnings of nuclear research in India were rooted in the "modernist imperative" of the research field. However, post-war organisation of nuclear research came to be inextricably imbricated in processes of state-formation in independent India in a manner such that failure to actively engage with the bureaucratic state implied death of a laboratory project or constraints upon legitimately possible research. Second, state-formation, like the pursuit of nuclear research in India for the period of my study, became about India's participation and claim upon the universal. State-formation was equally a modernist imperative. Powerful sections of the nationalist bourgeoisie in India understood "Science" and the "State" as universals in World History, and India, they were convinced, had to confirm its place in history as an equal among equals. These two arguments combined explain how nuclear research came to be established, transformed, and extended through the gradual assembly of material infrastructure to realistically enable the new country take a capable decision on the nuclear question.
16
Zachau, Walker Miriam E. (Miriam Elizabeth). "Modeling environmental impact of unfired bricks in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80906.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering, 2013.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 30-32).
Brick manufacturing requires a considerable amount of energy and land, but these numbers have been difficult to quantify in rural parts of the developing world. The environmental impact of unfired bricks in India is investigated through modeling the effects of materials composition and processing on energy consumption, carbon dioxide equivalent emissions, and land surface area use. The analysis uses a cradle-to-gate life cycle assessment to quantitatively estimate these impacts. The depth of soil extraction has a significantly affects the land use required for bricks; changing this depth in practice or through regulation has the potential to reduce environmental impact without affecting brick performance. The impact of unfired bricks depends greatly on composition, in particular the amount and type of stabilizer and the incorporation of fly ash. While stabilizers increase the environmental burden, the performance gain is potentially worth these effects when compared to energy intensive fired bricks. Future work could expand the model to quantify the relevant cost and performance tradeoffs with environmental impact.
by Miriam E. Zachau Walker.
S.B.
17
Wilson, Caroline H. "The commodification of health care in Kerala, South India : science, consumerism and markets." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2010. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/2371/.
Full textAbstract:
In India, alongside Information Technology, health care has become a leading sector in the country‘s development as a 'knowledge economy' (World Bank 2005). One of the major achievements and beacons of economic reform is the growth of some of the most technologically advanced hospitals in the world. This thesis examines the social processes shaping the expansion of the private health care system in the state of Kerala, South India, where large corporate hospitals and 'super-speciality' medicine have spread throughout urban and many rural areas. It explores the intersections between the local and the global, as the health system becomes the major driver of industrial development, unevenly linking the local health care system to the global marketplace for technologies, health care professionals and patients. It examines the three faces of the health care system in Kerala - as a knowledge industry and route to social mobility for the middle classes, in particular doctors and nurses; secondly, as a consumer economy, as people prioritise spending on health care and shop for treatment in the urban marketplace; and finally as a moral economy, as people develop high levels of dependency on doctors, hospitals and technologies in the hope of receiving good health care. The ethnography is set in Malabar, Northern Kerala, where the expansion of private health care has been financed by remittances from migration to the Arabian Gulf countries. The thesis examines the influence of migration and economic reforms on local ecologies of health and health care; the impact of the globalisation of trade in health services in the developing world; the relationship between the private health care system and the middle classes in South Asia; and the role of markets in the delivery of health services. Based on 18 months of participant observation across the urban and rural health care market with local communities of doctors and patients, it examines how doctors and patients adjust to a changing ecology and economy of health care.
18
Bullion, Alan James. "India, Sri Lanka and the Tamil crisis, 1976-1990." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.240258.
Full text
19
Novosad, Paul. "Essays on Local Economic Growth in India." Thesis, Harvard University, 2013. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11100.
Full text
20
Dubey, Anjali. "Carbon Footprints of Agriculture in Ohio, USA and Punjab, India." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1230137407.
Full text
21
Newsom, Angel M. "Breaking from tradition India and the path to development /." [Denver, Colo.] : Regis University, 2009. http://adr.coalliance.org/codr/fez/view/codr:140.
Full text
22
Arunachalam, Subbiah, and Jayashree Balaji. "Fish Science Research in China: How does it Compare with Fish Research in India?" Jointly published by Akadémiai Kiadó, Budapest and Kluwer Academic Publishers, Dordrecht, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105477.
Full textAbstract:
Fish and aquaculture research in the Peopleâ s Republic of China over the six years 1994-1999 has been mapped using data from six databases â three abstracting services and three citation indexes. The results are compared with fish science research in India. During the six years China has published 2035 papers (roughly 4.5 â 5% of the world output) and India 2454. More than 95% of Chinaâ s papers are journal articles, compared to 82.8% of Indian papers. About 78% of Chinaâ s journal paper output has appeared in 143 domestic journals compared to 70% from India in 113 Indian journals. Less than one-eighth of the journal articles published by Chinese researchers are published in journals indexed in SCI, compared to 30% of journal articles by Indian researchers. Less than a dozen papers from each of these countries have appeared in journals of impact factor
greater than 3.0. Fish research institutes and fishery colleges are the major contributors of the Chinese research output in this area. In India academic institutions are the leading contributors (61%), followed by central government institutions (>25%). Qingdao, Wuhan, Beijing and Shanghai are the cities and Shandong, Hubei and Fujian are the provinces contributing a large number of papers. As we do not have addresses of all authors in most of the papers, we are unable to estimate the extent of international collaboration. Although Chinaâ s research output and its
citation impact are less than those of India, Chinaâ s fish production and export earnings are far higher than those of India. Probably China is better at bridging the gap between knowhow (research) and do-how (technology and creation of employment and wealth). China is pretty strong in extension.
23
Prior, Katherine. "The British administration of Hinduism in North India, 1780-1900." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/241545.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis is divided into three main sections, each dealing with a different aspect of the religious administration of the British in India. No one section covers the entire period of 1780 to 1900, but they are assembled to give a chronological whole, with some overlapping between them. The first section traces the changes in Hindu traditions of pilgrimage in north India, c. 1780- 1840. Most of the information revolves around three main sites - Aflahabad, Benares and Gaya - partly as a result of source bias: the British had control of these sites from a relatively early date and much eighteenth-century information about the pilgrim industries there has been preserved. This section focuses on the religious behaviour of the Marathas: their patronage of the northern sites and the British interaction with Maratha royals and other elite pilgrims. It looks at the way in which elite pilgrims smoothed the way for non-elite pilgrims to make long and hazardous journeys to the north, setting up traditions of relations with sites and priests that enabled non-elite pilgrimage to continue long after royal patronage declined in the nineteenth century. This section also considers the changing attitudes of the British to Hindu pilgrimage. Eighteenth-century officers welcomed the advantages inherent in the control of famous pilgrimage sites: the chance to advertise British rule to visitors from non-Company territories, the numerous occasions for pleasing political allies, the receipt of wealth from all over India. Territorial expansion at the turn of the century undid many of these advantages and, with the rise of evangelicalism and the acrimonious debate about the right of a Christian government to profit from idolatry, in the nineteenth century the control of pilgrimage sites began to be seen as a liability. The second section concentrates on the British regulation of religious disputes. Most of the evidence deals with Hindu-Muslim conflict over religious festivals and cow-slaughter in the cities of the North-Western Provinces. Although most of the incidents examined are from the core of the nineteenth century, c. 1820-1880, earlier incidents are studied in an attempt to understand pre-British practices. Some material from the very end of the century is also examined. Innovative and influential aspects of British policy are shown to be the judiciary's emphasis on precedent and the consequent creation of intercommunal rights in religious display and of a documented history of local disputes. Pre-British religious disputation is shown to function in an entirely contemporary environment, with communities and individuals' rights of display reflecting only their current position within the locality. An important part of the argument is the extent to which Indians adopted the British methods but, exploiting officers' ignorance of a locality's history, manipulated them to their own ends. A post-1857 development in British policy, the attempt to build-up "natural leaders" within localities and to get them to control the people's religious behaviour, is important because it highlights the British antipathy to traditional religious leaders. The failure of these "natural leaders" - largely gentlemen of inherited wealth and property and in receipt of British honours and titles - to stop their co-religionists from fighting over the rights of religious display underlines the very big gap between colonial intentions and achievements. The third section is a discussion of the impact of "objective" scientific and sanitation principles on the celebration of grand Hindu fairs in the last half of the nineteenth century. Particular emphasis is placed on the government's efforts to prevent outbreaks of cholera and plague at the big gatherings. Where once the colonial government had shied away from close relations with Hinduism, warned off by the pious wrath of the evangelicals, now it pursued a radically interventionist course in public Hindu worship, justifying interference with pilgrims and pilgrimage sites in terms of public health. It is clear that this section draws upon the material presented in the first section, but the second is also not without relevance. The British antipathy to religious professionals is shown to be very strong in their late-nineteenth-century administration of pilgrimage sites. These men were consistently alienated from the government and they forfeited few opportunities to declare their hostility to state officials and the Indians who supported them. The fact that priests and pilgrims repeatedly joined forces in opposition to state "improvements" at holy sites, suggested that the independence of activity that was shown in the second section to have characterized religious behaviour in the home locality was strong enough to be transported throughout the Hindi-speaking region. The conclusion draws together the disparate evidence of the three sections to argue that, over the nineteenth century, the component of religion in community and individual identity was magnified until it became large enough to stand alone as an indicator of identity. It also argues that, particularly for non-elites, participation in religious display and any consequent disputes was an indicator of one's independence, not from members of another religious grouping, but from the economic elite of one's own co-religionists.
24
Kaul, Sharika. "Sexual Violence Against Women in India: The Role of Public Policy and Social Media in the Persistence of Sexually Violent Crimes." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/739.
Full textAbstract:
Following the 2012 gang-rape of a 23-year-old paramedic student in New Delhi, India's rape culture received unprecedented global attention. The Central Government sought to reduce the incidence of sexually violent crimes against Indian women by implementing policy changes. However, crimes against women and reported rapes have continued to rise. This paper seeks to explain the persistence of sexually violent crimes in India by arguing that contemporary public policies and the dominating presence of men's rights organizations on social media platforms have reproduced rapability in unique and dangerous ways.
25
Wilkinson, Steven Ian 1965. "The electoral incentives for ethnic violence : Hindu-Muslim riots in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/10093.
Full text
26
Jall, Hutokshi Jamshed. "Raj Kapoor and Hindi Films: Catalysts of Political Socialization in India." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1994. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/3399.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation seeks to describe and analyze Raj Kapoor and Hindi films as direct and latent catalysis of political socialization in India. The main objective of this study is to portray that Raj Kapoor as an actor, director and producer of Hindi films endeavors not only to entertain people but makes them socially conscious by capturing the socioeconomic scenario in the aftermath of the partition of India in 1947, and socializes them to love each other, live in peace, and consequently, contribute towards the resurgence of a reformed, united and vibrant India.
In order to defend the objective of the thesis, films in which Raj Kapoor established himself as an actor or a creator were reviewed and analyzed, and extensive fieldwork was undertaken in Bombay.
The National Film Archive of India, Pune and the Price Gilbert Library, Atlanta provided secondary sources of information. The framework of analysis combines Gabriel Almond, G. Bingham owell and Sidney Verba's model of political socialization with Karl Deutsch's theory of communication and the New Left paradigm.
This dissertation, in the final analysis seeks to establish that Raj Kapoor and Hindi films are capable of assisting the Indian state in the process of nation-building by instilling a buoyant sense of nationalism, and invoking universal values of nonviolence, love, unity, peace and friendship in the individual, national and international spheres.
The significance of this research is unique as it seeks to establish the importance of Hindi film artists who contribute directly or indirectly in shaping the attitude, values and beliefs of the Indian people. Perhaps, this research work is path breaking as it seeks to analytically point out and reiterate the importance of love and nonviolence in the realm of politics, and in improving the quality of everyday life via Hindi films and artists like Raj Kapoor.
27
Sriram, Shyam Krishnan. "Caste and the Court: Examining Judicial Selection Bias on Bench Assignments on the Indian Supreme Court." unrestricted, 2006. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-03212006-150358/.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.A.)--Georgia State University, 2006.Title from title screen. Date from dissertation t.p. Robert Howard, committee chair; Scott Graves, Kim Reimann, committee members. Electronic text (39 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. "Appendix A: Indian Supreme Court cases used in analysis" : p. 37-39. Description based on contents viewed May 22, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-37).
28
Chakraborty, Anwesha <1984>. "Institutional Narratives and their Role in Communication of Science and Technology: a Study of Public Science Museums and Centres in India." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7874/1/chakraborty_anwesha_tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation looks at the narrative of science and technology promoted by national level public institutions which work in the field of science communication and public understanding of science. Focus is on India and specifically on the National Council of Science Museums (NCSM hereafter), which is a centrally funded organization under the Ministry of Culture, Government of India. It is in charge of creating a large number of science centres around the country and also managing several of them. The organization has a clearly defined set of goals and objectives, the most prominent one of which is the ‘promotion of scientific temper’ (a recurring theme dealt with in the chapters), and is in charge of carrying out multiple programmes of public engagement with science, the details of which can be found in the annual activity reports. These constitute a part of the primary literature used in the dissertation. Interviews carried out with highly involved stakeholders (like the NCSM management), field notes gathered during museum visits and other publications of NCSM and contributions of NCSM professionals to academic discourse constitute the other primary sources.
29
Charrier, Philip Joseph. "Britain, India and the genesis of the Colombo Plan, 1945-1951." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251582.
Full text
30
Jenkins, Robert S. "Democratic adjustment : explaining the political sustainability of economic reform in India." Thesis, University of Sussex, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363367.
Full text
31
Borooah, V. "Implementation across national boundaries : implementing the Government of India Act 1935." Thesis, Open University, 1986. http://oro.open.ac.uk/56920/.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis examines decisions made in one country and implemented in another. Implementation of such decisions is explored principally by means of a case study of implementation, namely implementation of the Government of India Act, 1935, passed by the British Parliament that year. The first chapter shows, that decision-making literature, in the field of international relations, has concentrated on the process by which decisions are arrived at, while implementation of such decisions has been largely neglected. Where implementation has been dealt with in the literature, it can be organised in terms of two models. A third model of implementation which describes better the implementation process, and a number of propositions about implementation derived from the existing literature are put forward. The model and propositions are tested against the case study. The method adopted is one of using case studies to build theory. The implementation of three decisions within the 1935 Act is examined; the first dealt with division of revenues between the centre and the provinces; the second, the grant of autonomy to the provinces; and the third, the establishment of an all-India federation to include both, the princely states and the provinces of British India. The model and the propositions guide the analysis of the case studies, though these are not rigidly structured in order to allow the idiosyncratic aspects of each case to be taken into account. The period having been thoroughly examined by historians, mainly secondary sources were used, though some primary material, not fully examined by historians till now, was used in the first case study. The first two decisions were implemented, while the third was not, and a comparison between the three cases is made in the concluding chapter. The chapter examines the evidence for the model and for the propositions that was found in the case studies. Comparison of the three cases enables conclusions to be drawn about factors that are conducive to successful implementation, and those that are antithetical to implementation.
32
Kruks-Wisner, Gabrielle K. "Claiming the state : citizen-state relations and service delivery in rural India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83760.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2013."February 2013." Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 271-281).
Who makes claims on the state and how? This dissertation examines the processes through which citizens seek to secure public resources from the state and, by extension, the patterns of participation and citizen-state relations that emerge. Using the case of rural India, I explore whether and how citizens navigate their local environments to demand public services such as drinking water, health services and education, or access to welfare and poverty reduction programs. My fieldwork in the state of Rajasthan, consisting of 400 in-depth interviews and a survey of 2210 households across 105 villages, reveals variation in the incidence and practice of claim-making, ranging from those who do not engage the state at all, to direct petitioning of officials, to strategies mediated through non-state actors and informal institutions. Such variation cannot be adequately explained by an individual's socioeconomic status, by the characteristics of formal institutions, or by levels of development in a locality. Rather, I find that claim-making practice is shaped by the degree to which a person is exposed to people and settings across such social and spatial lines. Through ties that extend beyond the immediate community and locality, a person encounters information and ideas about the state and its resources as well as an array of contacts that provide linkages to the state. Socio-spatial exposure across divisions of caste, class, neighborhood, or village expands both the opportunities and knowledge necessary for citizen-state engagement, increasing both the likelihood as well as the breadth of claim-making practice. These findings shed critical light on our understanding of both distributive politics (who gets what from the state) and democratic practice (who participates and how).
by Gabrielle K. Kruks-Wisner.
Ph.D.
33
Boivin, Nicole Lise. "'Archaeological science as anthropology' : time, space and materiality in rural India and the ancient past." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620176.
Full text
34
Botteron, Cynthia Ann. "What the study of tiger preservation in India reveals about science, advocacy, and policy change /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3004219.
Full text
35
Duncan, Stewart M. "Political risk analysis and economic reform : investing in the Indian electricity sector." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49776.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The definition of political risk and the methodology of its assessment have changed since the inception of the discipline midway through the last century. This assignment assesses the usefulness of a new quantitative technique that uses political constraints and the policy preferences of political actors to construct a measure of political risk. Integrating the findings of the resulting Political Constraints Index with an analysis of the political economy of the Indian Electricity Sector, the assignment demonstrates that, contrary to the original interpretations of the index, high levels of political constraints and political competition may propagate a disabling policy regime and be detrimental to the investor, despite the stated commitment of the incumbent government to policy reform. The implication of these findings is that, to avoid incorrect interpretation, the Political Constraint Index should be augmented by a comprehensive qualitative assessment of the industry in question.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die definisie van politieke risiko en die metodologie om dit te ontleed, het verander sedert die onstaan van hierdie dissipline gedurende die middel van die laaste eeu. Hierdie opdrag ontleed die nuttigheid van 'n nuwe kwantitatiewe tegniek wat die politieke beperkings en beleidsvoorkeure van politieke rolspelers gebruik om 'n maatstaf van politieke risiko te verskaf. Die opdrag se integrasie van die bevindinge van die resulterende Politieke Beperkings Indeks met 'n analise van die politieke ekonomie van die Indiese Elektrisiteits Sektor bewys dat, teenstrydig met oorspronklike interpretasies van die indeks, hoe vlakke van politieke beperkings en politieke kompetisie 'n deaktiveringsbeleid regime kan kweek wat nadelig is vir die belegger, ten spyte van die huidige regering se verklaarde toegewydheid tot beleidshervorming. Die implikasie van hierdie bevindinge is dat, om foutiewe interpretasie te vermy, die Politieke Beperkings Indeks verbeter moet word deur 'n omvattende kwalitatiewe ontleding van die verlangde industrie.
36
Basu, Anuradha. "Procedural rationality in public expenditure decision making with specific reference to India." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.385638.
Full text
37
Dasgupta, Aditya. "The Puzzle of Democratic Monopolies: Single Party Dominance and Decline in India." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493515.
Full textAbstract:
How to explain political monopolies in democratic institutional settings? Dominant parties in countries with robust formal democratic institutions are surprisingly frequent, yet poorly understood. Existing theories explain away the puzzle by characterizing dominant parties as `catch-all' parties that survive on the basis of historically imbued mass voter legitimacy. This dissertation develops a theory of how dominant parties in fact routinely win free and fair elections despite counter-majoritarian policy biases and why they decline, utilizing the uneven decline of single-party dominance across regions and localities of India as a historical natural experiment.
The puzzle in the Indian case is that the Congress party was able to monopolize power in a poor and rural society for over four decades after independence despite a counter-majoritarian urban bias and free and fair elections. The dissertation develops a political economy model that rationalizes this --- showing how extensive but implicit ties of patronage enable dominant parties to maintain power and counter-majoritarian policies in conditions of formal democratic institutions. The theory generates two new empirical implications about why dominant parties decline and how this reshapes distributive politics --- which are tested through sub-national comparative historical analysis, quantitative analysis of historical data, and in-depth fieldwork.
First, the theory suggests that dominant parties do not simply fade away with the passage of time or societal modernization, but decline as a result of protracted distributive conflict with rising but politically excluded economic interests. In the Indian context, I provide evidence that this took the form of political mobilization by agricultural producers in the aftermath of the green revolution. Exploiting exogenous variation in the diffusion of high-yielding variety crops, the first empirical chapter provides evidence that economic growth in the politically excluded agricultural sector intensified rural-urban distributive conflict, accounting for the rise of agrarian opposition parties and half of the Congress party's long-run decline.
Second, the theory suggests that the decline of single-party dominance democratizes distributive politics, in two ways. One is that policies shift in favor of the rising but previously politically excluded economic interests. Another more complex channel is that in an effort to regain lost political ground, dominant parties strategically reinvent themselves as pro-poor parties, initiating a process of competitive credit claiming for social policy. The second empirical chapter applies a structural break methodology to estimate the timing of dominant party decline across Indian states, and utilizes this variation to show that the decline of single-party dominance led to the rise of agriculture-favoring policies and social spending. Through fieldwork in two states as well as analysis of the electoral effects of India's largest contemporary social program, the third empirical chapter provides micro-level evidence that the emergence of a nascent welfare state is driven by a logic of competitive credit-claiming.
In contrast to existing theories, the case of India suggests that dominant party decline in democratic settings bears a resemblance to the decline of political monopolies generally, representing a process of de facto democratization in de jure democratic institutional settings. I show that the argument can help to explain trajectories of dominant party decline and distributive politics in a number of other cases, including Japan, Italy, Mexico and the American South.Government
38
Flank, Steven M. "Reconstructing rockets--the politics of developing military technology in Brazil, India, and Israel." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12739.
Full text
39
Grout, Andrew. "Geology and India, 1770-1851 : a study in the methods and motivations of a colonial science." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283393.
Full text
40
Puggioni, Antonio. "Access to justice and sustainable development: the National Green Tribunal of India." Thesis, IMT Alti Studi Lucca, 2016. http://e-theses.imtlucca.it/191/1/Puggioni%20_phthesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
With the adoption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the relevance of the notion of sustainable development – that bridges environmental, economic and social dimensions - has risen to the status of programme for the international community. In this framework, a “fourth”, legal leg of sustainable development has been envisioned as a necessary complement to realise the 2030 Agenda, through the role of inclusive and effective institutions.
The role of tribunals and of access to justice assumes a significance insofar as it guarantees the respect of the rule of law that has been highlighted as the fundamental aspect for achieving sustainable development. In this regard, experiences of national implementation of the principle of sustainable development in the field of human rights are crucial for understanding current developments and for studying legal systems that are mutually influencing and reinforcing each other.
Concerning the guarantee of environmental rights, three main strategies can be outlined: the maintenance of general jurisdictions; the establishment of “green benches” as sections of ordinary tribunals dealing with environmental cases; the creation of specialised tribunals, with experts in scientific subjects and judges specifically trained in this field.
In light of its experience of “low-yielding” judicial institutions, characterised by delays, backlogs and insufficient capacities of case management, India undoubtedly constitutes one of the leading cases for assessing the validity of institutional measures aimed at the application of the concept of sustainable development in the legal field. In this regard, the Parliament of India chose to pursue the third path and enacted the National Green Tribunal Act in 2010. The experience of India is thus analysed considering, on the one hand, the constitutional framework embodied in the protection of environmental rights within the right to life enshrined in Article 21 of the Constitution, with Articles 48A and 51A(g) and, on the other hand, the interpretation of the courts regarding international law principles (sustainable development, polluter pays and precautionary principle), that are statutorily applied by the National Green Tribunal. The thesis thus analyses the advantages brought forward by the newly established tribunal - expanded access to tribunals, through new rules and a more flexible procedure; enhanced expertise due to the change in the composition of courts; consistency in decisions, thanks to the specialisation - as well as possible drawbacks caused by the resort to creeping jurisdiction and by the monopolisation of the interpretation of sustainable development by a single environmental court.
41
Ben-Simon, Yaakov (Yaakov Kobi). "Where India fits within Flextronics global supply chain." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/39592.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (M.B.A.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management; and, (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science; in conjunction with the Leaders for Manufacturing Program at MIT, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-67).
This project focuses on Flextronics International manufacturing strategy regarding its global supply chain design, and its export strategy from India. It also focuses on the application of the Flextronics case to the question of India's role in global electronics manufacturing. Following China's successful economic model, India is establishing itself as a global manufacturing hub by attracting multinational companies. Over time, India has the potential to become a large end-market for electronic products. In addition, India's low-cost labor-base may allow it to become a lucrative manufacturing location for export markets. On the other hand, the infrastructure is problematic, the component supply base is extremely undeveloped, and extensive competition exists from well-developed, low-cost Asian countries. This thesis examines the competitive advantage and disadvantage of export-oriented electronic manufacturing in India. It studies the business environment in India in terms of infrastructure, taxes, bureaucracy, and government policies. The thesis also identifies high potential products for manufacturing in India, and compares the total cost in India to the cost in China for the manufacture of a mechanical enclosure.
(cont.) For the mechanical enclosure, this analysis establishes that India can be as competitive as China on a cost basis. The study also looks beyond cost to identify the key challenges for high-volume manufacturing in India and suggest ways to address them.
by Yaakov (Kobi) Ben-Simon.
S.M.
M.B.A.
42
Kissopoulos, Lisa. "Nationalist Conflict and Elite Manipulation in Serbia and India." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1186753678.
Full text
43
Mangla, Akshay. "Rights for the voiceless : the state, civil society and primary education in rural India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/83770.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2013.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 238-250).
When and how do public institutions work effectively on behalf of marginalized citizens? The Indian government has enacted a number of policies for universal primary education, and yet the extent and quality of implementation varies significantly across regions. Why, operating under the same national policy framework, democratic institutions and administrative structures, do some public agencies in India implement policies more effectively than others? This dissertation identifies the mechanisms behind policy implementation through a series of sub-national comparisons and nested case studies carried out in three north Indian states-Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh. While much scholarship emphasizes the design of formal institutions, my study highlights the importance of informal bureaucratic norms, unwritten yet widely observed rules within the state that guide how public officials behave and relate to citizens. The study find that agencies governed by deliberative norms-these are norms that encourage bureaucrats to work collectively to solve problems, bend official rules and promote civic participation-implement policies more effectively than agencies that operate in a legalistic fashion, adhering strictly to formal rules and procedures while discouraging citizen engagement. These findings are drawn from more than two years of field research, including over 500 interviews and focus group discussions, participant observation within public agencies and primary schools, and village-level ethnography. The study of policy implementation in India sheds critical light on how public institutions function in practice and relate to citizens on the ground, and offers new theoretical insights on the relationship between governance and well-being in developing democracies.
by Akshay Mangla.
Ph.D.
44
Ziegfeld, Adam W. (Adam Weston). "Rule of law and party systems : a study of regional political parties in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/54606.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 198-208).
Where do party systems come from? The first part of this dissertation argues that party system formation depends on the rule of law, which is defined as the extent to which the state uniformly implements and enforces its laws and policies. When the rule of law is weak, voters form attachments primarily over politicians, and voters cast their ballots for whichever party their preferred politician chooses to establish or join. Consequently, politicians ultimately shape party system formation, since their decisions about party affiliation determine whether a political party succeeds or fails. By contrast, when the rule of law is strong, voters form attachments directly over political parties; voters therefore determine which parties constitute the party system. The second part of the dissertation applies the argument about party system formation under weak rule of law to the case of regional political parties in India. This project explains the success of regional parties in a weak rule of law democracy such as India by focusing on why so many politicians choose to establish and join regional parties. The two factors that explain the extraordinary success of Indian regional parties are 1) the geographic concentration of caste groups (and to a lesser extent, other types of politically salient groups) and 2) frequent coalition government at the national level. The geographic concentration of caste groups raises the costs associated with establishing a national party by forcing politicians from various caste groups to coordinate with one another. Meanwhile, frequent coalition government increases the benefits associated with membership in a regional party by allowing regional parties to participate in national-level government. Empirically, this dissertation is based on 17 months of field research and over 550 interviews with state- and local-level politicians across three Indian states: Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu, and West Bengal.
by Adam W. Ziegfeld.
Ph.D.
45
Ayyangar, Srikrishna. "Welfare populism and the rural poor comparing microcredit provision in India /." Related electronic resource:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1342745151&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=3739&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
Full text
46
Pal, Deep. "India-China Relationship Since 1988 -- Ensuring Economics trumps Politics." Thesis, The George Washington University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1586663.
Full textAbstract:
The Sino-Indian relationship marked by mutual mistrust for the last six decades has seen definitive changes since the late 1980s. Though considerable issues remain unresolved, the two have begun establishing mechanisms to establish a certain level of trust that began with the visit of Indian prime minister Rajiv Gandhi to Beijing in 1988. The paper analyzes recent literature on this relationship and finds them predicting two outcomes primarily - either one where India admits Chinese supremacy and kowtows to it, or one that foresees increased clashes between the two. Neither outcome takes into account the complex association that the two nations are building guided by a series of frameworks, mechanisms and agreements. This paper posits that in the evolutionary arc of interstate relations, Sino-Indian relations have not reached a point where only one of the two options - cooperation and competition, will be chosen. This paper argues that economic interests of the two rising powers is behind the present behavior where the two are courting each other but at the same time, preparing for the other's rise. Both countries consider their economic identity to be primary and do not want to be distracted from the key national goal of economic development. They are particularly careful that their disagreements with each other do not come in the way of this goal. The paper analyzes the various frameworks and suggests that they are created with this end in consideration. Both India and China aim to continue collaboration in economic matters bilaterally or in international issues of mutual interest even when they don't see eye to eye on disputes left over from history. It is likely that competition will at times get the better of cooperation, driven by factors like strategic influence in the neighborhood, finding newer providers of energy as well as markets for their goods and services. But periodic flare-ups notwithstanding, in the absence of serious provocations, the two countries will avoid clashes that can escalate. The paper also analyzes certain black-swan events that might disturb the balancing act. Incidents like the death of the Dalai Lama creating a vacuum within the Tibetan leadership is one such scenario; a terrorist attack on India planned and executed form Pakistan like the one in Mumbai in 2008 is another. However, the presence of multiple bilateral platforms will continue to automatically insulate alternate channels of communication even in these situations. In conclusion, the paper suggests that as they grow, India and China will continue to engage each other at several levels, competing and cooperation, deterring and reassuring each other at once.
47
Gupta, Neha. "An ethnographic study of crowdwork via Amazon Mechanical Turk in India." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2017. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/41062/.
Full textAbstract:
With the growth of ubiquitous computing, it is becoming increasingly easy to carry out work from anywhere, using a simple computing device that can connect you to the internet. Governments, policy makers, not-for-profit and scientific organizations have been reaching out to members of the general public - citizens, popularly known as the ‘crowd’, to get their ideas, opinions and expertise on various matters. This phenomenon of using the expertise of the ‘crowd’ for different purposes is called ‘crowdsourcing’. For sometime now businesses have been looking for new ways of saving money, beyond outsourcing, for their organizations; and have thus started reaching out to the crowd, through various platforms online to get access to a cheap, mobile workforce that is presumably available round the clock. Employing the crowd comes with massive benefits for such organisations that choose to use them: the crowd-workers serve as contractors or daily workers, who do not receive standard employee benefits such as holiday pay and insurance, as well as, pay for their own primary resources – the internet, computer, infrastructural and subsistence costs. There is also no current legislation that provides guidelines regarding such type of work, although there are quite a few researchers and advocacy groups now trying to change this. For the workers, crowdsourcing provides opportunities to make money, get exposure towards developing skills, learning to work and see a world outside their own all thanks to growth in tele-communication technologies and unstable employment patterns around the world. And although there is a lot of discourse surrounding crowdsourcing and crowdwork, particularly due to the legal aspect of such work, not much is understood about the work and the workers. Questions about this workforce remain unanswered such as: why does the crowd choose to do this type of work, how do they find these crowdsourcing platforms and crowdsourced jobs, what do they look for in the jobs they pick, how they organized their activities (both work and non-work), what tools and technologies they used, what might their concerns be as workers, how do they relate to requesters and the work platform? This thesis aims to provide insights into the work of crowdwork, what entails ‘doing crowdwork’, from the perspective of the workers who partake in crowdsourced work through online platforms. The thesis presents insights from an ethnographic study conducted in India through the summer of 2013, of crowdworkers, with a particular focus on Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) as the principle site for work. The naturalistic data was collected from virtual and in-person interviews as well as observations of crowdworkers in their places of work and dwelling, and analysed with an ethnomethodological orientation to data, to uncover the local methods of the workers in their own words, to provide more information about this understudied cohort. Learning about crowdwork and the workers is important because this type of work has potential from an organizational perspective; a variety of relatively low-skilled work such as data entry processing, tagging, information verification, transcription and translation are being (and could be) crowdsourced by medium and large organisations. Hence this thesis makes contributions to the fields of human computation, CSCW, HCI and crowdsourcing by bringing forth insights into ‘doing crowdwork’ and ‘being a crowdworker’, which might help parties interested in using, applying or designing for crowdsourced work and crowdsourcing platforms, as well as, researchers and designers interested in this field. The contributions of the thesis include: • Uncovering the heterogeneity in the motives of turkers: what motivates workers to work on platforms like AMT, and why they choose to continue their engagement with such work and platforms. • The features of the crowdsourcing platform: what made a platform attractive to the turkers? For instance, features such as ease of use and flexibility in choosing work, played an important role in crowdsourcing. • The social nature of work: although crowdwork is highly individualized and atomic, the nature of work itself was very social. Most workers found that they needed help for one thing or the other and found online resources such as forums and Facebook groups to get support or information regarding work and personal life. • Invisible work and constant contingency management undertaken by the crowdworkers: Workers had to find and do work while managing contingencies that were created due to the opaque nature of the platform studied, AMT; requiring them to seek help externally, e.g by means of browser plug-ins, to help them work around this opacity, at the same time, creating more unpaid work for them.
48
Saikia, Pahi. "Protest networks, communicative mechanisms and state responses: ethnic mobilization and violence in northeast India." Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=86799.
Full textAbstract:
Disputes between Georgia and two of its regions, Abkhazia and Ajaria in the 1990s, led to considerably different outcomes---while the Abkhazians became embroiled in a full-blown civil war with the state of Georgia, the Ajarians remained conspicuously calm. Similarly, in 1967-70, while the Igbo and Hausa-Fulani regions engaged in a violent confrontation with the Nigerian state, the adjoining Yoruba territory prevented such hostilities and stayed relatively peaceful. Variations such as these have been a recurring theme in the study of contentious politics along ethnic lines. Despite similarities in historical and structural experiences, some ethnic groups are able to avert violence while others turn to highly disruptive forms of contention to secure their goals related to group rights, cultural recognition, political and territorial autonomy. What accounts for these variations? Why do some ethnic groups seeking cultural and political autonomy engage in extraordinarily high risk violent movements while others respond with relative quiescence? These are some of the important questions, an exploration of which constitutes the central focus of this dissertation.Although a host of explanations exist on the cause of these variations, this study tends to adopt a process-oriented approach while incorporating theoretical perspectives borrowed from contentious politics besides rationalist and social psychological assumptions of ethnic violence. At the most general level, this dissertation makes the fundamental claim that although the desire for material ends does play a crucial role; it is the emotional struggle over the relative status of group identity and core ethnic symbols that affords a group the ultimate mobilizing potential for collective action. Beyond this, a well-crafted analytical framework that includes the mobilizing structure, the organizational resources and state responses is developed to understand the correlation between the mobilizing process and the outcome of ethnic movements. The utility of this framework is demonstrated through a comparison of three tribal minority ethnic groups in the north-eastern part of India, where one group seeks to create a separate ethno-federal territory through high-levels and sustaining violent insurgent actions, another employs relatively low levels of violence for a shorter duration while a third group advances moderate claims and resorts to relatively peaceful contentious actions. Further, the level of ethnic violence is determined by the consistency and extent of state accommodation of ethnic demands, and the nature of state repression. The study indicates that consistent state accommodation is most conducive to the containment of violence and widespread rather than targeted repression produces support for higher levels of anti-state violence.
The analysis finds that popular support and participation are crucial to shape the trajectories and strategies of ethnic movements. What leads to variations in the level of popular following across cases, is the availability of vertical networks, the degree of commitment, legitimacy and effective communicative strategies adopted by decentralized activist organizations. This in turn, generates collective mobilization and produces the mechanisms for the sustenance of violent rebellion. Furthermore, the study finds that consistent state accommodation is most conducive to the containment of violence. It indicates that widespread rather than targeted repression produced support for higher levels of anti-state violence.
Les disputes entre la Géorgie et ses deux régions, Abkhazia et Ajaria, au cours des années1990, ont méné à des resultants tres differents--pendant que l'Abkhazia est entré dans une guerre civile avec l'état Géorgien, l'Ajaria est resté calme. De même en 1967-70, pendant que les Igbo et les régions Hausa-Fulani se sont engagés dans une confrontation violente avec l'état Nigérian, le territoire Yoruba est resté relativement pacifique. Des telles variations constituent un thème principal dans l'étude de la politique querelleuse ethnique. Malgré des similarités dans les expériences historiques et structurelles, certains groupes ethniques évitent la violence pendant que d'autres l'emploient de façon extreme pour protéger leurs buts rattachés aux droits de groupe, la reconnaissance culturelle, l'autonomie politique et territoriale. Qu'est-ce qui explique ces variations? Pourquoi certains groupes éthniques cherchent-ils l'autonomie culturelle et politique malgré les risques des mouvements violents pendant que d'autres y répondent plus tranquillement? Ceux-ci sont les questions principales analysées dans cette mémoire à travers un etude de trois cas differents dans le nord-est de l'Inde ou on voit qu'un groupe, les Bodos, cherche a créer un térritoire éthnique en utilisant de la violence extreme et soutenue, pendant qu'un autre groupe, les Dimasas, emploient des niveaux de violence rélativement bas pour des durés plus courtes alors qu'un tiers groupe, les Misings, expriment des affirmations plus moderées et employant des actions de dissidence plus paisibles.
Bien que nombreuses explications existent pour la cause de ces variations, cette étude emploie une approche focalisée vers les processus en incorporant des perspectives théoriques de la politique querelleuse et en plus des hypothèses psychologiques rationalistes et sociales de la violence ethnique. Au niveau général, cette mémoire montre que la structure de mobilisation des ressources d'une organisation expliquent le niveau de soutien en faveur de la mobilisation ethnique et que les différentes réponses publiques expliquent le niveau de violence. La disponibilité des réseaux fortement « verticales », legitimité du leadership, engagement continu, l'efficacité de la communication et le niveau de centralization des organizations activists determine le degré de soutien populaire et resources materielles nécessaries pour méner à une mobilization collective et réussi, ce qui est nécessaire pour qu'un groupe s'engage dans une mobilization violente et mantient une rebellion. Empiriquement, je fait une analyse des processus de mobilization et rébellion violente chez les Bodos qui montrait clairement ces characteristiques alors que les Dimasas et Misings, qui ne profitait pas de ces avantages, étaient fortement limités dans leurs efforts de transformer leur mouvements dans des rébellions intensifiés et soutenues.
En outre, cet étude trouve que la repression generalisée, plutot que la repression selective, produit du soutien pour des niveaux plus hauts de violence contre l'etat. La repression selective transforme la rebellion violente dans un mouvement plus modéré et de-radicalisé. L'etude montre en plus que les compromises de la part de l'etat et le fournissement de certaines motivations sélectives aux chefs des mouvements sont les facons les plus efficaces de contenir la violence.
49
Varshney, Ashutosh. "The political universe of economic policy : rising peasantry, the state and food policy in India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/13982.
Full text
50
Pradhan, Rajesh Kumar. ""When the saints go marching in" : sadhus in democratic politics in late 20th century India." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53079.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2009.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 222-225).
This empirical study examines the political significance of religious leaders-known commonly as sadhus-in a huge and mature democracy like India. During the late '80s and the '90s, a flurry of sadhu activism coincided with the dramatic rise of a previously insignificant political party, the Bhartiya Janata Party (BJP). As a conservative Hindu nationalist party, the BJP allied with many sadhus, came to power at the center and in many states, breaking the monopoly that the relatively secular Congress party had held for more than four decades. The sadhus and the BJP came together over the controversy of whether a Hindu temple had been destroyed to build a 16th century mosque (the Ram Janmabhoomi dispute). It propelled a few sadhus-who I describe as spiritual agents, whose essential identity is based on individualism, freedom from making long-term commitments, and yet committed to transcendental causes-to band together under contingent conditions and the availability of a platform to voice their discontent. However, both the coalition between pro-BJP sadhus and the BJP, as well as the desire to build the temple, unraveled over the next decade. Not only did the newly emergent BJP broaden its political base by distancing itself from a single issue, but the unity among sadhus also splintered. This thesis is an empirical and agent-centered approach to examine nationalism and a particular strain of religious fundamentalism. It examines the commonalities and differences among sadhus themselves as factors that explain both the unity among sadhus in one period and the splintering of that unity at another time.
(cont.) Sadhus are individualistic, free-floating, religious individuals who became sadhus not to pursue any social cause, but to live a life free of responsibilities and in tune with their inner callings. Aside from the role of outside forces and differences among sadhus over key political issues, I argue that essentially it is the elements common to the identity of sadhus as sadhus that temper their fundamentalist tendencies. Looking forward, the crouching Hindu serpent, like the famed kundalini in yoga, best characterizes this strain of sadhu-led Hindu fundamentalism, ever poised to rise and recoil.
by Rajesh Pradhan.
Ph.D.