Dissertations / Theses: 'Science journalist'

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Rademakers, Lisa. "Examining the Handbooks on Environmental Journalism: A Qualitative Document Analysis and Response to the Literature." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000542.

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Low, Marcus. "Wild west science reporting : pitfalls and ethical issues in the reporting of frontier sciences." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49806.

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Thesis (MPhil) -- Stellenbosch University, 2003. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: When reporting on new research or claims by scientists, the science journalist faces a number of pitfalls. For a number of reasons the journalist might produce a story which is inaccurate or misleading. Thus, when a scientist claims to have found a cure for cancer, the journalist needs to check himself before delivering the story. In this paper I will examme a number of issues concerning the reporting of frontier science, or new research. In this realm it is particularly difficult to distinguish more reliable science from less reliable science. The problem is compounded by the vested interests of scientists, pharmaceutical companies and other interest groups. What the science journalist writes, influences public opinion, conceptions about science, and often affects people's decision-making regarding medical issues. There is thus a clear ethical aspect to science reporting. I will try to show that an understanding of how science works is crucial to reporting science responsibly. In this regard the distinction between frontier and textbook science is of particular importance. Theoretical distinctions such as these provide useful tools for the interpretation of claims from the frontier. The first chapter, then, will deal with theoretical concepts pertaining to how SCIence works. In the second we will examine a number of examples of how reporting from the frontiers can go wrong. We will argue that a better understanding of science might have prevented many of the inaccuracies and misleading claims examined. In chapter three we will attempt to list what can go wrong, and examine some of the possible consequences, thus outlining the ethical aspect of science reporting. Finally we will make a few suggestions and outline some guidelines which might contribute to more accurate and responsible reporting from the frontiers. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Wanneer daar oor nuwe navorsing of aansprake deur wetenskaplikes berig moet word, word die wetenskapsverslaggewer gekonfronteer deur 'n aantal moontlike slaggate. Om verskeie redes kan daar onakkuraat of misleidend verslag gedoen word. Wanneer 'n wetenskaplike dus berig dat daar 'n kuur vir kanker gevind is, moet die joernalis homself eers aan sekere beginsels herinner. In hierdie skrywe sal ek 'n aantal kwessies te doen met die beriggewing van pionierswetenskap, of nuwe wetenskap, ondersoek. Op hierdie terrein is dit veral moeilik om tussen betroubare en minder betroubare wetenskap te onderskei. Die probleem word vererger deur die belange van wetenskaplikes, farmaseutiese maatskappye en ander belangegroepe. Dit wat deur die wetenskapsjoernalis berig word, beïnvloed publieke opinie en beskouings oor die wetenskap, en raak dikwels mense se besluitneming rakende mediese kwessies. Daar is dus 'n duidelike etiese aspek aan wetenskapsverslaggewing verbonde. Ek gaan poog om te wys dat 'n begrippnj van hoe wetenskap werk, onmisbaar is vir verantwoordelike wetenskapsverslaggewing. In hierdie verband is die onderskeid tussen pioniers- en handboekwetenskap van besondere belang. Teoretiese onderskeide soos dié verskaf bruikbare gereedskap VIr die interpretasie van aansprake uit die pionierswetenskap. In die eerste hoofstuk sal 'n aantal teoretiese konsepte oor die werking van wetenskap verduidelik word. In die tweede hoofstuk sal 'n aantal voorbeelde van waar verslaggewing van [N4]pionierswetenskap verkeerd geloop het, bespreek word. Ek gaan argumenteer dat In beter begrippisj van wetenskap moontlik baie van dié onakkuraathede en misleidende aansprake sou kon voorkom het. Hoofstuk drie sal dan poog om te lys wat verkeerd kan gaan, en sal sommige van die moontlike gevolge ondersoek. Hierdeur sal die etiese aspek van wetenskapsverslaggewing dus uitgestippel word. Aan die einde sal ek 'n paar voorstelle maak, en probeer om riglyne uit te stip wat kan bydra tot meer akkurate en verantwoordelike verslaggewing van pionierswetenskap.

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Ohlgren, Sanna, and Sofie Bergstrand. "Kritisk granskning av forskning? : En undersökning av vetenskapsjournalisters relation till forskarvärlden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28982.

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I den här uppsatsen undersöker vi relationen mellan vetenskapsjournalistiken och forskarvärlden med fokus på journalisternas kritiska granskning. Genom en kvalitativ studie intervjuar vi nio vetenskapsjournalister och tar reda på hur de ser på rollen som kritisk granskare av forskarvärlden. Vi utforskar hur de väljer ut forskning att skildra, vilka källor de förlitar sig på samt vad som saknas i dagens vetenskapsjournalistik. Resultaten visar att vetenskapsjournalister kopplar kritisk granskning till faktorer som att bedöma innehåll i enskilda studier, aktivt välja ut och välja bort forskning och kontrollera hur forskningsmedel används. Därtill kan det innebära att kontrollera vem som ligger bakom en studie och att sätta in forskningen i ett sammanhang. Många vetenskapsjournalister följer idag de stora vetenskapstidskrifternas pressreleaser, vilket gör att de effektivt kan ta del av det senaste inom forskningen. Samtidigt gör det att många medier rapporterar samma nyheter och att forskarvärlden ibland upplevs sätta agendan. I mer djupgående vetenskapsjournalistik är det oftare journalisterna själva som söker efter forskning att rapportera om. Rutinen för att granska källors trovärdighet fungerar i stort på samma sätt för alla: Man går till originalartikeln, bedömer innehållet och kontaktar oberoende forskare för kommentarer. De flesta uppger att de kontrollerar studiens omfattning och var den är publicerad. Vidare kontrollerar en del vem som ligger bakom studien och hur den har betalats. Journalisternas syn på vad som saknas inom vetenskapsjournalistiken varierar ämnesmässigt utifrån deras intressen. Flera anser att vetenskapsjournalistiken borde bli bättre på att sätta in forskningen i ett historiskt eller ett samhälleligt sammanhang.

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Dupuy, Camille. "Dynamiques professionnelles et salariales des journalistes." Phd thesis, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00948294.

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Cette thèse analyse les journalistes professionnels français en les envisageant à partir de leur statut de salarié dans des entreprises soumises à des impératifs de gestion et de rentabilité, suivant en cela les intuitions de Max Weber sur la presse. Cette posture conduit à poser une question centrale autour de la tension entre la subordination juridique du salarié et l'autonomie professionnelle que nécessite leur travail. L'autonomie professionnelle et la condition salariale des journalistes sont conçues à partir de l'analyse conjointe des dynamiques salariales (défense du salariat) et des dynamiques professionnelles (défense de l'autonomie professionnelle). Sans nier le caractère spécifique du bien produit (l'information), réalisé par un collectif englobant d'autres catégories de travailleurs, cette perspective entend compléter une sociologie du journalisme qui les a largement envisagés à partir de leurs caractéristiques professionnelles par une sociologie des relations professionnelles et des entreprises. Sur la base d'une analyse socio-historique qui repose sur des méthodes complémentaires (entretiens, observations, archives), on analyse tout d'abord la structuration du groupe professionnel des journalistes comme catégorie salariée dans une entreprise spécifique, l'entreprise de presse. On montre comment ce groupe se constitue historiquement comme un ensemble de salariés professionnels. Les différentes organisations collectives du groupe sont ensuite appréhendées comme des instances de représentations du journalisme prises dans un système de relations professionnelles plus larges (au niveau de la branche et de l'entreprise). L'analyse de mobilisations au moment de restructurations montre enfin comment les journalistes tentent de ménager concrètement des marges de manœuvre face au pouvoir de l'employeur. Ce positionnement général conduit à s'écarter du point de vue critique " classique " reposant sur le rapport du journalisme à l'argent, pour saisir les dynamiques salariales au sein desquelles se joue l'affirmation du journalisme comme catégorie professionnelle.

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Bayar, Ekren Duygu. "The Practice Of Journalism In Turkey As To The Views Of Turkish Parliament Journalists." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12608082/index.pdf.

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Journalists&rsquo commitment to an objective, impartial, balanced way of reporting and their respect for ethical norms are considered a vital prerequisite for democracy to be carried out. The general purpose of this thesis is to reveal whether established journalistic practices in Turkey are shaped through commonly acknowledged professional principles in a way that is compatible with democratic expectancies. In order to achieve this goal, a group of journalists were interviewed in the summer of 2003 who worked as parliament journalists at some time in their careers. They were asked several questions mainly concerning the factors that might have influence on the processes of news making with a special emphasis on the negative consequences of the complex structure of media-politics relationships. The analysis of the interviews reveals Turkish journalists&rsquo views that journalism in Turkey is faced with serious problems and even may be characterized by a high degree of &ldquo degeneration&rdquo .

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Gaitten, Christopher M. "It Was All in the Interest of Journalistic Science: The Story of Hunter S. Thompson and Gonzo Journalism, 1962-76." Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1205339119.

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Fierens, Marie. "Le journalisme en République démocratique du Congo et en Côte d'Ivoire: émergence et évolution d'une profession, de la colonisation à nos jours." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/209197.

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Le travail retrace l’évolution du métier de journaliste de presse écrite en République démocratique du Congo (RDC) et en Côte d’Ivoire, de la fin de la période coloniale à nos jours. Plus précisément, il s’attache à en comprendre l’émergence et la structuration progressive, à Léopoldville (devenue Kinshasa) et à Abidjan. L’objectif consiste à dégager les éléments qui ont modelé le métier dans les deux pays, pour mieux comprendre la forme qu’il emprunte aujourd’hui.La recherche se fonde principalement sur l’exploitation d’une centaine d’entretiens menés pour la plupart à Kinshasa et à Abidjan, sur l’exploitation de corpus de presse et sur l’exploitation de ressources documentaires et bibliographiques. Elle adopte une perspective comparative visant à mettre en évidence les similitudes et les spécificités qui ont marqué l’évolution du journalisme de presse écrite en RDC et en Côte d’Ivoire.Le travail se divise en quatre parties, dont les trois premières s’arrêtent sur des moments importants de la structuration de la profession. La première présente la façon dont les Congolais et les Ivoiriens se sont investis progressivement dans le journalisme de presse écrite, particulièrement à la fin de la période coloniale, dans un contexte de pluralisme limité. La deuxième étudie la pratique du journalisme et sa structuration, au Congo et en Côte d’Ivoire, durant le long règne des partis uniques. La troisième partie analyse la nouvelle forme que revêt la profession depuis la libéralisation politique et médiatique du début des années 1990. Pour chaque période, l’analyse comporte trois axes destinés à mettre en évidence les éléments utiles à la comparaison. Le premier permet de mettre au jour le système relationnel qui existe autour des journalistes congolais et ivoiriens de presse écrite, afin d’identifier les facteurs sociétaux qui influencent leur pratique. Le deuxième axe dévoile les dynamiques internes du groupe professionnel, dans les deux pays. Enfin, le troisième axe se construit autour des parcours individuels d’un certain nombre de journalistes, ce qui permet de cerner leurs motivations et leur perception du métier.L’approche comparative constitue la quatrième partie de la recherche. Elle s’appuie sur le concept de « configuration » de Norbert Elias pour corréler les trois axes et les trois périodes décrits ci-dessus, pour penser l’émergence et l’évolution de la profession en termes de relations, d’interdépendances et de négociation.L’imprécision des contours du groupe, des profils professionnels et des pratiques apparaît constitutive du journalisme de presse écrite, au Congo et en Côte d’Ivoire. La forme que revêt aujourd’hui la profession résulte d’une suite d’interdépendances, régulièrement renégociées, qui lie les journalistes aux autres acteurs au cours du temps./The thesis traces the development of the profession of newspaper journalist in the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) and Côte d’Ivoire, from the end of the colonial era until today. More precisely, it seeks to understand its emergence and structural development in Léopoldville (Kinshasa) and Abidjan. The objective is to identify the elements that fashioned the profession in both countries so as to better understand its current form.The research rests chiefly on the use of about 100 interviews conducted for the most part in Kinshasa and Abidjan as well on the use of press corpuses and of documentary and bibliographic resources. The research takes a comparative approach that aims to highlight the similarities and specificities that have marked the evolution of newspaper journalism in the DRC and Côte d’Ivoire.The thesis is divided into four parts, the first three of which concentrate on key moments in the profession’s structural growth. Part One outlines the way in which the Congolese and Ivorians gradually became involved in print journalism, in particular at the end of the colonial era, in a context where pluralism was limited. Part Two studies the practice of journalism and its structural elaboration, in the Congo and Côte d’Ivoire, under the long reign of the one-party systems. Part Three examines the new form assumed by the profession since the political and media liberalization of the early 1990s. For each period, the analysis relies on three axes destined to emphasize the elements that are useful for the comparison. The first axis makes it possible to reveal the network of relations existing around Congolese and Ivorian newspaper journalists in order to identify the societal factors influencing their practice. The second axis sheds light on the professional body’s internal dynamics in the two countries. Lastly, the third axis centres on the individual careers of a number of journalists, making it possible to grasp their professional motivations and their perception of the sector. The comparative approach composes the fourth part of the thesis. It relies on Norbert Elias’s notion of ‘configuration’ to correlate the three axes and periods described above in order to examine the profession’s emergence and evolution in terms of relations, interdependencies and negotiations.The vagueness of the group’s contours, of the professional profiles and of the practices appears constitutive of newspaper journalism in the Congo and Côte d’Ivoire. The profession’s current form is the result of a succession of interdependencies, regularly renegotiated, that has linked the journalists to other actors over the course of time. Doctorat en Information et communication info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Lotter, Rene Louise. ""Elixir of youth" or "Cancer potion"? The battle for the purse of the middle-aged woman and the role of the media in reporting themes in medical science." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97628.

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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2004. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The popular media ("Media" here referring to newspapers, magazines. television, internet) adds to confusion and panic when reporting on the risks and benefits of Hormone Replacement Therapy for women (HRT). Most reports show bias, cast scientists as villains, or leave the reader more confused than before about terminology. The Southern African media does in general aspire to objectivity towards both the pharmaceutical and natural health industry. However, shallow or inept reporting, the need to generalise complicated findings and dramatise what's regarded as cold scientific news, create this bias and confusion. Misleading health reporting, in South Africa as much as anywhere else in the world, can change health behaviour and can even cost lives. Ethical health reporting can therefore be described as a matter of life and death. This paper aims to analyse the media for biased, confusing and alarmist reporting. It then aims to explain reasons for the bias or confusion. Fourteen reports are analysed. One Time magazine report, and 13 reports selected from the Southern African media. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Berigte oor Hormoonvervangingsterapie (HVT) vir vroue in die media ("Media") hier verwys na koerante, tydskrifte, televisie, internet) dra by tot verwarring en paniek. Die meerderheid berigte is bevooroordeeld, in die sin dat medici as booswigte uitgebeeld word. Indien hulle nie bevooroordeeld is nie, is berigte verwarrend, soms juis in 'n poging om konsepte te vereenvoudig. Die media in Suider Afrika aspireer wel tot objektiwiteit, teenoor beide die farmaseutiese sowel as die holistiese (kruie) industrie. Nietemin, oppervlakkige/oningeligte verslaggewing en die behoefte om ingewikkelde navorsing te vereenvoudig/interessant te maak, dra by tot vooroordeel en verwarring. Misleidende mediese beriggewing in Suid Afrika, net soos in die res van die wêreld, kan mense hoop om besluite te neem wat hul gesondheid kan skaad. Die belang van etiese verslaggewing kan dus as 'n kwessie van lewe en dood beskryf word. Hierdie studie ontleed berigte en ondersoek vooroordeel, verwarring of sensasionalisering. Redes vir bogenoemde word dan bespreek. Veertien berigte word ontleed. (een berig uit die Amerikaanse tydskrif Time, en 13 uit die Suider Afrikaanse media)

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Jansson, Hampus. "Journalistikens professionalisering och mediernas demokratiska roll? : En studie av journalistyrket som profession." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för statsvetenskap (ST), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-65321.

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The modern environment regarding the media and its scenery has changed. Throughout time, in terms of political standpoint, the press seems to have become homogenous regarding both ownership and divergence; and while the link between politics and the press are seemingly decreasing, larger companies and corporate groups focusing primarily on economy and profit has conceivably taken over. Centrally located, enclosed by this phenomenon remain the journalists. An occupational group which in the name of democracy seems to have taken the initiative to survey and inspect society as a whole. This study aim to conceptualize how parts of this group are reflecting on their occupation, how they reflect on the media regarding its democratic value and foremost how journalists reflect on professionalized journalism in which they sustain to be working by. By examining articles of The Swedish Union of Journalist’s Journal Journalisten, which is examined using a content analysis, specifically Framing Theory and The Swedish Union of Journalist’s outset of 1972, findings suggest that the environment by which journalists are working in and their commitment to professionalized journalism appear to clash, which in terms of media as a whole make its democratic role rather uncertain.

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Valentine, Alexander J. (Alexander Joseph). "The media as watchdog in the commercialisation of science : a case study of 6 publications." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/17410.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The role of the media as a watchdog for the social institution of science is viewed as part of the media’s role to protect society. In this regard, the role of media was studied in reporting the phenomenon of the commercialisation of academic research at universities. The current study was conducted by analysing articles in 2 scientific journals (Science and Nature) and 4 printed newspapers (The New York Times, London Times, Mail & Gaurdian, Business Day) for the year 2003. The methods of investigation for each publication included the number of articles covering the topic, the percentage coverage, headline analysis, summary of contents and analysis of the themes. The New York Times had more articles on the topic of the “commercialisation of science at universities” than the other publications. However, based on the number of issues per year, Science and Nature had a greater coverage of the topic than The New York Times. Based on the analyses of the articles, it is concluded that The New York Times had the most balanced and informed coverage of all the issues and stakeholders involved in the commercialisation of science at universities. This is attributed to the The New York Times’s position of standing outside the realm of science and its experience in covering broad issues. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die rol van die media as ‘n waghond vir die sosiale instelling van die wetenskap, word gesien as deel van die media se rol as die beskermer van die samelewing. In hierdie opsig is die media se rol in die verslaglewering van die kommersialisering van die wetenskap by universiteite ondersoek. Hierdie studie is uitgevoer deur artikels in 2 wetenskaplike vaktydskrifte (Science en Nature) en 4 koerante (The New York Times, London Times, Mail & Guardian, Business Day) vir die jaar 2003, te analiseer. Die metodes wat gebruik is om elke artikel te ontleed, het die aantal artikels, die persentasie van artikels in elke publikasie, hoofopskrif analise, opsomming van inhoud en ‘n analise van die artikel se tema, ingesluit. The New York Times het meer artikels omtrent die onderwerp, die “kommersialisering van die wetenskap by universiteite”, as die ander publikasies gehad. Gebaseer op die aantal uitgawes per jaar, het Science en Nature meer aandag geskenk aan die onderwerp as The New York Times. Volgens die analises van die artikels, word afgeleui dat The New York Times die mees gebalanseerde en ingeligte dekking gehad het oor die betrokke sake en partye in die “kommersialisering van die wetenskap by universiteite”. Dit word toegeskryf aan die The New York Times se posisie as buitestaander in die wetenskap en die koerant se ondervinding om ‘n wye veld te dek.

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Granado, Antonio Maria Salvado Coxito. "The use of internert in newsgathering among European science journalists." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.487729.

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With the arrival of the Internet in newsrooms, it is essential to understand how this new technology is shaping the newsgathering routines of science journalists and changing the attitudes of these professionals.

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Addis, Deborah. "The Evolution of Science News Writing." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291203.

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Hillman, Barbara E. "Dialogue journals in the science classroom, a case study." Thesis, University of New Brunswick, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1882/746.

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Moffitt, Gordon L. "Dialogue journals in the science classroom, a case study." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape3/PQDD_0025/MQ62138.pdf.

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Rochon, Julie. "Journalistes et communicateurs scientifiques devant la science : étude de perceptions." Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25794/25794.pdf.

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McIlwaine, Stephen John. "Science, journalism and society : overcoming the "red shift" in the 21st century /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2004. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18569.pdf.

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Price, Meredith Michelle. "DNA and the news media : science journalism and the history of DNA research." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.614088.

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Liu, Peilun. "A Global Ranking of Political Science and Public Administration Journals." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1150.

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This paper conducts rankings on political science and public administration journals based on a database of citations for all articles within a set of 200 journals, during 2010-2013. This paper contributes to prior literature within the realm of Political Science, by tabulating journal rankings through non-traditional means. While rankings of political science and public administration journals have traditionally been dominated by a survey-based approach, recent advancements in technology have allowed researchers to conduct more subjective rankings based upon a bibliometric approach. However, the majority of these citational rankings utilize obscure metrics, which do not correspond directly to the number of citations a potential author can expect. This paper attempts to provide readers with more concrete metrics, which translate directly to how many citations an author can expect. This study tabulates journals based on three main metrics: Median Number of Citations, Citation Percentage, and 90th Percentile of Citations. This study identifies Transportation Research Part B, American Political Science Review, International Organization, American Journal of Political Science and Transportation Research Part A, as the top five journals within the set of 200 political science and public administration journals.

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Appelgren, Gougoulakis Alexis, and Vendela Söderberg. "Blodet renner i gatene? : En komparativ studie om medierepresentationen i lokal press och oljekrisens konsekvenser för städerna Stavanger och Aberdeen." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-35508.

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Detta är en jämförande studie om medierepresentationen av oljekrisen i Stavanger i Norge och Aberdeen i Skottland. I uppsatsens första del undersöker och jämför vi tre nyhetsartiklar från norska lokala tidningar i Stavanger med tre skotska lokala tidningar i Aberdeen genom en kvalitativ textanalys. I uppsatsens andra del lägger vi tyngd på journalisternas uppfattning om krissituationen och använder oss av semistrukturerade intervjuer. Genom kvalitativa intervjuer med norska och skotska journalister jämför vi hur de resonerar kring val av vinklar, nyheter, källor och hur de upplever sitt yrke och sin arbetsroll i relation till rapporteringen av oljekrisen. I arbetet lyfter vi fram skillnader i framställningen av situationen i Stavanger respektive Aberdeen. Vi använder oss av en etnografisk intervju i vårt tillvägagångssätt när vi träffar journalisterna, för att kunna använda detta som en ingång till historisk bakgrund för effekterna av oljekrisen och påverkan på städerna. En utgångspunkt för uppsatsen är att undvika att bedöma huruvida det rör sig om en kris eller inte och istället fokusera på gestaltningen i de valda medierna och journalisternas upplevelser av sitt arbete. Resultatet av vår studie visar att det finns nationella samband med hur journalisterna uppfattar oljekrisen. De norska journalisterna mörkar i högre utsträckning att det pågått en omfattande oljekris i Stavanger, medan de skotska journalisterna talar mer öppet om en kris. Vi kan genom denna studie konstatera att det återfinns skillnader i hur den lokala rapporteringen för oljekris sker, samt hur gestaltningen av oljekrisens konsekvenser ser ut i artiklarna som vi har valt att analysera.

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Dallanhol, Heloisa. "Facilitating the Understanding of Science News Stories Through the use of Analogy." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292186.

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Goodyear-Grant, Elizabeth. "Politicians, journalists, and their audiences: gendered aspects of televised election news in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=18410.

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This dissertation is an analysis of the gendered aspects of televised election news in Canada. My theoretical framework is the 'gendered mediation thesis', and its central claim is that news is a predominantly masculine narrative that privileges men and masculinity in politics. The theory relies primarily on two causal factors to account for this pattern. First, news is a reflection of our gendered society. Thus, the frames used to report politics are replete with masculine symbols and metaphors and give primacy to masculine traits. Second, the structure and operation of the news system itself – particularly the political economic constraints imposed by competition for audience share and advertising revenues – encourage news formats that enforce, rather than challenge, established gender norms in the society.My empirical analyses focus on four components of the news media system: 1) news content, 2) news production, 3) media effects, and 4) elites' approaches to media. The first two themes analyze production and content, and the latter two themes focus on the consequences of gendered news. I use a combination of quantitative and qualitative data to demonstrate that aspects of televised news coverage present men and women candidates differently, and I find evidence that women are seriously underrepresented in Canadian newsrooms, particularly in positions of power. I also present evidence that gendered news has harmful effects on both audience perceptions of women candidates, as well as women politicians' own perceptions of their treatment by newsworkers as well as in news coverage. My analyses suggest that gendered news coverage can present distorted information about women politicians, harm women politicans' electoral prospects, and also possibly discourage women from entering politics as a profession, thereby contributing to a serious problem in the supply of women candidates. Cette dissertation analyse la représentation biaisée des femmes dans les nouvelles télévisées des élections au Canada. J'emploie le cadre théorique de la « gendered mediation thesis », selon lequel les nouvelles constituent un narratif essentiellement masculin qui privilégie les hommes et la masculinité dans la politique. Cette théorie s'appuie sur deux facteurs causaux pour expliquer ce phénomène. Premièrement, les nouvelles reflètent les préjugés contre les femmes dans notre société. Ainsi, les cadres employés pour reporter les événements politiques regorgent de symboles et de métaphores masculins et accordent la primauté aux traits masculins. Deuxièmement, la structure et l'opération du système de nouvelles lui-même —particulièrement les contraintes politico-économiques imposées par la compétition pour capturer leur part du public et les revenus générés par la publicité— encouragent des formats de nouvelles qui renforcent plutôt que de défier les normes sociales établies biaisées contre les femmes.Mon analyse empirique porte sur quatre composantes du système médiatique de nouvelles : 1) le contenu des nouvelles, 2) la production de nouvelles, 3) les effets médiatiques, et 4) l'approche des élites aux médias. Les premiers deux thèmes analysent la production et le contenu, tandis que les deux autres se concentrent sur les conséquences de la représentation biaisée des femmes dans les nouvelles. J'emploie une combinaison de données quantitatives et qualitatives pour démontrer que les nouvelles télévisées présentent les femmes et les hommes différemment, et ma recherche démontre que les femmes sont sérieusement sous-représentées dans les salles de nouvelles canadiennes, particulièrement dans les positions de pouvoir. Je présente aussi des preuves empiriques que les nouvelles biaisées contre les femmes ont des effets néfastes sur la perception des femmes candidates par le public, ainsi que sur la

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Hammond, Michelle Lynn. "The implementation of mathematics journals in the science classroom to raise student achievement in science classes." Montana State University, 2012. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2012/hammond/HammondM0812.pdf.

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Concern about student achievement on lab reports and assessments and the lack of confidence in their abilities to collect and analyze data has led to my primary focus question for my action research project: Why do students have difficulty using skills taught in math class in science class? Also, I would like to investigate the following subquestions to improve my teaching methods: Will student grades improve through communication using math journals to reflect on problem solving? Would communication with me and their peers about where they are having difficulty solving problems improve using math journals? Would students feel more confident using their math skills in the science classroom to complete lab reports after using the math journals?

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Brocious, Daniel Kevin. "The Growth of Science Sections in U.S. Newspapers: Several Exceptions to the Trend." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292159.

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Van, Velden David Pieter. "Responsibility of media coverage and media attitudes towards science and technology." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/3379.

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Thesis (MPhil (Journalism)--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. The media have a great responsibility to communicate more science to improve public understanding of science to help them make sense of their world. The aim should be to popularize scientific ideas and to create a better understanding of how science is daily altering lifestyles and culture. Scientific literacy is an important element of an all-round educated person, and the media need to fill whatever blanks have been left by his or her formal education. The function of the scientific journalist is to transform scientific ideas and results into a form that other groups can understand. This transformation is as much an intra-scientific as well as an extra-scientific matter, and the forms that such communication take and the consequences for intellectual development vary according to the sort of field involved, the audience addressed and the relationship between them. This transformation process must not affect the truth status of scientific knowledge, but it obviously changes the form in which this knowledge is expressed. Scientists need to unveil the secrets of nature, and need to explain to the public that science is always incomplete and incremental, that knowledge is imperfect. Communicating with the media is becoming an obligation, and popularizing of science is becoming an integral part of the professional responsibility of practicing scientists. This overview indicates that there is a need for scientists to increase their communication skills and activities across a broad field and for journalists to increase their understanding and training in science.

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Draper, Electa M. ""Cold Fusion" A Comparison of Coverage in The New York Times, Science and Nature." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/292190.

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Dutta, Bidyarthi, Krishnapada Majumder, and B. K. Sen. "Classification of Keywords Extracted from Research Articles Published in Science Journals." National Institute of Science Communication and Information Resources, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/105938.

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This paper is based on an analytical study of 335 keywords extracted from titles and abstracts of 70 research articles, taking ten from each year starting from 2000 to 2006, in decreasing order of relevance, on the subject Fermi Liquid, which is a specific subject under the broad area of Condensed Matter Physics. The research articles have been collected from the bibliographic database of INSPEC. The keywords are indexed to critically examine its physical structure that is composed of three fundamental kernels, viz. keyphrase, modulator and qualifier. The keyphrase reflects the central concept, which is usually post-coordinated by the modulator to amend the central concept in accordance with the relevant context. The qualifier comes after the modulator to describe the particular state of the central concept and/or amended concept. The keywords are further classified in 16 classes on the basis of the four parameters, viz. Associativeness, chronological appearance, frequency of occurrence and category. The taxonomy of keywords will enable to analyze research-trend of a subject and to identify potential research-areas of a subject.

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Ekblad, Nils. "Newsworthiness in Science : A Content Analysis of Science News in Swedish Prime Time Television 2009-2011." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för mediestudier, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-91053.

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Background: Science journalism is essential for keeping citizens of democracies informed and educated, this is part of the public service concept. However, some authors assume much arbitrariness of selectivity mark science news as a peculiar journalistic genre. This study investigates how science news are valued alongside general news in swedish public service programme Rapport. Method: The science features from two years of prime time broadcasts of Rapport was analyzed quantitatively by means of content analysis. Results: Studies with some connection to Sweden, a ”human angle”, emphasizing health risk, seems most likely to be covered. Conclusions: Put into context, the results was interpreted as invalid in some respects that support the conjecture of the peculiar nature of science news. The findings therefore suggest that news value theory needs special revision to account for newsworthiness in science.

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De, Stefano Michael. "God journalistik : En diskursanalys av prisbelönad journalistik." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-33321.

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Denna studie är en kvalitativ diskursanalys av prisbelönad journalistik - i denna studie vinnare av Lukas Bonniers Stora Journalistpris, kategori: årets berättare - avsedd att jämföra den mot ett teoretiskt ramverk av god journalistik. Studien bygger på ett teoretiskt ramverk av god journalistik som formats med hjälp av olika teorier för den liberala pressideologin samt kvalitativa analyser av prisbelönta verk med avsikt att studera deras verklighetsbeskrivning, metod och budskap.De frågor som besvaras är vilka metoder som använts i skapandet av prisbelönta, journalistiska verk och hur dessa stämmer överens med den teoretiska normen för god journalistik. Resultatet visar att prisbelönad journalistik framgår mer subjektivt och känsloladdat än den objektiva och neutrala rapportering som det teoretiska ramverket efterfrågar.

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Maier, Gunther. "What do WE think are the most important journals in regional science?" Institut für Regional- und Umweltwirtschaft, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2005. http://epub.wu.ac.at/206/1/document.pdf.

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This paper reports the results of a survey among regional scientists about what are the most important journals in the discipline. The survey has been conducted online and generated 740 responses. The paper shows strong consensus among the regional science community about the top journals in the discipline. Particularly the top position is almost always occupied by the same journal, irrespective of the method we apply, or the way we subdivide our sample. Marked differences can only be found between countries, particularly between European countries on the one side and the US and Japan on the other. When we correlate our results with the impact factors of the journals, we cannot find a strong positive correlation. Correlation coefficients are small and most of the time negative. Series: SRE - Discussion Papers

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Radford, Benjamin. "Misinformation in eating disorder communications| Implications for science communication policy." Thesis, State University of New York at Buffalo, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1546959.

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Though eating disorders are a serious public health threat, misinformation about these potentially deadly diseases is widespread. This study examines eating disorder information from a wide variety of sources including medical journals, news reports, and popular social activist authors. Examples of misinformation were identified, and three aspects of eating disorders (prevalence, mortality, and etiology) were chosen as key indicators of scientific illiteracy about those illnesses. A case study approach was then adopted to trace examples of misinformation to their original sources whenever possible. A dozen examples include best-selling books, national eating disorder information clearinghouses; the news media; documentary feature films; and a PBS television Nova documentary program. The results provide an overview of the ways in which valid information becomes flawed, including poor journalism, lack of fact-checking, plagiarism, and typographical errors. Less obvious—and perhaps even more important—much of the misinformation results from scientific research being co-opted to promote specific sociopolitical agendas. These results highlight a significant gap in science communication between researchers, the medical community, and the public regarding these diseases, and recommendations to address the problem are offered.

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Barata, Germana Fernandes. "Nature e Science: mudança na comunicação da ciência e a contribuição da ciência brasileira (1936-2009)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8138/tde-25112010-102319/.

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A escolha dos meios em que se vai comunicar a ciência é uma importante estratégia para progredir na carreira científica ou, simplesmente, garantir o cumprimento da demanda cotidiana. Publicar em periódicos considerados de melhor qualidade e visibilidade tem sido uma exigência cada vez mais comum entre cientistas, sobretudo da área de ciências biomédicas e exatas. A comunicação da ciência nestes quase 350 anos, desde a criação dos primeiros periódicos, ganhou dimensão, prestígio e influência. Nesse cenário, Nature e Science, periódicos centenários e multidisciplinares, estão entre as publicações de maior prestígio na academia mundial. Esta tese de doutorado busca entender a mudança de papel dos periódicos científicos, desde a primeira metade do século XX, e o histórico das contribuições brasileiras para a ciência mundial. Um levantamento sobre tais contribuições foi realizado, por meio de busca no banco de dados internacional Web of Science, totalizando 370 contribuições na Nature (1937- 2009) e 254 contribuições na Science (1936-2009). Também foram realizadas entrevistas com 16 cientistas que publicaram nesses periódicos para entender suas escolhas e os impactos pessoais e profissionais de suas contribuições. À estratégia para difundir e compartilhar informações para a construção da ciência somou-se o marketing científico a priorizar veículos, autores, instituições, áreas do conhecimento, temas, visões, paradigmas. Nature e Science são representantes ativos e paradigmáticos desse novo ciclo da comunicação e da própria percepção sobre a construção da ciência. Suas páginas sugerem um desenvolvimento da ciência feito em saltos qualitativos e revolucionários, o que contribui para uma visão parcialmente deturpada sobre a construção da ciência e, inclusive, para uma percepção distorcida dos próprios cientistas sobre suas colaborações para a ciência mundial, que passam da prioridade do envolvimento intelectual, para a visibilidade e os resultados cientométricos. The choice of the means to communicate science becomes an important strategy to progress in the scientific career or, simply, to guarantee the fulfillments of daily demands. Publishing in journals considered of better quality and visibility has been a frequent requirement among scientists, mainly from the biomedical and hard sciences. The communication of science in the last 350 years, since the creation of the first journals, has acquired dimension, prestige and influence. In this scenario, Nature and Science, centenarian and multidisciplinary journals, are among the publications of greater prestige in the world-wide academy. This thesis aims at understanding the change of role of scientific journals, since the first half of 20th Century, and describing the Brazilian contributions for international science. A survey on such contributions was carried through, by searching in the international data base Web of Science, which totalized 370 contributions in Nature (1937-2009) and 254 in Science (1936-2009). Interviews had also been carried through with 16 scientists who had published in these journals to understand their choices and the personal and professional impacts of their contributions. The strategy to spread out and share information in order to build science up has been added to the science marketing which prioritizes journals and means of communication, authors, institutions, fields of knowledge, topics, opinions and paradigms according to the interest. Nature and Science represent active and paradigmatic assets of this new cycle of communication and of the perception of the construction of science. They suggest a development of science made in qualitative and revolutionary jumps, which contributes to a partially distorted perception about the construction of science and, also, about the scientists own contributions to science, that once has prioritized the intellectual involvement and now focuses on the visibility and the scietometric results.

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Harte, David. "An investigation into hyperlocal journalism in the UK and how it creates value for citizens." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2017. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/100797/.

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Since the early 2000s, a largely Internet-based network of independent news operations has emerged focused on small geographic areas in the UK, often run by non-professional journalists. ‘Hyperlocal’ journalism seems to have captured the imagination of academics and policy-makers, with some arguing that it has the potential to fill the democratic deficit caused by the decline of mainstream local newspapers. Attention has largely focused on the journalistic values of these websites rather than their wider cultural value, with relatively little recourse to primary research in the UK context. This thesis addresses both of those aspects by drawing on a range of data: a large-scale overview of the sector, three case study accounts of hyperlocal news operations, and an analysis of interviews with practitioners. The research finds that hyperlocal news operations are spread across the UK and collectively produce an impressive number of news stories. In that sense, they play a useful role in local news ecologies and their independence marks them out as an alternative to an increasingly consolidated mainstream local news sector. Hyperlocal news operations are gaining legitimacy through engagement with audiences on social media and through recognition by other news media. The thesis also finds that the hyperlocal journalist is often motivated by a desire to redress mainstream media’s representation of their locality or by a single campaign issue. Hyperlocal journalists traverse both the digital ‘beat’ and the real-world ‘beat’, using reciprocal journalism practices in order to build a community around their service. However, many services are precariously placed as the journalists exploit their own labour and avoid engaging fully with issues of economic sustainability. Taking a case study approach, the thesis explores the working practices and environments of three hyperlocal news operations in detail, including looking at audience engagement. It finds further evidence of these issues of precarity, making the potential of sustaining hyperlocal operations difficult. However, the case study accounts also highlight the value of focusing on everyday aspects of community life and how that can help build audiences and enable citizens to become participants in content creation and distribution. Finally, the thesis argues that hyperlocal can play a more vital role in the UK’s local news landscape should the right conditions be created by policy-makers to create a more level regulatory playing-field.

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Karanatsiou, Alexia, and Maja Lindenbaum. "Opinionsbildande journalisters upplevelser av hot och trakasserier : En kvalitativ intervjustudie med sex verksamma journalister." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-32752.

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Hot och trakasserier mot journalister har under våren 2017 blivit mycket uppmärksammat. Denna undersökning syftar till att undersöka opinionsbildande journalisters upplevelser och erfarenheter av hot och trakasserier i deras yrkesverksamhet. Opinionsbildande journalister är en grupp inom den journalistiska yrkeskåren som är särskilt utsatt. Studien bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer med sex verksamma journalister. Vi har i uppsatsen utgått från följande frågeställningar: Hur ser hoten/trakasserierna ut och vilka medel används för att framföra dessa? Vilka konsekvenser har hoten/trakasserierna fått för deras privatliv samt yrkesutövning? Vilka strategier har journalisterna utvecklat för att kunna fortsätta utföra sitt arbete trots hot och trakasserier? Vad tror journalisterna att hoten/trakasserierna kan innebära för den oberoende journalistiken och det öppna samhället? När vi analyserat journalisternas levda erfarenheter och upplevelser har vi använt oss av copingstrategier i syfte att se hur de hanterar påfrestande situationer. Vi har i vårt arbete även varit intresserade av om och i så fall hur hotbilden mot journalister påverkar yrket i stort samt i förlängningen även demokratin. För att analysera detta har vi använt oss av demokratimodellernas olika krav på journalistiken. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att det är vanligt att man som opinionsbildande journalist får motta hot eller trakasserier. Samtliga intervjupersoner menar att den digitala utvecklingen med sociala medier har påverkat hotens karaktär och även gjort det lättare för de som hotar eller trakasserar att nå fram till journalisterna. Hoten och trakasseriernas förekomst leder till en viss självcensur och att journalisterna periodvis undviker vissa ämnen för att få en andningspaus. Det här kan i förlängningen få allvarliga konsekvenser för journalistikens demokratiska uppdrag. Journalisterna påverkas även på ett privatrelaterat plan. Samtliga av respondenterna menar att hot och trakasserier har blivit en del av den redaktionella vardagen, men det är ovanligt att journalisterna överväger att byta yrke helt.

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Frost, Carolyn. "Covering the GMO issue : an overview for South African science reporters." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52175.

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Thesis (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001. ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim and function of this paper is to provide a balanced account of how the media, international and South African, have dealt with the issue of genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A selection of interviews, presentations, articles, transcripts and published reports forms the background of this interpretation, and offers insight into the history of the technology, the major role players, the legislation required and implemented, the question of environmental accountability, and the power of the media's influence. It addresses aspects of the causal relationship between the media and public understanding, and the subsequent power of the consumer as manifested by the perception of risk. The central theme of genetic engineering conjures up a variety of meanings and applications, and the plethora of available information is evaluated in an attempt to develop informed understanding for reporters covering the many dimensions of this development within the arena of science and technology. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie verhandeling is om 'n ewewigtige oorsig te verstrek van hoe die media - Suid-Afrikaans sowel as internasionaal - die kwessie van geneties gemodifiseerde organismes gehanteer het. 'n Seleksie onderhoude, aanbiedinge, artikels, transkripsies, en gepubliseerde verslae vorm die basis van hierdie interpretasie, en verskaf 'n insig in die geskiedenis van die tegnologie, die belangrike rolspelers, nodige en géimplementeerde wetgewing, die vraag van omgewingstoerekenbaarheid, en die mag van die media se invloed. Dit spreek aspekte aan van die kousale verwantskap tussen die media en begrip deur die algemene publiek, en die daaropvolgende mag van die verbruiker, soos dit duidelik word in hulle insig in en begrip van die risiko-faktor. Die sentrale tema van genetiese modifisering bring te voorskyn 'n verskeidenheid betekenisse en aanwendings; en 'n oorsig van die massa beskikbare inligting word hier aangebied in 'n poging om aan verslaggewers ingeligte begrip aan te bied van die veelsydige omvang van die ontwikkeling van genetiese modifisering in die gebied van wetenskap en tegnologie.

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Babini, Dominique, and Pippa Smart. "Using digital libraries to provide online access to social science journals in Latin America." Association of Learned and Professional Society Publishers, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106130.

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There is a strong history of social science research within Latin America, but its visibility (both within and outside the region) has been low for reasons of language and print distribution. The introduction of the Internet and online publication makes this information potentially more visible to the global research community, and within Latin America several organizations have undertaken to exploit this opportunity. The approaches taken show how collaboration between countries, and particularly between librarians and publishers, can provide innovative solutions. The CLACSO project uses a digital library model as a publishing platform for its member journals and this has provided a successful - and hopefully sustainable - model.

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Kelly, Karinsa Michelle. "Science Journals in the Garden: Developing the Skill of Observation in Elementary Age Students." PDXScholar, 2013. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/1536.

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The ability to make and record scientific observations is critical in order for students to engage in successful inquiry, and provides a sturdy foundation for children to develop higher order cognitive processes. Nevertheless, observation is taken for granted in the elementary classroom. This study explores how linking school garden experience with the use of science journals can support this skill. Students participated in a month-long unit in which they practiced their observation skills in the garden and recorded those observations in a science journal. Students' observational skills were assessed using pre- and post-assessments, student journals, and student interviews using three criteria: Accuracy, Detail, and Quantitative Data. Statistically significant improvements were found in the categories of Detail and Quantitative Data. Scores did improve in the category of Accuracy, but it was not found to be a statistically significant improvement.

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Dumas, Estelle. "Recherche biomédicale et journalisme en situation d'incertitude : validité des résultats de la recherche biomédicale et couverture médiatique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BORD0737/document.

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De nombreux articles dans les journaux scientifiques font état du manque de reproductibilité des études biomédicales. Cette « crise de la reproductibilité » ne doit pas être confondue avec les problèmes de fraudes ou de plagiats. Elle recouvre un phénomène plus général aux disciplines scientifiques : un grand nombre de résultats publiés ne sont pas reproduits.Ce manque de reproductibilité n’est pas choquant en soi : la connaissance scientifique est un processus cumulatif qui évolue de résultats prometteurs mais incertains pour arriver à un consensus après réplication des observations par les pairs. L’incertitude est donc inhérente à la recherche en train de se faire. Cependant, cette incertitude ne semble pas être prise en compte dans les interactions entre recherche et société, notamment au travers des médias.Cette thèse s’intéresse à la façon dont l’incertitude est présentée dans les médias en se basant sur l’étude de la couverture médiatique de résultats de la recherche biomédicale dont la validité est connue. Nous avons constitué une large base de données regroupant des résultats de la recherche biomédicale couvrant 3 domaines de la recherche, la psychiatrie, la neurologie et un échantillon de 4 maladies somatiques. Nous avons sélectionné des études décrivant l’association de facteurs de risques (génétiques, environnementaux, biochimiques) avec différentes pathologies. La validité des études initiales a été calculée en comparant leurs résultats à ceux des méta-analyses sur le même sujet. Dans 65% des cas, les résultats des études initiales ne sont pas confirmés par ceux des méta-analyses et ce même si elles sont publiées dans les journaux prestigieux. Nous avons également identifié, parmi les études de la base de données, celles qui avaient retenu l’attention de la presse anglo-saxonne. Celle-ci privilégie les études scientifiques initiales publiées dans des journaux scientifiques prestigieux et présentant des implications directes pour le lecteur. La validité de ces études n’est pas meilleure que celles des publications scientifiques : plus de la moitié n’ont pas été confirmées et la presse ne s’en fait quasiment jamais l’écho. D’autre part, l’analyse du contenu des articles de presse révèle que les journalistes et leurs rédacteurs en chef ne prennent que rarement en compte l’incertitude scientifique. En effet, la majorité des articles précise qu'il s'agit bien d'une découverte initiale, mais seulement 21% mentionnent que la découverte doit être confirmée par des études ultérieures. Ces mentions sont principalement le fait des scientifiques et tendent à disparaître dans les articles les plus récents. Enfin, au travers d’entretiens semi-directifs réalisés auprès de journalistes scientifiques, nous avons confirmé que ceux-ci utilisaient volontiers les résultats publiés dans les journaux scientifiques prestigieux qu’ils considèrent comme des sources fiables. L’enquête révèle que ces journalistes méconnaissent le fonctionnement de la recherche : les deux tiers ne savent pas que les résultats initiaux sont incertains ou bien confondent incertitude et fraude. Quant au tiers restant, il indique les difficultés à faire valoir cette incertitude auprès de leur hiérarchie respective.Plus généralement, cette thèse discute de l’influence grandissante de facteurs extérieurs à l’activité scientifique dans le processus de production de connaissances. En particulier, la prise en compte par les chercheurs et les institutions scientifiques de critères d’intérêt médiatique pourrait influencer les stratégies de recherche et la fiabilité des résultats scientifiques. D’autre part, la détérioration des conditions de travail des journalistes et leur méconnaissance du fonctionnement de la recherche soulèvent des interrogations importantes sur la pertinence des informations présentées dans la presse et sur la qualité du débat public des questions de santé Many academic publications are devoted to the « reproducibility crisis » in biomedical sciences. Their authors distinguish this lack of reproducibility from fraud or plagiarism. This “crisis” deals with a much larger phenomenon encompassing many scientific disciplines: a large amount of scientific results are disconfirmed by subsequent studies.This lack of reproducibility is to be expected: knowledge production is an incremental process where early, promising yet tentative findings are validated through replication. Indeed, scientific results are uncertain per se. The problem, however, is that this uncertainty does not seem to be taken into consideration when science “meets” the public, especially through the media.In this dissertation we studied how the media presented this uncertainty when dealing with biomedical findings. To do so we first created a large, original database of scientific studies investigating the association between risk factors (genetic, biochemical, environmental) and pathologies from three biomedical domains; psychiatry, neurology and a set of four somatic diseases. We evaluated the validity of each initial study by comparing their results to the result of meta-analyses on the same subject. The replication validity is low: 65% of initial studies are disconfirmed by corresponding meta-analysis even when they were published in high-ranking journals. We then identified which studies were selected by the press: initial studies published in prestigious journals and relevant to the readers were preferentially covered. Their validity was nonetheless poor with more than 50% being subsequently invalidated. The press rarely mentioned these frequent invalidations. Analysing the newspaper article contents, we found that journalists and their editors do not deal with scientific uncertainty. Indeed, the majority of newspaper articles referred to the study as being an initial study but only 21% indicated that the results needed to be replicated. Moreover those statements were made by scientists and have become scarce in most recent articles. A survey of 21 science journalists confirmed that journalists still consider high-ranking scientific journals to be reliable sources of information. However, these journalists were not familiar with the incremental process of knowledge production: two-thirds did not know that early findings were uncertain, or confused uncertainty with fraud. The other third knew about the uncertainty of initial results but found it hard to take it into account in their articles because of their respective hierarchy.More generally, the dissertation discusses the influence of extra-scientific factors upon the production of scientific knowledge. We conclude that the scientific assessment process based on the number of papers published in high impact factor journals, combined with the scientific institutions’ orientation towards the media, might undermine the reliability of scientific results, and this in academic publications as well as in the media. Indeed, journalists’ working conditions are deteriorating and most do not seem to properly grasp how scientific facts are produced. This might be damaging for public trust in biomedical research and public debate about health-related issues

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38

Turner, Gillian Kim. "A comparative analysis of the coverage of science news in Cape Town newspapers." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1761.

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Thesis (MPhil(Journalism))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008. The 21st century is less than a decade old, but it is already evident that South Africans will need to improve their scientific literacy (that is, their knowledge about science, the environment and health) if they are to become active citizens in a world which is dominated more and more by complicated scientific and technological advances. It is a world in which average people are increasingly required to understand and make appropriate local decisions regarding numerous scientific debates, including alternative energy sources, climate change and new medical techniques. For most South Africans, the press is their main source of science news. Thus, a huge responsibility rests on the shoulders of newspaper journalists to empower their readers with scientific knowledge and to share the excitement that comes from discovering more about how the universe works. It is within this context that the question arises as to how Cape Town’s newspapers cover science news. Having determined from a review of the literature that a large knowledge gap existed in this field, it was decided to conduct research about science coverage in three daily newspapers (the Cape Argus, the Cape Times and Die Burger) and three weekend newspapers (the Saturday Argus, the Sunday Argus and the Saturday edition of Die Burger) in Cape Town. The quantitative research method of content analysis was employed in order to provide statistical evidence for the study’s problem statement, namely that science news is covered very differently in the six newspapers. This exploratory comparative analysis formed the bulk of the research. The qualitative research methods of surveys and in-depth interviews with the newspapers’ specialist science writers were then used to address the thesis of the study, namely that the science writers are “gatekeepers” (as predicted by the theoretical model of gatekeeping) and that their education, knowledge, interests, beliefs about science, attitudes towards their reporting, and interactions with editors within the newspaper structures determine the science coverage in their newspapers. Thus, this study asks (primarily) what science is covered, and (secondarily) why. The content analysis yielded a wealth of information which confirmed that the six newspapers cover science news very differently, while the surveys and interviews with the science writers validated the prediction that they are the dominant (but not the only) influence on the coverage of science in their newspapers. This study’s goal is to provide a comprehensive comparative overview of the coverage of science news in Cape Town’s newspapers, which will not only create a foundation for future research, but will also provide useful information for the six newspapers, their science writers and editors. Key words: Cape Argus, Cape Times, Cape Town, Die Burger, environment, gatekeeping, health, journalism, media, newspaper, reporter, Saturday Argus, science, South Africa, Sunday Argus, technology.

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Oligney, Ronald Eugene. "Making of The Color of Oil: a contemporary pattern for unleashing the potential of science and technology journalism." Texas A&M University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3209.

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Ideologies, intellectually and religiously driven, color both politics and economics. The relationship between government and the governed, human rights and the rule of law all are affected by such ideologies. However, unless humans are willing to change dramatically lifestyles honed in hundreds of years of historic developments, energy and energy abundance are arguably the most critical needs of modern society. In many ways energy has transcended ideology although there are still unrepentant ideologues advocating otherwise. It was this realization, augmented by a few events, that brought about the writing of The Color of Oil. The authors felt a need to combat popular errors being promulgated by the media in an area of such great importance to the entire human enterprise: Energy. A nonsensical 1999 cover story by the usually reliable Economist magazine provided the last straw. Someone had to set the record straight. But the dour-to-hostile climate that surrounded oil and energy at the turn of the century presented certain challenges to getting the work published. As it turned out, the unique qualifications of a science and technology journalist, the author of this thesis, played a key role in making the publication a reality, and then a phenomenon of sorts. In some ways, The Color of Oil suggests a meaningful new role for science and technology journalism and journalists in a media environment driven by movie stars and media profits. The book was produced on a short timeline and with limited resources. The book's message has played a role in key political decisions in the United States and around the world; as a direct result of the book, the authors were invited and participated extensively in development of energy policy in Texas and at the national level. It has effected billions of dollars of commercial enterprise, providing as it did the blueprint for development of Cheniere Energy, Inc., a $2 billion Houston company that today is one of North America's premier LNG receiving companies. And testimonies from readers of The Color of Oil suggest that the book has produced meaningful personal wealth for many of its 30,000-plus readers.

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Xu, Di. "Journalistic culture in contemporary China : media control, journalistic corruption, and the impact of social media." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/5354/.

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Over the last three decades, Chinese society has experienced dramatic social change. China is now turning into a global superpower, both economically and militarily but not necessarily politically. Western media often embarrass Chinese political leaders for their suppression on free speech and deviation from political democracy. This is the wider social context in which this thesis locates its enquiries. The Chinese media are deeply involved in this social transition. This thesis intends to provide an up-to-date investigation into journalistic culture in contemporary China, where journalism undergoes political suppression, commercial imperatives, and technological upgrades. This thesis examines the key tenets of practising journalism. It focuses on three areas: (1) the norms of practising journalism under political suppression, (2) the main forms of and roots of journalistic corruption that have brought forth by media commercialisation, and (3) the changes and continuities in journalistic practices associated with social media. This research is mainly based on six individual interviews and six focus group interviews, carried out between January 2012 and February 2012 in Beijing and Shanghai. The research is also supported by materials gained through personal communication in these cities. The research concludes that self-censorship and journalistic corruption are two prominent features of contemporary Chinese journalism. Social media have brought both changes and continuities to journalistic practices and media control methods. In analysing the factors shaping contemporary journalism, journalists tend to highlight the impact of traditional Chinese culture. This research, however, suggests that culture does not always play a determinative role. Political, economic and cultural factors, alongside other elements, all contribute to shaping journalism. We need a more dynamic and comprehensive perspective in examining journalism, which should be spatial-temporally constructed.

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41

Van, Velden D. P. "Responsibility of media coverage and media attitudes towards science and technology /." Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019/921.

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Bell, K. E. B. "Any news? : an anthropological investigation of political journalists in Northern Ireland." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.269033.

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Repnikova, Maria. "Limited political liberalisation in authoritarian regimes : critical journalists and the state in China." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d4673810-ca89-4642-a463-851ca50627f0.

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This dissertation examines the process of limited political liberalisation in China by analysing the coexistence between critical journalists and the party-state under the Hu-Wen leadership. In contrast to the scholarship on authoritarianism and Chinese politics, which tends to analyse the perspectives of societal actors and the state separately from one another, this study brings the two together, unveiling the intricacies of their interactions. In the past decade, critical journalists and the party-state maintained a partnership which can be best described by a jazz ensemble metaphor. The players—critical journalists and the party-state—share a common purpose: improving their performance or governance within the existing political system. They overcome the limitations on their collaboration with ad hoc creative adjustments made in response to one another. The party-state acts as a band leader, setting the key by establishing a framework within which creative manoeuvring can take place. The study is based on unique access to politically sensitive material, including 120 in-depth interviews with critical journalists, media and crisis management experts, and government officials. It also includes multilayered textual analysis of the Chinese Communist Party journal, Qiushi, and investigative reports in two outspoken media outlets, Caijing and Nanfang Zhoumo. The data is employed to analyse the boundaries for limited political liberalisation of the media as well as how it manifests itself during major crisis events. More broadly, the dissertation draws the attention of both China and authoritarianism scholars to the significant yet neglected feature of interactive improvisation as a force that can sustain coexistence between critical actors and authoritarian states. It shows that by engaging in actor-driven analysis and illuminating the process of their interactions, we can better grasp the dynamics of authoritarianism in China and beyond. A step is made towards applying the analytical framework distilled in the China case on other authoritarian regimes by including a limited comparison to media–state relations under Gorbachev and under Putin. It shows that the variables of collaboration and improvisation are useful in explaining the different outcomes of political liberalisation reform.

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Rowe, M. Edward (Montie Edward). "A Content Analysis of Citations to Four Prominent Philosophers of Science in Selected Sociology Journals." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1985. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc330872/.

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Numerous studies have attempted to measure scientists' influence by measuring the quantity of citations to their works. The problem with "citation counting," as it is called, is that it assumes that each listing of an author in a citation index is equal to another without bothering to explore the substantive uses of citations in the source article. The present study attempts to alleviate this problem by content analysis of citations in a limited sphere: reference to major philosophers of science by sociologists. In just over 100 sociology journals, citations to Thomas Kuhn, Karl Popper, Ernst Nagel, and Carl Hempel (overall, the most frequently cited philosophers of science) from 1971-1982 were randomly sampled. Each citation was classified according to the following criteria: 1) philosopher cited; 2) work cited, 3) exclusivity (whether cited with others); 4) multiplicity (number of citations by the philosopher in the same article); 5) type of article; and 6) purpose of citation. Purposes of citation included seven categories: 1) listing as relevant literature; 2) definition of a concept; 3) modification or extension of a philosopher's theory; 4) formulation of a research problem; 5) interpretation of results; 6) critical of philosopher's work; and 7) other. Analysis of these data revealed the following conclusions: 1) the major use of philosophy was the furnishing of concepts and their definitions; 2) philosophy of science played little or no role in directing research or interpreting results; 3) the use of citations differed greatly among the philosophers; 4) simple citation counting would have severely distorted the relative influences of each philosopher; and 5) the dialogue between sociology and the philosophy of science has, in the last decade, been dominated by Kuhn's theory of scientific revolutions.

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45

Fiedler, Heather Starr. "Journalism and Mass Communication Education in The Age of Technology." NSUWorks, 2005. http://nsuworks.nova.edu/gscis_etd/516.

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The developmental research project was undertaken to determine the best way to structure the future of journalism and mass communication education so that it remains a viable discipline within the academy. New media technology is an emerging discipline within the journalism field. While many new jobs exist for graduates who are skilled in the field, only a small number of colleges and universities are offering undergraduate programs to train students in new media technology. The goal of the dissertation was to propose a new undergraduate major in new media technology that schools may implement. The literature review traces the origins and development of journalism and mass communication education through the 19th and 20th centuries and focuses on the emerging field of new media technology and online journalism. To help answer the research questions, a survey questionnaire was distributed to journalism and mass communications educators at 108 programs in the United States and to more than 300 media professionals. All the programs are accredited by the Accrediting Council on Education in Journalism and Mass Communications (ACEJMC), and the media professionals are all members of the Online News Association (ON A). The total number of participants was 102. In the surveys, participants shared their views on the current state of journalism and mass communication education as well as the new media industry through a combination of rank-order items, Likert-type scales, and open-ended questions. Results were used to correlate industry requirements with program offerings to prescribe the best possible undergraduate program in new media technology. The content, coverage and feasibility of the model program were validated by a panel of experts.

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46

Afful, Ebo. "Journalism, election campaigns and democracy in Ghana." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2016. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/99853/.

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Political communication literature has documented various forms of framing election campaigns although that on Ghana are few. These included issues, horse race, coverage tone and presidential candidates’ media visibility leading to an incumbency advantage. These are normally attributed to news values that reflect political power such as relevance and politicians’ elite status. Hence, this study is intended to explore explanation for the trend of campaign coverage in Ghana, a developing democracy, using four Ghanaian newspapers in 2008 and 2012. Through content analysis and in-depth interviews, the thesis grounded in gatekeeping and framing theories, has demonstrated that: (1) the state-owned newspapers did not give an incumbency advantage (2), the coverage was issues-based (3), election stories were more positive in tone (4), there was media bias and (5) politicians paid money (‘soli’) to journalists for coverage. These empirical findings show that during the campaigns, gatekeeping and framing practices were driven more likely by the ‘soli’ norm rather than the norm of objective and impartial journalism. Thus the study offers a new explanation why there was no incumbency advantage, why the press bias, why coverage was largely positive in tone and why issues-based framing. However, horse race appears to have the potential to dominate Ghana’s elections coverage. The conclusions of this study, one argues, were as a result of interplay between candidates’ desire not only to dominate the newspapers but also to be projected positively and journalists’ desire to make money from politicians. Simply put: stories of elections published by the newspapers were defined by ‘soli’ journalism which promoted ‘protocol’ journalism. This means most election stories that reached electorates were from speeches of candidates. Therefore, the stories lacked critical interpretation of campaign events raising issues of capacity of the press in Ghana to function effectively as public sphere contributing to participatory democracy.

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Stüdeli, Lena Meret. ""Catchy Climate Science": A Comparative Analysis of Rhetorical and Discursive Strategies in Online Texts Written by Scientists versus Journalists." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Engelska institutionen, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-161374.

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Climate science and the effective public communication of it havebecome increasingly vital in a world that is changing atan unprecedentedrate. For many scientists and journalists, the Internet hasgrown to be the preferred medium of climate science communication. As the issues thattextsabout climate changedeal with are ratherpressing, it is crucial that thescientific knowledge is recontextualized for non-expert audiencesin the mosteffectiveand engaging way. Science communicatorshave rhetorical strategiesof recontextualization and discursive strategies of newsworthinessat their disposal to achieve the desired science communicationand ultimately createan inclusive and engaging discourse with theirreaders. This qualitative study is a comparative analysis of two different typesof writers:scientists and journalists. The analysis of onlinetexts about climate change, written by these two types of writers, showsthat scientists and journalists employ many of the same strategies.Nonetheless, the findings reveal distinct differences in how extensively certain strategies are/ are not used.Generally, the scientists recontextualized the scientific knowledge in a more personalizedand inclusivemanner. The journalists, in turn, made use of more discursive strategies of newsworthiness. This qualitative comparative studyalsoprovides a novel analytical framework for further studies of the same kind.

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48

Åström, Linda. "The Journalist-NGO Relationship: A Social Exchange Theory Perspective : Exploring motivations, contextual influences, and trust building processes shaping the journalist-NGO relationship in Sweden." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Journalistik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-45753.

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This study explores the relationship between journalists and NGOs in news making from a social exchange theory perspective. Drawing on semi-structured reconstruction interviews with journalists from Swedish media and representatives from the communications departments of Swedish NGOs, it examines motivations, contextual influences, and trust building processes that shape the relationship. The findings from the thematic analysis suggest three main characteristics of the journalist-NGO relationship. Firstly, the actors are motivated to interact due to a mutual dependency despite having separate goals. Secondly, the interactions are marked by an initiative imbalance caused by the contextual norm of a ruling media logic. Thirdly, trustworthiness is established between the actors through successful social exchanges which tend to reoccur and rationalize professional processes, ergolong-term relations lead to trust and efficacy. This thesis further concludes that journalists hold an upper hand in the news making process which NGOs accommodate to be recognized by media. Simultaneously, the NGOs play an important part in supplementing and substituting journalistic shortages which enhances their influence on news content. This leads to a relationship of mutual dependency which is sustained through reciprocal social exchanges that build trust and enable efficiency on both an interpersonal micro level, and an organizational meso level.

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49

Koylu, Hilal. "Press Ethics And Practice Of Journalism In Turkey:." Master's thesis, METU, 2006. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12607793/index.pdf.

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This thesis examines the practice of the profession of journalism in Turkey and whether the fundamental ethical codes and standards of journalism are being honored in the contemporary market-driven media sector. While media owners have consistently used the press as an instrument in the furtherance of their interests, this problem has been aggravated by the recent concentration in media ownership. The perception of readers as &lsquo consumers&rsquo has put a premium on entertainment and sensationalism while jeopardizing basic journalistic values. Forced to practice a type of journalism different to the model which drew them to the profession, many journalists have lost pride in their work along with confidence in the ability of the media to fulfill the public right to information in a democratic society. The thesis begins with an overview of the emergence of the ethical codes and practices of the profession before focusing on the Turkish media and the implementation of the various codes of practice and regulatory procedures which have been developed in Turkey. v The basic issue in media ethics is the morality of those in the sector and the compatibility of journalism and ethics. In order to ascertain if Turkish journalists believe these standards are being maintained, extensive interviews were undertaken with a sample group of a 114 journalists, comprising new and veteran reporters, editors and members of editorial boards. The study confirms that ethical codes and standards are not being followed in the Turkish media because of commercial constraints underlined by increasing concentration in the sector. Keywords: Turkish media, ethics.

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Blue, Adrianne. "Stretching the limits : journalism and gender politics in women's sport." Thesis, City University London, 2010. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/12245/.

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My work on the sports pages of the Sunday Times led to invitations to write two books on the emergence of elite female champions and two unauthorized biographies of female champions, all of which included original data and analysis of gender issues in sport. One of the first academic, self-reflective analyses by a sports journalist, this dissertation written for the PhD by prior publication, places my work in the context of the profession and considers my contribution to understanding how elite champions have used their agency in sport. Contributions in the works submitted include re-theorizing the ―feminine apologetic‖ with regard to elite champions, documentation and interpretation of agency and constraint in the career of Martina Navratilova, identifying and modelling the backlash role of gymnastics, and interrogating the gender frontier; all are critically analysed here. In this dissertation, issues of journalistic practice including the advantage of bias are considered, and the ―doping apologetic‖ is identified, named and preliminarily modelled. My work both benefits from and contributes to the cross-disciplinary, inter-linked analysis of women‘s sport in the social sciences and in sport and women's studies, and has been cited in the literature. Contravening conventionalist journalistic stereotyping of female champions, it documents and evaluates how champions have attempted to gain opportunity for themselves, and how their strategies may have affected the paradigm of femininity.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Science journalist'

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