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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Science subjects'
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NDURYA, RUDOLPH. "Teaching methods for science subjects in elementary schools : A qualitative study on the methods science teachers describe that they use to teach science subjects in elementary schools and what effect they say these methods have on students’ motivation towards science subjects." Thesis, Jönköping University, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-49249.
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The objective of the empirical study was to explore which teaching methods science teachers in elementary schools describe that they use and the effects these methods have on student motivation towards the subject, according to these teachers. The study is based on the socio constructivism perspective while also correlating pragmatism and cognitive constructivism in relation to teaching methods in science lessons. Semi-structured interviews have been conducted with experienced and skilled elementary science teachers from around the district of Jönköping. Through the interviews the teachers gave accounts and descriptions of teaching choices they make for their lessons. They also accounted for the tangible effects these methods had on students’ motivation in the subject. As per the results of this study, it is perceived that the interviewed teachers base their teaching on the previously described learning theories. As they are a vital part of our education and learning in Sweden it is fair to point out that the integrating of these teaching and learning theories fit different scenarios of learning differently. Therefore, they absolutely need not necessarily be considered as contradicting each other as much as complementing the other as evidently shown in the study. Because learning theories have differing focus in learning, teachers would be well placed in their pedagogical aspirations by using different learning perspectives to be able to cater for different aspects of learning. Furthermore, different curriculum needs may require different theoretical learning focus. The teachers’ descriptions about their teaching methods suggest that they seek theoretical support and inspiration from various learning theories, more so, in this study, from sociocultural perspective and through pragmatism. This study has also revealed that the teachers make use of an accumulated repertoire of subject know-how and are actively using it in various ways to impact student learning and motivation. As teachers, the right attitude would be to understand which methods fit the class dynamic as this will affect student engagement and subsequently, performance and motivation. It is clear therefore, that the need to adapt teaching to cater for students’ individual needs should be deemed a good reason to help unlock students’ potential in their quest for knowledge acquisition
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Fan, Meng. "Stability of Academic Performance Across Science Subjects Among Chinese Students." UKnowledge, 2013. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/edp_etds/15.
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With data describing 110,520 eighth grade students from 592 junior high (middle) schools in China, a three-level hierarchical linear model was developed in this study to create a multivariate multilevel environment to examine (a) the effects of student-level and school-level variables on science achievement in four subject areas (science inquiry skills, biology, earth science, and physics) and (b) the consistency or stability of academic achievement across the four subject areas among students and among schools. Results indicated that (a) student characteristics, including gender, parental SES, time spent in learning, and the type of family separation, were related to high academic achievement in each of the four science subject areas, (b) no school characteristics were found to be significant factors to affect students’ academic performance in any of the four science subject areas, (c) both students and schools with high academic achievement in one subject area also showed high academic achievement in other subject areas, and (d) the consistency or stability of science performance over the four subject areas did not depend on student characteristics and school characteristics.
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Chu, Chun-pong. "Students' perceptions of the medium of instruction in science subjects : a case study /." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14709995.
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Akpan, E. U. U. "Factors influencing the choice of science or non-science subjects in Nigerian secondary schools and the consequences for science enrolments in Nigerian universities." Thesis, University of Hull, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.375625.
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Carmichael, Christine (Erst). "Exploration of critical thinking in environmental subjects." University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Education, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2100/420.
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This qualitative research study investigated the expression of critical thinking in environmental subjects at university level in Australia. It also explored the strategies used by lecturers to encourage student critical thinking. Initially an open-ended questionnaire was sent to lecturers and tutors in universities across Australia and the responses from thirty participants were analysed thematically. From these participants semi-structured interviews were arranged with six lecturers and eight students from three different universities. The third phase of the research process involved analysing subject outlines and student assignments. Findings were triangulated to create a picture of the teaching and learning practices of critical thinking in this field. The three cases of Environmental Science, Environmental Engineering and Environmental Law were identified as having some common yet distinctively different themes in relation to critical thinking. In each discipline area three broad approaches to the expression of critical thinking were identified: scientific/technical, paradigmatic and reflective. The scientific/technical approach in science was most concerned with critique of experiments and studies, in engineering with problem solving and in law with the technical aspects of language and application of the law. The paradigmatic approach included critical analysis of the different theories, frameworks and paradigms of each subject. The reflective approach to critical thinking included students’ self evaluation of their learning within a specific subject. Notable differences between the three cases were the types of strategies used by lecturers to encourage student critical thinking. The Environmental Science lecturers were more inclined to use a wide variety of strategies, including provision of written material about critical thinking with critical thinking identified in marking criteria, discussion in class and guided exercises. The Environmental Engineering lecturers placed more emphasis on discussion in class than on providing written materials. The Environmental Law lecturers predominantly focused on the strategy of debating in class for the development of student critical thinking. The findings of this study are significant in providing support for the argument that development of critical thinking is subject specific rather than generic. This calls into question the use of generic skills testing for university graduates as a reliable measure of their ability to think critically in their field. The findings indicate that it is necessary for subject lecturers to be explicit with students about their expectations regarding critical thinking, particularly in relation to assessment. Findings suggest guidelines for lecturers including strategies and attitudes that encourage or hinder student critical thinking. Findings also suggest that the nature of the field of environmental and sustainability subjects lends itself to developing critical thinking, which is considered to be important.
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Enyan, B. (Benjamin). "Ethics in using students as subjects in software engineering experiments." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2016. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201612103233.
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The ethical issues that researchers encounter in experiment are usually debated upon. Ethical issues are scrutinized and reported in the law, medicine and psychology areas of study. Independent boards are commonly employed to vet the ethical aspect of experiments in the above mentioned areas of study. However, in the software engineering area of research, it is not entirely like that as researchers just follow the guidelines of their respective institutions. Ethical principles of right and wrong, codes of conducts, codes of rules, and external standards that govern an organization, must be considered and followed during the research.
Experiments must be designed on utmost ethical rules and values. These ethical rules must be followed and reported, as researchers conduct their experiments. Ethics in research is inevitable however; its application in software engineering might not be direct. Four fundamental principles of research ethics being informed consent, scientific value, beneficence, and confidentiality are the major pointers of ethical issues in SE experiment.
The focus of this thesis was to find out the ethically related issues reported by researchers while they conducted their research on students. This study used a systematic mapping review method, to gather and analyse reported experiments that were conducted with students as subjects, by classifying and identifying ethical issues that are reported in software engineering experiment over the past few years. The studies reviewed were published within the years 2000 and 2016, and from 12 journals and conference proceedings. The search strategy identified 2512 papers, of which 70 were identified as relevant or primary studies.
The findings revealed that researchers in SE research pay minimal attention to issues of ethics. No reporting guidelines developed over the years suggesting that researchers are obligated to report issues of ethics. However, one aspect seems to be considered most in the reports; beneficence, where researchers seek to motivate the students to participate in their study. In a nutshell, experiment in SE field of study does not have higher risk on its human subjects as compared to other fields of study.
Ethical issues are hardly debated or never mentioned in the SE experiment publication. In the near future, experiment reporting guidelines, must be developed in order to promote or suggest to researcher to give details about ethical issues, especially when it involves human (students) subjects.
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Maiyuran, Jitesh (Jitesh V. ). "Understanding the doer effect for computational subjects with MOOCs." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/119565.
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Thesis: M. Eng., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 69-70).
In this thesis, we examined the relationship between the doer effect and learning computational subjects. Computational thinking is becoming increasingly important for students and professionals, and teaching this thought process is a relatively new practice. The doer effect is a well-studied learning phenomenon, yet its impact in computational subjects is not well-understood. Also, given that MOOCs cater to a variety of students, predicting student experience levels can benefit instructors. To address these problems, we used data from massive open online courses (MOOCs) to understand how different student activities are correlated with positive learning outcomes. We also considered the doer effect in a variety of scenarios such as prior experience, duration, and course content. Using a variety of linear models and feature engineering methods in the MOOC setting, we were able to replicate the results seen in literature and draw conclusions about the doer effect in new contexts. Because we found prior experience to correlate with student behavior, we also developed a classifier to predict student experience levels given demographic and behavioral data; our model gives strong accuracy and is robust for use in small data sets.
by Jitesh Maiyuran.
M. Eng.
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Rebry, Natasha L. "Disintegrated subjects : Gothic fiction, mental science and the fin-de-siècle discourse of dissociation." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/44052.
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The end of the nineteenth century witnessed a rise in popularity of Gothic fiction, which included the publication of works such as Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde (1886), George Du Maurier’s Trilby (1894), Arthur Machen’s The Great God Pan (1894) and The Three Impostors (1895), and Richard Marsh’s The Beetle (1897), featuring menacing foreign mesmerists, hypnotising villains, somnambulistic criminals and spectacular dissociations of personality. Such figures and tropes were not merely the stuff of Gothic fiction, however; from 1875 to the close of the century, cases of dual or multiple personality were reported with increasing frequency, and dissociation – a splitting off of certain mental processes from conscious awareness – was a topic widely discussed in Victorian medical, scientific, social, legal and literary circles. Cases of dissociation and studies of dissociogenic practices like mesmerism and hypnotism compelled attention as they seemed to indicate the fragmented, porous and malleable nature of the human mind and will, challenging longstanding beliefs in a unified soul or mind governing human action. Figured as plebeian, feminine, degenerative and “primitive” in a number of discourses related to mental science, dissociative phenomena offered a number of rich metaphoric possibilities for writers of Gothic fiction. This dissertation connects the rise of interest in dissociation with the rise of Gothic fiction in the fin-de-siècle, arguing that late-nineteenth-century Gothic fiction not only incorporated and responded to the theories of Victorian mental scientists on dissociation but also intelligently grappled with and actively challenged the often hegemonic and regulatory nature of such theories by demonstrating the close proximities between normal and so-called deviant psychologies. Fin-de-siècle Gothic fiction posed a fundamental challenge to predominant views on the dissociative subject by demonstrating that Englishmen were not exempt from the experience of multiplicity and psychic fragmentation, hence not as different from women, “degenerates” and “primitives” as they believed. Furthermore, Gothic texts at times even influenced the theories of mental science, providing mental scientists with a language for the expression of the distressing nature of mental disunity, thus demonstrating the circuitous nature of the relationship between mental science and Gothic fiction.
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Naugah, Jayantee. "Factors affecting the choice of science subjects among girls at secondary level in Mauritius." Thesis, Brunel University, 2011. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/6450.
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This research attempts to identify the factors which influence the choice of science subjects in Mauritius among girls at the end of the third year of secondary education, the level up to which science is a compulsory subject. This low uptake of science subjects by girls beyond the compulsory level is a matter of concern. The study was undertaken in four purposely selected schools in Mauritius, two mixed-sex and two girls’ schools. Using mainly a qualitative approach, data were collected through: (i) non-participant observations of 60 science and 20 non-science lessons, (ii) 16 semi-structured face-to-face interviews of teachers, and six group interviews with pupils and (iii) 135 questionnaires administered to the parents of the pupils in the classes observed in the four schools. Based on the results of a pilot study, modifications were made for the main study. The data provided insights into teachers’ teaching approaches, the behaviour and interest of pupils in the lessons and other factors such as pupils’ perceptions of science, their self-identity and role models, and the extent to which parents and peers influence the choice of subjects among girls. The findings show that teaching approaches were mainly traditional and that both girls and boys prefer hands-on activities and contextual examples reflecting real-life situations. The majority of the girls’ experiences of science were negative and this deterred them from taking science beyond the compulsory level although they were aware of its importance. Teachers had positive opinions about girls’ ability to do science but stated that lack of infrastructure facilities did not allow them to involve the pupils in practical work as much as they would wish. However, brighter girls’ decisions to study sciences were not outweighed by these factors. Parents felt that they did not influence their daughters in the choice of subjects or eventual careers though they held science in high esteem.
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Vrecko, Scott. "Governing desire in the biomolecular era : addiction science and the making of neurochemical subjects." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2006. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/2686/.
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This thesis investigates the development and implications of contemporary understandings of addiction that have emerged over the last half century within biomolecular and neurobiological 'styles of thought.' The analysis, based upon historical and archival research, is organized around the shift from conceptualizations of addiction as an organic or molar disease - that is, a disease that was thought to affect individuals in some general, but unspecified way (for example, by affecting 'the will') - to neuroscience conceptualizations of addiction as a disease of the brain. The thesis examines the interplay of cultural, political, economic, and technological factors that have influenced which particular ways of going about studying, thinking about, and researching addiction have been pursued most actively. In doing so, it brings into question the assumption that changes in styles of thinking about addiction occur as a consequence of the discovery of 'natural' neurochemical truths of the brain, independent of political rationalities, material considerations and realities, and scientific entrepreneurship. It also investigates how neuroscience models are transforming the ways that clinical, legal, and, personal, and social problems associated with drug use and addiction are dealt with. It particularly focuses on the development and use of 'anticraving' medications, which are today being prescribed to treat compulsive desires for a range of drug addictions, including 'behavioural addictions' such as pathological gambling and compulsive shopping. It relates these new forms of 'brain-targeting' treatment and intervention to the emergence of new classifications of mental health and illness, and to new ways of thinking about and acting upon individuals as neurochemical subjects.
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Khemka, Niharika. "Gender Differences in Academic Self-Efficacy in the Subjects of Mathematics/Science and English." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2014. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/920.
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Past research has shown us that males have higher self-efficacy and motivation in the subjects of mathematics/science, and females have higher self-efficacy and motivation in the subject of English (reading/writing). This paper explores the constructs of self-efficacy, domain-specific self-efficacy, differences in gender related to academic self-efficacy, and research that has been done on interventions related to academic self-efficacy in the past. The aim of this paper is to develop intervention designs that help improve academic self-efficacy and motivation for females in the field of mathematics/ science, and improve academic self-efficacy and motivation for males in the field of English (reading/writing).
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Dingalo, Raphael. "Factors associated with gender differences in enrolment for science and technology subjects in Botswana." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020386/.
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This research builds on the research carried out for my Institution Focussed Study (IFS) in which I explored the factors that influenced male and female enrolment in the science and technology subjects with special reference to one large Senior Secondary School, Gaborone Senior Secondary School, in Botswana. The study followed the observation that there were very few female students enrolled in the University of Botswana's Faculty of Engineering and Technology (FET). Application and enrolment procedures from the University showed no gender bias in recruitment procedures, therefore I looked at secondary education, which is the major determinant of university recruitment. Evidence from the IFS suggested, amongst other things, that we were about to see an increased application and enrolment of females in the BSc year 1. The research for my thesis involved both a replication and extension of the IFS. The main research methods used were semi-structured interviews and questionnaires. In the replication phase, I worked with Year 5 students generally and relevant staff in two additional schools, Lobatse Senior Secondary School (Lob Sec) and St Joseph's College (St Joe). In the extension phase I worked more intensively with male and female students studying the triple sciences in these two schools, these being the students from whom the University would select its future science and engineering students. I interviewed the following: students and staff members from a lower secondary school; staff members from Lob Sec and St Joe; lecturers from the University and the Botswana College of Agriculture and Ministry of Education Officials. The replication and extension studies both indicate that there will probably be an increased participation of girls in university science and technology subjects in the near future. The present imbalances in BSc recruitment can be explained by girls' relatively lower examination performance in science, both at the end of junior secondary schooling — which governs entry to prestigious triple science courses in senior secondary schools — and at the end of senior secondary school itself. I Iowever, they are progressively narrowing the gap in both these areas. Entry to University engineering courses is more difficult to predict. However substantial percentages of girls in the study indicated that their career preferences fall along science and engineering, and both 'providers' and 'consumers' of science and engineering products expressed the need for girls to follow these courses. I concluded that there must be a more meaningful programme to further increase girls' participation in science and technology.
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Hedberg, Sebastian. "Concep Art : En praktisk studie om arbetsprocessen bakom skapandet av konstformen med dystopi/postapokalyptisk science fiction som tema." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-3437.
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Lane, Eliesh O'Neil. "Decision-making in the human subjects review system." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005, 2005. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-01132005-104405/unrestricted/lane%5Feliesh%5Fo%5F200505%5Fphd.pdf.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Public Policy, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2005.Richard P. Barke, Committee Chair ; Roberta Berry, Committee Member ; Ann Bostrom, Committee Member ; Barry Bozeman, Committee Member ; Mary Frank Fox, Committee Member. Vita. Includes bibliographical references.
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Layne, Andrew Steven. "Resistance Training Increases the Expression of AMPK, mTOR, and GLUT4 in Previously Sedentary Subjects and Subjects with the Metabolic Syndrome." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2010. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1673.
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Exercise has been considered a cornerstone of diabetes prevention and treatment for decades, but the benefits of resistance training are less clear. Nineteen non-diabetic subjects (10 metabolic syndrome, 9 sedentary controls) underwent 8 weeks of supervised resistance training. After training, strength and V̇ O2max increased by 10% in both groups. Percent body fat decreased in subjects with the metabolic syndrome. Additionally, lean body mass increased in both groups (p<0.05). Expression of glucose transporter protein-4 (GLUT4), the principle insulin-responsive glucose transporter, increased significantly in both groups. 5-adenosine monophosphateactivated protein kinase (AMPK) and mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) expression increased in both groups, indicating increased protein synthesis and mitochondrial biogenesis. Markers of insulin resistance measured by a euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp did not improve in subjects with the metabolic syndrome but increased significantly in control subjects (13%). Resistance training upregulates intracellular signaling pathways that may be beneficial for ameliorating the metabolic syndrome.
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Gonzalez, Ortiz Jose Javier. "Learning from few subjects with large amounts of voice monitoring data." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/122697.
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This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2019
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 41-45).
Recently, researchers have started training high complexity machine learning models for clinical tasks, often improving upon previous benchmarks. However, more often than not, these methods require large amounts of supervision to provide good generalization guarantees. When applied to data coming from small cohorts and long monitoring periods these models are prone to overt to subject-identifying features. Since obtaining large amounts of labels is usually not practical in many scenarios, expert-driven knowledge of the task is a common technique to prevent overtting. We present a two-step learning approach that is able to generalize under with few subjects and without expert-driven feature design when applied to a voice monitoring dataset. Our approach decouples the feature learning stage and performs it in an unsupervised manner, removing the need for laborious feature engineering. We show the eectiveness of our proposed model on two voice monitoring related tasks. We evaluate the extracted features for classifying between patients with vocal fold nodules and controls. We also demonstrate that the features capture pathology relevant information by showing that models trained on them are more accurate predicting vocal use for patients than for controls. Our proposed method is able to generalize to unseen subjects and across learning tasks while matching state-of-the-art results.
by Jose Javier Gonzalez Ortiz.
S.M.
S.M. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science
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Vincent, Christopher. "An enquiry into the role of values in the attrition of teachers of physical science subjects." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2017. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/an-enquiry-into-the-role-of-values-in-the-attrition-of-teachers-of-physical-science-subjects(ef976337-009c-455b-b080-0dd7ee5c831f).html.
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This thesis enquires into the role of values in the attrition of teachers of physical science subjects in the formative years of their teaching careers. Recruitment and attrition have contributed to a shortage of these teachers in English schools (Bousted, 2016), and while recruitment has benefited from increased investment (Gov.uk, 2017), attrition has largely gone unaddressed. In belief system theory, values are considered to be intrinsically linked to the behaviours people exhibit (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). As the behaviour of interest in this thesis is the departure of these teachers from the profession, it was decided that the values informing this behaviour should be investigated. Values are also components of an organisation's culture, which is linked to job commitment and satisfaction (Branson, 2008). It is therefore possible that when the values of these teachers and those in school culture are aligned, this will contribute to reduced attrition. Based on the works of Rokeach (1973) and Schwartz (2012), an adapted value scale using Q-method was developed to measure the value systems of student teachers and those contributing to school culture as determined by secondary school department leaders. The measurement and comparison of these value systems showed: values held by these teachers in the formative years of their careers evolve, and ITT guides this; physical science and non-physical science student teacher value systems were shown in some instances to be similar, and in others to be noticeably different; one of the two physical science student teacher value systems was in most instances aligned with the value systems identified as being present in English secondary school culture; misalignment showed that physical science specialists place less emphasis on having a sense of belonging and on benevolence oriented values; when compared with the values in English secondary school culture, teachers in the formative years of their careers, regardless of their specialism, have the potential to overemphasise the importance of conformity oriented values. It is suggested that these combined factors contribute to the attrition of teachers of physical science subjects in the formative years of their careers.
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Kucera, Susan Kay. "Effects of task difficulty on naming performance of aphasic subjects." PDXScholar, 1992. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4369.
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This investigation examined the effects of task difficulty on aphasic individuals' naming performance. Subjects were presented lists of easy-to-name and difficult-to-name items. In the high success condition, difficult lists were interspersed among a larger number of easy lists. In the low success condition, easy lists were interspersed among a larger number of difficult lists. Percentages of correct responses for administration of each list were calculated for each subject. Group means for each list were derived by averaging the individual scores. Group means in the high success and the low success conditions were compared with baseline measures to determine experimental effects. No statistical analyses were performed. Results did not find that task difficulty effects aphasic individuals' naming performance.
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Hedfors, Eva. "Reading Fleck : questions on philosophy and science /." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Philosophy and the History of Technology, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4250.
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Block, Mara Gertrude. ""Care of the Afflicted Flock": Pastoral Counseling, Psychiatry, and Disorderly Sexual Subjects." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:23845473.
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While scholars have argued that modern medical authority over sexuality stands in some relation to earlier religious discourse, modern religion and its new relationship to medicine are absent from these narratives. This dissertation takes up just such a study through narrating the emergence of modern pastoral counseling and its assumptions, categories, and therapeutic techniques, all of which were deeply entangled with modern sciences of the mind. Modern pastoral counseling marks a decisive discontinuity from the long tradition of philosophical and Christian care for the soul in its relation to medicine and in its view of the self. This dissertation argues that mid-century American Protestant understandings of sexuality depended on a modern psychological conception of the self.
Through analysis of archival documents, theological texts, and hospital case histories from the early clinical pastoral training movement, this study investigates the shifting pastoral rhetoric used to understand sexual maladjustment, and it traces shifting attempts to rework Christian sexual ethics. While psychiatry was the primary framework for making sense of queer love—at times even for queer people themselves—some fashioned new and imaginative languages for expressing forms of queer love and queer religion. Juxtaposing clinical discourse with these diverse genres not only illuminates the limits of contemporary debates about religion and sexuality, but it also illustrates the importance of studying entanglements of religion, science, and medicine in everyday life and social practice.Religion, Committee on the Study of
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Ismail, Ihsan. "Implications of the PPSMI policy for the performance of Malaysian secondary schools in mathematics and science subjects." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/51434/.
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The introduction of the Teaching and Learning Mathematics and Science Subjects in English (PPSMI) policy to change the medium of instruction in mathematics and science subjects from Bahasa Melayu to English has raised many debates on the effectiveness of the policy and the ability of the schools, teachers and pupils to adapt to the new medium of instruction. This study evaluates the implications of the PPSMI policy for the school performance in mathematics and science subjects. The school performances before and after the implementation of the policy were assessed and compared according to school types, states, and locations by developing an advanced technique in measuring school efficiency based on hybrid returns to scale (HRS) data envelopment analysis (DEA). A new methodology of measuring change in performance over time based on the Malmquist index was also developed to measure the difference in performance before and after the implementation of the policy. The aim of developing the methodologies is to provide an alternative assessment of the implications of the PPSMI policy for the school performance in mathematics and science subjects thus helping the Ministry of Education Malaysia to decide on the direction of the PPSMI policy. The HRS DEA model is a new extension in DEA based on the concept of selective proportionality in the relationship of input-output variables. It gives a better estimate compared to the original convex models, the constant returns to scale (CRS) and the variable returns to scale (VRS), when some of the inputs and outputs have proportional relationship while others do not. In this study, an HRS-based DEA model utilising 10 inputs and 8 outputs was developed to assess the efficiency of schools from three states i.e. Kedah, Penang, and Perlis. The schools comprise of three different types i.e. the national, fully residential, and religious school-types. The efficiency was also assessed by using the CRS and VRS models to compare the results. The Malmquist index is a popular productivity index for measuring efficiency over time. The Malmquist index can be calculated from the CRS-based or the VRS-based DEA efficiency scores. This study developed a new productivity index called the HRS-based Malmquist index. This is similar to the VRS-based Malmquist index but the calculation of the index is based on the efficiency scores from the HRS DEA model. The efficiency scores and Malmquist indices of schools in different categories (i.e. school-types, states, and locations) were tested for significant difference by using nonparametric statistical tests. Nonparametric statistical tests were used due to the nonparametric nature of DEA. The statistical tests used in this study are Mann-Whitney U Test and Kruskal-Wallis Test to look at independent samples such as samples from different school-types, and Wilcoxon Signed Ranks Test and Friedman's Two-Way Analysis of Variance to examine dependent samples such as the difference in performance before and after the implementation of the policy.
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Duvall, Jill. "Coverbal behavior of aphasic and right hemisphere damaged subjects in conversation." PDXScholar, 1988. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3846.
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The frequency and duration of six coverbal behaviors were examined in two experimental groups and one control group. Conversational samples of ten aphasic subjects, ten right hemisphere damaged (RHD) subjects, and ten matched, non-brain damaged (NBD) control subjects were scored for frequency and duration of eye contact, head nod, head shake, head tilt, smile and eyebrow raise. Only the frequency of smile was found to differ significantly; the RHD subjects smiled less often than either of the other two groups.
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Nelson, Denise Marie. "Effects of encouraging, discouraging, and neutral instructions on naming by aphasic subjects." PDXScholar, 1991. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4194.
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The purpose of this investigation was to examine the influence of three instructional conditions (encouraging, discouraging, and neutral) on eighteen aphasic adults' performance on a naming task. Each subject listened to each audiotaped instructional condition followed by a 20 picture naming task presented with a slide projector for a total of three tasks and 60 pictures. Subjects' mean scores were combined and averaged to derive a grand mean score for each instructional condition. A repeated measures analysis of variance was applied to determine if the differences were significant at the .01 level. No significant differences were found.
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Moquin, Paul. "Block Periodization Programming: Efficacy in Subjects of Differing Strength Levels." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2020. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/3813.
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Physiological muscle adaptations due to resistance training are still not fully known. The rate and area of hypertrophy could drastically help or hinder athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to observe the changes in lean body mass (and related factors), relative allometrically scaled strength and absolute strength through an 11-week block periodized resistance training program. The subjects (n = 15) realized an increase in total body water (pre = 49.77Kg; post = 51.70Kg), lean body mass (pre = 67.98Kg; post = 70.63Kg), adjusted lean body mass (pre = 20.35Kg; post = 21.03Kg) and cross sectional area (pre = 32.73 cm2; post = 36.33cm2). Subjects (n= 15) were divided into either a strong (1 RM ≥ 1.75x body weight), moderate (1 RM = ≥ 1.25-1.74x body weight), or weak (1 RM < 1.25x body weight) group and data were analyzed in pre-post training. While all subjects showed gains in LBM and related factors, initial strength levels altered these adaptations. Subjects with a lower initial maximum strength level tended to make greater gains. However, due to the increase in total body water and relatively small increases in adjusted LBM, it appears, among this group, that little myofibrillar hypertrophy occurred during this short training period. These data suggest that greater accuracy for measures of alterations in LBM and related factors may require measures of total body water.
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Lock, Wai-ki, and 陸偉基. "The effects of the guided reciprocal peer-questioning on the comprehension of social science subjects in secondary school." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B30277607.
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Gorton, Vicky. "Getting to know QM(s) : exploring the actor-networks of quantitative methods across higher education social science subjects." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2017. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/89014/.
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In the UK, the need for more quantitatively-skilled citizens and employees has been widely publicised. This skills deficit has prompted a wide range of policy initiatives and academic research into quantitative methods (QM(s)) learning-teaching across all levels of education. Although the academic literature has provided useful insights into the learning-teaching of QM(s), it has overlooked key questions concerning the character of QM(s) across Social Science disciplines and the role of non-human actors. This thesis begins to fill this gap in the literature by adopting Actor-Network Theory (ANT) to explore the learning-teaching of QM(s) within four Higher Education Social Science subjects. To investigate the actor-networks that QM(s) is comprised of, and located within, an assemblage of methods was used, including: semi-structured interviews, concept mapping, participant observation and document analysis. Together, these methods capture QM(s) across Harvey’s (2004) three spaces (abstract, relative, and relational), supplementing ANT’s own relational understanding of space(-time). Challenging the passive and singular framings of QM(s), presented within policy initiatives and the literature, here, QM(s) was found to be a character occupying multiple positions of agency, taught content, and locations on participants’ concept maps. Within the teaching-learning environments, the construction of QM(s) as linear, fixed and learnt through doing was translated by worksheets and correct answers, producing a characterisation of QM(s) as a passive, linear activity of completing tests. When placed within disciplinary actor-networks, QM(s) was identified as performing a variety of roles: providing patterns/trends; offering reliable answers and predictions; aiding theory testing; and assisting decision-making. However, these positionings were being challenged by new techniques, software, and learning-teaching environments. These findings imply that instead of a focus on differentiating QM(s) knowledge, to successfully integrate QM(s) with disciplinary knowledges attention should be given to QM(s’) link to data and theoretical positionings. Overall, this thesis provides an original contribution to knowledge through its adoption of ANT, a theory not before applied to QM(s) learning-teaching research. In doing this, it challenges common assumptions made within the literature to provide new insights into the character of QM(s) and the role of previously overshadowed non-human actors.
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Diebold, Thomas Joseph. "The effects of verbal and pictorial instructional formats on the comprehension of science concepts by hearing impaired subjects /." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487326511715889.
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Leavitt, Michael G. "mTOR Pathway Activation Following Resistance Exercise with Vibration in Human Subjects." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3772.
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Functional adaptations in human skeletal muscle following a period of resistance exercise are the result of regular activation of cellular signaling pathways that elevate muscle protein synthesis. It has been reported that the addition of whole body vibration (WBV) to a resistance exercise program enhances performance. Such improvements in muscle function may be the result of increased activation of cellular signaling pathways associated with muscle growth. Purpose: We have investigated whether an acute bout of resistance exercise in combination with WBV results in a greater activation of the mTOR signaling pathway compared to resistance exercise alone. Methods: Eight untrained college-age males (23 ± 2 yrs, 179 ± 1 cm, 75.0 ± 2.5 kg, and 12.6 ± 1.8% body fat) performed unilateral leg press exercises with (Vbx) and without (RT) vibration. Muscle samples were obtained from the vastus lateralis muscle pre-exercise (baseline) and one-hour following the bout of resistance exercise. Muscle tissue samples were analyzed for phosphorylated levels of mTOR, p70S6K, and 4E-BP1 proteins. Results: One-hour following the resistance exercise bout there were no differences between phosphorylated levels of mTOR or 4E-BP1 in Vbx or RT (p > 0.05). Levels of phosphorylated p70S6K were increased at the one-hour post-exercise time-point in both Vbx (baseline: 504 ± 286 OD; post: 5039 ± 2351 OD, p < 0.05) and RT (baseline: 356 ± 131 OD; post: 5430 ± 1218 OD, p < 0.05); however, there was no difference in protein phosphorylation levels between conditions (p > 0.05). Conclusion: Vibration does not augment acute activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in human skeletal muscle suggesting that performance benefits resulting from combining resistance exercise and vibration may not be the result of an enhanced cellular growth response.
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Forshaw, Mark. "Affectless subjects, atrocious bodies : thematics and history in fictions by Burroughs, Ballard and Gibson." Thesis, Keele University, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.391222.
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Coglianese, Mark J. "Effects of Vibration on Vertical and Joint Stiffness in Ankle Instability and Healthy Subjects." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3591.
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Some have suggested acute increases in musculotendinous stiffness (k) following whole body vibration (WBV). Others propose that chronic ankle instability (CAI) may alter k of the lower extremity. Changes in proprioceptive activity and/or gamma motoneuron activation post-WBV and/or due to CAI could lead to alterations in k. However, little is known about acute effects of WBV on k and less is known about changes in k with CAI. PURPOSE: Assess differences in vertical and joint k between healthy and CAI subjects during single-limb landings and detect alterations in k measures post-vibration. METHODS: Subjects were identified as CAI via the FAAM, MAII and special testing. Thirty-five CAI subjects (17 males, 18 females; age = 22 ± 7 yr; height = 1.73 ± 0.23 m; mass = 70 ± 30 kg) and 35 matched healthy subjects (17 males, 18 females; age = 23 ± 5 yr; height = 1.73 ± 0.21 m; mass = 70 ± 35 kg) qualified for this study. Kinetic (2000 Hz) and kinematic (250 Hz) data were recorded during several jump landings pre- and post-WBV. Five repetitions of WBV, at 26 Hz and 4 mm amplitude, were introduced between pre- and post-WBV jump trials. The jump task included a double-limb jump followed by a single-limb landing and a subsequent contralateral hop. Vertical k (∆vertical GRF/center of mass vertical displacement), hip, knee and ankle joint k (∆joint moment/∆joint angle) were calculated, averaged across five successful pre-WBV and across six post-WBV trials. An ANOVA was used to detect between-group differences, while an ANCOVA was used to analyze within-group differences post-WBV using pre-measures as covariates. A pseudo-Bonferroni adjustment was performed prior to statistical analysis (p < 0.01). RESULTS: No between-group differences were observed for any of the variables (F1,68 = 0.020 to 1.400, p = 0.240 to 0.890). A significant increase in vertical k was observed post-WBV for the healthy group (t67 = 2.760, p = 0.008), but not for the CAI group (t67 = 0.370, p = 0.720). The CAI group did demonstrate a decrease in ankle (t67 = -3.130, p = 0.003) and knee (t67 = -3.490, p = 0.001) joint k post-vibration. No other within-group differences were observed post-WBV (p > 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: It appears that WBV does acutely increase vertical k in healthy subjects. However, this treatment effect was not observed in CAI. Further research is needed to assess how k is regulated in CAI subjects and why CAI subjects responded differently to WBV.
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Hilts, Wade William. "Emulating Balance Control Observed in Human Test Subjects with a Neural Network." PDXScholar, 2018. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4499.
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Human balance control is a complex feedback system that must be adaptable and robust in an infinitely varying external environment. It is probable that there are many concurrent control loops occurring in the central nervous system that achieve stability for a variety of postural perturbations. Though many engineering models of human balance control have been tested, no models of how these controllers might operate within the nervous system have yet been developed. We have focused on building a model of a proprioceptive feedback loop with simulated neurons. The proprioceptive referenced portion of human balance control has been successfully modeled by a PD controller with a time delay and output torque positive feedback. For this model, angular position is measured at the ankle and corrective torque is applied about the joint to maintain a vertical orientation. In this paper, we construct a neural network that performs addition, subtraction, multiplication, differentiation and signal filtering to demonstrate that a simulated biological neural system based off of the engineering control model is capable of matching human test subject dynamics.
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Huang, John, and 黃約翰. "The relationship between participation level in extracurricular activities and academic achievement in science subjects in Hong Kongfifth form students." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1988. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31955770.
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Lavaly, A. "A study of the influence of selected variables on pupils' choice of science subjects in Sierra Leone secondary schools." Thesis, Keele University, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.355593.
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Dekenah, Ghabrielle Anne. "The development of a fall risk assessment and exercise intervention programme for geriatric subjects." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/71783.
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Thesis (M Sport Sc)--Stellenbosch University, 2012.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Falling is a common occurrence and one of the most serious problems in the elderly population (65 years and older). Falls account for 70% of accidental deaths in persons aged 75 years and older. Falls can be markers/indicators of poor health and declining function, and are often associated with significant morbidity. More than 90% of hip fractures occur as a result of falls, with most of these fractures occurring in persons over 70 years of age (Fuller, 2000). About one third of people aged 65 years and older fall each year, resulting in a substantial decrease in quality of life in addition to placing a huge burden on current health care systems. The purpose of this study was to determine whether a 12-week exercise intervention programme, consisting of two 30 minute exercise sessions a week, could lower the risk of falling in a group of elderly women. Female subjects (n=22) with an average age of 79.5 years were selected from three retirement homes situated in Stellenbosch, Western Cape, South Africa, according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria. The subjects included presented no major cardiovascular and pulmonary disease signs and symptoms as recognised by the American College of Sports Medicine (2011); had no serious illnesses or co-morbidities; were mobile with no significant musculoskeletal disorders; had no uncorrected visual or vestibular problems as well as no significant cognitive impairments or major psychological disturbances; were not taking any psychotropic medications or Benzodiazepines that could affect their progress. Subjects also had to be willing to follow the 12-week exercise intervention programme and sign an informed consent document. The selected subjects then underwent a pre- and post-intervention assessment consisting of a subjective rating of their fear of falling, the Fall Risk Assessment: Biodex Balance system, Balance Evaluations Systems Test (BESTest) and the 30-Second Chair Stand Test. Statistica 10 was used to analyse the data. Data was analysed to assess any significant improvements that the exercise intervention had on each fall risk variable tested. The main fall risk variables consisted of: fear of falling, muscular strength, balance, gait and getting up strategies. Statistically significant improvements (p<0.001) were seen in: Fear of falling, muscular strength, balance, gait and getting up strategies after the 12-week exercise intervention programme. This study suggests that exercise intervention has the potential to decrease the risk of falling among elderly women and should play an extremely important role in the prevention of falling amongst this population group.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Om te val is ‘n alledaagse gebeurtenis en een van die mees ernstige probleme vir ons bejaarde bevolking (65 jaar en ouer). Insidente van val verklaar tot 70% van toevallige sterftes met betrekking tot persone van 75 jarige ouderdom en ouer. Om te val kan ‘n teken van swak gesondheid en/of ‘n afname in funksionele kapasiteit wees, en is gewoonlik met morbiditeitspatrone gekoppel. Meer as 90% van heupfrakture kom as gevolg van valle voor, waar die meeste van die frakture in persone bo 70 jarige ouderdom voorkom (Fuller, 2000). Minstens een derde van persone bo 65 jaar en ouer val elke jaar, so ‘n val het ‘n noemenswaardige afname in lewenskwaliteit tot gevolg asook ‘n enorme druk wat op huidige gesondheidsorg sisteme geplaas word. Die doel van die studie was om te bepaal of ‘n 12 week oefenintervensieprogram, wat uit twee oefen sessies van 30 minute elk bestaan, die risiko van val vir n groep bejaarde vroue kan verlaag. Vroulike individue (n=22) met ‘n gemiddelde ouderdom van 79.5 jaar uit drie ouetehuise/aftree oorde in Stellenbosch, Wes-Kaap, Suid-Afrika geleë; is volgens bepaalde insluitings- en uitsluitingskriteria geselekteer. Individue wie ingesluit is het geen tekens of simptome van grootskaalse kardiovaskulêre of pulmonêre siekte getoon nie, soos herken deur die “American College of Sports Medicine (2011) ; het aan geen ernstige siektes of ko-morbiditeite gely nie; kon stap met geen merkwaardige muskulo-skeletale afwykings nie; het geen nie-gekorrigeerde visie of vestibulêre probleme asook geen beduidende kognitiewe gestremdhede of ernstige sielkundige steurnisse gehad nie; het nie enige psigotropiese medikasie of Benzodiazepines geneem wat hul kon beinvloed nie. Individue moes bereid gewees het om die 12 week oefenintervensieprogram te volg en moes ook ‘n ingeligte toestemmingsvorm onderteken. Die geselekteerde individue het ‘n pre- en post-intervensie assessering ondergaan wat uit ‘n subjektiewe bepaling van hul vrees vir val bestaan het, die Val Risiko Assessering asook “Biodex Balans System Test, Balance Evaluations Systems Test (BESTest)” asook die 30 Sekonde Stoel-staan Toets. Statistica 10 is gebruik om die data te analiseer. Data was geanaliseer om enige merkwaardige verandering wat die oefenintervensie op elke val risiko veranderlike wat getoets was gehad het, te bepaal. Die belangrikste val risiko veranderlikes het uit: die vrees vir val, spier sterkte, balans, stappatroon en opstaan tegnieke bestaan. Betekenisvolle statistiese veranderinge (p<0.001) is gerapporteer in: die vrees vir val, spiersterkte, balans, stappatroon en opstaan tegnieke na die 12 week oefenintervensieprogram. Die studie bevind dat die intervensieprogram die potensiaal het om die risiko van val onder bejaarde vroue te verminder en behoort ‘n uiters belangrike rol in die voorkoming van val onder die bevolkingsgroep te speel.
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Huang, John. "The relationship between participation level in extracurricular activities and academic achievement in science subjects in Hong Kong fifth form students." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1988. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B18035413.
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Son, Seong Jun. "Effects of TENS on Voluntary Quadriceps Activation and Vertical Ground Reaction Force During Walking in Subjects with Experimental Knee Pain." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2014. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5274.
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Context: Knee pain is a common symptom in knee pathology and is associated with alterations in quadriceps activation and movement patterns. Reducing pain through intervention may help reestablish neuromuscular function. The independent effects of knee pain are difficult to examine and unclear. Objective: To investigate the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on quadriceps activation and vertical ground reaction force (VGRF) during walking. Design: Crossover. Setting: Laboratory. Subjects: 15 in the TENS group (10M and 5F, 23.5 ± 2.8 yrs, 70.5 ± 12.5 kg, 178.1 ± 7.4 cm), and 15 in the sham group (10M and 5F, 22.5 ± 2.0 yrs, 72.1 ± 13.7 kg, 177.5 ± 9.3 cm). Interventions: Subjects underwent three experimental conditions (pain, sham, and control). Measurements were recorded across four time points (preinfusion, infusion, treatment, and posttreatment). Hypertonic or isotonic saline, respectively, was infused into the infrapatellar fat pad for 48 minutes (total 7.7 mL). The TENS group received a 20-minute treatment. A sham treatment was administered to the sham group. Main Outcome Measures: Perceived knee pain on a 10-cm visual analog scale, knee extension maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) normalized to body mass, knee extension central activation ratio (CAR), and VGRF. Results: Knee pain peaked at 4 cm during infusion and remained consistent across time in the sham group (F2,28 = 49.90, P < 0.0001), while knee pain gradually decreased to 1.5 cm following TENS treatment (F2,28 = 23.11, P < 0.0001). A group x condition x time interaction was detected for both the MVIC (F6,168 = 2.92, P < 0.01) and CAR (F6,168 = 3.03, P < 0.008) measurements. Post hoc analysis revealed that the infusion of hypertonic saline reduced knee extension MVIC by 29% in the TENS group, and by 26% in the sham group (P < 0.05). However, while the MVIC remained depressed by 26% following sham treatment, the MVIC was found to improve by 12% following TENS treatment (P < 0.05). Similarly, a 10% decrease in CAR was detected in both sham and TENS groups prior to treatment. This 10% deficit held, with a 9% deficit following sham treatment, while the deficit of CAR was improved by 4% following TENS treatment (P < 0.05). For the TENS group, infusion of hypertonic saline changed VGRF at initial loading, midstance, and push-off phase. VGRF was only different at initial loading and push-off phase following TENS treatment. For the sham group however, sham treatment did not restore VGRF, showing alterations in initial loading, midstance, and push-off phase (α = 0.05). Conclusions: Infusion of hypertonic saline increased perceived knee pain, reduced knee extension MVIC, reduced CAR, and altered VGRF over some of stance phase. TENS lessened the deficits in MVIC, CAR, and VGRF, suggesting decreased muscle inhibition and improved movement function.
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Reed, Stephen. "Synthesis and characterisation of novel glycosidase substrates and evaluation of applications in biomedical science." Thesis, Northumbria University, 2010. http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/1101/.
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The last fifty years has seen an increase in the production of synthetic or artificial enzyme substrates used to identify and quantify enzymes. These substrates have found applications in a range of biomedical science disciplines. Used in biochemistry and clinical chemistry to identify and measure enzymes, some of these substrates have been adapted for use in microbiology, particularly bacterial diagnosis and, in more recent years, molecular biology. The use of artificial chromogenic and fluorogenic enzyme substrates to identify certain bacteria is now common place in medical laboratories worldwide. Not all bacteria can be identified with existing and commercially available artificial substrates. Some of these can be slow to yield results, imprecise, expensive or require a technical method too complicated to provide a viable laboratory test. Therefore, the search for new, more efficient, biochemical tests has progressed, with novel substrates and inventive applications being developed continually. In this study, core compounds were synthesised by various condensation reactions and their characteristics evaluated with respect to colouration/fluorescence and possible enhancement of these properties by metal chelation. Promising candidates were selected for glycosidation, via modified Koenigs-Knorr reactions, in an attempt to synthesise artificial substrates. Several commercially available core molecules were also subjected to glycosidation. The more successful substrates included glycosides of alizarin, nitrosalicylaldehyde and 3- hydroxyflavone. The galactoside of nitrosalicylaldehyde was evaluated in solid agar media and found to be selective for certain Gram-negative bacteria. When similarly investigated, the 3- hydroxyflavone-β-D-glucoside showed the possibility of being used in a procedure for the isolation of the clinically significant pathogens including Listeria monocytogenes. The enzyme kinetics of β-glucosidase with this substrate were also determined in a novel fluorescence assay and compared favourably to the well documented 4-methylumbelliferyl-β-D-glucopyranoside. Alizarin-2-yl-β-D-galactoside and p-naphtholbenzein-β-D-galactoside were successfully utilized for the screening of recombinant and non-recombinant Escherichia coli transformants produced routinely in molecular biology. Aminopeptidase substrates have been shown to be useful for the detection of enzymes which hydrolyse peptides that are specific to certain bacteria. To allow the evaluation of novel aminopeptidase substrates, that were to be subsequently synthesised, a cost effective, large scale source of recombinant leucyl aminopeptidase enzyme was developed via gene cloning techniques. Consequently, the products of this study may serve a beneficial purpose in future enzymatic investigations, medical diagnosis and molecular biology.
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Acker, Leah C. (Leah Christine). "A distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAE) assessment of cochlear function in tinnitus subjects with normal hearing sensitivity." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53201.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 48-50).
Tinnitus, the perception of sound in the absence of an external acoustic source, disrupts the daily life of 1 out of every 200 adults, yet its physiological basis remains largely a mystery. While tinnitus and hearing loss (i.e., elevated pure tone thresholds) commonly co-occur, many people without hearing loss experience tinnitus, raising the question of whether cochlear pathology is always a prerequisite for this percept. This study used distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) to evaluate the cochlear amplifier of 13 tinnitus subjects and 13 non-tinnitus subjects (matched by age, sex, and audiogram) across a broad range of frequencies and intensities. DPOAE magnitudes were measured for at least 52 frequencies (500 Hz
S.M.
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Murnane, Owen D., J. K. Kelly, and B. Prieve. "Transient Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions in Normal Hearing and Hearing Impaired Subjects." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2001. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/1919.
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Loader, Paul. "The retreat from alienation in cognitive science." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2013. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/45317/.
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This thesis examines the relevance of Hegelian-Marxian theory to modern day philosophy of cognitive science. It is suggested that certain key Hegelian-Marxian ideas and themes, such as 'externalization', 'praxis' and 'dialectics', have parallels in modern day cognitive science and that, in some instances a direct connection can be traced from Marxian theory to recent cognitive science, via intermediaries such as Vygotsky, Merleau-Ponty and Levins & Lewontin. It is also suggested that the overarching trajectory of cognitive science is one that can be usefully understood in Marxian terms as a 'retreat from alienation.' Taking this as one's starting point enables one to unify otherwise disparate perspectives under a single banner. In addition it provides one with a means of evaluating individual accounts, such as Varela, Thompson and Rosch's 'Embodied Mind' and Clark and Chalmers' 'Extended Mind'. Conversely, some recent cognitive scientific accounts, such as Kirsh & Maglio's work on 'epistemic action', offer further illumination of ideas that are ambiguously expressed in Marxian theory.
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Goh, Zhong Sheng Jensen. "EFFECTS OF CURCUMIN AND FENUGREEK SOLUBLE FIBER SUPPLEMENTS ON SUBMAXIMAL AND MAXIMAL AEROBIC PERFORMANCE INDICES IN UNTRAINED COLLEGE-AGED SUBJECTS." UKnowledge, 2019. https://uknowledge.uky.edu/khp_etds/69.
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Submaximal exercise performance is, in part, limited by the accumulation of metabolic byproducts and energy system capacities. Curcumin and the combination of curcumin and fenugreek soluble fiber (CurQfen®) have been shown to increase endogenous antioxidants and metabolic byproduct clearance as well as reduce inflammation and lipid peroxidation, and therefore, may enhance submaximal aerobic thresholds. In addition, there is evidence that the galactomannan component of fenugreek, used to enhance bioavailability of curcumin, may also have potential physiological effects related to the up regulation of free fatty acid oxidation Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of curcumin and fenugreek soluble fiber supplementation on the ventilatory threshold (VT), respiratory compensation point (RCP), maximal oxygen consumption (O2 peak), and time to exhaustion (Tlim)derived from a graded exercise test (GXT). Forty-five untrained, college-aged, male (n = 24) and female (n = 21) subjects (mean age ± SD: 21.2 ± 2.5 yr) were randomly assigned to one of three supplementation groups; placebo (PLA, n=13), 500 mg·day-1 CurQfen® (CUR, n=14), or 300 mg·day-1 fenugreek soluble fiber (FEN, n=18). All of the subjects completed a maximal GXT on a cycle ergometer to determine the VT, RCP, O2 peak, and Tlim before (PRE) and after (POST) 28 days of daily supplementation. The VT and RCP were determined from the V-slope method for the ventilation (E)vs. O2 and E vs. CO2, respectively. Separate, one-way ANCOVAs were used to examine the between group differences for adjusted POST VT, RCP, O2 peak, and Tlim values, with the respective PRE test value as the covariate. The adjusted POST VT-O2 for the CUR (mean ± SD= 1.593 ± 0.157 L·min-1) and FEN (1.597 ± 0.157L·min-1) groups were greater than (p= 0.04 and p= 0.03, respectively) the PLA (1.465 ± 0.155L·min-1) group, but the FEN and CUR groups were not different (p = 0.94). The one-way ANCOVAs for RCP (F = 3.177, p = 0.052), O2 peak (F = 0.613, p = 0.547), and Tlim (F = 0.654, p = 0.525) indicated there were no significant differences among groups. These findings suggested that CurQfen® and/or fenugreek soluble fiber may improve submaximal, but not maximal, aerobic performance indices in untrained subjects.
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Redgård, Rickard. "The Threat Simulation Theory and Dream Content Analysis on Traumatized Subjects." Thesis, University of Skövde, School of Humanities and Informatics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-51.
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The present study set out to test some of the predictions made by the Threat Simulation Theory, which suggests an evolutionary source of dreaming (Revonsuo, 2000a). The qualitative content and frequency of threatening events in dreams were compared between traumatized Swedish subjects with experience of the tsunami-disaster in Southeast Asia in 2004 with Swedish subjects with no traumatic experiences. Only a few of the hypotheses were supported by the results. The results and unsupported hypotheses are discussed with focus on the Threat Simulation Theory, and alternative explanations are considered.
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Dandala, Siyolo Sebastian. "Factors contributing to senior secondary school learners' poor performance in science subjects in the Mount Frere Education District of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1008256.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the factors contributing to senior secondary school learners’ poor performance in science subjects in the Mount Frere Education District of the Eastern Cape Province, South Africa. The literature analyses critically the existing knowledge based on factors contributing to poor performance of learners in science subjects and those factors that impact on learners’ positive attitudes towards science subjects. The study also identified literature on the following: motivational levels of science learners, teaching and learning strategies used in teaching science subjects, medium of instruction in the teaching and learning of science subjects, parental involvement in children’s learning, effects of lack of instructional materials on learner performance and learners’ attitudes towards science subjects. The study also examined the views of learners, teachers, Head of Department of sciences, parents and principals on factors contributing to poor performance of senior secondary school learners inscience subjects. The population for the study comprised of all principals, science teachers, science Head of Department, parents and science learners of the twenty six (26) senior secondary schools in the Mount Frere Education District. The principals, science teachers, science Head of Departments, parents of science learners and science learners in seven (7) senior secondary schools that offered science subjects were used as a sample in this study. The study employed the mixed method of quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research designs used were the survey and the case study. The instruments used were the questionnaires in which closed-ended questions were used to secure information and the interviews where open ended questions were used to collect data. The questionnaire as an instrument got tested in the pilot study to investigate the validity and reliability and also to identify possible deficiencies so as to rectify them. The responses were analyzed and presented in percentages using the Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) in the quantitative approach method of data analysis and in the qualitative data analysis process the researcher read through the data and became familiar with it and then identified the main themes and the next step was to examine the data in-depth and to provide detail descriptions of the participants’ words. The researcher also categorised and coded the data and then grouped them into themes and finally, interpreted the organised data into conclusion. The findings revealed that there was a lack of parental involvement, shortage of instructional materials, shortage of school laboratories, shortage of qualified science teachers and the learners’ negative attitudes towards science subjects. Recommendations were made concerning the above findings.
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Eicher, Anton. "Active Shape Model Segmentation of Brain Structures in MR Images of Subjects with Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 2010. http://pubs.cs.uct.ac.za/archive/00000637/.
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Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) is the most common form of preventable mental retardation worldwide. This condition affects children whose mothers excessively consume alcohol whilst pregnant. FASD can be identied by physical and mental defects, such as stunted growth, facial deformities, cognitive impairment, and behavioural abnormalities. Magnetic Resonance Imaging provides a non-invasive means to study the neural correlates of FASD. One such approach aims to detect brain abnormalities through an assessment of volume and shape of sub-cortical structures on high-resolution MR images. Two brain structures of interest are the Caudate Nucleus and Hippocampus. Manual segmentation of these structures is time-consuming and subjective. We therefore present a method for automatically segmenting the Caudate Nucleus and Hippocampus from high-resolution MR images captured as part of an ongoing study into the neural correlates of FASD.
Our method incorporates an Active Shape Model (ASM), which is used to learn shape variation from manually segmented training data. A discrete Geometrically Deformable Model (GDM) is rst deformed to t the relevant structure in each training set. The vertices belonging to each GDM are then used as 3D landmark points - effectively generating point correspondence between training models. An ASM is then created from the landmark points. This ASM is only able to deform to t structures with similar shape to those found in the training data. There are many variations of the standard ASM technique - each suited to the segmentation of data with particular characteristics. Experiments were conducted on the image search phase of ASM segmentation, in order to find the technique best suited to segmentation of the research data. Various popular image search techniques were tested, including an edge detection method and a method based on grey prole Mahalanobis distance measurement.
A heuristic image search method, especially designed to target Caudate Nuclei and Hippocampi, was also developed and tested. This method was extended to include multisampling of voxel proles. ASM segmentation quality was evaluated according to various quantitative metrics, including: overlap, false positives, false negatives, mean squared distance and Hausdorff distance.
Results show that ASMs that use the heuristic image search technique, without multisampling, produce the most accurate segmentations. Mean overlap for segmentation of the various target structures ranged from 0.76 to 0.82. Mean squared distance ranged from 0.72 to 0.76 - indicating sub-1mm accuracy, on average. Mean Hausdorff distance ranged from 2:7mm to 3:1mm.
An ASM constructed using our heuristic technique will enable researchers to quickly, reliably, and automatically segment test data for use in the FASD study - thereby facilitating a better understanding of the eects of this unfortunate condition.
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Olajide, Olabode. "The role of school libraries in supporting an inquiry based approach for teaching and learning science subjects in senior secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria." University of Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7551.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe purpose of this study is to investigate the role of school libraries in supporting an inquiry based approach for teaching and learning science subjects in senior secondary schools in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The significance of this study revolves round the prominence given to science education being a mechanism for realising national advancement in Nigeria. This was emphasised in the Nigeria National Policy on Education (2013) as the Federal Government of Nigeria adopted science education as an instrument for effecting national development. This study addressed the following research questions: What is the status of secondary school libraries in Ekiti State, Nigeria? To what extent does the quality of library resources influence science curriculum implementation? To what extent do science teachers advocate using information resources beyond textbooks?
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Lameu, Paula Cristina. "Education ICT assemblage : encounters of discourses, emotions, affects, subjects, and their productive forces." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7629/.
Full textAbstract:
Information and Communication Technology (ICT) is part of everyday life. It is not different in the education field. However, its use has implications for what it means to teach and learn effectively in contemporary education. When ICT is used in the classroom, things happen through divergent forces, components, and mechanisms, according to different contexts, and evidencing a complex environment. The purpose of this study is to show how complex the use of ICT in education is by analysing different components and their productive forces. Assemblage ethnography is the methodology adopted and a range of data collection tools are used. The thesis explores five case studies generated from different settings: Primary, Secondary and Post-secondary education. The analysis offered shows how discourse, policy-making, budget, and CPD are not enough to account for all of the ICT-related situations that happen on a daily basis inside schools. ICT in education evidences a diverse and fragmented field of policy, money, and practice, pedagogy and many other elements. This study concludes that there are three main productive forces emerging from the education ICT assemblage which: evidenced unsolved issues of the schooling process, enhanced or made emotions emerge; opened possibilities for other subjectivities to happen.
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Thorne, Rochelle. "Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) as a language support strategy in a grade 8 natural sciences classroom." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020903.
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Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an innovative educational approach in which an additional language is used for the learning and teaching of both language and subject content. Content and Language Integrated Learning is not commonly used in South African classrooms, but its application internationally has been shown by empirical research to significantly improve overall language competence in the target language. Reports indicate increased learner motivation and support for the learning of the content subject. This study sought to consider whether CLIL intervention would improve both language and science skills amongst Grade 8 learners in a Natural Sciences classroom. The researcher used a concurrent embedded mixed method design, including both quantitative and qualitative methodologies to gather data. An experimental test design with English Home Language classes and Afrikaans Home Language classes was employed. Hypothesis Testing was used as a statistical analysis to compare the pre-test and post-test results in order to ascertain the impact of CLIL intervention. In addition, the poster-activity and an open-ended questionnaire was used to qualitatively ascertain the impact of CLIL on learner literacy skills. The results showed that CLIL intervention improved learner performance significantly when compared to learners who were not exposed to CLIL. In addition, CLIL lessons were perceived as effective and learners verified that the approach was beneficial to their learning process.
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Petro, Carrie A. "Eye Tracking Food Cues in Subjects who are Overweight/Obese, Weight Loss Maintainers, and Normal Weight." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2016. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1698.
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Adult obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Increasing success in weight loss maintenance will decrease the prevalence of overweight and obesity, and therefore help control the adverse health effects of excess weight. Much is known about the behavioral characteristics of successful long-term weight loss maintenance, but less is known about the cognitive processes behind weight loss maintenance. The purposes of this study were to (1) identify differences in visual attention to high-energy dense foods between individuals who are normal weight, weight loss maintainers, and overweight/obese in a high-risk (food-buffet) situation; (2) to evaluate differences in food choices from a food buffet between weight status groups; (3) to analyze correlations between food attention and food choice across weight status groups. No significant differences were found between groups with respect to food attention or food choice. Overall, findings from this study may have been limited by methodology, technology, and sample size. Future research is needed to better understand the interaction of cognitive processes and weight loss maintenance.
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See, Shiu-king Eric, and 施兆景. "The use of neural network analysis of PET-CT brain scan regional ¹⁸F-FDG metabolism in diagnosis and prognosis of dementia subjects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50712780.
Full textAbstract:
The elderly population (those aged 65 years or older) in Hong Kong is expected to increase from approximately 13% in 2009 to 28% by 2039. With this rapid growth of elders, it raises attention to prevent and treat chronic diseases of aging. Dementia is particularly concerned because the short term memory loss and other cognitive malfunctions lead to a loss of independent function that has a extensive impact on individuals, families, health and social welfare systems. Currently over 70,000 people endure dementia in Hong Kong and expect quadruple rises by 2036. In order to cope with these diseases, accurate diagnosis is very useful, particular at early stage when treatment outcomes are most effective.
Numerous studies have found that AD and other dementias could alter brain metabolism significantly. AD patients usually present the posterior cingulated and parietotemporal cortices hypometabolism and spread into the frontal lobes in advanced disease. In contrast, FTD patients show manifestly hypometabolism in the frontal and anterior temporal cortices, while DLB patients present hypometabolism in the posterior brain comprising primarily the parietoocipital regions. Theoretically, 18F-FDG PET scan can help in the early diagnosis of AD and other dementias by highlighting these decreased FDG uptake cortex regions before MRI or CT scans can detect any structural damage.
This is a retrospective chart review study. Patients who had received FDG brain PET-CT scan previously had their regional brain metabolism quantitated using a software call Cortex-ID and clinical laboratory tests. The study is
* To develop a Neural Network (NN) that can diagnose the various types of dementia using Brain PET-CT scan, testing accuracy of NN versus an expert and,
* To see if the NN can correlate with the clinical severity of the disease as reflected by MMSE score.
Finally, three neural networks have been designed and they all fulfill all the required specifications.published_or_final_version
Diagnostic Radiology
Master
Master of Medical Sciences
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Lauthers, Chad M. "The effects of stereoscopic technologies on subjects' ability to perform a Lego block construction task." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1143132334.
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