Relevant bibliographies by topics / Science Technology and Society (STS)

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Science Technology and Society (STS)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 11 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Science Technology and Society (STS)"

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Mansour, Nasser. "Science-Technology-Society (STS)." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 29, no. 4 (2009): 287–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0270467609336307.

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Mitcham, Carl, and Shali Mohleji. "Science, Technology, and Society: An Encyclopedia." Science & Technology Studies 19, no. 1 (2006): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.23987/sts.55206.

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Korolija, Jasminka, and Jelena Stanisic. "Sciences education for connecting science, technology and the society." Zbornik Instituta za pedagoska istrazivanja 41, no. 2 (2009): 461–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zipi0902461k.

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Connecting science, technology and the society is one of the important principles of contemporary education. The foundation of this principle is the idea that scientific and technological achievements should be useful and applicable in everyday life of an individual. The paper presents the main determinants of the STS project (Science, Technology and Society Project) which deals with studying the influence of scientific research and technological development on social, political and cultural values. The basic goal of education within the STS Project is to enable the students to understand and learn to incorporate the achievements of scientific and technological development in their own cultural, ecological, economic, political and social contexts. In addition to this, the paper presents the role of sciences in connecting science, technology and the society and describes the possibilities of incorporating a similar project in chemistry instruction in our school. Pilot study which was conducted refers to the proposal for applying the principles on which the STS project is based in chemistry instruction in our country. This pilot study can present the basis for future research and the guideline that can be used for promoting the process of education in primary and secondary school.
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Mansour, Nasser. "Science Teachers’ Perspectives on Science-Technology-Society (STS) in Science Education." International Journal of Physics & Chemistry Education 2, no. 2 (2010): 123–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51724/ijpce.v2i2.187.

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Research supports the idea that teachers are crucial change agents in educational reform and that teachers’ beliefs are precursors to change. This study investigates Egyptian science teachers’ beliefs about teaching and learning science through Science Technology and Society STS education. Data were collected using a questionnaire. The findings of this study suggest that the Egyptian science teachers hold mixed beliefs (constructivist and traditional) concerning science education goals, their roles and their students’ roles within teaching and learning science through STS and concerning teaching/learning science through STS. The findings shed light on the relationship between teachers’ beliefs and their practises. Lastly, the study revealed a number of factors that caused inconsistency between teachers’ beliefs and their practices.
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Dewi, Ni Putu Laksmi Cintya, and Sri Atun. "The Effect of Science Technology Society (STS) Learning On Students’ Science Process Skills." Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun 7, no. 1 (2019): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v7i1.288.

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This study aims to determine the effect of the application of Science Technology Society (STS) learning in high school students of class XI IPA. This research is a quasi-experimental research using posttest only design. The sample used is 64 students from Senior High School in Bantul district, Yogyakarta. Samples were obtained using purposive random sampling. Data were collected using posttest value to determine the effect of Science Technology Society (STS) learning and using Student Worksheet to know student ability. The data were analyzed by using ANOVA. The results showed that Science Technology Society (STS) study had significant effect, with a significance value 0,043 (p<0,05). Based on these studies, it can be concluded that the learning Science Technology Society (STS) influential in students’ science process skills.
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Bybee, Rodger W., and Nancy M. Landes. "The Science-Technology-Society (STS) Theme in Elementary School Science." Bulletin of Science, Technology & Society 8, no. 6 (1988): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/027046768800800604.

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Maienschein, Jane, John N. Parker, Manfred Laubichler, and Edward J. Hackett. "Data Management and Data Sharing in Science and Technology Studies." Science, Technology, & Human Values 44, no. 1 (2018): 143–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0162243918798906.

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This paper presents reports on discussions among an international group of science and technology studies (STS) scholars who convened at the US National Science Foundation (January 2015) to think about data sharing and open STS. The first report, which reflects discussions among members of the Society for Social Studies of Science (4S), relates the potential benefits of data sharing and open science for STS. The second report, which reflects discussions among scholars from many professional STS societies (i.e., European Association for the Study of Science and Technology [ EASST], 4S, Society for the History of Technology [ SHOT], History of Science Society [ HSS], and Philosophy of Science Association [ PSA]), focuses on practical and conceptual issues related to managing, storing, and curating STS data. As is the case for all reports of such open discussions, a scholar’s presence at the meeting does not necessarily mean that they agree with all aspects of the text to follow.
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Bettencourt, Cátia, José Lopes Velho, and Patrícia Albergaria Almeida. "Biology teachers’ perceptions about Science-Technology-Society (STS) education." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 15 (2011): 3148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.04.262.

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Vázquez-Alonso, Ángel, Antonio García-Carmona, María Antonia Manassero-Mas, and Antoni Bennàssar-Roig. "Spanish Secondary-School Science Teachers’ Beliefs About Science-Technology-Society (STS) Issues." Science & Education 22, no. 5 (2012): 1191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11191-012-9440-1.

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Johnson, Gordon. "USING SCIENCE/TECHNOLOGY/SOCIETY ISSUES TO ACHIEVE SCIENTIFIC LITERACY." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1182e—1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1182e.

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Enabling citizens to have meaningful participation in public discussions of issues interfacing science/technology and society (STS) has long been a goal of science education. Involving students in investigating issues may be the most effective way of insuring continued involvement as adults. Global, national, and local horticultural issues can provide concepts for learning relevant science concepts, process skills, and other outcomes. Selecting and designing investigations of horticulture issues include input from both students and teacher. Questions that get at scientific concepts, technological implications, and societal concerns related to the issue give direction and scope to the study. The questions and responses can be student initiated with teacher guidance. Students gain experience in examining and discussing societal issues, recognizing interdependence of STS, and learning relevant science as well. As a result, students perceive horticulture as having relevance to their concerns rather than as an isolated discipline,
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Science Technology and Society (STS)"

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Barron, Paul E. "The impact of a dedicated Science-Technology-Society (STS) course on student knowledge of STS content." Related electronic resource:, 2005. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.

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Makki, Nidaa. "A naturalistic inquiry into preservice teachers' experiences with science, technology, and society (STS) curricular approaches." [Kent, Ohio] : Kent State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=kent1216645974.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Kent State University, 2008.<br>Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 29, 2009). Advisor: Wendy Sherman Heckler. Keywords: Science-Technology-Society; STS; Pre-service Science Teachers; Socio-scientific Issues; Science and Society. Includes bibliographical references (p. 209-224).
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Wang, Chain-Wen. "A comparative analysis of perceptions of technology among doctoral students from selected science, technology, and society (STS) programs in the United States." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 2001. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=1835.

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Thesis (Ed. D.)--West Virginia University, 2001.<br>Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains ix, 145 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 125-130).
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Taylor, Beatrice Dietering. "A study of high school biology students engaged in a Science-Technology-Society (STS) landfill restoration project." Diss., Virginia Tech, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/37429.

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Skinner, Caroline. "Introducing STS Scholarship to the Gun Policy Debate in United States Society." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2017. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/1015.

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The following thesis will merge the field of legal studies with the field of Science, Technology, and Society, and will focus on issues surrounding the gun control debate. The goal is to ultimately bring new light to this hot- button legal topic through the use of STS scholarship. STS tools and theories, which have previously been absent from most gun control discussions, have much to contribute to the discourse in terms of motivating the need for gun control, fully understanding the user-gun relationship, breaking down misconceptions about the technology and its role in society, and further understanding the complex societal network within which guns exist in America. This will begin first with a discussion of the legal history and background of firearms in the United States, and will be followed by an STS analysis of technological agency and somnambulism as they can be applied to guns. Following this, the Actor Network in which firearms in America are imbedded will be explored, in order to better understand why they have been so difficult to regulate. Although this thesis will be heavily policy and law-focused, the aim is not to propose any specific new policy, but instead to use STS to conceptualize gun issues from a new perspective that will allow misconceptions and blockades to be confronted head-on.
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Wylie, Sara Ann. "Corporate bodies and chemical bonds : an STS analysis of natural gas development in the United States." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/69453.

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Thesis (Ph. D. in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS))--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Program in Science, Technology and Society, 2011.<br>Page 689 blank. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 652-688).<br>Natural gas extraction in the United States in the early 21st century has transformed social, physical, legal and biological landscapes. The technique of hydraulic fracturing, which entails the high-pressure injection into subsurface shale formations of synthetic chemical mixtures, has been viewed by the natural gas industry as a practice of great promise. But there is another side to the story. The first half of this dissertation explores an innovative scientific approach to studying the possible deleterious impacts on human health and the environment of the release of chemicals used in gas extraction. Via participant-observation within a small scientific advocacy organization, The Endocrine Disruption Exchange (TEDX), I follow the development of a database of chemicals used in natural gas extraction, a database that seeks to document not only what these chemicals are (many are proprietary), but also what sorts of bodily and ecological effects these substances may have. I analyze ethnographically how TEDX transformed an information vacuum around fracturing and generated fierce regional and national debates about the public health effects of this activity. The second portion of the dissertation expands TEDX's databasing methodology by reporting on a set of online user-generated databasing and mapping tools developed to interconnect communities encountering the corporate forces and chemical processes animating gas development. Shale gas extraction is an intensive technological practice and requires the delicate calibration of corporate, governmental, and legal apparatuses in order to proceed. The industry operates at county, state, and federal levels, and has in many instances been able to organize regulatory environments suited to rapid and lucrative gas extraction. In the midst of such multi-scalar deterritorializing forces, communities may have little legal or technical recourse if they think that they have been subject to chemical and corporate forces that undermine their financial, bodily, and social security. ExtrAct, a research group I co-founded and directed with artist and technologist Chris Csikszentmihalyi, sought to intervene in these processes by developing a suite of online mapping and databasing tools through which "gas patch" communities could share information, network, study and respond to industry activity across states. Using ExtrAct as an example this dissertation explores how social sciences and the academy at large can invest in developing research tools, methods, and programs designed for non-corporate ends, perhaps redressing in the process the informational and technical imbalances faced by communities dealing with large-scale multinational industries whose infrastructure and impacts are largely invisible to public scrutiny. The dissertation describes one potential method for such engaged scientific and social scientific research: an iterative, ethnographically informed process that I term "STS in Practice."<br>by Sara Ann Wylie.<br>Ph.D.in History, Anthropology, and Science, Technology and Society (HASTS
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Amirshokoohi, Aidin. "Impact of STS issue oriented instruction on pre-service elementary teachers' views and perceptions of Science, Technology, and Society." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3319925.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, School of Education, 2007.<br>Title from home page (viewed on May 11, 2009). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-08, Section: A, page: 3006. Adviser: Valarie L. Akerson.
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Mahoney, Chris Elaine. "Fifth grade students' perceptions of STS issues: An action research project to explore a process for identifying students' knowledge and understandings of science, technology, and society (STS) issues." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2001. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/2018.

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Hu, Jing. "Overseas Chinese students’ attitudes toward the role of China in the circumstance of global climate change." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema vatten i natur och samhälle, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-90449.

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Global climate change is becoming increasingly evident. There has been increased attention paid to the impact of human activity on climate. As a rising power, China’s energy needs to fuel its rapid economic growth with the resulting potential impacts of climate change presents an enormous climate policy dilemma not only for China but also for the entire world. The role of China is an issue of perennial concerns at the international climate change negotiation: its energy saving, emission reduction and clean production reflect China’s dual objectives about sustainable development and efforts on international legal obligations.Education abroad is an integral part of China’s development strategy. The abroad Chinese students who possess the knowledge, technologies skills and ideas, as well as information are playing an important role to assist China retain or increase its competitive advantage. The aim of this paper is to analyze the abroad Chinese students’ opinion on China’s role under the circumstance of global climate change, with main focus on three aspects: Energy consumption and environment situation in China; Several current domestic policies regarding problems of climate change and energy consumption in China; Issues facing the country on its road map to future mitigation action regarding climate change.Alongside the interviews carried out within ten overseas Chinese students, using the social science of Science, Technology and Society (STS) especially its public understanding of Science and Technology as the theoretical perspective, this thesis is exploring the interviewees’ attitudes toward current China’s climate change related issues from a deeper sense of human, culture and public perspective.
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Abu-Shaqra, Baha. "Technoethics and Sensemaking: Risk Assessment and Knowledge Management of Ethical Hacking in a Sociotechnical Society." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/40393.

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Cyber attacks by domestic and foreign threat actors are increasing in frequency and sophistication. Cyber adversaries exploit a cybersecurity skill/knowledge gap and an open society, undermining the information security/privacy of citizens and businesses and eroding trust in governments, thus threatening social and political stability. The use of open digital hacking technologies in ethical hacking in higher education and within broader society raises ethical, technical, social, and political challenges for liberal democracies. Programs teaching ethical hacking in higher education are steadily growing but there is a concern that teaching students hacking skills increases crime risk to society by drawing students toward criminal acts. A cybersecurity skill gap undermines the security/viability of business and government institutions. The thesis presents an examination of opportunities and risks involved in using AI powered intelligence gathering/surveillance technologies in ethical hacking teaching practices in Canada. Taking a qualitative exploratory case study approach, technoethical inquiry theory (Bunge-Luppicini) and Weick’s sensemaking model were applied as a sociotechnical theory (STEI-KW) to explore ethical hacking teaching practices in two Canadian universities. In-depth interviews with ethical hacking university experts, industry practitioners, and policy experts, and a document review were conducted. Findings pointed to a skill/knowledge gap in ethical hacking literature regarding the meanings, ethics, values, skills/knowledge, roles and responsibilities, and practices of ethical hacking and ethical hackers which underlies an identity and legitimacy crisis for professional ethical hacking practitioners; and a Teaching vs Practice cybersecurity skill gap in ethical hacking curricula. Two main S&T innovation risk mitigation initiatives were explored: An OSINT Analyst cybersecurity role and associated body of knowledge foundation framework as an interdisciplinary research area, and a networked centre of excellence of ethical hacking communities of practice as a knowledge management and governance/policy innovation approach focusing on the systematization and standardization of an ethical hacking body of knowledge.
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Books on the topic "Science Technology and Society (STS)"

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Hairida. Laporan penelitian penerapan pendekatan mengajar STS (science, technology, and society) yang didasari konstruktivisme dalam pengajaran kimia di SMU. Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan, Universitas Tanjungpura, 2002.

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McGinn, Robert E. Science, technology, and society. Prentice Hall, 1991.

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National, Seminar on "Science Technology and Society" (2006 National Institute of Advanced Studies). Science, technology, and society. Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2009.

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National Seminar on "Science, Technology, and Society" (2006 National Institute of Advanced Studies). Science, technology, and society. Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2009.

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National Seminar on "Science, Technology, and Society" (2006 National Institute of Advanced Studies). Science, technology, and society. Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2009.

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Webster, Andrew. Science, Technology and Society. Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-21875-2.

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Kumar, David D., and Daryl E. Chubin, eds. Science, Technology, and Society. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3992-2.

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National Seminar on "Science, Technology, and Society" (2006 National Institute of Advanced Studies). Science, technology, and society. Indian Institute of Advanced Study, 2009.

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Teaching science, technology, and society. Open University Press, 1993.

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Joan, Solomon. Teaching science, technology and society. Open University Press, 1992.

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Book chapters on the topic "Science Technology and Society (STS)"

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Pedretti, Erminia, and Joanne Nazir. "Science, Technology and Society (STS)." In Encyclopedia of Science Education. Springer Netherlands, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2150-0_177.

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Pedretti, Erminia, and Joanne Nazir. "Science, Technology and Society (STS)." In Encyclopedia of Science Education. Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6165-0_177-1.

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Hauger, J. Scott. "STS Education for Knowledge Professionals." In Science, Technology, and Society. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3992-2_10.

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Aikenhead, Glen S. "STS Science in Canada From Policy to Student Evaluation." In Science, Technology, and Society. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3992-2_4.

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Altschuld, James W., and David Devraj Kumar. "Thoughts about the Evaluation of STS More Questions than Answers." In Science, Technology, and Society. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3992-2_6.

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Rye, James A., and Peter A. Rubba. "Student Understanding of Global Warming Implications for STS Education beyond 20001." In Science, Technology, and Society. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3992-2_9.

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Cheek, Dennis W. "Marginalization of Technology within the STS Movement in American K-12 Education." In Science, Technology, and Society. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3992-2_8.

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DeFalco, Julie C. "Trade-offs, Risks, and Regulations in Science and Technology Implications for STS Education." In Science, Technology, and Society. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3992-2_5.

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Banks, Frank. "“Technology, Design, and Society” (TDS) versus “Science, Technology, and Society” (STS): Learning Some Lessons." In Defining Technological Literacy. Palgrave Macmillan US, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781403983053_14.

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Roy, Rustum. "Real Science Education: Replacing “PCB” with S(cience) through STS throughout All Levels of K-12 “Materials” as One Approach." In Science, Technology, and Society. Springer Netherlands, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3992-2_2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Science Technology and Society (STS)"

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Fartiwi, Rahmi, M. Adlim, and Cut Nurmaliah. "Science, Technology, and Society (STS) Learning in Senior High School Chemistry Class." In Proceeding of the First International Graduate Conference (IGC) On Innovation, Creativity, Digital, & Technopreneurship for Sustainable Development in Conjunction with The 6th Roundtable for Indonesian Entrepreneurship Educators 2018 Universitas Syiah Kuala October, 3-5, 2018 Banda Aceh, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.3-10-2018.2284370.

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Putri, Dwi Rahmi, Leny Yuanita, and Bambang Sugiarto. "Enhacing Mastery Of Students’ Concept Through Science Technology Society (STS) Approach On Chemical Equilibrium." In Proceedings of the National Seminar on Chemistry 2019 (SNK-19). Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/snk-19.2019.29.

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Luengam, Piyanuch, Jiraporn Tupsai, and Chokchai Yuenyong. "Grade 7 students’ normative decision making in science learning about global warming through science technology and society (STS) approach." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR SCIENCE EDUCATORS AND TEACHERS (ISET) 2017: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference for Science Educators and Teachers (ISET) 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5019550.

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Alves, Felipe Fabian, and Thais Castro. "The Impact of Science, Technology and Society (STS) Perspective in Biology Learning in Secondary Technological Institute." In 2019 IEEE 19th International Conference on Advanced Learning Technologies (ICALT). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icalt.2019.00076.

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DeWaters, Jan, Jessica Halfacre, John Moosbrugger, Elisabeth Chapman, and Elisabeth Wultsch. "Enhancing the experience of first-year engineering students with an entry-level STS course: Science-technology-society." In 2015 IEEE Frontiers in Education Conference (FIE). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fie.2015.7344285.

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Chitnork, Amporn, and Chokchai Yuenyong. "Grade 10 Thai students’ scientific argumentation in learning about electric field through science, technology, and society (STS) approach." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR SCIENCE EDUCATORS AND TEACHERS (ISET) 2017: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference for Science Educators and Teachers (ISET) 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5019504.

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Suci, Putri Islamiah, and Dwi Hilda Putri. "The Development of Microbiology Textbook on the Microorganism Classification Subject for Biology Students of Universitas Negeri Padang Using Science Technology Society (STS) Approach." In International Conference on Biology, Sciences and Education (ICoBioSE 2019). Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.200807.040.

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Boonprasert, Lapisarin, Jiraporn Tupsai, and Chokchai Yuenyong. "Grade 8 students’ capability of analytical thinking and attitude toward science through teaching and learning about soil and its’ pollution based on science technology and society (STS) approach." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE FOR SCIENCE EDUCATORS AND TEACHERS (ISET) 2017: Proceedings of the 5th International Conference for Science Educators and Teachers (ISET) 2017. Author(s), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5019561.

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Marcante Lati Cerutti, Diolete, and Albino Szesz Junior. "Abordagem CTS e IHC: A importância das cores no design de interfaces de software." In XVII Simpósio Brasileiro de Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação (SBC), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/ihc.2018.4207.

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This article describes a teaching experience by using STS (Science, Technology and Society) approach in the HCI (Human-Computer Interaction). The experience was carried out in classes about the use of colors in interface design. It aimed at observing students´ perceptions about the use of STS approach in HCI and its impacts on the course of Project of Information Systems. The methodology used in the experiment was to organize the content (colors and STS) within a didactic sequence of six classes. In this sequence, class themes, pedagogical strategies, aims and content were defined. Results showed more interaction between students and lecture in HCI and more students’ interest on using an appropriated code of colors in interface design in the course of Project of Information Systems. It was concluded that engaging methodologies such as STS approach are important and can impact positively for teaching-learning process of students in Software Engineering.
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Dick, Michael. "Web Science and society: Towards a theoretical foundation for an emerging field of study." In 2009 IEEE Toronto International Conference - Science and Technology for Humanity (TIC-STH 2009). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tic-sth.2009.5444372.

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Reports on the topic "Science Technology and Society (STS)"

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Biegelbauer, Peter, Christian Hartmann, Wolfgang Polt, Anna Wang, and Matthias Weber. Mission-Oriented Innovation Policies in Austria – a case study for the OECD. JOANNEUM RESEARCH Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2020.493.

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In recent years, mission-oriented approaches have received growing interest in science, technology and innovation (STI) policies against the background of two developments. First, while so-called “horizontal” or “generic” approaches to research, technology and innovation policies have largely been successful in improving the general innovation performance or the rate of innovation, there are perceived limitations in terms of insufficiently addressing the direction of technological change and innovation. Second, “grand societal challenges” emerged on policy agendas, such as climate change, security, food and energy supply or ageing populations, which call for thematic orientation and the targeting of research and innovation efforts. In addition, the apparent success of some mission-oriented initiatives in countries like China, South Korea, and the United States in boosting technological development for purposes of strengthening competitiveness contributed to boosting the interest in targeted and directional government interventions in STI. Against the backdrop of this renewed interest in mission-oriented STI policy, the OECD has addressed the growing importance of this topic and launched a project looking into current experiences with Mission-Oriented Innovation Policy (MOIP). The present study on MOIP in Austria was commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Climate Action, Energy, Mobility, Environment, Innovation and Technologiy (BMK) and comprises the Austrian contributions to this OECD project. The study aims at contributing Austrian experiences to the international debate and to stimulate a national debate on MOIP.
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Kofler, Jakob, Elisabeth Nindl, Dorothea Sturn, and Magdalena Wailzer. Participatory Approaches in Research, Technology and Innovation (RTI) Policy and their Potential Impact. Fteval - Austrian Platform for Research and Technology Policy Evaluation, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2021.518.

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The present article reviews various concepts of participatory science and research and discusses their potential to exhibit impact on the relationship between science and society. Starting with an overview of rationales, concepts and challenges, different forms and intensities of participatory approaches in research and innovation are discussed. We then look at the situation in Austria and sort selected Austrian funding programmes and initiatives into a diagram according to the intensity of participation as well as the social groups involved in each case. Finally, we try to gain more precise indications of the impact of participatory programmes on the relationship between science and society. Many questions remain unanswered, as precise analyses and evaluation results are usually lacking. While different surveys provide insights into society’s level of information on a general level, interest, involvement and attitude towards science and research, approaches for impact assessment are fragmented and remain on the surface. We therefore propose to develop an analytical framework based on existing approaches and to include collaboratively developed indicators in it.
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Phinisee, Eri, Autumn Toney, and Melissa Flagg. AI and Industry: Postings and Media Portrayals. Center for Security and Emerging Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.51593/20200059.

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Artificial intelligence is said to be transforming the global economy and society in what some dub the “fourth industrial revolution.” This data brief analyzes media representations of AI and the alignments, or misalignments, with job postings that include the AI-related skills needed to make AI a practical reality. This potential distortion is important as the U.S. Congress places an increasing emphasis on AI. If government funds are shifted away from other areas of science and technology, based partly on the representations that leaders and the public are exposed to in the media, it is important to understand how those representations align with real jobs across the country.
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Downes, Jane, ed. Chalcolithic and Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report. Society for Antiquaries of Scotland, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.184.

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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under five key headings:  Building the Scottish Bronze Age: Narratives should be developed to account for the regional and chronological trends and diversity within Scotland at this time. A chronology Bronze Age Scotland: ScARF Panel Report iv based upon Scottish as well as external evidence, combining absolute dating (and the statistical modelling thereof) with re-examined typologies based on a variety of sources – material cultural, funerary, settlement, and environmental evidence – is required to construct a robust and up to date framework for advancing research.  Bronze Age people: How society was structured and demographic questions need to be imaginatively addressed including the degree of mobility (both short and long-distance communication), hierarchy, and the nature of the ‘family’ and the ‘individual’. A range of data and methodologies need to be employed in answering these questions, including harnessing experimental archaeology systematically to inform archaeologists of the practicalities of daily life, work and craft practices.  Environmental evidence and climate impact: The opportunity to study the effects of climatic and environmental change on past society is an important feature of this period, as both palaeoenvironmental and archaeological data can be of suitable chronological and spatial resolution to be compared. Palaeoenvironmental work should be more effectively integrated within Bronze Age research, and inter-disciplinary approaches promoted at all stages of research and project design. This should be a two-way process, with environmental science contributing to interpretation of prehistoric societies, and in turn, the value of archaeological data to broader palaeoenvironmental debates emphasised. Through effective collaboration questions such as the nature of settlement and land-use and how people coped with environmental and climate change can be addressed.  Artefacts in Context: The Scottish Chalcolithic and Bronze Age provide good evidence for resource exploitation and the use, manufacture and development of technology, with particularly rich evidence for manufacture. Research into these topics requires the application of innovative approaches in combination. This could include biographical approaches to artefacts or places, ethnographic perspectives, and scientific analysis of artefact composition. In order to achieve this there is a need for data collation, robust and sustainable databases and a review of the categories of data.  Wider Worlds: Research into the Scottish Bronze Age has a considerable amount to offer other European pasts, with a rich archaeological data set that includes intact settlement deposits, burials and metalwork of every stage of development that has been the subject of a long history of study. Research should operate over different scales of analysis, tracing connections and developments from the local and regional, to the international context. In this way, Scottish Bronze Age studies can contribute to broader questions relating both to the Bronze Age and to human society in general.
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Aiginger, Karl, Andreas Reinstaller, Michael Böheim, et al. Evaluation of Government Funding in RTDI from a Systems Perspective in Austria. Synthesis Report. WIFO, Austria, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.22163/fteval.2009.504.

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In the spring of 2008, WIFO, KMU Forschung Austria, Prognos AG in Germany and convelop were jointly commissioned by the Austrian Federal Ministry for Transport, Innovation and Technology and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Economy, Family and Youth to perform a systems evaluation of the country's research promotion and funding activities. Based on their findings, six recommendations were developed for a change in Austrian RTDI policy as outlined below: 1. to move from a narrow to a broader approach in RTDI policy (links to education policy, consideration of the framework for innovation such as competition, international perspectives and mobility); 2. to move from an imitation to a frontrunner strategy (striving for excellence and market leadership in niche and high-quality segments, increasing market shares in advanced sectors and technology fields, and operating in segments of relevance for society); 3. to move from a fragmented approach to public intervention to a more coordinated and consistent approach(explicit economic goals, internal and external challenges and reasoning for public intervention); 4. to move from a multiplicity of narrowly defined funding programmes to a flexible, dynamic policy that uses a broader definition of its tasks and priorities (key technology and research segments as priority-action fields, adequate financing of clusters and centres of excellence); 5. to move from an unclear to a precisely defined allocation of responsibilities between ministries and other players in the field (high-ranking steering group at government level, monitoring by a Science, Research and Innovation Council); 6. to move from red-tape-bound to a modern management of public intervention (institutional separation between ministries formulating policies and agencies executing them, e.g., by "progressive autonomy").
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Exploring the Prospects of Using 3D Printing Technology in the South African Human Settlements. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2021/0074.

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South Africa is a country with significant socio-economic development challenges, with the majority of South Africans having limited or non-existent access to basic infrastructure, services, housing and socio-economic opportunities etc. The urban housing backlog currently exceeds 2.4 million houses, with many families living in informal settlements. The Breaking New Grounds Policy, 2014 for the creation of sustainable human settlements, acknowledges the challenges facing human settlements, such as, decreasing human settlements grants allocation, increasing housing backlog, mushrooming of informal settlements and urbanisation. The White Paper on Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), 2019 notes that South Africa has not yet fully benefited from the potential of STI in addressing the socio-economic challenges and seeks to support the circular economy principles which entail a systematic change of moving to a zero or low waste resource-efficient society. Further to this, the Science and Technology Roadmap’s intention is to unlock the potential of South Africa’s human settlements for a decent standard of living through the smart uptake of science, technology and innovation. One such novel technology is the Three-Dimensional (3D) printing technology, which has produced numerous incredible structures around the world. 3D printing is a computer-controlled industrial manufacturing process which encompasses additive means of production to create 3D shapes. The effects of such a technology have a potential to change the world we live in and could subsequently pave the roadmap to improve on housing delivery and reduce the negative effects of conventional construction methods on the environment. To this end, the Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), in partnership with the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI) and the University of Johannesburg (UJ) hosted the second virtual IID seminar titled: Exploring the Prospects of Using 3D Printing Technology in the South African Human Settlements, on 01 March 2021 to explore the potential use of 3D printing technology in human settlements. The webinar presented preliminary findings from a study conducted by UJ, addressing the following topics: 1. The viability of 3D printing technology 2. Cost comparison of 3D printed house to conventional construction 3. Preliminary perceptions on 3D printing of houses Speakers included: Dr Jennifer Mirembe (NDoHS), Dr Jeffrey Mahachi, Mr Refilwe Lediga, Mr Khululekani Ntakana and Dr Luxien Ariyan, all from UJ. There was a unanimous consensus that collaborative efforts from all stakeholders are key to take advantage of this niche technology. @ASSAf_Official; @dsigovza; @go2uj; @The_DHS; #SA 3D_Printing; #3D Print_Housing; #IID
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Building Profitable and Sustainable Community Owned Connectivity Networks. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0065.

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The IID seminar titled “Building Profitable and Sustainable Community Owned Connectivity Networks”, was hosted on 31 August 2020 on Zoom Webinar. The 2019 White Paper on science, technology and innovation (STI) recognise the pivotal enabling role of information and communication technologies (ICTs) in realising an inclusive and prosperous information society and knowledge economy. One of the Department of Science and Innovation (DSI)’s key role is to catalyse the digital ecosystem and develop scalable models for community owned connectivity networks to replicate in other areas. Rural areas provide challenging environment to implement communication infrastructure for data and Internet based services, including high cost of network implementation and lack of customer base, low-income streams, highly scattered and low population density. The DSI has thus partnered with the University of Western Cape (UWC), the Mankosi Village community, with support from the Technology Innovation Agency (TIA) to scaleup the Zenzeleni Community Owned Connectivity Networks (COCN). The Zenzeleni COCN has been in existence since 2012 and provides timely, reliable and affordable Wi-Fi connectivity to the remote rural areas of Mankosi and Zithulele in Mthatha. The webinar, facilitated by Ms Ellen Fischat from Story Room aimed to look at how rural and township wireless connectivity models, including Zenzeleni COCN can be scaled-up to increase the number of people connected in the rural settings, more so in light of the COVID-19 crisis. It is evident from the proceedings the need for community networks to provide access to connectivity and also more importantly, what connectivity enables. Subsequent discussions would need to focus on the users and owners of these community networks to understand how their lives have improved through the deployment of the technology. This will shed light of the financial feasibility and benefit.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.

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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&amp;D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&amp;D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&amp;D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&amp;D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.
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CONSENSUS STUDY ON THE STATE OF THE HUMANITIES IN SOUTH AFRICA: STATUS, PROSPECTS AND STRATEGIES. Academy of Science of South Africa, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2016/0025.

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The purpose of this study was to provide evidence-based advice on the status and future role of the Humanities in South Africa to government and other stakeholders (such as science councils, the department of education, universities) as a contribution towards improving the human condition. Everywhere, the Humanities is judged by many to be in “crisis.” The reasons for this, in South Africa, include the governmental emphasis on science and technology; the political emphasis on the economically-grounded idea of “developmentalism;” the shift of values among youth (and their parents) towards practical employment and financial gain; and the argument that the challenges faced by our society are so urgent and immediate that the reflective and critical modes of thinking favoured in the Humanities seem to be unaffordable luxuries. The Report provides invaluable detail about the challenges and opportunities associated with tapping the many pools of excellence that exist in the country. It should be used as a guideline for policymakers to do something concrete to improve the circumstances faced by the Humanities, not only in South Africa but also around the world. Amongst other recommendations, the Report calls for the establishment of a Council for the Humanities to advise government on how to improve the status and standing of the Humanities in South Africa. It also calls for initiation, through the leadership of the Department of Basic Education, considered measures to boost knowledge of and positive choices for the Humanities throughout the twelve years of schooling, including progressive ways of privileging the Arts, History and Languages in the school curriculum through Grade 12.
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