Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Sciences sociales – Méthodologie – États-Unis'
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Penna, Maria-Teresa. "L'archéologie historique aux Etats-Unis." Paris 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA010641.
Full textIn the United States, historical archaeology is one of the fastest growing disciplines in the field of archaeology. From its origins in the early twentieth century with the reconstruction and restoration of historical sites associated with the founding fathers, historical archaeology has expanded its perspectives to encompass archaeological investigations of all strata of American society. The development of the discipline over the past thirty years is a mirror of the transformations which have taken place in American society. The manner in which historical archaeology reflects and contributes to the American identity is explored
Lusinchi, Dominic. "La statistique appliquée : usage et signification dans les sciences sociales : essai de recherche méthodologique basé sur des études de cas aux États-Unis." Paris 8, 2008. http://octaviana.fr/document/137824084#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textThis study examines the statistical tools available to social science practitioners. The last 30 years have witnessed a considerable development in statistical techniques, both numerical and graphical. This is in large part a result of the application of statistical methods to an ever increasing number of fields, and also of the emergence, barely 20 years ago, of the personal computer. Using real data from surveys and other studies conducted in the U. S. , this research will show how important problems that arise in empirical data can be tackled by relying on well-known as well as relatively recent statistical techniques. Applied statistics is not simply an array of procedures; it is above all a way of thinking about empirical data, specifically how to discriminate between real and chance effects. This research endeavors to show that the role of applied statistics is to reveal both the meaning of the data and their limitations. The application of statistical methods to empirical data can often act as a catalyst to stimulate the sociological imagination
Li, Vigni Guido Fabrizio. "Les systèmes complexes et la digitalisation des sciences. Histoire et sociologie des instituts de la complexité aux États-Unis et en France." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEH134/document.
Full textHow to think the relationship between contemporary scientific cultures and the rising usage of computer in the production of knowledge ? This thesis offers to give an answer to such a question, by analyzing historically and sociologically a scientific domain founded by the Santa Fe Institute (SFI) in the 1980s in the United States : the « complex systems sciences » (CSS). Become well-known thanks to popular books and articles, CSS have spread in Europe and in other countries of the world in the course of the 1990s and the 2000s. This work proposes a history of the foundation of this domain, by focussing on the SFI and on the French Complex Systems National Network. With a sociological take rooted into Science & Technology Studies and into pragmatism, it then asks some questions about the socio-epistemic status of such a domain, about the modalities of production of evidence as they are employed in the context of digital simulation and, finally, about the epistemic engagements hold by complexity specialists. Empirical material – composed by circa 200 interviews, several thousands archival pages and a small number of laboratory visits – allows us not only to improve knowledge about this field – whose language is very common today, but little studied by historians and sociologists ; it also brings us to question three current opinions in the human and social sciences literature regarding digital sciences. That is : 1) that the computer produces more and more interdisciplinary knowledge, 2) that it gives birth to a new type of knowledge which needs an entirely new epistemology to be well understood and 3) that it inevitably brings about neoliberal visions of the world. Now, this thesis deconstructs these three forms of technological determinism concerning the effects of computer on scientific practices, by showing firstly that, in digital sciences, the interdisciplinary collaborations are not made without any effort and in a symetrical and pacific way ; secondly, that CSS’ researchers mobilize a kind of evidence production techniques which are well known in other disciplines ; and, thirdly, that scientists’ epistemic engagements can take (neo)liberal forms, but also other forms that depart from neoliberalism or that stand against it
Grousset-Charrière, Stéphanie. "La socialisation élitaire des étudiants aux États-Unis : le cas des Final Clubs, sociétés secrètes de Harvard." Toulouse 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOU20056.
Full textGanne, Yannick. "L'ouverture du droit aux sciences sociales : contribution à l'étude du droit savant américain contemporain." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAA006.
Full textIn the United States, the vitality of the interdisciplinary legal movements (Empirical Legal Studies, Law & Economics, Law & Society, New Legal Realism) shows that boundaries between legalscholarship and other fields of knowledge are more flexible than in France. This study questions the use of social sciences (economics, political science, sociology, etc.) methods and techniques by American legal scholars. More precisely, it is about the institutionalization of this research practice, which occurred through the legitimization, the anchoring, and the diffusion of social sciences in the field of legal scholarship. By way of studying this phenomenon, this dissertation is about the structure of the field of legal knowledge itself. The use of social sciences in law, at first defiant, established itself gradually, supported by the institutional and intellectual features of the field
Coppolani, Antoine. "Gouverner la Californie : l'expérience du libéralisme responsable : 1958-1966." Paris 3, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA030152.
Full textA study of liberal democratic public policies in california from 1958 through 1966. The edmund g. "pat" brown gubernatorial era took place just before ronald reagan's rise to power and his election as governor of california in 1966
Marielle, Wastable. "Les États-Unis au lycée (1905-2004). Généalogie de la géographie des États-Unis en classe de terminale en France." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691557.
Full textWastable, Marielle. "Les États-Unis au lycée (1905-2004) : généalogie de la géographie des États-Unis en classe de terminale en France." Paris 1, 2011. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691557.
Full textVeroni, Lisa. "L'émergence du conservatisme noir contemporain : idéologies et élites politique afro-américaine : de l'unité à la diversité ?(1972-2002)." Bordeaux 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005BOR30069.
Full textThe purpose of this dissertation is to study the emergence of contemporary black conservatism, an African American political ideology which stands as an alternative to the liberal integrationism of the established black leadership. This leadership is ideologically, strategically & politically united. Existing essays generally ignore or misinterpret the meaning of black conservatism. We were interested in studying, from a sociopolitical perspective, its principles & characteristics, as well as the aims of its partisans. Black conservatives have indeed launched an attack on the African American political elite and tried to form an alliance with the Republican Party. We then conducted an empirical analysis of the impact of this ideology on African Americans, as well as on the political elite, in order to understand their political influence. Finally we studied the relationship between them, the elite, and parties. Black conservatism has modified the relationship between African Americans and their political elite, and even though the successes of its advocates are rare, it has transformed the African American political landscape. The political elite is today under a severe crisis worsened by its frustrated renewal efforts and a hostile political context. Fluctuating between unity and diversity, it is in a state of transition which might lead to its disappearance or bring about its regeneration
Marzouki, Nadia. "L'islam introuvable : la construction de l'objet islam par les sciences sociales et l'expertise publique en France et aux Etats-Unis (depuis la fin du XIXe siècle)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0036.
Full textThis dissertation first shows that, despite the many differences between academic debates in France and in the United States, the history of the objectification of Islam within French and American social science is based on a similar succession of three main paradigms : a culturalist-holist model, a non-culturalist-holist model, and a theory of the construction of norms by individuals. Second, this dissertation attempts to explain the relation between knowledge-producing actors (e. G. Social scientists and policy experts) and policymakers beyond the traditional normative opposition that places a rational deliberation approach against the domination approach. I argue that the relation between these two types of actors should be understood neither as a dialogical relation nor as a sheer competition, but as a process of imitation. Drawing upon Jon Elster’s notion of «strategic use of argumentation» and upon Timur Kuran’s notion of «preference falsification», I suggest that the recurrence of similar modes of reasoning in the arguments of different actors is an effect of their common tendency to imitate a imagined model and not of a sheer exercise of pressure or power. Indeed, a close analysis of the argumentative practices of the Stasi commission’s experts in France and of the experts of a sample of think tanks in the U. S. Reveals that «domination» and «influence» are merely the indirect consequences, constructed post facto, of the tendency of all actors to model their preferences and their arguments on what they think the preferences and arguments of their imagined or real interlocutors are
Monier, Anne. "Mobilisations philanthropiques transnationales : les « Amis Américains » des institutions culturelles françaises." Paris, EHESS, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016EHES0151.
Full textOur thesis refreshes the analysis of philanthropy by offering a "street level" perspective, conceptualizing it as a mobilization relation. Based on a qualitative survey (interviews, ethnography, archives and document analysis) conducted in France and in the US, this work focuses, in particular, on the case of the American Friends groups of French cultural institutions, which are organizations enabling American patrons to make tax-deductable donations to foreign institutions. Crossing a thème well investigated by the literature on national individual philanthropy (the question of philanthropie relations and actors) with a transnational perspective, our thesis asks the question: What does the transnational "do" to philanthropie mobilization? It thus questions how philanthropy beyond borders leads to a particular form of mobilization of the élites. It demonstrates that transnational philanthropie mobilization requires the implementation of a form of "diplomatie intermediation. " Participating in the renewal of studies on diplomacy, by crossing them with the literature on intermediation, our thesis reveals the close relationship between philanthropy and diplomacy. Focusing especially on the actors, it contributes to the sociology of elites through the analysis of power struggles, distinction, and hierarchizing among elites in a transnational perspective. Based on a comprehensive approach, it also highlights the role of representations in international and transnational relations. Finally, adopting an ecological approach, it contributes to the works on the transformations of the State, and, more specifically, reconfigurations between the public and the private sectors
Goldstein, Marta. "Les échanges franco-américains en sciences humaines, économiques et sociales, de 1870 à 1932." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON30106.
Full textWithin the context of the expansion of the United States as a world power, we study the extent to which their intellectualdevelopment is enhanced by bidirectional exchanges of students or transfers from French institutions to America. Amongthose, we take in in-depth look at the Ecole Libre des Sciences Politiques in Paris. Having combed its archives, we could list theAmerican students there, from its founding to the end of our period of study in 1932. We point out the importance of somestudents and study the schools it gave birth to in America. We explain the transfer from the Musée Social or Paris to the U.S..We take into account the networking between French and American historians, geographers, economists, sociologists andother university scholars. We analyze exchange students, including those from programs created by James Hyde and AlbertKahn, with a particular emphasis on Harvard University. France is determined to attract foreign students at the expense ofGermany where the majority of the best American scholars were trained. Therefore, by way of an intellectual biography of JeanJules Jusserand, French ambassador to the U.S. for 22 years, we study the war of influence on American soil between Frenchand German intellectuals, before and during World War I
Guillot, Fabien. "Les asymétries frontalières : essai de géographie sociale et politique sur les pratiques sociales et les rapports sociaux : Les cas États-Unis Mexique, Espagne Maroc, Israël Liban Palestine." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00460936.
Full textCalcerrada, Gwenaëlle. "Le paradoxe du soft power : de Joseph Nye aux néoconservateurs : itinéraire d'une notion caméléon." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0154.
Full textSoft power appears in the academic and political fields at the end of the 1980s, as a response to the national debate on american power’s decline. In the 2000 decade, it became one of the most used and the most misunderstood concepts of Internatioanl Relations. It is through demystification that we will explain the circulation of this scientific notion among the american academic and political fields
Bendjaballah, Selma. "La formation des consensus au Parlement européen et à la Chambre des représentants américaine (1999-2009)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011IEPP0064.
Full textThe main purpose of this PhD dissertation is to understand Legislatures through the lens of the individual practices. More specially, we intend to explain the large majorities, nearly unanimities, built in the European Parliament and in the US House of Representatives. How can we understand that, in two large, nationally, culturally different Legislatures, the deputies manage to find large compromises? This thesis goes back over the main explanations already proposed to explain this paradox. We show that they're all more or less approximative: social choice theory, coalitions theory, cultural explanation, institutional model. . This first step permits us to build an other explicative hypothesis: rational-choice approach. Clearly expressed, the main hypothesis of this dissertation is the following: if the majorities built in the European Parliament and in the US House of Representatives are so frequently unanimous, it is because it helps the deputies to access to their interest- in spite of the numerous hurdles. Then, this work aims at looking in a concrete way how do deputies find agreements between them. Who are the main leaders ? What are the strategies used? What calendar does the actors follow? Eventually, this main hypothesis insists on the major role played by the institutional opportunities in the understanding ot the parliamentarian mandate
Abadie, Pauline. "Entreprise responsable et environnement : Recherche d'une systématisation en droit français et américain." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010323.
Full textNédélec, Pascale. "Réflexions sur l'urbanité et la citadinité d'une aire urbaine américaine : (dé)construire Las Vegas." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946236.
Full textFortin, Maxim. "La philanthropie d'investissement au cœur de la gouvernance du social : une comparaison Québec/New York." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/36755.
Full textThe rise of an elite private philanthropy is one of the main highlights of the past two decades. Evolving more and more in a partnership logic with governments and community groups, philanthropy, and most specifically "investment philanthropy", is a major player in the emergence of "social governance". From the cases of the Harlem Children's Zone, a non-profit organization in New York and the Fondation Lucie et André Chagnon in Quebec, this comparative study analyzes how investment philanthropy replicates the donor’s influence within social governance, how funded groups manage to demonstrate some forms of agency allowing them to discuss and negotiate with the donors, and how the triangular relationship between philanthropic, community and public actors affects the development of social policies. Keywords: elite philanthropy; investment philanthropy; social governance; social policies.
Contessi, Nicola. "Mackinder reloaded : the emerging role of international security institutions in the global scramble for Central Asia." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29153/29153.pdf.
Full textNumerous regional security organizations have emerged in Central Asia since the end of the Cold War under the leadership of one entrepreneur nation. Whereas multiple security externalities stem from the region, if institutions are really in place to reduce the transaction costs arising from the need to negotiate agreements that guide interstate cooperation, wouldn’t one be sufficient? If, on the other hand, institutions are irrelevant as neorealists argue, why such proliferation of acronyms? Starting from the insight that “it is cooperation that makes the exercise of power possible” (Moe 2003: 12), this thesis assumes that since the end of the Cold War, major powers have been prone to using multilateral intergovernmental institutions as a means of wielding influence in the region. It is suggested that multilateral institutions represent a strategic option that alternative policy instruments, such as bilateral agreements, do not match. Their specific value is that they generate opportunities to legitimize claims, form coalitions, and crystallize power relations. This is quite different from saying that institutions are merely a reflection of existing power relations, as much realist literature does. Rather it suggests that institutions have a role in creating and shaping power relations. But it also differs from the transaction costs approach which neglects the power dimension. The research develops a framework to explain the respective agency of China in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Russia in the Collective Security Treaty Organization, and the United States in NATO’s Euro-Atlantic Partnership. This framework advances two hypotheses which postulate that institutions represent the intervening variable for entrepreneur states to: 1) foster control over the associated member states; and 2) Deny attempts to exercise control to rival institutional projects or major powers. Empirical evidence lends significant support to the mechanism described by the first hypothesis, but is insufficient in the case of the second one, though institutional outputs are consistent with the expectations of the hypothesis.
Boncori, Anne-Laure. "La question du decouplage des ideologies et techniques manageriales : le cas de l’ideologie de la valeur actionnariale.une comparaison Etats-Unis/France (1995-2008)." Thesis, Paris 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA020011.
Full textSince the works of Bendix (1956), managerial ideologies have been investigated through various aspects. Our research objective is to define and better understand the notion of managerial ideology by confronting it with the fundamental concepts of the related literature : i.e. technique, practice and theory. We explored the relations and evolution modes adopted by the couple ideology/technique, both in theory and practice. Through an historical approach, we propose to compare the emergence of the Shareholder Value Ideology in the United States during the eighties to its diffusion to the French case, until 2008. The results of this research show that ideology and techniques, as components of the same management model, adopt various forms of decoupling, in theory and practice. They outline a dynamics in two phases : 1)ideology plays a driving role in the diffusion of the model and the promotion of the affiliated techniques; 2)technique tends to become autonomous
Badoi, Delia Georgiana. "La sociologie publique : pertinence et réflexivité de la connaissance sociologique." Paris, EHESS, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014EHES0100.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to analyze the sociology as public science and its development in ,comparative approach, in the United States, France and Romania. The main objective is bexplore the concept of "public sociology" and the critics of sociological knowledge in the context of contemporary knowledge society. Despite many cultural connotations of the "circulation of ideas" which change the interpretations of "public sociology" (Burawoy, 2004), the analysis of the thesis focus on several epistemological controversies about the relevance and reflexivity of sociological knowledge. The analysis starts from the theoretical line of American critics sociology and from the social theories of French sociology of the 1960s, Then, the study of the thesis is at the crossroads of theoretical models used by the sociology of ideas, sociology of scientific knowledge and the sociology of science. The main goal was to develop a critical an empirical analysis on the role of new configurations of knowledge and on the interpretation given to two questions: Sociology for whom?; Sociology for what? The thesis is divided in three sections: Understanding the concept of public sociology by a division of labor in America sociology; Analyze the epistemological alternatives of public sociology in France; Study the social and political utility of the scientific production of the Romanian sociology and starting from an ethnographic study, to develop a new division of sociological labor in Romania
Murard, Elie. "Three Essays on the Economies of International Migration." Paris, EHESS, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015EHES0190.
Full textThis PhD dissertation presents three empirical studies on the economics of international migration. Chapter 1 examines how the migration of a household member to the United States affects the welfare of the other members left behind in rural areas of Mexico. Using a panel household survey, I show that non-migrants are better-off in terms of consumption and leisure time because (i) remittances sent by migrant exceed his/her initial contribution to the househok income and because (ii) the out- migration of a farmer raises the productivity of agricultural labor for those staying behind in the farm. Chapter 2 addresses the methodological issues empirical economists confront when they seek to identify the causal impact of migration on members left behind at origin. I propose a new method that takes into account the intra- household selection of migrants, i. E. The decision of which family members migrate and which stay behind, a problem that has remained largely ignored in the literature. Chapter 3 examines the effect of immigrant inflows in Europe on the evolution of natives' attitudes towards redistribution and immigration policy over the last decade. I find that attitudes are not only shaped by non-economic preferences, e. G. Racial prejudice or differential altruism, but that they are also importantly determined by concerns on how immigration may affect the labor market, i. E. Wages, and the Welfare State's finances, i. E. Net social benefits
Magnan, Penuela Marion. "Migration, réseaux transnationaux et identités locales : le cas des Colombiens à New York." Phd thesis, Université de la Sorbonne nouvelle - Paris III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00553246.
Full textFretigny, Jean-Baptiste. "Les mobilités à l'épreuve des aéroports : des espaces publics aux territorialités en réseau. Les cas de Paris Roissy-Charles-De-Gaulle, Amsterdam Schiphol, Francfort-sur-le-Main et Dubai International." Phd thesis, Université Panthéon-Sorbonne - Paris I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00951463.
Full textSantander, Sébastian. "Le nouveau régionalisme dans l'économie politique mondiale: le développement du MERCOSUR face à la stratégie interrégionale de l'Union européenne et à la Zone de libre-échange des Amériques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210768.
Full textDoctorat en sciences politiques
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Voltaire, Louis Justin. "Les conséquences et les effets de l'étiquette de «déportés» sur les vécus des immigrés haïtiens expulsés par les États-Unis d'Amérique." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/12587.
Full textBourque, Frédérique. "La considération des normes religieuses par le droit : les femmes et le divorce religieux au Canada et aux États-Unis." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11937.
Full textState legal norms coexist with religious legal norms. For some believers this can cause a real gap between the prescriptions of state law and religious law. Regarding divorce, conciliation between these two normative orders poses many problems. Thus, for women wishing to dissolve their marriage, the recognition of religious norms by the state will have a direct impact on the achievement of their human rights. This study focuses on how these normative orders coexist and analysises the impact of their consideration in regard to divorce in Canadian law and in American law.
M'Baya, Patrick. "Notions d'éthique dans la brevetabilité des inventions : une étude de droit comparé." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4787.
Full textPatent law has for primary goals to promote new tehnological and industrial developments. However, patent law has been currently confronted to some questioning about its role raised particulary by the new advancement made in biotechnologies. Difficult fondamental questions must be addressed at different levels: socialy, moraly and legaly. Following these obersvations, the question to answer, in this study, is whether regulation should be more significant by taking into account some moral and ethical considerations in the process of patentability. The goal of this study is to compare and estimate the various solutions provided by Europe, the USA and Canada, to determine what could be the answer of that problematic. For exemple, in this context, we can point out the European approach, where the EPC and the Directive of the European Parliamment on the Legal Protection of Biotechnological Inventions (98/44/CE) seem to introduce ethical notions in their legislation. Such approach brings elements which can be discribed as indistinct and progressive in a process apparently defined as technical. But if we take the North American approach, its patentability critea are not based on any moral consideration. So by analysing these elements, an approach could be defined to a more appropriate patent legislation fitting the actual necessities.
Gazaille, Geneviève. "L'ALÉNA et la marchandisation de l'eau douce." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3955.
Full textSince it came into force in 1994, the NAFTA has and continues to bring up questions regarding its implication in regards to the freshwater resources of its parties, Canada, the United States and Mexico. The main criticism is that freshwater could be considered a product under NAFTA. NAFTA’s wording does not prohibit the commodification of freshwater, nor does the 1993 Joint Declaration issued by the governements of Canada, the United States and Mexico, because of its formulation, content and legal status. The pressures to allow the commodification of this vital resource are powerful. Yet, the commodification of freshwater has negative impacts that need to be addressed in this master’s thesis.
Parra, Meza Nathalia. "Les défis du nouvel accord de commerce entre le Canada, les États-Unis et le Mexique (ACEUM) face à la mobilité de la main-d'œuvre professionnelle." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25643.
Full textThe new United States–Mexico–Canada Agreement (USMCA) came into force the July 1 2020, introducing Annex 15-C with nine provisions regarding trade in professional services, and a new appendix on the recognition of professional qualifications. This appendix provides guidelines for the creation of future mutual recognition agreements or arrangements (MRAs) in the professional services sector. These principles raise many questions, including whether USMCA will be enough to ensure the effective implementation of future MRAs, unlike the two previous experiences of MRAs under NAFTA. The purpose of this thesis is to advance guidelines providing key elements that must be taken into account by future negotiators of MRA-USMCA, in order to guarantee a successful implementation. Moreover, our goal is to lay the foundations on which to build a true legal system for the recognition of professional qualifications in America. This thesis stems from the idea that there is an essential interrelation between trade agreements, agreements regulating trade in professional services, professional labor mobility, and, of course, mutual recognition of professional qualifications. The development of these guidelines is inspired by the analysis of MRAs under the former NAFTA, the study of main legal frameworks of recognition in Europe and, more specifically, the content and experiences of France-Quebec MRA. This review is essential for a comprehensive understanding of the principles regarding the recognition of professional qualifications, the necessary conditions for MRAs implementation, as well as their main obstacles, advantages, and challenges. This research will allow us to present the scenario needed to arrive to an appropriate structure in future MRA-USMCA negotiations. Our study finds that the new provisions on trade in professional services are insufficient, even though they represent a significant advancement in comparison to the old NAFTA. They constitute a starting point for the creation of stronger MRAs-USMCA. Our analysis also notes that the implementation of MRAs must be accompanied by a change of mentality regarding the possibility of integrating recognition systems between three countries with different contexts. Furthermore, MRAs will have to be conceived not only as instruments intended to establish the conditions for the recognition of professional qualifications, but also as essential tools for the construction of a global recognition system that promotes the integration of professionals into the labor market.
El nuevo Acuerdo de libre comercio entre Canadá, Estados Unidos y México (T-MEC) entró en vigor el 1 de julio de 2020, introduciendo el anexo 15-C con nueve disposiciones sobre el comercio de servicios profesionales y un nuevo apéndice sobre el reconocimiento de las calificaciones profesionales. Este apéndice ofrece las líneas directivas para la creación de futuros acuerdos o arreglos de reconocimiento mutuo (ARM) en el sector de los servicios profesionales. Estas normas originan diversos cuestionamientos, especialmente aquel de saber si será suficiente para asegurar la puesta en marcha eficaz de los futuros ARM-ACEUM, contrariamente a las dos experiencias pasadas de ARM en el marco del ALENA. El objetivo de esta tesis es de proponer unas líneas directrices que prevean los elementos indispensables, los cuales deben ser tenidos en cuenta por los futuros negociadores del ARM-ACEUM, con el fin de asegurarse su aplicación eficaz. Adicionalmente, nuestro objetivo es establecer las bases sobre las cuales debe ser construido un verdadero sistema jurídico del reconocimiento de las calificaciones profesionales en el espacio americano. Esta tesis parte de la idea central que existe una interrelación indispensable entre los acuerdos de comercio, aquellos que reglamentan el comercio de servicios profesionales, la movilidad de la mano de obra profesional y, bien entendido, el reconocimiento mutuo de las calificaciones profesionales. A título de inspiración para las líneas directivas, nosotros nos basamos fundamentalmente en el análisis de las experiencias de los ARM bajo el marco del antiguo ALENA, sobre el análisis de las principales normas del marco jurídico del reconocimiento en el continente europeo y, más específicamente, en el estudio del contenido y de las experiencias de la puesta en obra de los ARM Francia-Quebec. Esta recensión es esencial para una comprensión global de los principios del reconocimiento de las calificaciones y de las condiciones necesarias al establecimiento de los ARM, además de sus principales obstáculos, ventajas y desafíos. En otras palabras, esta investigación nos permitirá elaborar el escenario necesario con el fin de construir una estructura adecuada en la futura negociación de ARM ACEUM. Nosotros concluimos a la insuficiencia de las nuevas disposiciones sobre el comercio de servicios profesionales, sin embargo, es importante reconocer su aporte significativo respecto del antiguo ALENA, además constituye un punto de partida fundamental para la creación de ARM-ACEUM más sólidos. Nosotros constatamos igualmente que la puesta en marcha del ARM debe necesariamente ser acompañada de un cambio de mentalidad sobre la viabilidad de integrar un sistema de reconocimiento entre los tres países con contextos diferentes. Por otro lado, es necesario concebir los ARM no solamente como instrumentos destinados a establecer las condiciones de reconocimiento de calificaciones, sino igualmente como herramientas esenciales a la construcción de un sistema global de reconocimiento que favorezca la integración de los profesionales al mercado laboral.
Bélanger-Simard, Émilie. "La légalisation de la publicité directe des médicaments d’ordonnance." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9144.
Full textDirect-to-consumer-advertising of prescription drugs (DTCAPD), forbidden in Canada, influences the three-way relationship between the pharmaceutical industry, the consumers of prescription drugs and the health care professionals. The pharmaceutical industry, a very profitable business, uses different advertising tactics that can be detrimental to the consumers. The consumers are the target of DTCAPD and interpret in many ways the advertising messages that are being sent. Finally the health care professionals are playing a crucial role between the industry and the consumers as prescriptions are necessary in order to receive the advertised drugs. The Canadian normative framework surrounding DTCAPD has different sources. The legislation is clearly forbidding these advertisements, but Health Canada is still permitting two types of messages: Reminder Ads and Help-Seeking Messages. This situation is confusing since the transmitted information is generally incomplete. The United-States legalised DTCAPD for its educational potential. It is yet difficult to observe the positive effects on the public health and the economy of this country. In Canada, the prescription drug Viagra was the target of DTCAPD and was an economical and popular success. This recognition however helps the consumers to associate the drug and the condition it is treating, which is contrary to the exception framework set up by Health Canada. All these elements strengthen our position to maintain the DTCAPD legislative interdiction and to apply it in a rigorous manner.
Paquette-Bélanger, Emmanuelle. "D’une structure de gouvernance canado-américaine pour la gestion du Passage du Nord-Ouest : l’apport du transgouvernementalisme." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/10008.
Full textTransgovernmentalism is based on the existence of transboundary networks between sub-national entities exercising similar functions in order to address common issues. Canada-United States transgovernmentalism can be characterised by limited relinquishment of sovereignty by partners, significant participation of regional actors, informality in the relations and the integration of the private and public sectors and civil society into mixed networks. The governance model in place in the St. Lawrence basin and the Great Lakes region presents all the features of the typical model of Canada-United States transgovernmentalism. A thorough analysis indeed reveals a complex and strong matrix of transgovernmental networks which ramifications now extend far beyond the strict framework of agreements under whose auspices these networks arose. However, if transgovernmentalism is the solution adopted by both governments for the collaborative management of the St. Lawrence basin and the Great Lakes, it is an appropriate governance model for the management of the Northwest Passage? Although the model in place in the region of the St. Lawrence basin and the Great Lakes can not be entirely reproduced for the management of the Northwest Passage, a “bottom-up” transgovernmental model focused on the implementation of common rules in the field of navigation, and on collaboration at the operational level to ensure the implementation of this regulation, is appropriate for the management of Northwest Passage.
Turgeon, Pelletier Etienne. "La géographie du dollar et la Chine : analyse géoéconomique d'une sédition monétaire." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6262.
Full textPresent world economic stability rests on a structural asymmetry whose main antagonists are the United States and East Asia. Inducing the very existence of this axis is the question of the worldwide representation of value. The dollar’s domination in this matter allows the United States a disproportionate access to planetary resources. The creditor countries, among which China, hesitate to adopt a floating exchange rate and challenge this peculiar dimension of hegemony directly through the foreign exchange market. As time goes by the global imbalances intensify along with the corresponding political tensions. In effect, the dollarized global monetary system acts as a pillar of a unipolar world. The present international monetary system does not offer, by itself, a resolution to this polarisation process its existence generates. This mémoire offers a perspective on China’s geoeconomic strategies destined to extract itself from the dollar system. This is done through the observation of three sets of indicators : Forex reserves, commercial relations and domestic demand.
Dabby, Dia. "Triangulation of rights, balancing of interests : exploring the tensions between freedom of conscience and freedom of religion in comparative constitutional law." Thèse, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4791.
Full textFreedom of religion, often recognised as “first freedom” in numerous legal traditions, also reflects the different conceptions of the place of the individual and the collectivity in society. Our study will analyse the Canadian, American and European constitutional models of freedom of religion and conscience. In a first chapter, we will examine the theoretical conceptions of religion in the social sciences as well as from the perspectives of legal approaches in order to discern the manner in which religion is conceived and to better understand its various influences. In this way, we hope to enhance our understanding of both identity and to a greater extent, culture, both in and out of law. In the second and third chapters, we will attempt to characterise the relationship between freedom of conscience and freedom of religion in Canada, as well as identify unresolved issues. In the final chapter, we will observe how freedom of conscience has been interpreted in the American legal setting as well as in the European Union, by way of the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR). We hypothesise that a better understanding of the relationship between the freedoms of conscience and religion can be arrived at by clarifying the theoretical conceptions of religion and conscience in comparative constitutional law.
Paré, Frédéric. "Le droit du travail américain : un droit plus favorable à l’investissement que le droit du travail québécois ? Une étude de la question." Thèse, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/11323.
Full textThe question under study is whether or not United States Labor and Employment Law is more favorable to foreign direct investment (FDI) than Quebec Labor and Employment Law within the context of NAFTA. To answer that question, the author first makes a literature review of the FDI localization determinants to clarify the importance of national labor and employment law in multinational companies investment decisions. This review reveals that the localization of FDI is a complex and multidimensional process involving a large number of factors, among which some are associated with demand, costs, characteristics of host-countries and risk. The national labor and employment law, although taking on a certain importance, is therefore only one factor among others. The review also reveals that the relative importance of FDI localization determinants, including national labor and employment law, varies according to other factors, such as the business sector of the company, its strategy, its size and the purpose of the FDI. Then, the author makes a comparative law study between Quebec and Massachusetts to identify the main differences which exist between both Labor and Employment Law regimes. This study allowed to identify important differences between both systems. In general, it is to be noted that Massachusetts’ Labor and Employment Law bases itself more on the principles of contractual freedom and “laissez-faire” than Quebec Labor and Employment Law, which is much more interventionist. Finally, the author analyzes the differences identified in the comparative law study in the light of the conclusions of his literature review on FDI localization determinants. He concludes that although Quebec Labor and Employment Law is on many aspects more advantageous than Massachusetts Labor and Employment Law for the purposes of FDI localization, it is rather the latter which, in general, turns out to be the most advantageous in this matter. Indeed, Quebec Labor and Employment Law may impose superior costs of labor and reduce labor market flexibility more than Massachusetts Labor and Employment Law. Yet, considering that national labor and employment law is only one factor among others in the FDI localization decision, Quebec is not without means. Indeed, it possesses other comparative advantages that it can assert with the multinational companies that are doing business in sectors where these competitive advantages are valued and susceptible to be exploited. Furthermore, considering that national labor and employment law has a relative importance which varies according to other factors, Quebec Labor and Employment Law has inevitably no same effect on all the investors. Finally, considering that labor and employment law performs social functions as much as economic functions, it is a false debate to emphasize only the "negative" consequences of the national labor and employment law on FDI. Indeed, it is to completely disregard the question of the social costs which labor and employment law allows to prevent within a society.
Jannard, Louis-Philippe. "Entre vulnérabilisation et revictimisation : les victimes de traite d'êtres humains face aux politiques nord-américaines." Thèse, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/4488.
Full textIn North America, the fight against human trafficking is of the utmost complexity. In order to tackle the numerous aspects surrounding this phenomenon, States must develop strategies using a holistic, interdisciplinary and long term approach. North American trafficking prevention strategies comprise many deficiencies which cause certain groups of individuals to be more vulnerable. While the measures already in place fail to target the root causes of the phenomenon, many reforms essential to the diminution of those persons ' vulnerability, namely the alleviation of restrictive migration policies, have yet to take place. Similarly, deficiencies existing in protection strategies increase the risks of revictimisation of human trafficking victims. On the one hand, state authorities fail to adequately identify all the victims. On the other hand, some victims, although identified as such, remain without protection, either because it is granted on a conditional basis or because support mechanisms remain insufficient.
Kousha, Amirhossein. "The principle of compensation in the practice of the Iran-United States claims tribunal and the transnational rules : shared values?" Thèse, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/22563.
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