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Books on the topic 'Scientific data collection and graphing'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 16 February 2022

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1

Gitcher poop in a group. Sandy, Utah: Loose in the Lab, Inc., 2003.

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2

United States. Congress. House. Committee on Science. U.S. global change research programs: Data collection and scientific priorities : hearing before the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, March 6, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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3

Science, United States Congress House Committee on. U.S. global change research programs: Data collection and scientific priorities : hearing before the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, March 6, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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4

Transforming Functions to Fit Data: Mathematical Explorations Using Probes, Electronic Data-Collection Devices, and Graphing Calculators. Key Curriculum Pr, 1998.

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5

Winter, Mary Jean, and Ronald J. Carlson. Transforming Functions to Fit Data: Mathematical Explorations Using Probes, Electronic Data-Collection Devices, and Graphing Calculators. Key Curriculum Press, 1997.

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6

K, Reynard, and Aslib, eds. Data activities: A guide to scientific and technical data collection in the UK. London: Aslib, 1993.

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7

Peckham, David John. Validation of a method for rapid collection and processing of isokinetic data. 1988.

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8

Validation of a method for rapid collection and processing of isokinetic data. 1988.

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9

Validation of a method for rapid collection and processing of isokinetic data. 1988.

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10

Lipka, Jerry. Picking Berries: Connections Between Data Collection, Graphing, and Measuring (Math in a Cultural Context: Lessons Learned from Yup'ik Eskimo Elders). Detselig Enterprises Ltd., 2005.

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11

Solymosi, Reka, and Kate J. Bowers. The Role of Innovative Data Collection Methods in Advancing Criminological Understanding. Edited by Gerben J. N. Bruinsma and Shane D. Johnson. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190279707.013.35.

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Environmental criminology emphasizes the importance of situational factors associated with increased risk in terms of crime opportunities. One branch of research in this field is oriented toward strengthening the scientific approach to understanding the link between exposure to risk and crime. To achieve this, we need data about how potential victims and potential offenders spend their time, and what places they visit as part of their daily activities. This chapter lays out the potential of novel data sets and then considers in detail two of these new approaches. The first approach involves utilizing advances in technology and sensing to develop bespoke surveys created with specific research studies in mind. The second makes use of existing “big data” or “open-access data” sources on people’s everyday interactions with the environment, and combines multiple data sources to make inferences about routine activities and their link to perception of crime and place.
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12

US GOVERNMENT. 21st Century Essential Guide to Earthquake Survival: Major Collection of USGS, FEMA, and CDC Documents with Scientific and Threat Data, Structure and Construction Safety-¿Technical and Scientific Reference (CD-ROM). Progressive Management, 2005.

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US GOVERNMENT. U.S. global change research programs: Data collection and scientific priorities : Hearing before the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, ... Congress, second session, March 6, 1996. For sale by the U.S. G.P.O., Supt. of Docs., Congressional Sales Office, 1996.

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14

US GOVERNMENT. 21st Century Complete Guide to California Earthquakes: Huge and Comprehensive Collection of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Documents with Extensive Coverage of Earthquake Monitoring, Research Projects, Scientific and Threat Data ¿ Technical and Scientific Reference (Two DVD-ROM Set). Progressive Management, 2005.

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US GOVERNMENT. 2005 Complete Guide to Earthquakes: Huge and Comprehensive Collection of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Documents with Extensive Coverage of Earthquake Monitoring, Research Projects, Earthquakes Around the World, Maps, Tables, Scientific and Threat Data-¿Technical and Scientific Reference (DVD-ROM). Progressive Management, 2005.

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16

U.S. global change research programs: Data collection and scientific priorities : hearing before the Committee on Science, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, second session, March 6, 1996. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1996.

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US GOVERNMENT. 21st Century Complete Guide to Volcanoes: Huge and Comprehensive Collection of U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Documents with Extensive Coverage of Volcano Monitoring, Research Projects, Volcanoes Around the World, Maps, Tables, Scientific and Threat Data-¿Technical and Scientific Reference (DVD-ROM). Progressive Management, 2005.

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18

Razo, Armando. Integration of Contextual Data. Edited by Lonna Rae Atkeson and R. Michael Alvarez. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190213299.013.20.

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This chapter discusses a conceptual framework that clarifies the nature and importance of context in social scientific research. It first explains how context fits into survey analysis, then addresses major problems that hamper use and collection of contextual data: vague or incomplete conceptual definitions of “context” and lack of methodological guidance to collect and analyze contextual data. It suggests that systematic research and cumulative knowledge on contextual effects are constrained by two factors: the lack of standardized contextual variables across surveys and sporadic empirical inquiries. Finally, it outlines directions for future research with an eye toward advancing contextual data collection and analysis as well as ascertaining the impact of context on public opinion and political behavior. It presents statistical approaches to provide a blueprint for explicit measurements and analysis of contextual data and considers the need to modify conventional sampling techniques to capture relevant contextual variability.
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19

Boyer-Kassem, Thomas, Conor Mayo-Wilson, and Michael Weisberg, eds. Scientific Collaboration and Collective Knowledge. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190680534.001.0001.

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Descartes once argued that, with sufficient effort and skill, a single scientist could uncover fundamental truths about our world. Contemporary science proves the limits of this claim. From synthesizing the human genome to predicting the effects of climate change, some current scientific research requires the collaboration of hundreds (if not thousands) of scientists with various specializations. Additionally, the majority of published scientific research is now coauthored, including more than 80% of articles in the natural sciences. Small collaborative teams have become the norm in science. This is the first volume to address critical philosophical questions about how collective scientific research could be organized differently and how it should be organized. For example, should scientists be required to share knowledge with competing research teams? How can universities and grant-giving institutions promote successful collaborations? When hundreds of researchers contribute to a discovery, how should credit be assigned—and can minorities expect a fair share? When collaborative work contains significant errors or fraudulent data, who deserves blame? In this collection of essays, leading philosophers of science address these critical questions, among others. Their work extends current philosophical research on the social structure of science and contributes to the growing, interdisciplinary field of social epistemology. The volume’s strength lies in the diversity of its authors’ methodologies. Employing detailed case studies of scientific practice, mathematical models of scientific communities, and rigorous conceptual analysis, contributors to this volume study scientific groups of all kinds, including small labs, peer-review boards, and large international collaborations like those in climate science and particle physics.
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20

Cernat, Alexandru, and Joseph W. Sakshaug, eds. Measurement Error in Longitudinal Data. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859987.001.0001.

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Understanding change is essential in most scientific fields. This is highlighted by the importance of issues such as shifts in public health and changes in public opinion regarding politicians and policies. Nevertheless, our measurements of the world around us are often imperfect. For example, measurements of attitudes might be biased by social desirability, while estimates of health may be marred by low sensitivity and specificity. In this book we tackle the important issue of how to understand and estimate change in the context of data that are imperfect and exhibit measurement error. The book brings together the latest advances in the area of estimating change in the presence of measurement error from a number of different fields, such as survey methodology, sociology, psychology, statistics, and health. Furthermore, it covers the entire process, from the best ways of collecting longitudinal data, to statistical models to estimate change under uncertainty, to examples of researchers applying these methods in the real world. The book introduces the reader to essential issues of longitudinal data collection such as memory effects, panel conditioning (or mere measurement effects), the use of administrative data, and the collection of multi-mode longitudinal data. It also introduces the reader to some of the most important models used in this area, including quasi-simplex models, latent growth models, latent Markov chains, and equivalence/DIF testing. Further, it discusses the use of vignettes in the context of longitudinal data and estimation methods for multilevel models of change in the presence of measurement error.
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21

van Schalkwyk, François, Stefaan G. Verhulst, Gustavo J. Magalhães, Juan Pane, and Johanna Walker. The Social Dynamics of Open Data. African Minds, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.47622/978-1-928331-56-8.

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The Social Dynamics of Open Data is a collection of peer reviewed papers presented at the 2nd Open Data Research Symposium (ODRS) held in Madrid, Spain, on 5 October 2016. Research is critical to developing a more rigorous and fine-combed analysis not only of why open data is valuable, but how it is valuable and under what specific conditions. The objective of the Open Data Research Symposium and the subsequent collection of chapters published here is to build such a stronger evidence base. This base is essential to understanding what open datas impacts have been to date, and how positive impacts can be enabled and amplified. Consequently, common to the majority of chapters in this collection is the attempt by the authors to draw on existing scientific theories, and to apply them to open data to better explain the socially embedded dynamics that account for open datas successes and failures in contributing to a more equitable and just society.
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22

Oil-and-gas complex: problems and solutions: materials of the Third national scientific and practical conference with international participation. IMGG FEB RAS, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30730/978-5-6044483-0-4.2021-1.

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The collection includes materials submitted to the Third national scientific and practical conference «Oil and Gas complex: problems and solutions». The conference discussed the development of technologies for the successful operation of Russian oil and gas complex, their geological structure, geodetic support of economic activities, and the specifics of space and ground monitoring of natural and technogenic processes. The conference materials offer solutions in various subject areas. The information presented in collection will allow Russian and foreign scientists and specialists to get acquainted with latest achievements of technologies and equipment for prospecting, exploration, development of oil and gas fields, methods of processing aerospace monitoring data.
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23

Practical R for biologists: an introduction. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245349.0000.

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Abstract R is an open-source statistical environment modelled after the previously widely used commercial programs S and S-Plus, but in addition to powerful statistical analysis tools, it also provides powerful graphics outputs. In addition to its statistical and graphical capabilities, R is a programming language suitable for medium-sized projects. This book presents a set of studies that collectively represent almost all the R operations that beginners, analysing their own data up to perhaps the early years of doing a PhD, need. Although the chapters are organized around topics such as graphing, classical statistical tests, statistical modelling, mapping and text parsing, examples have been chosen based largely on real scientific studies at the appropriate level and within each the use of more R functions is nearly always covered than are simply necessary just to get a p-value or a graph. R comes with around a thousand base functions which are automatically installed when R is downloaded. This book covers the use of those of most relevance to biological data analysis, modelling and graphics. Throughout each chapter, the functions introduced and used in that chapter are summarized in Tool Boxes. The book also shows the user how to adapt and write their own code and functions. A selection of base functions relevant to graphics that are not necessarily covered in the main text are described in Appendix 1, and additional housekeeping functions in Appendix 2.
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24

Marks, Amber, Ben Bowling, and Colman Keenan. Automatic Justice? Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.32.

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This chapter examines how forensic science and technology are reshaping crime investigation, prosecution, and the administration of criminal justice. It highlights the profound effect of new scientific techniques, data collection devices, and mathematical analysis on the traditional criminal justice system. These blur procedural boundaries that have hitherto been central, while automating and procedurally compressing the entire criminal justice process. Technological innovation has also resulted in mass surveillance and eroded ‘double jeopardy’ protections due to scientific advances that enable the revisiting of conclusions reached long ago. These innovations point towards a system of ‘automatic justice’ that minimizes human agency and undercut traditional due process safeguards that have hitherto been central to the criminal justice model. To rebalance the relationship between state and citizen in a system of automatic criminal justice, we may need to accept the limitations of the existing criminal procedure framework and deploy privacy and data protection law.
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25

Kam, Julia W. Y., and Todd C. Handy. Electroencephalogram Recording in Humans. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199939800.003.0006.

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This chapter provides an elementary introduction to the theory and practical application of electroencephalogram (EEG) recording for the purpose of studying neurocognitive processes. It is aimed at readers who have had little or no experience in EEG data collection, and would like to gain a better understanding of scientific papers employing this methodology or start their own EEG experiment. We begin with a definition of EEG, and a summary of the strengths and limitations of EEG-based techniques. Following this is a description of the basic theory concerning the cellular mechanisms underlying EEG, as well as two types of data generated by EEG recording. We then present a brief summary of the equipment necessary for EEG data acquisition and important considerations for presentation software. Finally, we provide an overview of the protocol for data acquisition and processing, as well as methods for quantifying both EEG and event-related potentials data.
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26

Huffaker, Ray, Marco Bittelli, and Rodolfo Rosa. Why Study Nonlinear Time Series Analysis? Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198782933.003.0001.

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Nonlinear Time Series Analysis (NLTS) provides a mathematically rigorous collection of techniques designed to reconstruct real-world system dynamics from time series data on a single variable or multiple causally-related variables. NLTS facilitates scientific inquiry that emphasizes strong supportive evidence, well-conducted and thorough inquiry, and realism. Data provide an essential evidentiary portal to a reality to which we have only limited access. Random-appearing data do not prove that underlying dynamic process are subject to exogenous inherently-random forces. The possibility exists that observed volatility is generated by inherently-unstable, deterministic, and nonlinear real-world dynamic systems. NLTS allows the data to speak regarding which type of system dynamics generated them. It is capable of detecting linear as well as nonlinear deterministic system dynamics, and diagnosing the presence of linear stochastic dynamics. Our objective is to use NLTS to uncover the structure best corresponding to reality whether it be linear, nonlinear, deterministic, or stochastic. Accurate diagnosis of real-world dynamics from observed data is crucial to develop valid theory, and to formulate effective public policy based on theory.
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27

Luodonpää-Manni, Milla, Markus Hamunen, Reetta Konstenius, Matti Miestamo, Urpo Nikanne, and Kaius Sinnemäki, eds. Kielentukimuksen menetelmiä I-IV. SKS Finnish Literature Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21435/skst.1457.

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Methods in Linguistics is a collection of articles presenting a broad variety of methods and approaches in the field of linguistics. It offers structure to the spectrum of methodological possibilities and helps the reader to identify the field of application as well as the strengths and weaknesses of different methods. The book consists of an extensive introductory part and a variety of articles, each written by experts of the method in question. It discusses questions related to different kinds of data and data collection, as well as methods used for analysing data. Since the methods used in linguistics are often related to a specific linguistic current, the book offers examples from a wide range of linguistic approaches. The book is addressed to students, researchers and other readers interested in the methods used in linguistics. The general methodological and metatheoretical knowledge offered in the introduction guides the reader through the different methodological choices presented and helps the reader to select the best method to meet her needs. First, the research process is explained step-by-step from the selection of topic and data to questions related to research design, analysis and the reporting of the results. The second part of the introduction focuses on fundamental theoretical and methodological questions, such as the criteria for knowledge, the nature of scientific knowledge and the scientific method. The third part addresses more specifically the methodology of linguistics, discussing the multifaceted nature of natural language and linguistics as a discipline. The introduction also covers many current topics in science, such as research ethics, data protection and open science principles. The book can be used as self-study material by students and researchers alike, or as course material in higher education. Learning is supported by the careful definition of terms, extensive indexes and additional readings suggested for each topic.
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28

Silman, Alan J., Gary J. Macfarlane, and Tatiana Macfarlane. Epidemiological Studies: A Practical Guide. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198814726.001.0001.

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This volume provides a practical, hands on guide to the design, planning, conduct, analysis, and interpretation of epidemiological studies. The learning points are applicable to all human studies of health and disease that require the collection and analysis of data to answer questions on disease risk, health outcomes, and the effects of interventions in ‘real world’ populations. It summarizes the main study designs used in epidemiological from purely quantitative studies to assess incidence and prevalence, to the range of observational studies used in the modern practice of epidemiology. A substantial section is devoted to the practical aspects of conduct of epidemiological studies, balancing scientific quality with practicality: the latter covering issues such as costs and ethics. This book also provides a detailed menu of activities that takes the investigator through all the necessary steps following the collection of individual subject data through to generating the statistically robust results necessary to reach conclusions about the questions asked. It provides insights into how to use existing data (secondary data analysis) to answer epidemiological questions, an increasing activity in this era of ‘big data’. Similarly, with a growing epidemiological literature, with multiple studies seemingly addressing the same question, the volume explores how practically to synthesize the results of such multiple investigations and the role of meta-analysis. The book’s ultimate goal is to provide a practical toolkit to enable the successful completion of questions appropriate for applying epidemiological methods.
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29

KHAKIMOVA, A. G., I. D. FADEEVA, I. N. GAZIZOV, and O. P. MITROFANOVA. WINTER BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) : AGROBIOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION, ADAPTABILITY AND STABILITY OF ACCESSIONS IN THE NORTH OF THE MIDDLE VOLGA REGION. N.I. Vavilov All-Russian Institute of Plant Genetic Resources, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30901/978-5-907145-53-5.

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This publication presents the results of the study covering 136 winter bread wheat accessions from the VIR collection and 30 accessions from the working collection of the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture, affiliated to Kazan Scientific Center of the RAS. Field testing was carried out in 2016–2019 in the fields of the Tatar Research Institute of Agriculture in the north of the Middle Volga Region. The accessions are described in the context of their useful agronomic characters, general and specific adaptability, and relative stability. The resulting data are of interest for plant breeders and wheat research experts.
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30

Ellison, Aaron, and Lubomír Adamec, eds. Carnivorous Plants. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779841.001.0001.

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Carnivorous plants have fascinated botanists, evolutionary biologists, ecologists, physiologists, developmental biologists, anatomists, horticulturalists, and the general public for centuries. Charles Darwin was the first scientist to demonstrate experimentally that some plants could actually attract, kill, digest, and absorb nutrients from insect prey; his book Insectivorous Plants (1875) remains a widely cited classic. Subsequent monographs by Lloyd (1942) and Juniper et al. (1989) summarized and synthesized available scientific data on these remarkable plants. Scientific investigations and understanding of carnivorous plants has evolved and changed dramatically in the nearly 30 years since Juniper et al’s Carnivorous Plants was published, and thousands of scientific papers on carnivorous plants have appeared in the academic literature. In putting together this fourth major work on the biology of carnivorous plants, Ellison and Adamec have assembled the world’s leading experts to provide a truly modern synthesis. The contributing authors examine every aspect of systematics, physiology, biochemistry, genomics, ecology, and evolution of what Darwin called ‘the most wonderful plants in the world,’ and describe the serious threats they now face from over-collection, poaching, habitat loss, and climatic change, which directly threaten their habitats and continued persistence in them. This accessible text is suitable for senior undergraduates, graduate students, and researchers in plant biology, ecology, and evolutionary biology. It will also be of relevance and use to horticulturalists and carnivorous plant enthusiasts.
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31

Pichler, Alois, and Tone Merete Bruvik. Digital Critical Editing. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252038402.003.0007.

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This chapter focuses on the aims of digital critical edition, and offers an organized inventory of tools that can help with collation, edition, research, reading, and conservation. It presents an overview of the tasks that express the ambitions of digital critical edition, while unveiling a classified inventory of techniques used at different levels of data collection, transcription, edition, research, consultation, and archiving. The discussion of these techniques thus provides readers with a natural progression from collection to edition and from edition to use and to conservation. Particular attention is given to tools and techniques that enrich traditional critical editions and facilitate scientific decision making, as well as facilitate, stimulate, and amplify readers' traditional and new access to edited materials.
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32

Molecular Diagnostics and Biological Safety 2021. COVID-19: Epidemiology, Diagnosis and Prophylaxis: Conference Abstracts. Central Research Institute for Epidemiology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/978-5-6045286-2-4.

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The pandemic of the new coronavirus infection has spread to more than 200 countries. To date, over 130 million people have been affected and over 2.8 million have died. COVID-19 infection has a number of specific epidemiological and clinical features. In severe cases of the disease, acute respiratory distress syndrome develops, which is often fatal. The SARS-CoV-2 virus is susceptible to mutations, which alarms the scientific community all over the world. Therefore, scientific research in the field of COVID-19, the search for new diagnostic tools, methods for nonspecific and specific prevention and treatment are central topics today.This collection contains abstracts submitted by leading experts in the field of epidemiology, clinics of infectious diseases, molecular diagnostics, young researchers and medical practitioners. Published materials contain data on the methods of molecular diagnostics of COVID-19, se-quencing of the SARS-CoV-2 genome, epidemiology of new coronavirus infection, immuno-pathogenesis of COVID-19, clinical features of infection and treatment options, as well as the study of post-infectious and post-vaccination immunity and examples of complex measures for nonspecific prevention of COVID-19.The materials of the Congress are of interest to doctors and researchers of all specialties, teachers of secondary and higher educational institutions.
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33

Ricci, Edmund M., Ernesto A. Pretto, Jr., and Knut Ole Sundnes. Disaster Evaluation Research. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198796862.001.0001.

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The ultimate hope and great challenge undertaken by the authors of this volume is to improve disaster preparedness and response efforts globally by providing a standardized way to conduct rigorous and comprehensive scientific evaluative studies of the medical and public health response to these horrific events. It is our strongly held belief that the framework for the conduct of evaluative studies, as developed by specialists in scientific evaluation, offers the most appropriate and comprehensive structure for such studies. Our ‘eight-step approach’ is based upon a conceptual framework that is now widely used by health organizations globally as a basis for the evaluation of community-based medical and public health programs. We contend that many more disaster-related injuries and deaths can be prevented if the concepts and methods of evaluation science are applied to disaster events. In Part 1 of this book we describe the basic concepts and scientific methods used by program evaluation scientists to assess the structure, process, and outcomes of medical and public health interventions. In addition, a detailed description of a comprehensive medical and public health response system is described. In Part 2 we present an eight-step model for conducting an evaluative study of the response, again with a focus on the medical and public health components. Ethical issues that come into play in the conduct of disaster evaluative disaster research, and how these should be addressed, are the focus of Chapter 13. The final chapter offers a look to the future as new technology for data collection becomes available. We are not so naïve as to believe that disaster preparedness and response will change as a direct result of the availability of scientifically conducted assessments. Change requires a double pronged commitment—leaders from both the ranks of government and of the health professions must carefully consider, fund, and adopt policy positions and programs that are based upon the findings and recommendations that emerge from scientific evaluation studies. That is the most certain pathway to a better future.
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Pachankis, John E., and David J. Lick. Sexual Minority Stigma and Health. Edited by Brenda Major, John F. Dovidio, and Bruce G. Link. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190243470.013.29.

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Emerging evidence demonstrates that sexual minority individuals experience disproportionate physical health burdens compared to heterosexuals because of their exposure to stigma. Due in part to increased public recognition of this stigma, recent decades have witnessed the collection of high-quality data exploring its links with adverse health. This chapter reviews this accumulating evidence. It first describes historical trends that have enabled the scientific study of sexual minority physical health. Next, it reviews sexual orientation disparities in physical health and factors that have been proposed to account for these disparities, with a particular focus on stigma and minority stress as precursors of adverse health. It then outlines potential cognitive–affective, behavioral, and physiological processes linking minority stress with poor health. It also highlights bidirectional processes that might operate between stigma and health. The chapter concludes by suggesting several promising opportunities for future research in this nascent field of inquiry.
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35

Schor, Paul. Whether to Name or Count Slaves. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199917853.003.0005.

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This chapter considers developments leading up to the census of 1850, heralded as the “first scientific census” of the United States. It made a clean break with its predecessors and solidified the influence of the reformer statisticians who found in it a way to make up for the catastrophic census of 1840. The most important change was the shift from the familial level for collection of information to individual data: a whole line of the principal schedule was devoted to each member of a family. The other great innovation was the division of the census into six separate schedules: free inhabitants; slaves; mortality (information on persons who had died during the past year); agriculture; manufactures; and social statistics (taxes; numbers of schools, of newspapers, of churches; criminality; and libraries within the district). Enumerating slaves led to intense political debates in Congress in the context of the sectional crisis.
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36

Hook, Sharon, Graeme Batley, Michael Holloway, Paul Irving, and Andrew Ross, eds. Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook. CSIRO Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486306350.

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Oil spills can be difficult to manage, with reporting frequently delayed. Too often, by the time responders arrive at the scene, the slick has moved, dissolved, dispersed or sunk. This Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook provides practical advice on what information is likely required following the accidental release of oil or other petroleum-based products into the marine environment. The book focuses on response phase monitoring for maritime spills, otherwise known as Type I or operational monitoring. Response phase monitoring tries to address the questions – what? where? when? how? how much? – that assist responders to find, track, predict and clean up spills, and to assess their efforts. Oil spills often occur in remote, sensitive and logistically difficult locations, often in adverse weather, and the oil can change character and location over time. An effective response requires robust information provided by monitoring, observation, sampling and science. The Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook completely updates the Australian Maritime Safety Authority’s 2003 edition of the same name, taking into account the latest scientific advances in physical, chemical and biological monitoring, many of which have evolved as a consequence of major oil spill disasters in the last decade. It includes sections on the chemical properties of oil, the toxicological impacts of oil exposure, and the impacts of oil exposure on different marine habitats with relevance to Australia and elsewhere. An overview is provided on how monitoring integrates with the oil spill response process, the response organisation, the use of decision-support tools such as net environmental benefit analysis, and some of the most commonly used response technologies. Throughout the text, examples are given of lessons learned from previous oil spill incidents and responses, both local and international. General guidance of spill monitoring approaches and technologies is augmented with in-depth discussion on both response phase and post-response phase monitoring design and delivery. Finally, a set of appendices delivers detailed standard operating procedures for practical observation, sample and data collection. The Oil Spill Monitoring Handbook is essential reading for scientists within the oil industry and environmental and government agencies; individuals with responder roles in industry and government; environmental and ecological monitoring agencies and consultants; and members of the maritime sector in Australia and abroad, including officers in ports, shipping and terminals.
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