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Journal articles on the topic 'Scientific instrument collections'
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1
Alberti, Samuel J. M. M. "Shaping scientific instrument collections." Journal of the History of Collections 31, no. 3 (November 29, 2018): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhy046.
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Abstract Many histories of scientific instruments concentrate on their manufacture and original function, but such artefacts as survive often do so in collections – many will have spent far longer in a museum than anywhere else. Alongside the rich literature on the history of scientific instruments, accordingly, there is a body of work on the histories of scientific instrument collections. This survey outlines genres and themes in the historiography of scientific instruments, focusing in particular on display and other collection-based functions. Fluid and contingent, collections are instrumental in the history, heritage, and historiography of science.
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Alberti, Samuel J. M. M. "Scientific instrument curators in Britain." Journal of the History of Collections 31, no. 3 (August 21, 2018): 519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhy027.
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Abstract From the mid-1960s a new breed of scientific instrument curators emerged in the United Kingdom. This small community of practice developed in parallel to but distinctly from the expanding generation of university historians of science and other cognate museum sub-professions. Presenting the trajectories, experiences and practices of personnel in British scientific instrument collections, especially the Royal Scottish Museum in Edinburgh, this article explores how networks of interest around collections shaped the museum sector in later twentieth-century Britain. With particular objects – especially eighteenth-century instruments – the ‘brass brigade’ built a discipline.
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FIELD, J. V. "WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC ABOUT A SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENT? *." Nuncius 3, no. 2 (1988): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539178x00303.
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Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>This paper is concerned with the relationship between scientific instruments and their corresponding science, and thus with the relationship between the studies of the history of instruments and the history of science. It discusses these relationships chiefly with reference to astronomy and related mathematical sciences in the period from about 1400 to 1650, but also suggests possible parellels in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century astronomy. On the basis of this analysis, it is suggested that the history of instruments, which at present is largely conceived as the history of instruments like those to be found in museums or private collections, is of most importance to those historians of science who are interested in exploring its social context.
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Taub, Liba. "What is a scientific instrument, now?" Journal of the History of Collections 31, no. 3 (December 7, 2018): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhy045.
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Abstract In 1990, Deborah Jean Warner, a curator at the Smithsonian Institution, published her now-classic article ‘What is a scientific instrument, when did it become one, and why?’. These questions were prompted by practical curatorial considerations: what was she supposed to collect for her museum? Today, we are still considering questions of what we collect for the future, why, and how. These questions have elicited some new and perhaps surprising answers since the publication of Warner’s article, sometimes – but not only – as a reflection of changing technologies and laboratory practices, and also as a result of changes in those disciplines that study science, including history of science and philosophy of science. In focusing attention on meanings associated with scientific instrument collections, and thinking about what objects are identified as scientific instruments, I consider how definitions of instruments influence what is collected and preserved.
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Dunn, Richard, and Megan Barford. "Scientific instrument collections in the creation of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich." Journal of the History of Collections 31, no. 3 (October 17, 2018): 503–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhy035.
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Abstract This paper considers the role of private collections in the formation of the scientific instrument collection of the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich. Thanks largely to the support of a rich shipping owner, James Caird, and guided by its first director, Geoffrey Callender, the museum was able voraciously to collect objects of all types in the two decades after its foundation in the 1930s. Concentrating on the acquisition by purchase and through loan of four substantial groups of instruments previously in private hands, the paper considers the museum’s motives and some of their consequences with respect to the collecting of scientific instruments; it also addresses questions concerning the scope and nature of the relationship between the scientific and the maritime in the creation of a new national museum.
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Tybjerg, Karin. "Sharp and telling." Journal of the History of Collections 31, no. 3 (October 22, 2018): 547–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhy036.
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Abstract Surgical instrument collections have been used in a multitude of ways – as tools, taxonomies, teaching aids, representation, historical highlights and public displays – and they provide a key to understanding the shifting relations between surgery, medical museums and medical history. Tracing the uses of the surgical instrument collections from the Royal Danish Academy of Surgery and the Medical Historical Museum at the University of Copenhagen reveals a network of disciplinary and institutional changes from the late nineteenth to early twenty-first century. The history of the collections maps relations between scientific and cultural historical collections and between medicine and history. In the same way as surgical instruments have connected the surgeon’s hand to the patients’ body, the surgical instrument collections connect together the public, medical practice and history.
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LUALDI, ALBERTO. "REPERTORIO DEI COSTRUTTORI ITALIANI DI STRUMENTI SCIENTIFICI." Nuncius 15, no. 1 (2000): 169–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539100x00489.
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Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title A biographical inventory of Italian scientific instrument makers has been conducted through extensive research in public and private collections throughout the world. The time-span is comprised between the 16th and the 18th centuries for each maker information about his signed and dated instruments, categories, collections and references has been given. As the first attempt of a listing of Italian makers, it must be considered as a work in progress. In a short time the text will be transfered on Internet to allow new additions and the corrections brought by the continuation of research.
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LTHY, CHRISTOPH. "MUSEUM SPACES AND SPACES OF SCIENCE. REFLECTIONS ON THE EXPLANATORY POSSIBILITIES OF HISTORY OF SCIENCE COLLECTIONS." Nuncius 20, no. 2 (2005): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539105x00051.
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Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title Historians of science have been discussing the degree to which local scientific and social practices and circumstances may be taken into account before 'the history of science' as a coherent narrative implodes. This article argues that museum curators face related issues, albeit of a more complicated order, when deciding how to present historical scientific instruments. A number of these issues are discussed here. One of them concerns 'functional isometry', a term that refers to the ability of an historical instrument to perform its original functions also within the museum. It is shown that 'functional isometry' tends to disappear between the early modern and the modern period, just as the self-explanatory capacity of scientific instruments generally decreases. Indeed, there appears to be a discontinuity between early modern and modern instruments with regard to their ability to be exhibited in their functional context. This article concludes on a reflection on the implication of these findings for science museums.
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Ackermann, Silke, and Louise Devoy. "Humfrey Cole Revisited." Nuncius 36, no. 1 (April 1, 2021): 67–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18253911-bja10008.
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Abstract England’s first native scientific instrument maker, Humfrey Cole (c. 1530–1591), is well-known to historians thanks to a collection of twenty-six instruments and a map of Palestine that survive today in public and private ownership. Two recently studied instruments have enhanced our knowledge of Cole’s work: i) an horary quadrant, signed and dated 1573, now in the collections of the British Museum, and ii) an astronomical compendium, signed and dated 1590, held in a private collection. The unusual design of the horary quadrant demonstrates Cole’s versatile approach in adapting his products for specific customers, while certain features on the astronomical compendium, possibly the last piece ever made by Cole, suggest that he was aware of his final days and passed on his work to a younger maker, James Kynvyn (c. 1550–1615), hinting at a possible collaborative working relationship between these two generations of instrument makers in Elizabethan London.
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Androulakis, Steve, Ashley M. Buckle, Ian Atkinson, David Groenewegen, Nick Nicholas, Andrew Treloar, and Anthony Beitz. "ARCHER – e-Research Tools for Research Data Management." International Journal of Digital Curation 4, no. 1 (June 29, 2009): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/ijdc.v4i1.75.
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With new scientific instruments growing exponentially in their capability to generate research data, new infrastructure needs to be developed and deployed to allow researchers to effectively and securely manage their research data from collection, publication, and eventual dissemination to research communities. In particular, researchers need to be able to easily acquire data from instruments, store and manage potentially large quantities of data, easily process the data, share research resources and work spaces with colleagues both inside and outside of their institution, search and discover across their accessible collections, and easily publish datasets and related research artefacts. The ARCHER Project has developed production-ready generic e-Research infrastructure including: a Research Repository; Scientific Dataset Managers (both a web and desktop application); Distributed Integrated Multi-Sensor and Instrument Middleware; and a Collaborative Workspace Environment. Institutions can selectively deploy these components to greatly assist their researchers in managing their research data.
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Brundtland, Terje. "Francis Hauksbee and his air pump." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 66, no. 3 (July 11, 2012): 253–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2012.0023.
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Francis Hauksbee was active in London between 1699 and 1713. During those years he built scientific instruments, gave public lectures on natural philosophy and worked as a curator of experiments for the Royal Society. His most celebrated instrument is the double-barrelled air pump, which represents the ‘state of the art’ of eighteenth-century vacuum technology in Britain. Based on original texts and an examination of extant pumps of this design, this article offers a description of the air pump and an account of some of the experiments performed with it. In addition, notes on existing Hauksbee pumps to be found in modern museums and collections are provided.
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Shchitova, Svitlana, and Ivan Laskurin. "The improvements balalayka repertoire in the XX century." Музикознавча думка Дніпропетровщини, no. 18 (November 16, 2020): 158–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33287/222026.
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The purpose of this article is to reveal the features of concert and instrumental music for balalaika in the 20th century by the example of the Concert for balalaika with orchestra by P. Gaydamaki. The methods of this scientific item are based on the research ways of historical and performing analysis. There is using of empirical methods, a namely observation and generalization. The scientific novelty for this investigation is determined by the appeal to the compositions of the academic instrumental repertoire of the balalaika of the 20th century, as the least studied cultural and historical period in the field of academic balalaika performing. Conclusions. The formation and development of the balalaika as an academic tool, began its journey from the 20th century and continues today. A historically significant role in this belongs to the outstanding composer, teacher, performer, conductor, arranger Vasily Vasilievich Andreev and his followers. Today, balalaika as an instrument is actively developing in Ukraine. The repertoire is replenished with new works, new methodological collections are issued, the instrument continues to sound both solo and as an integral part of folk ensembles of small and large forms, orchestras. Since 1965, the genre of solo balalaika concert in Ukraine begins its history. One of its first authors can be considered Peter Danilovich Gaydamakа. The concert of P. Gaydamakа, which became the material of our research, is an example of the use of new achievements in performing, technical techniques, finding balance, dynamic and timbral correspondence for parts of balalaika and orchestra. The Concerto for balalaika and orchestra by P. Gaydamakа is having a big form as a base. Difficulties in realizing the large form for the balalaika, problems in building the dramaturgy of the material, the difficulty of balancing the dynamic and expressive capabilities of the instrument, prompt composers to further discoveries that contribute to the expansion of the repertoire for balalaika as an academic instrument in Ukraine.
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Skyba, Yurii. "SWOT ANALYSIS AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR IDENTIFYING THE POTENTIAL OF ACADEMIC PERSONNEL OF UNIVERSITIES." Educological discourse, no. 3 (2020): 86–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.28925/2312-5829.2020.3.6.
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The article presents the results of SWOT-analysis of the potential of the academic staff of highly rated universities in Ukraine (Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, National Technical University of Ukraine «Igor Sikorsky Kyiv Polytechnic Institute», Sumy State University). A theoretical analysis of scientific sources on the research problem was carried out and the possibility of using SWOT-analysis to identify strengths and weaknesses, threats and opportunities for developing the potential of academic staff was substantiated. Based on the analysis of the types of activities carried out by the academic staff, the criteria for assessing the resources and capabilities of universities for its development were developed, in particular: universities in international and domestic ratings; quantitative composition and age structure of academic staff; university resources for developing the capacity of academic staff; publication activity of academic staff; motivation and stimulation of academic staff; indicators of academic mobility of academic staff. Based on the analysis of official open resources, the strengths of the universities under study were found out, namely: competent academic staff, and the availability of various resources for its development, in particular postgraduate studies, doctoral studies, constantly working specialized academic councils, scientific journals and collections, a large network of international relations and international research contracts. At the same time, the weaknesses of the universities under study are: a high proportion of academic staff of respectable age, the lack of interest in universities in attracting successful practitioners who do not have academic degrees to the educational process, and the insufficient participation of foreign academic workers in the educational process.
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Gordov, E. P., V. N. Lykosov, and A. Z. Fazliev. "Web portal on environmental sciences "ATMOS''." Advances in Geosciences 8 (June 6, 2006): 33–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-8-33-2006.
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Abstract. The developed under INTAS grant web portal ATMOS (http://atmos.iao.ru and http://atmos.scert.ru) makes available to the international research community, environmental managers, and the interested public, a bilingual information source for the domain of Atmospheric Physics and Chemistry, and the related application domain of air quality assessment and management. It offers access to integrated thematic information, experimental data, analytical tools and models, case studies, and related information and educational resources compiled, structured, and edited by the partners into a coherent and consistent thematic information resource. While offering the usual components of a thematic site such as link collections, user group registration, discussion forum, news section etc., the site is distinguished by its scientific information services and tools: on-line models and analytical tools, and data collections and case studies together with tutorial material. The portal is organized as a set of interrelated scientific sites, which addressed basic branches of Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Modeling as well as the applied domains of Air Quality Assessment and Management, Modeling, and Environmental Impact Assessment. Each scientific site is open for external access information-computational system realized by means of Internet technologies. The main basic science topics are devoted to Atmospheric Chemistry, Atmospheric Spectroscopy and Radiation, Atmospheric Aerosols, Atmospheric Dynamics and Atmospheric Models, including climate models. The portal ATMOS reflects current tendency of Environmental Sciences transformation into exact (quantitative) sciences and is quite effective example of modern Information Technologies and Environmental Sciences integration. It makes the portal both an auxiliary instrument to support interdisciplinary projects of regional environment and extensive educational resource in this important domain.
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FRANZA, ANNARITA, ROSANNA FABOZZI, LETIZIA VEZZOSI, LUCIANA FANTONI, and GIOVANNI PRATESI. "THE CATALOG OF THE MINERALOGICAL COLLECTION OF THE EMPEROR LEOPOLD II (1747–1792): COLLECTING AND LEARNING IN EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY EUROPE." Earth Sciences History 38, no. 2 (November 1, 2019): 173–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6178-38.2.173.
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ABSTRACT The Collectio Mineralium (1765) currently preserved at the Historical Archive of the Natural History Museum of the University of Firenze, is the unpublished catalog of the mineralogical collection that belonged to Emperor Leopold II (1747–1792). The catalog is a 110-page register, with the golden emblem of the House of Habsburg at the center of the binding, containing information about 242 mineralogical samples. Each specimen is carefully described (i.e., habit, metal content, product value) and its locality given. The interpretation of the text has also returned information on most of the mining deposits in the Austro-Hungarian territories in the eighteenth century. Therefore, the interpretation of this catalog—that on the basis of the literature appears to be the first catalog of a collection belonged to a Habsburg emperor—represents an important step toward enhancing our understanding of Habsburg natural history collections and reflected the transition from wonder-rooms to commodity collecting. Leopold's private collection was no longer an ‘instrument of wonder’ but it became representative of scientific collecting characterized by the establishment of systematic mineralogy, and by a careful economic evaluation of the mineralogical samples collected as a symbol of the power of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
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Shinta, Debi, and Dadan Rosana. "DEVELOPING PERFORMANCE ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT FOR MEASURING SCIENTIFIC ATTITUDES." Jurnal Kependidikan: Penelitian Inovasi Pembelajaran 1, no. 1 (July 12, 2017): 67–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jk.v1i1.8421.
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This study was aimed at developing an instrument of performance assessment based on the 7E learning cycle model and finding out the result of students’ scientific attitude measurement using the instrument. The study was conducted by adapting the Borg and Gall research method. The subjects of this study were students of grade eight of State Junior High School 2 Binangun, Cilacap, Central Java. Data were obtained from: first, experts’ judgements in determining the content validity of the instrument. Second, scores of the limited field try-out used in determining the reliability of the instrument, data collection instruments in the form of observation sheet, self assessment, and peer assessment. Third, students’ scientific attitudes in field try-out used to show the result of the measurement using the instrument. Findings show that the developed instrument of performance assessment is valid and reliable; and feasible to be used for measuring scientific attittudes, with measurement results in the good category equally for the three data collection instrumentsPENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN PENILAIAN KINERJAUNTUK MENGUKUR SIKAP ILMIAHPenelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan instrumen performance assessment berbasis model learning cycle 7E yang layak digunakan dan mengetahui hasil pengukuran sikap ilmiah menggunakan instrumen yang telah dikembangkan. Penelitian ini dikembangkan dengan adaptasi model Borg and Gall. Subjek uji coba yaitu peserta didik kelas VIII SMP Negeri 2 Binangun, Kabupaten Cilacap, Provinsi Jawa Tengah. Data dalam penelitian ini diperoleh melalui: pertama, penilaian berdasarkan masukan para ahli, untuk menentukan validitas isi instrumen. Kedua, hasil uji coba terbatas untuk menentukan reliabilitas instrumen, instrumen pengumpulan data berupa lembar observasi, penilaian diri, dan penilaian antarteman. Ketiga, data hasil sikap ilmiah peserta didik pada uji coba lapangan digunakan untuk mengetahui hasil pengukuran dengan instrumen yang telah dikembangkan. Instrumen performance assessment berbasis model learning cycle 7E yang dikembangkan dinyatakan valid dan reliabel sehingga layak digunakan serta terbukti dapat digunakan untuk mengukur sikap ilmiah peserta didik dengan hasil ukur pada kategori baik yang setara pada ketiga instrumen pengumpulan data
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Hassell, Kathryn L., James R. Eckman, Elizabeth S. Klings, Robert J. Adams, Julie A. Panepinto, Tracey Grant, Wayne Huggins, et al. "Sickle Cell Disease Measures in the Phenx Toolkit." Blood 126, no. 23 (December 3, 2015): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v126.23.281.281.
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Abstract Background: Common measures and common data elements (CDEs) for sickle cell disease (SCD) are needed to help improve data quality and data comparability necessary for meta-analyses, guidelines development, and implementation science. In recent years, the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) has undertaken several activities to develop CDEs and measures for SCD. These include developing 1) the Sickle Cell Quality of Life Measurement Information System (ASCQ-Me); 2) clinical practice recommendations for the management of SCD; and 3) a lexicon and consensus definitions for the most frequently occurring complications of SCD. In 2014, the NHLBI funded an Administrative Supplement to the PhenX Toolkit to identify common measures to further promote data comparability across SCD research. The Web-based PhenX Toolkit (consensus measures for Phen otypes and eX posures, https://www.phenxtoolkit.org/) provides a catalog of 449 standard measures and associated interoperability resources to help investigators improve quality of data collection and identify opportunities for collaborative research. The development and maintenance of PhenX Toolkit content is driven by the scientific research community. A Steering Committee, comprised of 11 scientists with a wide range of expertise, provides overarching guidance for the project and Working Groups (WG) of subject matter experts select measures for inclusion the PhenX Toolkit. Methods: An 11 member Sickle Cell Disease Research and Scientific Panel (SRSP) was assembled to provide guidance to the project, establish a Core Collection of SCD-related measures, and to define the scope of two Specialty Collections: 1) Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Renal Complications and 2) Neuroglogy, Quality of Life, and Health Services. For each Specialty Collection, a Working Group (WG) of seven SCD experts was convened to select high priority measures for inclusion in the Toolkit. Each WG selected representative measures available in the published literature or already in the Toolkit using a consensus process which included input from the scientific community. For each measure, the Toolkit provides a description of the measure, the rationale for its inclusion, detailed protocol(s), and supporting documentation. The Toolkit also provides data collection worksheets and data dictionaries to help integrate PhenX measures into their study design. To support investigators who want to collect data via the Web, PhenX protocols are available as REDCap Instrument Zip files. Results: The Sickle Cell Disease Core and Specialty Collections were released into the Toolkit in August of 2015. The Core Collection, which includes 25 measures covering demographics, socioeconomic status, anthropometrics, pulse oximetry, hemoglobin characterization, history of transfusion, and SCD-related pain episodes, is recommended for use by all NHLBI-funded investigators performing human subjects SCD research. The Specialty Collections are recommended for use within more specialized research areas. The Cardiovascular, Pulmonary, and Renal Specialty Collection includes 11 measures that address heart disease, lung function, and biomarkers for hemolysis, anemia, and iron overload. The Neurology, Quality of Life, and Health Services Specialty Collection includes 8 measures that address developmental delays, stroke risk factors and outcomes, quality of life, and quality of care. A list of other potentially relevant measures from the Toolkit was also developed and annotated for SCD. These measures, including the process, criteria, and rationale for their selection, will be presented. We now have consensus phenotypes of complications in SCD that are available for use in future clinical and epidemiologic studies and for use in harmonizing data across previous studies Implications: For researchers, adoption and use of PhenX standard measures will promote collaborations with clinicians and patients, facilitate cross-study analysis domestically and internationally, accelerate translational research, and lead to greater understanding of phenotypes and epigenetics in SCD. For clinicians, using PhenX measures will help improve patient care and quality of life. Consistent use of these standard measures will establish a common currency to help better understand the etiology, progression, and treatment of SCD. Funding provided by U01 HG004597 and U41 HG007050. Disclosures Klings: Pfizer: Consultancy; Actelion Pharmaceuticals: Research Funding. Panepinto:HRSA, NIH: Research Funding; NKT Therapeutics, Inc: Consultancy.
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Stevenson, Robert. "A three-pronged strategy to improve trust in biodiversity data produced by citizen science programs." Biodiversity Information Science and Standards 2 (May 17, 2018): e25838. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/biss.2.25838.
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The quality of data produced by citizen science (CS) programs has been called into question by academic scientists, governments, and corporations. Their doubts arise because they perceive CS groups as intruding on the rightful opportunities of standard science and industry organizations, because of a normal skepticism of novel approaches, and because of a lack of understanding of how CS produces data. I propose a three-pronged strategy to overcome these objections and improve trust in CS data. Develop methods for CS programs to advertise their efforts in data quality control and quality assurance (QCQA). As a first step the PPSR core could incorporate a field that would allow programs to point to webpages that document the QAQC practices of each program. It is my experience that many programs think carefully about data quality, but the CS community currently lacks an established protocol to share this information. Define and implement best practices for generating biodiversity data using different methods. Wiggins et al. 2011 published a list of approaches that can be used for QCQA in CS projects but how these approaches should be implemented has not been systematically investigated. Measure and report data quality. If one takes the point of view that citizen science is akin to a new category of scientific instruments, then the ideas of instrument measurement and calibration can be applied CS. Scientists are well aware that any instrument needs to be calibrated before its efficacy can be established. However, because CS is new approach, the specific procedures needed for different kinds of programs are just now being worked out for the first time. Develop methods for CS programs to advertise their efforts in data quality control and quality assurance (QCQA). As a first step the PPSR core could incorporate a field that would allow programs to point to webpages that document the QAQC practices of each program. It is my experience that many programs think carefully about data quality, but the CS community currently lacks an established protocol to share this information. Define and implement best practices for generating biodiversity data using different methods. Wiggins et al. 2011 published a list of approaches that can be used for QCQA in CS projects but how these approaches should be implemented has not been systematically investigated. Measure and report data quality. If one takes the point of view that citizen science is akin to a new category of scientific instruments, then the ideas of instrument measurement and calibration can be applied CS. Scientists are well aware that any instrument needs to be calibrated before its efficacy can be established. However, because CS is new approach, the specific procedures needed for different kinds of programs are just now being worked out for the first time. The strategy outlined above faces some specific challenges. Citizen science biodiversity programs must address two important problems that standard scientific entities encounter when sampling and monitoring biodiversity. The first is correctly identifying species. For citizens this can be a problem because they often do not have the training and background of scientist teams. Likewise, it may be difficult for CS projects to manage updating and maintaining the taxonomies of the species being investigated. A second set of challenges is the diverse kinds of biodiversity data collected by CS programs. For instances, Notes from Nature decodes that labels of museum specimens, Snapshot Serengeti identifies species of large mammals from camera trap photographs, iNaturalist collections images of species and then has a crowdsource identification processs, while eBird collects observations of birds that are immediately filtered with computer algorithms for review by the observer and if, subsequently flagged, reviewed by a local expert. Each of these programs likely requires a different set of best practices and methods to measure data quality.
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Khaikunova, Nina Anatol'evna, and Ekaterina Aleksandrovna Vinogradova. "Stone industry of the Kamennobalkovsky culture – current state of research (on the materials of the 2nd cultural layer of sites Kamennaya Balka II and Tretiy Mys)." Исторический журнал: научные исследования, no. 5 (May 2020): 66–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.7256/2454-0609.2020.5.34301.
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The subject of this research is the collection of tools from the middle cultural layers of Upper Paleolithic monuments Kamennaya Balka II and the Tretiy Mys located in the Lower Don. The monuments that have been studied over the course of 50 years by scientific archaeological expeditions of Moscow University and State Historical Museum required additional examination and clarification of the main characteristics of stone industry, according to which was determined the Kamennobalkovsky Paleolithic culture. The traditional typological method of research was applied in working with the collections. The basic categories of tools processed via morphological analysis served as the foundation for this research. The author describes and compares the main categories of instrument, such as microliths with a blunted point, incisors, scrapers, burins, scaly and denticulate tools. The author identified and verified the signs that confirm similarity of the monuments and discrepancies in morphology of the groups and categories of tools. As a result, belonging of the middle cultural layers of monuments to Kamennobalkovsky culture was verified, which implies the 1,500-2,000 years of existence and development of the culture. It is also noted that the differences can be of temporal or industrial in nature at different sites of the monuments. The inventory of the main cultural layer of Kamennaya Balka II and 2nd cultural layer of the site Tretiy Mys is characterized with individual attributes that are distinct from the earlier or later layers of Kamennaya Balka sites.
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Kulikov, I. M., S. M. Evdokimenko, T. A. Tumaeva, A. V. Kelina, F. F. Sazonov, N. V. Andronova, and M. A. Podgaetsky. "Scientific support of small fruit growing in Russia and prospects for its development." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 25, no. 4 (July 10, 2021): 414–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj21.046.
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It is possible to achieve the target indices of the Russian Doctrine of Food Security (self-sufficiency in fruits and berries should be at least 60 %) by combining the competencies of science and business. At present, hundreds of varieties of small fruit crops are included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements Admitted for Use. Domestic breeders have obtained substantial results; the share of their assortment is 79–100 %. Federal Research Center of Horticulture (Moscow) (101 pcs.), Federal Altai Research Center of Agrobiotechnology (Barnaul) (85 pcs.), Michurin Federal Research Center (Michurinsk) (42 pcs.) are the leaders in the number of created hybrids and varieties. Over the past five years, 133 new breeding achievements of traditional small fruit crops have been submitted to the State variety testing, the originators of which are research institutions, private companies and individuals. The creation of modern seed-breeding (nursery-breeding) centers (SBC) on the basis of leading specialized research institutions is expected to be the solution to the problems of modern breeding and nursery breeding and to give impetus to the development of domestic small fruit growing. The research programs of the SBC involve an integrated approach that combines the knowledge and capabilities of researchers from different disciplines, the concentration of a complex analytical instrument base in the Centers of collective use, the using of biotechnological and molecular genetic research, along with traditional methods of breeding. An analysis of the achievements in small fruit growing in research institutions under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation revealed a huge scientific potential (genetic collections, hybrid funds) for creating competitive commercial varieties and technologies for their cultivation by establishing plantations with certified planting material in accordance with international requirements. Information from literary sources indicates that one of the main criteria for the value of varieties is resistance to harmful viral diseases. The cultivation of such varieties will reduce the cost of producing planting material for small fruit crops of the highest quality categories. In the near future, the most relevant areas for the breeding of small fruit crops will be: breeding for resistance to the most harmful viruses, winter hardiness, increased transportability and long-term post-harvest storage of fruits, suitability for mechanized cultivation, high content of biologically active substances.
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Kremer, Richard L. "European Collections of Scientific Instruments, 1550-1750." Annals of Science 70, no. 3 (October 4, 2011): 423–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00033790.2010.518771.
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Simsek Franci, Gulsu. "Handheld X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) Versus Wavelength Dispersive XRF: Characterization of Chinese Blue-and-White Porcelain Sherds Using Handheld and Laboratory-Type XRF Instruments." Applied Spectroscopy 74, no. 3 (December 18, 2019): 314–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003702819890645.
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Almost all archaeometric studies on Chinese ceramics are carried out on the excavation materials. Therefore, a detailed, comparable database that defines different workshops and production periods already exists. But the masterpieces preserved at museums, art galleries, and/or private collections, which are artistically considered as genuine artifacts, also require similar scientific investigations to define their provenance and authenticity. The research on artworks is only possible with the use of portable, noninvasive techniques that are developing daily concerning their capability of detection limits, rate of measurement, and ease of use. In this study, the results obtained with a handheld X-ray fluorescence (XRF) (also called portable XRF) and wavelength dispersive XRF instrument were compared to evidence the efficiency and drawbacks of the portable model. To achieve this goal, 12 sherds, which represent blue-and-white porcelains of Yuan and Ming Dynasties (China), were analyzed and the chemical composition of the body, glaze, and blue decor were identified. The comparison of the results with the measurements carried out on the excavation materials, which are produced in both southern and northern China, revealed the authenticity of the artifacts. Even sodium cannot be detected with portable XRF, the distinction of different production centers is possible with the detection of major (Mg, Al, Si, K, Ca), minor (Fe, Ti), and trace elements (Zr, Sr, Rb).
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Blum, Mark E. "Otto Bauer and the Philosophy of Praxis – Then and Now." Historical Materialism 24, no. 2 (June 30, 2016): 245–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1569206x-12341462.
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Otto Bauer (1881–1938) has emerged once more in the thought of Western Marxists. The dominant theoretical voice of the Austrian Social Democrats in the late Austrian-Hungarian Empire and the First Austrian Republic, Bauer was re-examined in the 1970s and ’80s as ‘the third way’ was being explored in European politics by Eurocommunists. Bauer again is being discussed in the twenty-first century as not only a European ‘third way’, but as a model for nations across the globe. Bauer’s vision theoretically as well as tactically between 1919 and 1934, when Austrian fascism ended the political efforts of Austrian Social Democracy, was of a pluralist parliamentary governance that sought through party coalitions and the influence of social experiment a developing societal praxis whose socialist principles would realise eventually Marx’s understanding of a classless society. A gradualism in long-range strategy and tactics would lead democratically to greater collective coexistence embracing differing cultures within and beyond separate nations. Reviewed here are five publications between 2005 and 2011 which are either thoughtfully supportive or critically dismissive of Bauer’s multi-cultural models for the socialist coexistence of communities and nations. Two conference collections and three books on Bauer’s thought and political life enable the contemporary mind to evaluate the seminal promise of Bauer’s Marxist understanding, where for him Marxism was a social-scientific instrument to guide societal development.
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Khorolsky, M. D., I. S. Semenova, E. V. Melnikova, and Yu V. Olefir. "The Use of Short Tandem Repeat Analysis for Cell Line Authentication." BIOpreparations. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment 19, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 251–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2221-996x-2019-19-4-251-260.
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Short tandem repeat analysis (STR) is a well-established international method of authentication and genetic stability testing of cell lines (CLs). Therefore, the development and introduction of this method into routine practice of cell banks and cell culture collections is a pressing concern. In addition, the expansion of the field of cell-line based biomedical cell products (BСPs) necessitates the implementation of STR as a tool of identification testing during quality control. The State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation does not require mandatory use of STR for cell line identification, while other countries have been using this method for cell line quality control for about a decade. The use of identified CLs in medical practice will ensure the efficacy and safety of BCPs.The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using STR analysis for authentication and genetic stability testing of CLs using U937, WISH, WIL2-S, NK-92, and Jurkat Clone E6-1 CLs as examples.Materials and methods: the following human CLs were used in the study: U937 (ECACC), WISH (ATCC), WIL2S (ATCC), NK-92 (ATCC), and Jurkat Clone E6-1 (ATCC). The CL allelic profiles were determined by STR using the COrDIS Plus kit (Gordiz, Russia). The electrophoretic separation was performed using a Genetic Analyzer 3500 Series instrument. The data provided on the websites of the European Collection of Authenticated Cell Cultures and American Type Culture Collection were used to compare the CL profiles.Results: the AuthentiFiler PCR Amplification Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) and the GenePrint 10 System (Promega Corporation, USA) intended for CL authentication by STR were compared with the characteristics of the COrDIS plus kit (Gordiz, Russia). The results of the comparison demonstrated that the COrDIS plus kit includes all the loci found in the foreign kits, as well as the loci recommended by the International Cell Line Authentication Committee. The U-937, WIL2S, and NK-92 CLs demonstrated genetic identity with the reference profiles available on the websites of the international collections. The Jurkat Clone E6-1 CL was found to be genetically instable due to the loss of the amelogenin gene.Conclusions: it was demonstrated by the examples of U937, WISH, WIL2-S, NK-92, and Jurkat Clone E6-1 CLs that STR and the COrDIS plus kit could be used for authentication and genetic stability testing. The obtained results suggest the feasibility of using the COrDIS plus kit for the analysis of CLs used in BCPs, for BCP quality control, and biomedical research.
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Hamsyah, Devitia, Lesy Luzyawati, and Eva Yuliana. "Validitas Instrumen Penalaran Ilmiah pada Materi Sistem Pertahanan Tubuh Kelas XI." Quagga: Jurnal Pendidikan dan Biologi 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2020): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25134/quagga.v13i1.3474.
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Abstrak: Pada abad ke 21 kemampuan bernalar merupakan kemampuan yang harus dimiliki siswa dalam memecahkan permasalahan dan proses pembelajaran harus dapat menilai penalaran ilmiah siswa. Akan tetapi hasil lapangan menemukan bahwa pada beberapa guru biologi belum pernah melakukan penilaian penalaran ilmiah pada siswa, sehingga penelitian ini akan mengembangkan instrumen penalaran ilmiah pada materi sistem pertahanan tubuh. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui validitas produk instrumen penalaran ilmiah. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian pengembangan (R&D) dengan pendekatan model 4 D (Define, Design, Develop and Dessiminate). Populasi sampel yang diambil dalam penelitian ini adalah 5 validator yang terdiri dari 3 Dosen sebagai ahli penalaran ilmiah, ahli materi dan 2 Guru praktisi. Teknik pengambilan sampel menggunakan purposive sample. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan lembar validasi dan lembar wawancara. Hasil validasi yang dilakukan dua kali berada pada kategori validitas sangat tinggi, hal ini menunjukan bahwa produk instrumen penalaran ilmiah pada materi sistem pertahanan tubuh kelas XI yang peneliti kembangkan layak untuk digunakan.Kata Kunci: Instrumen penilaian; penalaran ilmiah; sistem pertahanan tubuh�Abstract: In the 21st century the ability to reason is an ability that students must have in solving problems. In this case the learning process must be able to assess students' scientific reasoning. However, the field results found that some biology teachers have never conducted scientific reasoning assessments on students, so this research will develop scientific reasoning instruments on the body's defense system material. The purpose of this study was to determine the product validity of scientific reasoning instruments. Type of research is development research (R&D) with a 4 D model approach (Define, Design, Develop and Dessiminate). The sample population taken in this study were 5 validators consisting of 3 lecturers as scientific reasoning experts, material experts and 2 teacher practitioners. The sampling technique used purposive sample. Data collection techniques using validation sheets and interview sheets. The results of the validation that were carried out twice were in the very high validity category, This shows that the product of scientific reasoning instruments in the class XI body defense system material that the researcher developed is suitable for use.Keywords: Assessment instrument; scientific reasoning; body defense system
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Case, Stephen. ""Insufferably Stupid or Miserably Out of Place": F. A. P. Barnard and His Scientific Instrument Collection in the Antebellum South." Historical Studies in the Natural Sciences 39, no. 4 (2009): 418–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/hsns.2009.39.4.418.
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In the 1850s, the American scientist and educator Frederick A. P. Barnard created a collection of scientific apparatus at the University of Mississippi in Oxford, Mississippi, of a size and expense that surpassed any collection in the United States at that time. The collection, which would come to include over three hundred instruments of both American and European manufacture, was the attempt by Barnard, born and educated in the North, to bring Big Science to the South and challenge the dominance of Northern schools in science education. In this respect it failed, and the collection became a forgotten footnote in the history of Southern science. This article examines the importance of the collection in understanding science at U.S. universities before the Civil War and what Barnard referred to as the "scientific atmosphere" of the South. The first section compares the collection to others of the period, highlighting its historical uniqueness and significance. The second section uses Barnard's correspondence to construct a narrative of the collection's assembly, providing insight into the international scientific instrument market of the period as well as the difficulties he faced working in the antebellum South. Finally, an examination of Barnard's perceptions regarding intellectual isolation and the failure of his endeavor highlights differences perceived by scientists of the day concerning the practice of science in the North versus in the South prior to the Civil War.
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DIANA, ESTHER. "UNA COLLEZIONE DI STRUMENTARIA SCIENTIFICA ALL'AVVENTO DELL'OSPEDALE MODERNO: GLI STRUMENTI FISICO-MATEMATICI DI VINCENZO VIVIANI E L'OSPEDALE DI SANTA MARIA NUOVA DI FIRENZE (1871-1895) *." Nuncius 23, no. 1 (2008): 65–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539108x00030.
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Abstracttitle ABSTRACT /title A Collection of ScientificInstrumentsat theDawnof theModern Hospital: Vincenzo Viviani'sPhysical-Mathematical Instrumentsand SantaMariaHospital in Florence(1871-1895) - Around the second half of the nineteenth century, the collection of physics-mathematical instruments that Vincenzo Viviani (1622-1703) had bequeathed to the Santa Maria Nuova Hospital of Florence stirred new interest. The process of modernising the hospital was indeed to lead to the progressive alienation of the institution's rich historical patrimony, including the scientific collections. In tracing back the negotiations that led to the sale of the Viviani collection, archive documents have also brought to light the collection inventory, which is now proposed anew to help recount the history of how scientific instruments became museum collectibles in Florence.
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Higgitt, Rebekah. "Instruments and relics." Journal of the History of Collections 31, no. 3 (October 25, 2018): 469–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhy038.
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Abstract Despite the age and prestige of the Royal Society of London, the history of its collections of scientific instruments and apparatus has largely been one of accidental accumulation and neglect. This article tracks their movements and the processes by which objects came to be recognized as possessing value beyond reuse or sale. From at least the mid-nineteenth century, the few surviving objects with links to the society’s early history and its most illustrious Fellows came to be termed ‘relics’, were treated with suitable reverence, put on display and made part of the society’s public self-presentation. If the more quotidian objects survived into the later 1800s, when their potential as objects for collection, research, display, reproduction and loan began to be appreciated, they are likely to have survived to the present day.
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Sudana, Dewa Nyoman. "PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN SIKAP ILMIAH UNTUK SISWA SEKOLAH DASAR." Jurnal Ilmiah Sekolah Dasar 2, no. 2 (August 14, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jisd.v2i2.14098.
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The purpose of this study was to determine: (1) the stages of development of scientific attitude instruments for elementary school students. (2) the quality of the instruments developed scientific attitude in terms of validity, reliability, and validity konstruknya. Methods of data collection using questionnaires with respondents 200 elementary school students from class IV to class VI. Analysis using the statistical analysis program assisted SPPS 13 for Windows. The steps include instrument development; 1) set of constructs, which set limits on the variables to be measured, 2) determine the factors to find the elements that exist in a construct, 3) prepare a statement grains, 4) implement test instrument was developed. Judging from the quality of the instruments developed realibitas looks pretty good instrument category at 0.881 and after the instrument items were eliminated from about 36 to 15 are also still in the good category is 0.813. Based on the criteria of commonality factor extraction and rotation factors obtained four factors, number of factors extracted by the factor of as much as 4 percent of the cumulative variance is greater than 60% is 65.834%. Judging from the validation performed factor by dividing the number of respondents into two groups of parts, and then performed a factor analysis on each hemisphere of the respondents. The results showed that the factor validation valid results, each still produce a 4 factor with almost equal distribution of items. This further strengthen that 4-dimensional factor in the scientific attitude for elementary school children on an instrument that has developed a strong enough konstruknya validity. The results of the development of scientific instruments already reflect the attitude and decent results are used to measure the scientific attitude of students in elementary school
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Mering, Aloysius, and Indri Astuti. "the Development of Assessment Instruments Non-Cognitive by Teachers." JETL (Journal Of Education, Teaching and Learning) 4, no. 2 (September 30, 2019): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.26737/jetl.v4i2.1696.
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This study aims to (1) describe clearly and comprehensively about the quality of non-cognitive assessment instruments made by elementary school teachers, (2) develop procedures for developing non-cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers, (3) develop non-cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers. To realize this goal, researchers used three structured research designs. The first design is survey research to describe the quality of non-cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers. The instruments studied are survey data, which are illuminated by non-cognitive instruments constructed by the teacher in the Lesson Plan (RPP). Furthermore, from the results of a review of the teacher's non-cognitive assessment instruments, a guidebook on the procedure for developing cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers will be developed. The development of the guidebook uses development procedures (R & D). In the third draft, the researcher and the teacher developed a non-cognitive assessment instrument in the workshop. This workshop is the application of the guidebook that has been prepared. The procedure for preparing instruments uses steps (a) development of instrument specifications, (b) instrument writing, (c) instrument review, (d) instrument assembly (for testing purposes), (e) instrument testing, (f) results analysis trial, (g) instrument selection and assembly, (h) printing instruments, (i) administration of instruments, and (j) preparation of scales and norms. The whole series of studies will produce outputs (a) research reports, financial reports, and logbooks, (b) articles that have been discussed, (c) guidelines for preparing non-cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers that can be used as teaching materials and alternative materials for drafting training assessment instruments, (d) scientific publications in accredited journals, (e) a collection of validated non-cognitive assessment instruments made by teachers.
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Berdan, Jean M. "Mechanical extraction of microfossils." Paleontological Society Special Publications 4 (1989): 99–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2475262200005037.
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The described techniques for extraction of microfossils are directed primarily at the extraction of calcareous microfossils from various types of limestone, although the same techniques may beused for some sandstones and shales. The equipment needed is not complicated; the most obvious is a good binocular microscope with a working distance of three or more inches, to allow manipulation of the rock from which the specimens are to be extracted. The magnification required depends on the size of the specimens, but should go up to at least 80x. Other essential tools are a pin vise with a chuck which will hold an ordinary steel sewing needle and a rotary dental machine or other grinding device which will accept a small thin carborundum wheel. The latter is useful for sharpening needles as well as for cutting specimens out of the rock. An additional useful item is a percussive device such as a mechanical engraver fitted with a chuck which will hold an old fashioned steel phonograph needle. This instrument is described in detail by Palmer (this volume, chapter 20). A dish of water and a fine (00000) camel's hairbrush are necessary to move the specimens, once freed, to a slide or other receptacle. A rock trimmer is useful for reducing large blocks of fossiliferous rock into pieces that can be handled under the microscope, although with some collections this can be done with a hammer and cold chisel. Some paleontologists prefer to crush their samples and then pick through the chips to find specimens; however, this technique tends to break spines and frills from highly ornamented forms and is not recommended unless the microfauna is known to consist mostly of smooth species. Most of the equipment mentioned above can be found in catalogs such as that of the Edmund Scientific Co., 101 E. Gloucester Pike, Barrington, N.J. 08007.
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Erin, Pavel V. "Community in rural self-government of the Russian village before and after 1917 (based on materials from the Tambov Governorate)." Tambov University Review. Series: Humanities, no. 189 (2020): 175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20310/1810-0201-2020-25-189-175-180.
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We consider the problem of the functions performed and the purpose of the land community in the life of the Russian village before 1917 and after the revolutionary events (until 1926). We analyze the issue of the community functions, the characteristics of the social protection of its members, management relations, and also consider the features of the existence of the community after the turning point (1917) in the life of the country. The relevance of the study lies in the specifics of considering the issue over a long chronological period, taking into account the transformations of a global nature in public administration. The novelty of the scientific research lies in the complex examination and study of the rural community, its role in the life of the peasantry of the Tambov Governorate, in the evolution of the institution of the community in the period before and after 1917. Sources of work are the funds of the State Archives of the Tambov Region, collections of statistical data. Based on the data obtained, it is revealed that the community until 1917 was an instrument for uniting the common efforts of the peasant class in the labor and social spheres. On the basis of archival data, it is found that the Tambov peasantry remained supporters of the collective land use. After 1917, the community retained some of its social and labor functions. The participation of the community in the distribution of land is analyzed, ways of protecting its members from the encroachments of criminals are considered. The transformation of a rural community into a land society with legal rights is shown. It is proved that the rural community in the first decade of the Soviet state performed important economic and social functions in villages.
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Nölte, Manfred, and Martin Blenkle. "Die Grenzboten on its Way to Virtual Research Environments and Infrastructures." Journal of European Periodical Studies 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 19–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/jeps.v4i1.10171.
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The State and University Library Bremen (SuUB) is dedicated to the digitization of its historical collections. Digitization is an important instrument for improving the accessibility of valuable information contained in fragile historical documents. It facilitates academic research and teaching and is indispensable to the digital humanities. Especially the research of digital serial publications benefits from ‘recent systematic digitization efforts, often initiated by libraries […]. More and more historical periodicals and other serial publications are now digitally available in full, i.e., all of their issues’ [Piotrowski, this volume]. The historical journal presented in this article is one of these and the final section will discuss why it can be considered a complete corpus. Usually, digitization projects produce digital images, metadata for cataloguing and web-navigation purposes and OCR full text for searching. This information is made available through the library's web portal for digital collections. However, digital humanists need high-quality full texts enriched with metadata in the appropriate format to analyse them with powerful software tools.
The historical journal Die Grenzboten serves as an exemplary model to bridge the gap between digitization projects in libraries and research infrastructures. Die Grenzboten is a long running serial publication (1841 – 1922). It can be classified as a literary journal that also covered politics and arts. We demonstrate that OCR post correction and a page-wise structuring are prerequisites for the creation of a high-quality TEI version of a full text. The TEI version was created in cooperation with the Deutsches Textarchiv (DTA) at the Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences and Humanities (BBAW). A fully automated OCR post correction developed at the SuUB Bremen is freely available on GitHub.
To enable scientists to work with powerful software tools the transfer of high-quality full texts to research infrastructures is a necessary step. We describe transfers of full text and the experience we have made, but still some general questions persist: What has to be done to prepare raw OCR output for this purpose in a reasonable and cost-effective manner? What quality is needed or expected? Which metadata and file formats are needed? Should there not be a closer cooperation between research infrastructures and libraries handling the digitization? OCR full texts, even post corrected, are not perfect but character recognition rates around 99% certainly provide more options than just being used as a search index. There is a vast amount of textual resources available ready to be made fully accessible for scientific research! Finally, some suggestions for scholars and the researchers working on digital serial publications are given.
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Bicalho, Daniela, Thanise Sabrina Souza Santos, Betzabeth Slater, and Tácio Mendonça Lima. "Evaluation of quality indicators for management of the National School Feeding Program in Brazil: a systematic review." Ciência & Saúde Coletiva 26, no. 8 (August 2021): 3099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1413-81232021268.03802020.
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Abstract This article aims to identify studies that developed quality indicator for the management of the National School Feeding Program (PNAE, in Brazilian context) and to critically appraise the properties of their instruments. Systematic review using Scopus, Lilacs, Pubmed and Web of Science for data collection. The search was limited to studies between 2009 and 2019. The search strategy included search terms related to school feeding, program evaluation, and indicator. The indicators were evaluated using the Appraisal of Indicators through Research and Evaluation instrument. The search identified 1,355 studies, of which 14 were potentially relevant records and 10 met the inclusion criteria. Most studies used a literature review with consensus techniques in the development of the instrument and a frame work format to evaluate the PNAE. None of them presented evidence of validity of the instrument. The highest level was achieved on the domain ‘Purpose, relevance and organizational context’, followed by ‘Stakeholder involvement’, ‘Additional evidence, formulation and usage’, and ‘Scientific evidence’. This review found gaps in the methodology of studies that had developed quality indicators for the management of PNAE. Future development of these instruments should include validity evidence.
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Davis, Deborah Winders. "Selecting and Using Research Instruments." Neonatal Network 23, no. 5 (September 2004): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0730-0832.23.5.71.
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FOR MOST, THE WORD RESEARCH evokes an image of something that is rigid, with very strict and specific rules. We think that there is a right and a wrong way to study any given phenomenon. In reality, however, the design and implementation of every study involve a series of compromises. Although the researcher aims always to employ scientific rigor, she must be practical because resources are limited. Being practical does not necessarily detract from the scientific rigor of a study as long as the choices are made with thoughtful consideration. This column examines some of the practical issues that commonly arise in relation to research. The scientific rationale for various data collection methods will be discussed in a future column.
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Kidwell, Peggy Aldrich, T. N. Clarke, A. D. Morrison-Low, and A. D. C. Simpson. "Brass & Glass: Scientific Instrument Making Workshops in Scotland as Illustrated by Instruments from the Arthur Frank Collection at the Royal Museum of Scotland." Technology and Culture 32, no. 1 (January 1991): 171. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3106041.
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Clifton, G. "Brass & Glass: Scientific Instrument Making Workshops in Scotland as illustrated by instruments from the Arthur Frank Collection at the Royal Museum of Scotland." Journal of the History of Collections 2, no. 2 (January 1, 1990): 233–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/2.2.233.
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Toskovic, Oliver. "Ghost in the Shell - Collection of Old Scientific Instruments of Laboratory for Experimental Psychology." ACTA IMEKO 7, no. 3 (October 24, 2018): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v7i3.554.
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Creating of Collection of old scientific instruments of Laboratory for experimental psychology, Faculty of philosophy, University of Belgrade is an attempt to preserve a part of history of science in Serbia. There are around 100 instruments in Collection, which mostly came to Belgrade within German war reparations to Kingdom of Yugoslavia, after the World War I. Most of the instruments were made in workshop of E. Zimmermann, precise mechanic of the first psychology laboratory in the world, founded in 1879 by Wilhelm Wundt in Leipzig. They can be grouped on those aimed for examining visual and auditory perception, memory and learning, kimography and ergography and those designed for investigating emotions. Together with books and journals from 19th and beginning of 20th century, instruments create an ensemble based on which it is possible to reconstruct one psychological laboratory from the very beginning of development this scientific discipline.
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Maison, Maison, Ida Cuci Safitri, and Rendy Wikrama Wardana. "IDENTIFICATION OF MISCONCEPTION OF HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS ON TEMPERATURE AND CALOR TOPIC USING FOUR-TIER DIAGNOSTIC INSTRUMENT." EDUSAINS 11, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.15408/es.v11i2.11465.
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IDENTIFIKASI MISCONCEPTION MAHASISWA SEKOLAH TINGGI PADA TEMPERATUR DAN TOPIK KALOR MENGGUNAKAN INSTRUMEN DIAGNOSTIK EMPAT-TIER AbstrakMiskonsepsi merupakan suatu konsepsi seseorang yang tidak sesuai dengan konsepsi ilmiah yang dimiliki oleh para ahli. Miskonsepsi harus dihindari dan kalau sudah terjadi perlu diremediasi karena dapat menjadi faktor penghambat dalam proses belajar siswa. Namun, miskonsepsi tidak mudah diidentifikasi, diperlukan instrumen khusus dan langkah-langkah tertentu untuk mengungkapkannya. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menggali, mengungkap, serta mendeskripsikan miskonsepsi siswa pada materi suhu dan kalor. Responden penelitian berjumlah 127 orang yang merupakan siswa dari SMA favorit di Jambi. Instrumen yang digunakan untuk pengumpulan data adalah Four-Tier Diagnostic Instrument pada materi suhu dan kalor. Analisis data dilakukan dengan cara mencari persentase jawaban benar pada setiap tingkat (tier) untuk setiap item dan persentase jawaban miskonsepsi untuk setiap kategori. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa 10 jenis miskonsepsi pada materi suhu dan kalor pada siswa telah dapat diidentifikasi dengan menggunakan sembilan buah item instrumen. Rata-rata miskonsepsi adalah sebesar 24.25%, False Positif sebesar 9,01%, False Negatif sebesar 4,72%, dan Lack of Knowledge sebesar 10,32% pada materi suhu dan kalor. persentase miskonsepsi tertinggi terletak pada miskonsepsi keenam (M6) sebesar 58,27%, yaitu “Ketika berada pada ruang yang sama suhu besi lebih rendah daripada suhu benda di sekitarnya”.AbstractThe misconception is a conception of someone who is not in accordance with the scientific conception possessed by experts. Misconceptions must be avoided, and if they occur, they need to be remediated because they can be a limiting factor in student learning. However, misconceptions are not easily identified; special instruments and specific steps are needed to express them. The purpose of this study is to explore, uncover, and describe students' misconceptions in temperature and heat material. The research respondents were 127 students from a favorite high school in Jambi. The instrument used for data collection was the Four-Tier Diagnostic Instrument on temperature and heat material. Data analysis was done by finding the percentage of correct answers at each level (tier) for each item and the percentage of answers to misconceptions for each category. The results showed that ten types of misconceptions in the temperature and heat material in students had been identified using nine instrument items. The average misconception is 24.25%, False Positive is 9.01%, False Negative is 4.72%, and Lack of Knowledge is 10.32% in temperature and heat material. The highest percentage of misconception lies in the sixth misconception (M6) of 58.27%, namely "When in the same room the temperature of the iron is lower than the temperature of the objects around it".
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Kovačić-Popović, Anita. "Scientific method as the foundation of scientific research." International Review, no. 1-2 (2021): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/intrev2102013k.
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The methodology deals with the methods of acquiring scientific knowledge, i.e. all aspects of scientific research as a method of gaining scientific knowledge about phenomena and processes. Scientific method enables gaining scientific knowledge by applying a series of principles, rules and procedures. Every research includes several general scientific methods. Hypothetical-deductive scientific method of acquiring knowledge and modeling method characterize empirical research, while comparative and analytical-deductive methods are applied in theoretical research. It is impossible to carry out research without a data collection method. Therefore, it is necessary to precisely define the methods, techniques and instruments that will be applied in research to gain new scientific knowledge.
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FODERÁ, GIORGIA, FRANCESCA MARTINES, and DONATELLA RANDAZZO. "CATALOGHI DI STRUMENTI SCIENTIFICI NELLA BIBLIOTECA DELL'OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DI PALERMO*." Nuncius 9, no. 2 (1994): 759–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539184x01044.
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Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>The present catalogue includes the descriptions of 147 trade publications, dealing with scientific instruments, belonging to the Library of the Palermo Astronomical Observatory. This collection is a rather conspicuous one, especially if one considers the traditionally «ephemeral» nature of such material. A number of catalogues (73) were published before 1915, while the remaining span up to 1972. For consistency with the Handlist of Scientific Instrument-Makers Trade Catalogues, 1600-1914 published in 1990 by R. G. W. Anderson, J. Burnett, B. Gee, of which the present catalogue is meant to be an addendum, we have followed the same temporal partition. Items are listed in alphabetical order by makers' name, and in within publications by the same maker, in chronological order. Descriptions follow the ISBD rules, i.e. they are divided into a sequence of areas, separated by conventional punctuation. Every effort has been made to give publications dates, even though these are sometimes approximative, being desumed from information internal to the text.
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TURNER, A. J. "FROM MATHEMATICAL PRACTICE TO THE HISTORY OF SCIENCE: The pattern of collection scientific instruments." Journal of the History of Collections 7, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/7.2.135.
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Murti, Wilis Wisnu, and Titin Sunarti. "PENGEMBANGAN INSTRUMEN TES LITERASI SAINS BERBASIS KEARIFAN LOKAL DI TRENGGALEK." ORBITA: Jurnal Kajian, Inovasi dan Aplikasi Pendidikan Fisika 7, no. 1 (May 5, 2021): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31764/orbita.v7i1.4386.
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ABSTRAKTujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mendeskripsikan kelayakan teoritis dan empiris dari instrumen tes literasi sains fisika yang dikembangkan dan mendeskripsikan profil kemampuan literasi sains siswa. Penelitian ini menggunakan model Research and Development (R&D) yang langkah-langkahnya mengacu pada Sugiyono (2013). Teknik pengumpulan data pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan metode validasi yang dilakukan oleh dua dosen dari jurusan Fisika Universitas Negeri Surabaya dan metode tes yang dilakukan terhadap 50 siswa. Data yang telah terkumpul dianalisis dengan metode analisis deskriptif kuantitatif. Persentase validitas teoritis rata-rata pada ranah materi, konstruksi, dan bahasa sebesar 89,82% atau berada pada kategori sangat layak. Hasil ujicoba produk pada 50 siswa dianalisis tingkat kesukaran, daya pembeda, reliabilitas, dan validitas itemnya. Dari analisis tersebut diperoleh validitas empiris sebanyak 56,25% dari keseluruhan soal dinyatakan layak secara empiris. Instrumen tes yang telah layak kemudian digunakan untuk mendeskripsikan profil kemampuan literasi sains siswa. 2% siswa dengan kategori sangat tinggi, 8% dengan kategori tinggi, 32% dengan kategori sedang, 8% dengan kategori rendah, dan 50% dengan kategori sangat rendah. Kemampuan literasi sains pada kompetensi menafsirkan data dan bukti secara ilmiah memiliki skor rata-rata tertinggi, sedangkan mengevaluasi dan merancang penyelidikan ilmiah memiliki skor rata-rata terendah. Kata kunci: instrumen tes; validitas teoritis; validitas empiris; profil literasi sains. ABSTRACTThe purpose of this study was to describe the theoritical and empirical feasibility of physical scientific literacy test instrument which was developed and to describe the profile of student scientific literacy abilitie. This study using Research and Development (R&D) model whose steps refer to Sugiyono (2013). Data collection techniques in this study are the validation method that done by two lecturers from the phyic department of State University of Surabaya and test method that done by 50 students. The data that has been collected were analyzed using quantitative decriptive analysis method. The percentage of average theoritical validity in the realms of material, construction, and language is 89,82% or in the very feasible category. The result of product trials on 50 students analiyzed the level of difficulty, distinguishing power, reliability, and item validity. From this analysis, it is stated that 56,25% of the total questions are empirically feasible. The appropriate test instrument is then used to describe the profile of students scientific literacy abilities. 2% of students are in very high category, 8% are in high category, 32% are in medium category, 8% ar in low category, and 50% are in very low category. The cientif literacy ability in the competence to interpret data and evidence scientifically has the highest average score, while evaluating and designing scientific investigations has the lowest average score.Keywords: test instrument; theoritical validity; empirical validity; scientific literacy profile.
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Schechner, Sara J. "Book Review: Historical Instruments in the Mikulov Collections: Historické vědecké přístroje v mikulovských sbírkách: Katalog vědeckých přístrojů z 16. až 19. Století ve sbírkách Regionálního muzea v Mikulově [Historical Scientific Instruments in the Mikulov Collections: Catalogue of Scientific Instruments from the 16th to 19th Centuries in the Collection of the Regional Museum in Mikulov]." Journal for the History of Astronomy 45, no. 1 (February 2014): 134–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002182861404500112.
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Day, Lance. "John Anthony Chaldecott (1916–98)." British Journal for the History of Science 32, no. 3 (September 1999): 343–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007087498003513.
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It is with deep regret that we record the death of John Anthony Chaldecott on 2 May 1998 at the age of 82. He was a founder member of the BSHS and served as Honorary Secretary and as President.After graduating in physics at London University, John took up teaching and lecturing, but this was interrupted by war service in the RAF Meteorological Branch. In the fighting in the Netherlands, he was mentioned in despatches. In 1949, he joined the Science Museum as Assistant Keeper in the Physics Department. There, he was in charge of the Optics Collection and also the Heat and the George III Collections, for which he produced catalogues. For some years, he acted as Secretary to the Museum's Advisory Council.In 1961, John became Keeper of the Science Museum Library, a post he held until his retirement in 1976. His time there was active and eventful. First, the transfer of the Library's nation-wide loans service, together with many of its periodicals, to the National Lending Library of Science and Technology in 1962 entailed a redirection of the Library's resources and services. Then, he was closely involved in the planning of the present Library building on the Imperial College campus in South Kensington, opened in 1969. He made a thorough study of the latest library design and equipment, so as to incorporate as many modern features as possible within a very tight budget. The success of the building owed much to his untiring and meticulous attention to detail.While building was in progress, his attention was assailed from a fresh quarter, this time from the National Libraries Committee. Their conclusions disconcerted the Science Museum and the fact that the Library remained under the Museum's wing, with a redefined role, owed much to John's skill and determination in negotiation. The Library was to specialize in the history of science and he did much to turn the Library towards the new direction. It was his decision to assemble the Library's scattered books and periodicals in this field and house them in a special history of science reading room. All this chimed in with his own interest in this subject. He had gained an M.Sc. in the history and philosophy of science at University College London in 1949, followed up later with a Ph.D. He was active in the BSHS from the beginning and he was Honorary Secretary during 1963–68. He was elected President for the year 1972–73; his presidential address was entitled ‘Josiah Wedgwood (1730–1795), scientist’. He published a number of papers on historical subjects, but his abiding interest lay in scientific instrument makers; he formed a massive record of information about those active in London from 1750 to 1840, now deposited in the Science Museum Library Archives Collection. Soon after his retirement, he was responsible for a major exhibition at the Science Museum illustrating Wedgwood's life and work and he published an accompanying monograph.Throughout his life, John preserved that calm and even-tempered manner which made him such a pleasant colleague and genial, good-humoured friend. He was always fair and even-handed in his dealings with others.
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Gustav Delly, John. "Nobel Metal Microscopes - and Other Extravagances." Microscopy Today 7, no. 2 (March 1999): 16–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1551929500063872.
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Now you would probably think that I was joking if I were to tell you that there are microscopes made of precious metals, such as silver, rather than brass, and objectives made with diamonds and rubies, rather than glass. But yes, Virginia, prodigal items such as these do actually exist - and not at the end of the rainbow. All right, suppose they do exist, who could afford one? Well, kings for one, Figure 1 shows what is perhaps the most elaborately decorated microscope ever constructed. It was made in 1761 by the wellknown instrument maker George Adams for King George III. George III placed great value on science throughout his long reign, as reflected in his collection of scientific instruments, which can be seen today in the Science Museum at South Kensington in London.
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Geopany, Ilmi Octaviani, Diana Hernawati, and Vita Meylani. "The relationship between knowledge of socio scientific issue and nature of science in ecosystem material in high school students." Biosfer 14, no. 1 (April 25, 2021): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/biosferjpb.19531.
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The purpose of this study was to know the relationship between socio-scientific issues with nature of science students in ecosystem material of the XI Math and science class in one of the High Schools. This research was conducted from September- October 2020. The type of research was correlational with sample of 36 students taken using a purposive sampling technique as evidenced by the average value of daily tests. The technique on data collection was a non-test instrument socio-scientific issue questionnaire and essay test the nature of science. The research instruments used included a socio-scientific issue questionnaire which states 13 statements regarding controversial issues regarding ecosystems and the views nature of science form B (VNOS-B) description test to measure the nature of science dictated by Lederman et al. (1998) and have settled 14 questions. Data were analyzed using Pearson bivariate. The results of this study obtained a significance of 0.00 < (0.05) which indicates the relationship between socio-scientific issues with the nature of science and 0.729 as the display value. This analysis concludes that there is a positive relationship between socio-scientific issues with the nature of science at a high level. Teachers are expected to be able to improve skills in indicators of socio-scientific issues, one of which is by training sensitivity and awareness of environmental problems that students encounter on a daily basis.
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Edy, Irwan Christanto. "KONSTRUKSI MODEL FAKTOR ANTESEDEN LOYALITAS BERBASIS NILAI PELANGGAN." Jurnal Economia 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/economia.v13i1.12958.
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Abstrak: Konstruksi Model Faktor Anteseden Loyalitas Berbasis Nilai Pelanggan. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah menguji model konseptual pengaruh nilai pelanggan terhadap loyalitas melalui kepuasan, pelayanan purna jual, kepercayaan pada merk dan pemasaran relasional. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian survai. Data yang digunakan adalah data primer dengan mengambil nasabah sebagai objek penelitian. Instrumen pengumpulan data berupa daftar pertanyaan (kuesioner) baik dengan pertanyaan terbuka maupun tertutup. Metode analisis data yang digunakan meliputi analisis uji instrumen, analisis statistik deskriptif, dan analisis SEM. Model konseptual yang menggambarkan hubungan nilai pelanggan terhadap loyalitas melalui kepuasan, pelayanan purna jual, kepercayaan pada merk dan pemasaran relasional dapat diterima secara empiris. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa nilai pelanggan dan layanan purna jual memberi kontribusi langsung yang signifikan terhadap loyalitas pelanggan. Kata Kunci: nilai pelanggan, loyalitas, pemasaran relasional Abstract: Construction of Antecedent Factor Model of Customer Value-Based Loyalty. The study aims to test the conceptual model of the effect of customer value on customer loyalty through satisfaction, after sales service, trust the brand and relationship marketing. This study is a survey research. The data used are primary that motorcycles customers in the city of Surakarta, as research objects. Data collection instruments in the form of a list of questions (questionnaire) either the open or closed questions. Data analysis methods used include analysis instrument test, descriptive statistical analysis, and analysis of the SEM. The conceptual model that describes the relationship of the value of customer loyalty through satisfaction, after sales service, trust the brand and relationship marketing empirically acceptable (meets the criteria Goodness of fit) scientific. This study found that the value of the customer and after-sales services contribute direct and significant to customer loyalty Keywords: customer value, loyalty, relationship marketing
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Wepener, Marietjie, and Christo Boshoff. "An instrument to measure the customer-based corporate reputation of large service organizations." Journal of Services Marketing 29, no. 3 (May 11, 2015): 163–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jsm-01-2014-0026.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to develop a valid and reliable instrument to measure the corporate reputation of large service organizations. The validity of a discipline’s constructs is a prerequisite for effective theory development and testing. Construct validity thus lies at the very heart of both decision-making and scientific progress in marketing. The use of marketing instruments that do not demonstrate sufficient evidence of construct validity can lead to invalid results, erroneous conclusions and poor decision-making. Despite several attempts to develop an instrument to measure the corporate reputation of service organizations effectively, lingering doubts remain about the construct validity of several published instruments. Design/methodology/approach – Empirical data were collected from the clients of service organization using an online survey during three waves of data collection and scale purification. Invariance testing in two different service industries confirmed that the final instrument is completely invariant, suggesting that the measurement parameters of the measurement model are the same in both samples. Findings – Rigorous scale development led to the development of a 19-item instrument that effectively measures a large service organization’s corporate reputation along five dimensions, namely, emotional appeal, corporate performance, social engagement, good employer and service points. Research limitations/implications – The study was limited to the measurement of the corporate reputation of large service organizations. Practical implications – Given the fact that corporate reputation has been described as “the ultimate determinant of competitiveness” by some executives, the outcome of this study is a proposal that large service organizations measure this intangible asset along five dimensions, namely, emotional appeal, corporate performance, social engagement, good employer and service points. Originality/value – Despite several attempts to do so, a valid and reliable instrument to effectively measure the corporate reputation of service firms (particularly large ones) has remained elusive. After more than two decades after the first attempts at measurement, there are many who now call for improved methodologies and more valid instruments to measure corporate reputation, based on more rigorous theoretical and conceptual development. This study addresses a matter of concern for many managers and academics.
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BENNETT, JIM. "Knowing and doing in the sixteenth century: what were instruments for?" British Journal for the History of Science 36, no. 2 (June 2003): 129–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000708740300503x.
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Despite recent work on scientific instruments by historians of science, the meeting ground between historians and curators of collections has been disappointingly narrow. This study offers, first, a characterization of sixteenth-century mathematical instruments, drawing on the work of curators, as represented by the online database Epact. An examination of the relationship between these instruments and the natural world suggests that the ‘theoric’, familiar from studies of the history of astronomy, has a wider relevance to the domain of practical mathematics. This outcome from a study of collections is then used in re-examining an established question in the history of science, the position of William Gilbert on the motion of the Earth.