Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Scientific sources'

<p>This thesis presents the results of a survey of Open Source Licensing literature. It aims to assist the reader in choosing the best license for his/her business. For this reason, the content of this thesis can be divided into: (i) an open source licensing overview, (ii) the explication of the main features of the most popular open source licenses, (iii) the consequences of using one or another and (iv) the critical or controversial issues related to Open Source Licensing. Furthermore, at the end of the thesis, the reader can ¯nd the method we followed to collect, classify and analyze the relevant information for the purpose of the survey.</p>

This thesis develops a scientific basis for the use of low-cost sensing technologies for quantitative assessment of air pollution and its sources. It has extensively identified the capabilities and limitations of low-cost sensors in laboratory and field environments. Essentially, it has demonstrated that low-cost sensors are capable of monitoring air quality with a high degree of accuracy in different locations (e.g., highly polluted areas) and for different purposes (e.g., citizen science projects for raising environmental awareness).

O presente estudo aborda a visibilidade das revistas pertencentes ao Portal de Periódicos Científicos da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (PPCU/UFRGS). Questiona se os periódicos do PPCU possuem características que promovam a visibilidade. Analisa as características que promovem a visibilidade dos periódicos científicos eletrônicos do PPCU, sendo estas: a presença na Web, o acesso aberto, a buscabilidade, o idioma da publicação e a presença em fontes de informação. Caracteriza as revistas da Universidade. Verifica a buscabilidade dos títulos nos mecanismos de busca. Analisa a visibilidade na Internet através da presença nas fontes de informação nas quais estão presentes estas revistas. Classifica as fontes de informação nas quais estão presentes as revistas da Universidade. O referencial teórico aborda os temas: comunicação científica; periódicos científicos; visibilidade e buscabilidade; fontes de informação na Web; bases de dados bibliográficas; e acesso aberto. O estudo tem caráter descritivo e exploratório, combinando dados qualitativos e quantitativos. O corpus da pesquisa foi formado por 34 títulos. Coletaram-se as informações principais sobre as revistas, com ênfase nas características que promovem visibilidade. Foi constatado que as Ciências Humanas é a área que possui maior número de revistas na Universidade, 29,4% do total de publicações. O acesso aberto é adotado por todas as revistas da amostra. As revistas estão avaliadas em maior número nos estratos do Qualis B2 e B3, cerca de 42%. Mapeadas as fontes de informação, foi verificada a maior presença de periódicos na fonte de informação LAPTOC, seguida pela LATINDEX. Apesar da presença pouco expressiva em fontes de informação internacionais, concluiu-se que as revistas pertencentes ao PPCU buscam ampliar as características que promovem a sua visibilidade. Esta pesquisa também sugere uma série de novos estudos, aprofundando as análises, abordando outros temas ligados à visibilidade, em especial estudos bibliométricos.<br>This study addresses the visibility of journals belonging to the Web Portal of Scientific Journals of Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (PPCU/UFGRS). It discusses if the journals from PPCU have characteristics which promote visibility. It analyses the characteristics which promote visibility of scientific journals from the PPCU, which are: Web presence, open access, searchability, language of the publication and the presence in information sources. It characterises the journals of the University. It verifies the searchability of titles in search engines. It analyses the visibility on Internet through the presence in information sources in which those journals are present. It classifies the information sources in which the journals of the University are present. The theoretical reference addresses the following themes: scientific communication; scientific journals; visibility and searchability; information sources on Web; bibliographic databases and open access. The study is descriptive and exploratory, combining qualitative and quantitative data. The corpus of the research was composed by 34 titles. Essential information about the journals was collected, with emphasis on characteristics which promote visibility. It was found that Human Sciences is the area with the largest number of journals at the University, 29.4% of total publications. Open access is adopted by all journals in the sample. The journals are evaluated in larger numbers in the strata of Qualis B2 and B3, about 42%. Once the information sources had been mapped, the largest presence of journals was found at the information source LAPTOC, followed by LATINDEX. Despite the presence of limited significance in international information sources, it was found that the journals belonging to PPCU aim at widening the characteristics which promote their visibility. It suggests a string of new studies, deepening the analyses, addressing other themes related to visibility and, especially, bibliometric studies.

The information retrieval (IR) field has been successful in developing techniques to address many types of information needs. However, there are cases in which traditional approaches to IR are not able to produce adequate results. Examples include: when a small set of (2-3) documents is needed as an answer rather than a single document, or when "query splitting" is required to satisfactorily explore the document space. We explore an alternative model of building and presenting retrieval results for such cases. In particular, we research effective methods for handling information needs that may: 1. Include multiple topics: A typical query is interpreted by current IR systems as a request to retrieve documents that each discusses all topics included in that query. We propose an alternative interpretation based on query splitting. It allows queries to be interpreted as requests to retrieve sets of documents rather than individual documents, with meaningful relationships among the members of each such set. 2. Be interpreted as parts in a chain of relationships: Suppose a query concerns topics t1 and tm. Is there a relation between topics t1 and tm that involves t2 and possibly other topics as in {t1, t2, â ¦ tm}? Thus, we propose an alternative interpretation of user queries and presentation of the results. Our interpretation has the potential to improve retrieval results whenever there is a mismatch between the user's understanding of the collection and the actual collection content. We define and refine a retrieval scheme that enhances retrieval through a framework that combines multiple sources of evidence. Query results in our interpretation are networks of document groups representing topics, each group relating to and connecting to other groups in the network that partially answer the user's information need. We devise new and more effective representations and techniques to visualize results, and incorporate the user as part of the retrieval process. We also evaluate the improvement of the query results based on multiple measures. In particular, we verify the validity of our approach through a study involving a collection of Operating Systems research papers that was specially built for this dissertation.<br>Ph. D.

Submitted by Alison Vanceto (alison-vanceto@hotmail.com) on 2017-06-12T18:06:04Z No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVLC.pdf: 2059092 bytes, checksum: 9cd949cf89b5738831701f1f4dc856aa (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-27T17:54:22Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVLC.pdf: 2059092 bytes, checksum: 9cd949cf89b5738831701f1f4dc856aa (MD5)<br>Approved for entry into archive by Ronildo Prado (ronisp@ufscar.br) on 2017-06-27T17:54:29Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVLC.pdf: 2059092 bytes, checksum: 9cd949cf89b5738831701f1f4dc856aa (MD5)<br>Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-27T17:59:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 DissVLC.pdf: 2059092 bytes, checksum: 9cd949cf89b5738831701f1f4dc856aa (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-07<br>Não recebi financiamento<br>The internet is recognized as one of the main sources of information for its users. It is also known that in this virtual world, millions of people daily access social networks like Facebook. Given this situation, it is proposed to reflect on the potential of social networks, specifically Facebook pages, as reliable sources of scientific information. The aim is to analyze processes, social and informational, which would be intrinsically involved in the relevant access to these spaces, using for this purpose, the concepts such as information literacy, cultural capital and social capital. Also seeks to promote a descriptive and exploratory analysis of the page "Science Today" and, from it and the work of Tomaél, Alcará and Silva (2008), define a set of criteria to evaluate the quality of a Facebook page as a source of scientific information. Finally, through questionnaire analysis sent to fans of the page in question, try to reflect on the influence of the level of education of users access to pages with scientific themes on Facebook. The results aim to support the hypothesis that, in the context of the scientific nature of pages that meet the criteria of reliability, on Facebook, access is mainly for users of higher levels of education, relating the level of education to the concepts of cultural capital and informational literacy. It is concluded that concepts such as information competence and cultural capital, acquired by the subjects, are determinant in the effective use of social networks as reliable sources of dissemination of scientific information.<br>A Internet é, reconhecidamente, uma das principais fontes de informação para seus usuários. Sabe-se que neste universo virtual milhões de pessoas acessam diariamente redes sociais como o Facebook. Diante deste quadro, propõe-se refletir sobre o potencial das redes sociais,especificamente páginas do Facebook, como fontes confiáveis de divulgação de informação científica. Busca-se neste trabalho analisar processos sociais e informacionais que estariam intrinsecamente envolvidos no acesso competente a estes espaços, recorrendo, para tanto, a conceitos como os de “Competência Informacional”, “Capital Cultural” e “Capital Social”. Procura-se, ainda, promover uma análise descritiva e exploratória da página “Ciência Hoje” e, a partir dela e do trabalho de Tomaél, Alcará e Silva (2008), definir um conjunto de critérios para avaliar a qualidade de uma página do Facebook como fonte de informação científica. Por fim, por meio de análise do questionário enviado aos seguidores da página em questão, busca-se refletir sobre a influência do nível de escolaridade dos usuários no acesso às páginas com temática científica no Facebook. Os resultados obtidos visam corroborar a hipótese de que, no âmbito das páginas de cunho científico que atendam a critérios de qualidade, no Facebook, o acesso é feito, principalmente, por usuários com níveis mais elevados de escolaridade, relacionando o nível de instrução aos conceitos de capital cultural e competência informacional. Conclui-se que conceitos como a competência em informação e o capital cultural, adquiridos pelos sujeitos, são determinantes no uso efetivo de redes sociais como fontes confiáveis de divulgação de informação científica.

This thesis presents a doctoral research aimed to propose a generic model of scientific information management for research institutes, based on principles of scientific communication and open access. This is a theoretical and exploratory research. From the methodological point of view, it is a mixed methods study which adopted the concurrent triangulation strategy. Data were collected through questionnaires, interviews and checklist, and then submitted to statistical and text analysis. In addition to collecting and analyzing empirical data, it was performed the analysis of scientific communication and information management models identified in the literature. The research sphere was consisted of researchers linked to the research units of the Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, and the sample basis, defined from intentional non-probabilistic sampling, were the researchers of the Brazilian Centre for Physics Research and Museum of Astronomy and Related Sciences. The main result of the investigation is the generic model of scientific information management for research institutes, based on scientific communication and open access in its textual and graphical version. In the model, input and output information-flows are systematized by scientific information management processes which are involved from the perspective of scientific communication and open access. Its structure, beyond embedding key concepts, considers the ambient of research institute as an open system where there is the flow of scientific information. The proposed model is also constituted by flexible elements that represent institutional and disciplinary specificities, and vary depending on the research institutes' contexts. Besides, the whole set of elements and relationships among them are under constant influence of forces originating from the scientific community in a broad perspective.

Context: Academic researchers publish their results of new and advanced scientific knowledge (often in close collaboration with industry) in academic journals and conferences. However, it is not know to what extent this information reaches the practitioners. So far this has not been investigated. This information will help researchers in the dissemination process of their research findings. Objectives: In this study we investigate which types of knowledge dissemination forums exist in software engineering, how frequent and aware they are to software practitioners and how useful they find it in improving their professional activities. Methods: We conducted a survey of software practitioners posted on LinkedIn, Yahoo, Facebook, Google+, Meetup and Google groups. The survey contained demographics information, seven types of forums for obtaining scientific knowledge and how important respondents felt these forums improve their professional activities. Results: The results of the survey indicate that Book Publishers, Blogs, Video Tutorial and Social Media are considerable forums of sharing new and advance scientific knowledge for software practitioners. Whilst, IT magazines, scientific journals and meetings are suggested to be less considered forums in gaining new and advanced scientific knowledge. Conclusions: We conclude that academic researchers could improve the exposure of their research findings by presenting their results not only in journals and meetings. But also in new forums where they can represent results in the form of videos, blogs or social media. This exposes their research findings to a larger audience of software practitioners.<br>C/O TALUKDER MAMUN SÄRLAGATAN 13B 214 48, MALMO. Phone: 0733499525

Mineral chemistry and petrography of basalts from the Kimama drill core recovered by Hotspot: Snake River Scientific Drilling Project, Idaho establish crystallization conditions of these lavas. Twenty-three basalt samples, from 20 individual lava flows were sampled from the upper 1000 m (of the 1912 m drilled) core drilled on the axis of the Snake River Plain, and represent approximately 3 m.y. of volcanism (rocks at the bottom of the hole are ~6 Ma). Rock from the upper 1000 m are typically fresh, while those lower in the core are more altered and are less likely to preserve fresh phenocrysts to analyze. Intratelluric phenocrysts (pre-eruption) are: olivine, plagioclase and Cr-spinel inclusions in olivine and plagioclase; groundmass phases (post-eruption) are: olivine, plagioclase, clinopyroxene, magnetite and ilmenite. Olivine core compositions range from Fo84-68, plagioclase cores range from An80-62, clinopyroxene ranges in composition from Wo47-34, En47-28, Fs30-15, spinel inclusions are Cr (up to 20 wt % Cr2O3) and Al-rich (up to 35 wt % Al2O3) and evolve to lower concentrations of Cr and Al and higher Fe and Ti, chromian titanomagnetite to magnetite, and ilmenite are groundmass oxide phases. Thermobarometry of Kimama core basalts indicates that the phenocryst phases crystallized at temperatures of 1155 to 1255°C at depths of 7 to 17 km, which is within or near the seismically imaged mid-crustal sill. Plagioclase hygrometry suggests that these lavas are relatively anhydrous with less than 0.4 wt % H2O. Groundmass phases crystallized at lower temperatures (<1140°C) after eruption. Oxygen fugacity inferred from Fe-Ti oxide equilibria is at or just below the QFM buffer. The origin of the basaltic rocks of the Snake River Plain has been attributed to a mantle plume or to other, shallow mantle processes. Mineral and whole rock major and trace element geochemistry of the olivine tholeiites from the Kimama core are used to distinguish between these two sources (deep or shallow mantle). Whole rock compositions were corrected for plagioclase and olivine fractionation to calculate primary liquids to estimate mantle potential temperatures. Olivine phenocrysts have the pyroxenite source characteristics of low Mn and Ca, but a peridotite source characteristic of low Ni. Thus, trace element models were used to test whether there is pyroxenite in the source of the Snake River Plain basalts, as hypothesized for Hawaii and other plume-related hotspots (e.g., Sobolev et al., 2005; Herzberg, 2011). Olivine chemistry and trace element models establish that the basalt source is a spinel peridotite, not a pyroxenite. The average mantle potential temperature obtained for these samples is 1577°C, 177°C hotter than ambient mantle, suggesting that the basaltic liquids were derived from a thermal plume. Silica activity barometry shows that melt segregation occurs between 80 and 110 km depth, which is within or very near the spinel stability field, and suggests that the lithosphere has been eroded by the plume to a maximum depth of 80 km, and recent mantle tomography suggests that it may be even thinner.

Recently published scientific articles have led to mixed nutritional advice on dietary saturated fatty acids. Lesser et. al (2007) identified that mixed conclusions in scientific articles on sweetened beverages might be attributed industry funding, as articles funded by the beverage industry are four to eight times more likely to report conclusions in favor of the sponsor’s products. This thesis applies Lesser’s methods to determine whether industry funding influences the inconsistent conclusions on saturated fatty acids. This thesis analyzes 100 articles on foods high in dietary saturated fatty acids. While studies with food industry funding are more likely to produce favorable conclusions, this trend is not significant (p= 0.205). On the other hand, the odds ratio of a favorable versus an unfavorable conclusion in articles where investigators disclosed a food industry related conflict of interest is 2.67 (95% CI, 1.03 to 6.88). The prevalence of both industry funding and conflict of interest have increased over time, yet the percent of articles reporting favorable conclusions has not changed over time. This suggests that while industry funding and conflict of interest might skew nutrition research, the mixed conclusions in articles on saturated fatty acids are largely influenced by other factors. Therefore, all nutrition-related scientific articles on saturated fatty acids should be critically evaluated before informing dietary recommendations.

Modern science is turning to progressively more complex and data-rich subjects, which challenges the existing methods of data analysis and interpretation. Consequently, there is a pressing need for development of ever more powerful methods of extracting order from complex data and for automation of all steps of the scientific process. Virtual Scientist is a set of computational procedures that automate the method of inductive inference to derive a theory from observational data dominated by nonlinear regularities. The procedures utilize SINBAD - a novel computational method of nonlinear factor analysis that is based on the principle of maximization of mutual information among non-overlapping sources (Imax), yielding higher-order features of the data that reveal hidden causal factors controlling the observed phenomena. One major advantage of this approach is that it is not dependent on a particular choice of learning algorithm to use for the computations. The procedures build a theory of the studied subject by finding inferentially useful hidden factors, learning interdependencies among its variables, reconstructing its functional organization, and describing it by a concise graph of inferential relations among its variables. The graph is a quantitative model of the studied subject, capable of performing elaborate deductive inferences and explaining behaviors of the observed variables by behaviors of other such variables and discovered hidden factors. The set of Virtual Scientist procedures is a powerful analytical and theory-building tool designed to be used in research of complex scientific problems characterized by multivariate and nonlinear relations.<br>Ph.D.<br>School of Computer Science<br>Engineering and Computer Science;<br>Computer Science

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-03T12:30:36Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 CAPA.pdf: 6587 bytes, checksum: 2b1e4893b77f4a03ffa888fb1f5d6d23 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-14<br>The scientific researcher needs necessary information, in skillful time for conclusion of its works. With the advent of the INTERNET, the process of on-line communication, man x machine, mediated for the search mechanisms, became, simultaneously, an aid and a difficulty in the process of recovery of information. The researcher had that to adapt it the way to operate of the INTERNET and included knowledge of idiomatic differences, of terminology, beyond using instruments that supply parameters to it to get greater relevancy and relevance in the data. The use of intelligent agents for improvement of results and the reduction of semantic noises have been pointed as solutions with respect to increase of the precision in the result of the searches. The exploratory study of cases carried through it analyzes on-line research from the theory of the information and considers two forms to optimize the comunicacional process with sights to the relevancy and relevance of the gotten data: the first one suggests the application of algorithms that use mediating the controlled vocabulary as of the communication process using itself of the describers for on-line recovery. , and second the importance of the intelligent agents in the process of man-machine communication stands out.(AU)<br>O pesquisador científico necessita de informações precisas, em tempo hábil para conclusão de seus trabalhos. Com o advento da INTERNET, o processo de comunicação em linha, homem x máquina, mediado pelos mecanismos de busca, tornou-se, simultaneamente, um auxílio e uma dificuldade no processo de recuperação de informações. O pesquisador teve que adaptar-se ao modo de operar da INTERNET e incluiu conhecimentos de diferenças idiomáticas, de terminologia, além de utilizar instrumentos que lhe forneçam parâmetros para obter maior pertinência e relevância nos dados. O uso de agentes inteligentes para melhoria de resultados e a diminuição de ruídos semânticos têm sido apontados como soluções para aumento da precisão no resultado das buscas. O estudo de casos exploratório realizado analisa a pesquisa em linha a partir da teoria da informação e propõe duas formas de otimizar o processo comunicacional com vistas à pertinência e relevância dos dados obtidos: a primeira sugere a aplicação de algoritmos que utilizem o vocabulário controlado como mediador do processo de comunicação utilizando-se dos descritores para recuperação em linha. , e a segunda ressalta a importância dos agentes inteligentes no processo de comunicação homem-máquina.(AU)

This thesis takes a departure from a view of scientific literacy as situated in participation in civic practices. From such a view, it becomes problematic to assess scientific literacy through decontextualised test items only dealing with single aspects of participation in contexts concerned with science. Due to the complexity of transferring knowledge, it is problematic to assume that people who can explain scientific theories will automatically apply those theories in life or that knowledge will influence those people’s behaviour. A common way to more fully include the complexity of using science in different practices is to focus participation around issues and study how students use multiple sources to reflect critically and ethically on that issue. However, participation is situated in practices and thus becomes something specific within those practices. For instance, shopping for groceries for the family goes beyond reflecting critically and ethically on health and environment since it involves considering the family economy and the personal tastes of the family members. I have consequently chosen to focus my studies on how to assess scientific literacy as participation in civic practices. The thesis describes a praxis development research study where I, in cooperation with teachers, have designed interventions of assessments in lower secondary science classrooms. In the research study I use the theory of Community of Practice and Expansive Learning to study affordances and constraints for assessing communication, source critique and decision-making in the science classroom. The affordances and constraints for students’ participation in assessments are studied through using a socio-political debate as an assessment tool. The affordances and constraints for communicating assessment are studied through peer assessments of experimental design. The affordances and constraints for teachers to expand their assessment repertoire are studied through assessment moderation meetings. Finally, the affordances and constraints for designing authentic assessments of scientific literacy are studied through a review of different research studies’ use of authenticity in science education. The studies show that tensions emerge between purposes of practices outside the classroom and practices inside the classroom that students negotiated when participating in the assessments. Discussion groups were influential on students’ decisions on how to use feedback. Feedback that was not used to amend the designs was still used to discuss what should count as quality of experiments. Teachers used the moderation meetings to refine their assessments and teaching. However, conflicting views of scientific literacy as either propositional or procedural knowledge were challenging to overcome. Different publications in science education research emphasised personal or cultural aspects of authenticity. The different uses of authenticity have implications for authentic assessments, regarding the affordances and constraints for how to reify quality from external practices and through students’ engagement in practices. The results of the studies point to gains of focussing the assessment on how students negotiate participation in different civic practices. However, this approach to assessment puts different demands on assessment design than assessments in which students’ participation is compared with predefined ideals for performance.<br><p>At the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 1: Accepted. Paper 2: Submitted. Paper 3: Submitted. Paper 4: Manuscript.</p>

Cilj je specifikacija, modeliranje i implementacija sistema pretrage naučno-istraživačkih podataka. Sistem pretrage treba da omogući bogatu i efikasnu pretragu naučno-istraživačkih podataka. Osnovna ideja je da se pretraga zasniva na bibliotečkim standardima SRU/W i CQL kako bi se mogli prihvatati zahtevi za pretragu sa udaljenih računara, a da korisnici sistema mogu da pretraţuju putem veb forme implementirane upotrebom Web 2.0 tehnologije pri čemu se od korisnika ne očekuje poznavanje pomenutih standardaMetodologija &ndash; Na osnovu pregledane literature do&scaron;lo se do smernica za analizu sistema koji sadrţe naučno-istraţivače podatke. Na osnovu izvr&scaron;ene analize predloţene su neophodne funkcionalnosti i relevantni set indeksa koji pretraga CRIS sistema treba da podrţi. Predloţen je novi profil za pretragu podataka naučno-istraţivačke delatnosti. Implementiran je standardizovani sistem pretrage za CRIS sisteme baziran na Web 2.0 tehnologijama, SRU/W profilu pretrage i CQL upitnom jeziku. Sistem omogućava i udaljeno pretraţivanje eksternim entitetima zadavanjem adekvatnih zahteva u skladu sa SRU/W standardom. Kori&scaron;ćeni su CASE alati bazirani na objektno-orijentisanoj metodologiji za modeliranje sistema (UML 2.0). Softverska arhitektura je zasnovana na Internet tehnologijama. Za implementaciju je kori&scaron;ćena Java platforma. Dok je za izradu naprednih elemenata interfejsa kori&scaron;ćena se JSF biblioteka i AJAX tehnologije.Rezultati &ndash; Razvijen je unifikovani profil pretrage za CRIS sisteme i implementiran je standardizovani sistem pretrage naučno-istraživačkih podataka koji se koristi na Univerzitetu u Novom Sadu. Specificiran i implementiran je sistem za pretragu naučno-istraţivačkih rezultata baziran na Web 2.0 tehnologijama i upotrebi CQL upitnog jezika. Korisnički sistem je dovoljno intuitivan da ga mogu koristiti i korisnici koji i ne poznaju standarde na kojima se zasniva sam pretraga. Specificiran i implementiran je servis koji omogućuje pretragu sa udaljenih računara upotrebom SRU/W protokola.Praktična primena &ndash; Sistem za pretragu naučno-istraživačkih rezultata je implementiran kao deo CRIS UNS sistema koji se koristi na Univerzitetu u Novom Sadu. Čime je obezbeđen javni uvid i jednostavna pretraga podataka o institucijama/organizacijama, istraţivačima i publikovanim naučnim rezultatima unutar novosadskog univerziteta. Podrţani SRU/W standard ga čini potencijalno dostupnim i za eksterne sisteme.Vrednost &ndash; Dat je profil pretrage koji predstavlja predlog kako da se izvr&scaron;i standardizacija pretrage podataka iz naučno-istraţivačke oblasti. Posebna prednost pomenutog CRIS profila je nezavisnost istog od implementacije samog sistema pretrage. Sama primena predloţenog profila je vrlo jednostavna jer se njegovi elementi trebaju samo asocirati sa podacima u postojećim sistemima. Jednostavnost primene profila praktično je pokazana u CRIS sistemu Univerziteta u Novom Sadu. Sama aplikacija pretrage implementira SRU/W profil i pruţa potencijalnu inteoperabilnost sa sistemima koji podrţavaju SRU/W standard. Tako su nakon implementacije sistema, podaci iz CRIS UNS postali dostupniji i trasparentniji.<br>Aim &ndash; The aim is specification, modeling and implementation of search of scientific research data. Search system should provide a rich and effective search of scientific research data. The basic idea is to enable search based on bibliographic standards SRU/W and CQL, because system need to be able to process search requests from remote computer, and also to provide searching through the web form implemented using Web 2.0 technology where users do not need to know these standards.Methodology - From the related literature are came the guidelines for the analysis of systems that include scientific researchers data. Based on the analysis necessary functionality and relevant set of indexes that searches CRIS system should support are proposed. A new profile for the search data for scientific research was implemented. It was implemented a standardized system search for CRIS systems based on Web 2.0 technologies, SRU/W profile search and CQL Query Language. The system allows a remote search by entering appropriate requests in accordance with SRU/W standard. UML 2.0 CASE tools based on object-oriented methodology were used for modeling the system. The software architecture is relied on a set of Internet technologies. Implementation technologies are based on Java platform. For the development of advanced interface elements JSF library and AJAX technologies were used.Results - A unified search profile for CRIS systems and a standardized system of search of scientific research data were developed, which are booth used at the University of Novi Sad. It was specified and implemented a system for search of scientific research data based on Web 2.0 technologies and the CQL query language. GUI is intuitive enough that it can be used by people who do not know the standards on which the search operation is based. Also it was specified and implemented a service that allows remote computer to search by using theSRU/W protocol.Practical application - Search system of scientific research data is implemented as part of CRIS UNS system which used at the University of Novi Sad for a long time. CRIS UNS is now able to provide public access and easy search for data of institutions/ organizations, researchers and published scientific results within the University of Novi Sad. Supported SRU/W standard makes the CRIS UNS potentially interoperable with external systems.Value &ndash; Proposed search profile is some kind of a suggestion how to standardize the search and retrieval of scientific research data. A major advantage of the CRIS profile is that he has no any affect on the implementation of the search system. The application of the proposed profile is very simple because its elements should only be associated (mapped) with the data in existing systems. Ease of application for the profile is practically demonstrated in the CRIS system of the University of Novi Sad (CRIS UNS). Search application implements SRU/W profile and offers potential interoperability with the systems that support the SRU/W standard. After the implementation of the search system, it is obviously that data from CRIS UNS become more accessible and transparent.<br>null

Les grans infraestructures científiques s’enfronten a demandes creixents de responsabilitat pública, no només per la seva contribució al descobriment científic, sinó també per la seva capacitat de generar valor econòmic secundari. Per construir i operar les seves infraestructures sofisticades, sovint generen tecnologies frontereres dissenyant i construint solucions tècniques per a problemes d’enginyeria complexos i sense precedents. En paral·lel, la dècada anterior ha presenciat la ràpida irrupció de canvis tecnològics que han afectat la manera com es fa i es comparteix la ciència, cosa que ha comportat l’emergència del concepte d’Open Science (OS). Els governs avancen ràpidament vers aquest paradigma de OS i demanen a les grans infraestructures científiques que "obrin" els seus processos científics. No obstant, aquestes dues forces s'oposen, ja que la comercialització de tecnologies i resultats científics requereixen normalment d’inversions financeres importants i les empreses només estan disposades a assumir aquest cost si poden protegir la innovació de la imitació o de la competència deslleial. Aquesta tesi doctoral té com a objectiu comprendre com les noves aplicacions de les TIC afecten els resultats de la recerca i la transferència de tecnologia resultant en el context de les grans infraestructures científiques. La tesis pretén descobrir les tensions entre aquests dos vectors normatius, així com identificar els mecanismes que s’utilitzen per superar-les. La tesis es compon de quatre estudis: 1) Un estudi que aplica un mètode de recerca mixt que combina dades de dues enquestes d’escala global realitzades online (2016, 2018), amb dos cas d’estudi de dues comunitats científiques en física d’alta energia i biologia molecular que avaluen els factors explicatius darrere les pràctiques de compartir dades per part dels científics; 2) Un estudi de cas d’Open Targets, una infraestructura d’informació basada en dades considerades bens comuns, on el Laboratori Europeu de Biologia Molecular-EBI i empreses farmacèutiques col·laboren i comparteixen dades científiques i eines tecnològiques per accelerar el descobriment de medicaments; 3) Un estudi d’un conjunt de dades únic de 170 projectes finançats en el marc d’ATTRACT (un nou instrument de la Comissió Europea liderat per les grans infraestructures científiques europees) que té com a objectiu comprendre la naturalesa del procés de serendipitat que hi ha darrere de la transició de tecnologies de grans infraestructures científiques a aplicacions comercials abans no anticipades. ; i 4) un cas d’estudi sobre la tecnologia White Rabbit, un hardware sofisticat de codi obert desenvolupat al Consell Europeu per a la Recerca Nuclear (CERN) en col·laboració amb un extens ecosistema d’empreses.<br>Las grandes infraestructuras científicas se enfrentan a crecientes demandas de responsabilidad pública, no solo por su contribución al descubrimiento científico sino también por su capacidad de generar valor económico para la sociedad. Para construir y operar sus sofisticadas infraestructuras, a menudo generan tecnologías de vanguardia al diseñar y construir soluciones técnicas para problemas de ingeniería complejos y sin precedentes. Paralelamente, la década anterior ha visto la irrupción de rápidos cambios tecnológicos que afectan la forma en que se genera y comparte la ciencia, lo que ha llevado a acuñar el concepto de Open Science (OS). Los gobiernos se están moviendo rápidamente hacia este nuevo paradigma y están pidiendo a las grandes infraestructuras científicas que "abran" el proceso científico. Sin embargo, estas dos fuerzas se oponen, ya que la comercialización de tecnología y productos científicos generalmente requiere importantes inversiones financieras y las empresas están dispuestas a asumir este coste solo si pueden proteger la innovación de la imitación o la competencia desleal. Esta tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo comprender cómo las nuevas aplicaciones de las TIC están afectando los resultados científicos y la transferencia de tecnología resultante en el contexto de las grandes infraestructuras científicas. La tesis pretende descubrir las tensiones entre estas dos fuerzas normativas e identificar los mecanismos que se emplean para superarlas. La tesis se compone de cuatro estudios: 1) Un estudio que emplea un método mixto de investigación que combina datos de dos encuestas de escala global realizadas online (2016, 2018), con dos caso de estudio sobre dos comunidades científicas distintas -física de alta energía y biología molecular- que evalúan los factores explicativos detrás de las prácticas de intercambio de datos científicos; 2) Un caso de estudio sobre Open Targets, una infraestructura de información basada en datos considerados como bienes comunes, donde el Laboratorio Europeo de Biología Molecular-EBI y compañías farmacéuticas colaboran y comparten datos científicos y herramientas tecnológicas para acelerar el descubrimiento de fármacos; 3) Un estudio de un conjunto de datos único de 170 proyectos financiados bajo ATTRACT, un nuevo instrumento de la Comisión Europea liderado por grandes infraestructuras científicas europeas, que tiene como objetivo comprender la naturaleza del proceso fortuito detrás de la transición de las tecnologías de grandes infraestructuras científicas a aplicaciones comerciales previamente no anticipadas ; y 4) un estudio de caso de la tecnología White Rabbit, un sofisticado hardware de código abierto desarrollado en el Consejo Europeo de Investigación Nuclear (CERN) en colaboración con un extenso ecosistema de empresas.<br>Big science infrastructures are confronting increasing demands for public accountability, not only within scientific discovery but also their capacity to generate secondary economic value. To build and operate their sophisticated infrastructures, big science often generates frontier technologies by designing and building technical solutions to complex and unprecedented engineering problems. In parallel, the previous decade has seen the disruption of rapid technological changes impacting the way science is done and shared, which has led to the coining of the concept of Open Science (OS). Governments are quickly moving towards the OS paradigm and asking big science centres to "open up” the scientific process. Yet these two forces run in opposition as the commercialization of scientific outputs usually requires significant financial investments and companies are willing to bear this cost only if they can protect the innovation from imitation or unfair competition. This PhD dissertation aims at understanding how new applications of ICT are affecting primary research outcomes and the resultant technology transfer in the context of big and OS. It attempts to uncover the tensions in these two normative forces and identify the mechanisms that are employed to overcome them. The dissertation is comprised of four separate studies: 1) A mixed-method study combining two large-scale global online surveys to research scientists (2016, 2018), with two case studies in high energy physics and molecular biology scientific communities that assess explanatory factors behind scientific data-sharing practices; 2) A case study of Open Targets, an information infrastructure based upon data commons, where European Molecular Biology Laboratory-EBI and pharmaceutical companies collaborate and share scientific data and technological tools to accelerate drug discovery; 3) A study of a unique dataset of 170 projects funded under ATTRACT -a novel policy instrument of the European Commission lead by European big science infrastructures- which aims to understand the nature of the serendipitous process behind transitioning big science technologies to previously unanticipated commercial applications; and 4) a case study of White Rabbit technology, a sophisticated open-source hardware developed at the European Council for Nuclear Research (CERN) in collaboration with an extensive ecosystem of companies.

From a general point of view, the aim of this thesis is to study the appearance and the translation of the metaphor in a context that involves specialized texts. Our purpose is also to examine the historical expression of metaphor within aspects connected to its importance for creation of scientific terms. More precisely, the main object is to explore how metaphors have been used in the field of medical terminology and by which methods they have been translated across the languages. Our approach is based on the definition of conceptual metaphor conceived by Lakoff &amp; Johnson as a product of projections made by the thought (mapping). According to that idea, the metaphor constitutes a universal and essential element of human language and, therefore, also a keystone of the human communication reproduced at every level of social activity. From the cognitive point of view, our approach is also based on the theory of blending proposed by Fauconnier &amp; Turner. It is diachronic and multidisciplinary as well, which means that a particular focus has been placed on the etymology of medical terms, which we have explored in the scientific context where those terms have been created and used. The database in this study is composed of medical terms emerging from scientific texts that we have translated from French to Swedish.  During our analysis, we have explored the occurrence of conceptual metaphor across the source language and the target language (the last one is in fact represented in this thesis by four languages: French, Swedish, English and Polish). The translation methods have been analyzed according to the model of Vinay &amp; Darbelnet.   Our result indicates that conceptual metaphor plays a crucial role in the creation of medical terminology. It indicates also that the conceptualization of a medical phenomenon (expressed by mapping and blending) is almost always preserved in its original form in the target language. This observation implies that cognitive factors are activated during the process of translation. Our conclusion is made within the historical and scientific context, in other words regarding the context where the metaphorical terms have been created and afterwards transferred to other languages.   Key words: conceptual metaphor, metaphorical term, cognitive, etymology, medicine, scientific language, mapping, blending, conceptual shift, linguistic shift, translation, source language, target language.

Предмет овог истраживања су ефекти два&nbsp; типа наставне инструкције: традиционалнe, и експерименталне-наставне&nbsp; инструкције засноване на&nbsp; aктивној&nbsp; настави физике.&nbsp; У раду су приказане проблемска настава и научни метод као&nbsp; наставне&nbsp; инструкције&nbsp; у&nbsp; aктивној&nbsp; настави физике.&nbsp; Научни метод који је предмет овог истраживања заснива се на једноставним огледима у физици&nbsp; који не захтевају скупу опрему и могу се реализовати уз минимум наставних средстава која су доступна сваком - 230 -ученику.&nbsp; Приказани су резултати истраживања спроведеног са циљем&nbsp; испитивања утицаја примењених наставних инструкција у наставифизике, на резултат&nbsp; укупног образовног учинка, трајности стечених знања као и разумевање аспеката природе науке и научног истраживања у односу на&nbsp;&nbsp; традиционалну наставу. Испитивање је извршено&nbsp; као&nbsp; педагошки експеримент типапаралелних група,&nbsp; на узорку шестих и осмих разреда основне школе&nbsp; &bdquo;Мирослав Антић&ldquo; и &bdquo;Десанка Максимовић&ldquo; у Футогу. Утврђено је постојање значајне разлике у трајности задржавања знања као и бржем и темељнијем усвајању наставних садржаја применом наставних&nbsp; инструкција&nbsp; у&nbsp; aктивној&nbsp; настави физике&nbsp; у односу на традиционалну наставу. Анализа резултата финалног теста указује на&nbsp;&nbsp; позитиван тренд разумевања скоро свих аспеката природе науке у експерименталним групама. Главни недостатак у примени ових наставних инструкција представљају индивидуалне разлике ученика у&nbsp; брзини решавања постављеног проблема, као и недостатак адекватне литературе која би подржалa овакав облик наставе.<br>Predmet ovog istraživanja su efekti dva&nbsp; tipa nastavne instrukcije: tradicionalne, i eksperimentalne-nastavne&nbsp; instrukcije zasnovane na&nbsp; aktivnoj&nbsp; nastavi fizike.&nbsp; U radu su prikazane problemska nastava i naučni metod kao&nbsp; nastavne&nbsp; instrukcije&nbsp; u&nbsp; aktivnoj&nbsp; nastavi fizike.&nbsp; Naučni metod koji je predmet ovog istraživanja zasniva se na jednostavnim ogledima u fizici&nbsp; koji ne zahtevaju skupu opremu i mogu se realizovati uz minimum nastavnih sredstava koja su dostupna svakom - 230 -učeniku.&nbsp; Prikazani su rezultati istraživanja sprovedenog sa ciljem&nbsp; ispitivanja uticaja primenjenih nastavnih instrukcija u nastavifizike, na rezultat&nbsp; ukupnog obrazovnog učinka, trajnosti stečenih znanja kao i razumevanje aspekata prirode nauke i naučnog istraživanja u odnosu na&nbsp;&nbsp; tradicionalnu nastavu. Ispitivanje je izvršeno&nbsp; kao&nbsp; pedagoški eksperiment tipaparalelnih grupa,&nbsp; na uzorku šestih i osmih razreda osnovne škole&nbsp; &bdquo;Miroslav Antić&ldquo; i &bdquo;Desanka Maksimović&ldquo; u Futogu. Utvrđeno je postojanje značajne razlike u trajnosti zadržavanja znanja kao i bržem i temeljnijem usvajanju nastavnih sadržaja primenom nastavnih&nbsp; instrukcija&nbsp; u&nbsp; aktivnoj&nbsp; nastavi fizike&nbsp; u odnosu na tradicionalnu nastavu. Analiza rezultata finalnog testa ukazuje na&nbsp;&nbsp; pozitivan trend razumevanja skoro svih aspekata prirode nauke u eksperimentalnim grupama. Glavni nedostatak u primeni ovih nastavnih instrukcija predstavljaju individualne razlike učenika u&nbsp; brzini rešavanja postavljenog problema, kao i nedostatak adekvatne literature koja bi podržala ovakav oblik nastave.<br>The subject of this study&nbsp; is&nbsp; the effects of two types&nbsp; of teaching instruction: traditional and experimental teaching instructions based on the active teaching of physics. In this &nbsp;article is presented&nbsp; the problem solving teaching&nbsp; and&nbsp; the scientific method&nbsp; as a teaching instruction in active teaching of physics. - 232 -Scientific method that is the subject of this research is based on simple experiments in physics that do not require expensive equipment and can be implemented with minimum teaching resources that &nbsp;are&nbsp; available to every student. There are presented results of research carried out to study the effect of the applied educational instruction in physics, the result of the overall educational performance, durability of acquired knowledge and understanding &nbsp;of&nbsp; aspects of the nature of science and scientific&nbsp;research in relation to the traditional teaching. The study was conducted as a pedagogical experiment of&nbsp; parallel groups in a sample of sixth and eighth-graders, in schools &quot;Miroslav Antic&quot; and &quot;Desanka Maksimovic&quot; in Futog. The study of pedagogical documentation as well as the results obtained from initial test designed for the purpose of this research, formed the control and experimental groups matched for relevant educational parameters. Is done a comparison of the control group&nbsp; &ndash;&nbsp; the&nbsp; problem teaching,&nbsp; the control group&nbsp; -&nbsp; the scientific method&nbsp;and the&nbsp; problem teaching&nbsp; -&nbsp; the scientific method,&nbsp; in quantum, quality and efficiency of knowledge of the applied methods. The results were statistically&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; analyzed. There existed significant differences in the durability of knowledge retention, faster and more thorough adoption of educational content using of the active teaching instruction in teaching physics than traditional teaching. Analysis of the results of&nbsp;the final test shows a positive trend understanding of almost all aspects of the nature of science in the experimental groups. The main drawback in &nbsp;the implementation of the teaching instruction students is individual differences in the speed of solving the&nbsp;problem, and the lack of&nbsp; adequate literature&nbsp; to&nbsp; support this form &nbsp;of teaching.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:16:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4227.pdf: 8156408 bytes, checksum: 893190bd5ad8dc830580170738cd0a79 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-24<br>The rapid progress of Science and Technology in recent decades coupled with the advent of information and communication technologies has led to tremendous growth in the volume of information produced and made available, with replacement and diversity of formats. Therefore, on the one hand, there has been the expansion in the supply of information sources by commercial producers, scientific and institutional facilities with great access to information, as well as the changing behavior of users who have become more virtual and independent as they go less to the library to carry out their search activities, location and obtain information and documents; on the other hand, the lack of the users' competence or difficulty in dealing with these new information resources. Against this changing background, it is important that users and librarians play new roles. The user must be able to be autonomous in the information universe, and the librarian should play the role of a mediator. It is identified as the problem of this research that a large number of existing sources of information available in the area of Science and Technology in its various media and types is often an impediment for users to identify, be aware of and access them independently, efficiently and effectively. Thus, the aims of this research are: to investigate and identify trends for the application of tools to mediate the processes of searching, accessing and learning the use of information sources in academic libraries; to consider proposals in the use of tools for online bibliographic databases and suggest tool tips, their features and capabilities of their use that may be adopted by academic libraries. The methodology used was exploratory research and the method adopted was the content analysis through a quantitative and qualitative approach, including the collection of specific data regarding the availability of tools to mediate the use of sources of information on websites of university libraries. The study sample consisted of 24 libraries selected from the best national and international universities (Webometrics Ranking of World s Universities, World University Rankings 2011-2012, Índice Geral de Cursos). The results identified a general overview of how university libraries are conducting the mediation of information sources, especially in relation to bibliographic databases, and considering the tools that represent an incremental innovation in how libraries can play their roles as mediators, encouraging the development of competence in information from their users and providing tools for the process of knowledge generation and thereby help users to make the best use of technology and information sources in their academic and professional activities.<br>O acelerado progresso da Ciência e Tecnologia nas recentes décadas, aliado ao advento das tecnologias de informação e comunicação, acarretou um enorme crescimento do volume de informações produzidas e disponibilizadas, com substituição e diversidade de formatos. Consequentemente, por um lado, houve a ampliação na oferta de fontes de informação por parte de produtores comerciais, científicos e institucionais, com grandes facilidades de acesso à informação, como também a mudança no comportamento dos usuários que se tornaram mais virtuais e independentes, deslocando-se menos à biblioteca para a realização de suas atividades de busca, localização e obtenção de informação e documentos; por outro, a falta de competência ou dificuldade dos usuários diante desses novos recursos informacionais. Diante desse cenário de mudanças, considera-se importante que usuário e bibliotecário desempenhem novos papeis. O primeiro precisa ser capacitado para sua autonomia no universo informacional e o segundo, por sua vez, para exercer sua função de mediador. Identifica-se, como problema desta pesquisa, que um grande número existente de fontes de informação disponíveis na área de Ciência e Tecnologia, em seus variados suportes e tipologia, é muitas vezes um dificultador para que os usuários consigam identificá-las, conhecê-las e acessá-las de forma autônoma, eficiente e eficaz. Dessa forma, os objetivos desta pesquisa são: investigar e identificar tendências de aplicação de ferramentas para as atividades de mediação dos processos de busca, acesso e aprendizagem do uso de fontes de informação em bibliotecas universitárias; examinar propostas de uso das ferramentas para as bases de dados bibliográficas on-line e apontar sugestões de ferramentas, suas características e potencialidades de seu uso e que poderão ser adotadas por bibliotecas universitárias. A metodologia utilizada foi a pesquisa exploratória e, como método, a análise de conteúdo, com abordagem quantitativa e qualitativa, incluindo a coleta de dados específicos referentes à disponibilização de ferramentas para mediação do uso de fontes de informação em websites de bibliotecas universitárias. A amostra pesquisada foi composta por 24 bibliotecas selecionadas de melhores universidades internacionais e nacionais (Webometrics Ranking of World s Universities, World University Rankings 2011-2012, Índice Geral de Cursos). Como resultado, identificou-se um panorama geral de como as bibliotecas universitárias estão realizando o processo de mediação das fontes de informação, especialmente em relação às bases de dados bibliográficas, considerando as ferramentas que representam uma inovação incremental na forma de como elas podem desempenhar seus papeis de mediadoras, incentivando o desenvolvimento da competência em informação de seus usuários e instrumentalizando o processo de geração do conhecimento, e, com isso, contribuir para que eles façam o melhor uso possível das tecnologias e fontes de informação em suas atividades acadêmicas e profissionais.

This thesis examines the interplay between national copyright and patent laws, and informal user generated norms in the governance of open source bioinformatics projects. Bioinformatics describes an interdisciplinary merger between computer science, statistics and molecular biology for quantitative biology analysis. As for many computationally driven scientific fields, there is a strong initiative both by researchers inside and outside the field to encourage collaborative research through open source software and data licensing. However, a trend towards seeking exclusive copyright and patent protection for bioinformatics algorithms could foster exclusivity and discourage collaboration in bioinformatics. Whether this effect exists within bioinformatics research, and if so is best resolved through national copyright and patent reform or private ordering strategies (which are already present through open source licensing) is a matter of open debate. This thesis explores these issues using a mixed methods, grounded theory framework that compares open licensing of bioinformatics software across the US, the EU, Australia and New Zealand. This framework operates on three levels: firstly, with a doctrinal analysis of copyright and patent laws (as well as related sui generis rights for data compilations); secondly, with a quantitative analysis of patent applications in bioinformatics and forward citation rates for patent publication pairs to determine whether the grant of these patents has a negative effect on citation rates; and thirdly, through semi-structured interviewing of bioinformaticians who release open source software and also seek patent protection. Each of these layers of analysis reveals that national patent laws do not appear to have a significant effect on the formation and governance of open source bioinformatics communities, but law reform targeted at encouraging private ordering strategies through copyright licensing might have a positive effect. This thesis concludes by offering recommendations on assessing how private ordering strategies in open source bioinformatics can be improved to encourage collaborative research.

碩士<br>國立新竹教育大學<br>資訊科學研究所<br>98<br>Biological crystallography is a technique that can determinate the 3D structures of biological macromolecules from their single crystals, yet it is difficult for people to gain access to the knowledge of this advance technology and the operation of its experiments. In this study we created a digital curriculum to introduce the related research. In the highly interactive media, we used 3D modeling software to create the experiment station and its instruments. Then we used Virtools to design the virtual experimental procedure. With Web3D, we embedded the curriculum, including the laboratory of protein crystallography and the beamline for biological crystallography facility, in the website to provide users with an interactive way for accessing the knowledge of the experiment. This study discussed the effect of using this system. Users’ feedback indicates experiencing the experiment is highly interesting and the virtual reality is very helpful to understand the concepts of virtual experiment. Therefore, the objective of introducing the application of synchrotron radiation is accomplished.

У роботі розглядаються теоретичні засади фінансової політики забезпечення інноваційного розвитку економіки. Зроблено оцінку стану фінансової політики в сфері забезпечення інноваційного розвитку України. Обґрунтовано основні напрями удосконалення фінансової політики в сфері стимулювання інноваційного розвитку України на підставі зарубіжного та національного досвіду. Запропоновано економіко-математичну модель впливу інноваційної інфраструктури на створення умов для фінансування та комерціалізацію науково-технічних розробок.<br>The theoretical principles of financial policy of providing innovative development of economy are considered in the work. The state of financial policy in the sphere of providing innovative development of Ukraine is made. The basic directions of improvement of financial policy in the sphere of stimulation of innovative development of Ukraine on the basis of foreign and national experience are substantiated. An economic and mathematical model of the impact of innovative infrastructure on creating conditions for financing and commercialization of scientific and technical developments is proposed.

Dissertação de Mestrado em Informação, Comunicação e Novos Media apresentada à Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Coimbra<br>No universo actual, o investigador encara diversas formas de pesquisa e acesso à informação. A partilha do conhecimento é essencial para a ciência, sendo a tecnologia digital facilitadora deste processo, desde a criação ao acesso da informação científica. A tecnologia digital veio, de certo modo, colmatar alguns dos problemas de acesso ao conhecimento científico. Neste estudo tentar-se-á demonstrar que o conhecimento é um bem que deve ser para todos. O estudo de caso reflectirá o modo como na UC se está a reagir a um modelo de publicações em Open Access, a via dourada, como forma de difundir a investigação produzida no seu seio. É outro dos contributos, para além do “Estudo geral” para que o conhecimento possa ser amplamente difundido.<br>In the current of universe scientific knowledge, the researcher has several ways to search and access information. Sharing knowledge is essential to science, and digital technology facilitates this process, from creation to dissemination of scientific information. Digital technology has in some ways, overcome some of the problems of access to the archive of science. This study will attempt to demonstrate that knowledge can be published for all in order to maximize its use. The case study will reflect the way the UC is incorporating digital technology in both models recommended by the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI), the Golden road which is explored here, is one of the ways researchers can use to disseminate their results.

碩士<br>國立花蓮師範學院<br>國小科學教育研究所<br>93<br>Abstract The purpose of this research is to investigate the hot cognition effect in judgments on the reasonableness of scientific questions among children from senior grades of elementary schools. Source of credible information was taken as the variable to facilitate the analysis and examination on hot cognition effect. Weakening interventions by group discussion and reading short essay were executed in the experimental group to analyze the weakening effect. This research involves 16 classes of students from four elementary schools in central Hualien County as the subjects. 12 classes were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the other 4 were assigned to the control group. With two options A’ and B’ to be reinforced, the experimental group was further divided into groups A and B. The control group was referred as group C, thus the experiment included three groups. In addition to quantitative analysis, this quasi-experimental research also applied qualitative data to aid the interpretations of quantitative data. From the results of data analysis, it could be induced that: 1. Variation of average reasonableness in both experimental groups A and B tended to increase in options with authoritative reinforcement and decrease in those not reinforced. Analysis crosses class and items was carried out on the variation of reasonableness between pre-test and post-test. It was revealed that, in group A where option A’ was given positive authoritative reinforcement, average variation in option A’ increased 9.7% and reached a significant difference (P<.01) while in option B’ it decreased 6.8% with significant difference (P<.05). As for group B where option B was given positive authoritative reinforcement, the average variation of reasonableness in option B’ raised 8.1% with significant difference (P<.01) while that of option A’ lowered 4.3% (P>.05). In control group, however, variations in the reasonableness of raised 2.0% (P>.05) in options A’ and lowered 2.2% (P>.05) in option B’, both failing to reach statistical significant difference. Compared with control group, it was more magnificent in experimental group, indicating that children in experimental group made judgments under the influence of authoritative reinforcement, and the hot cognition effect was more obvious. 2. In view of the average variation in reasonableness by item and cross class, in experimental group A, variations in 7 out of the 8 items with reinforced option A’ raised with significant difference. And 6 items had the average variation in option B’ turn into negative with 4 items reached significant difference. In total, 11 of all the 16 options reached significant difference. In Group B where option B’ is manipulated with reinforcement, however, average reasonableness for B’ option in 6 items of the post-test rose with significant difference. And average reasonableness for option A’ in 7 items lowered in the post-test with 4 items reaching significant difference. In control group, among all the 16 options of A’ and B’, only 2 demonstrated significant difference in variation and no regularity was found. 3. In Chisquare test (χ2) by item and cross class for the variation of voter count, 5 out of all the 8 items in experimental group A reached significant difference. Similarly, 6 out of 8 in experimental group B reached significant difference. But in control group, each of the 8 items failed to reach significant difference. 4. After applying weakening tactics of group discussion and reading short essay, hot cognition in children was indeed weakened. Especially in class 501A, between the first pre-test and post-test, the average reasonableness of options A’ increased 9.41% and option B’ decreased 9.5%. In the second pre-test and post-test, the variation raised 3.22% and lowered 1.75% correspondingly. In other words, the range of variation reduced in the second test. In the first test, 5 options reached significant difference; and in the second test after weakening intervention, none of these 5 options revealed significant difference. From the viewpoint of cross-item variation in voter counts of reasonableness, Chisquare test reveals that χ2 value decreased from 16.5 in the first test (with significant difference) to 3.51 of the second test, implying that hot cognition in the second test was cooled. Similar weakening effect also occurred in classes 601A, 504B, and 604B. Range of reasonableness variation in the second pre-test and post-test decreased, indicating that hot cognition effect was affected by the weakening regime. 5. From self-perception questionnaire, a significant difference was found between self assessment and evaluation on others, which is not supported by the experiment. But after applying weakening tactics, the difference shrank. 6. From analysis on the contents of interviews, it could be understood that most children acquired scientific knowledge from books. As for the influence of channels by which scientific discourses were delivered, most children regard scientists as the most influential, followed by scientific books and related TV programs. Besides, children interviewed generally consider data on the Internet more influential to them than TV news.

Background: Free/Libre/Open-Source Software (FLOSS) is a basic part of our daily digital life. Also in libraries there is a growing number of FLOSS used for different processes. For german scientific libraries there is a deficit in research in this subject, neither in journals nor in specialized books. This study aims to approach this subject. Methods: In the first part of this Study there was fundamental research about the topic and an analysis of the literature to get the current state of resarch. Then, in the mixedmethods part, Interviews with experts from libraries were kept and the outcomes from the interviews were presented to other experts from libraries. At the end there was a triangulation of the qualitative and the quantitative part. Outcomes: The study showed that FLOSS is used by libraries in growing numbers. Core Area is the search engine technology. The study also shows that there might be a deficit in cooperation between the libraries, allthough the management has recognized the strategical concept of FLOSS and FLOSS-Ecosystems. Commitment of FLOSS is a challenge for different reasons. The study gives an overview about FLOSS in german scientific libraries. Keywords: Open Source Software, Free Software, Library, qualitative research, quantitative research, Triangulation

Change all but defines the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in American history. In the midst of these tumultuous times, America experienced a revolution of reform meant to develop and enhance all areas of life from politics to society, which led historians to call this time period the Progressive Era. However, the progress of the nation was not always the winning ideology. At times, the backlash against progressive ideas restrained innovators and caused them to disappear into the mires of history. One reformer who experienced this backlash was Fred Morrow Fling. Although he was an internationally-known historian, he remained a rather invisible history education reformer because his ideas were overshadowed by the enormous human events of his lifetime, including the work of other reformers and his unexpected death in 1934. As a trained scientific historian, Fling was a pioneer of historical method and the application of what became known as “source method” in the classroom and he espoused a radical approach to critical education that sought to embed a scientific approach into the teaching of history that has clear parallels with best teaching practices today. Thus, using traditional historical research methods and archival records from both Bowdoin College and the University of Nebraska, the author presents in this dissertation a biographical portrait of Fling’s life. Through the analysis of these historical documents and the evidence of his life recorded in publications and the public press, this portrait will serve to uncover both how Fred Morrow Fling’s conception of history education influenced his practice as a history professor and researcher and how Fred Morrow Fling’s philosophy of education formed and developed over his lifetime. Specifically, this author will consider: how can the philosophy of history education created by Fred Morrow Fling inform our current history education practices today? By investigating Fling’s life, researchers will finally be able to acknowledge Fling’s myriad contributions to history education, which are vital to composing a fuller picture of the history of social studies education.

Com este trabalho, pretendeu-se desenvolver um Sistema Integrado para a Gestão de Eventos de Natureza Científica recorrendo à integração de diversas aplicaçõesde código aberto existentes. Por forma a proceder a esta integração, estas soluções foram consideradas como componentes do sistema a desenvolver. A escolha das aplicações a integrar foi efetuada com base em diversos critérios, tendo sido efetuado um estudo mais aprofundado para a escolha da aplicação base para a gestão de eventos do tipo conferência científica. A escolha das restantes aplicações/componentes, foi efetuada com base em critérios definidos, nomeadamente, a simplicidade do código e a atividade do projeto assim como a relevância do mesmo face às funcionalidades cobertas, entre outras. Este trabalho enquadrou-se dentro de um conceito seguido atualmente no mundo dos sistemas de informação, a EAI (Enterprise Application Integration), ou seja, integração de sistemas de informação. A metodologia criada utiliza técnicas de integração síncronas, sendo utilizadas técnicas pertencentes a todas as camadas que compõe um sistema de informação (dados – lógica – interface do utilizador). Ao nível do modelo de desenvolvimento a metodologia seguida é adaptativa, baseada no modelo de desenvolvimento de software em cascata. A metodologia foi utilizada na construção de um sistema integrado para a gestão de eventos de natureza científica, que resulta da integração de diversas aplicações de código aberto, de utilização gratuita, presentes em dois dos principais repositórios deste tipo de aplicações (o Sourceforge e o Freecode). Pretendeu-se desta forma chamar a atenção para a utilização de aplicações de código aberto, integrando-as e utilizado-as como um sistema só, para a resolução de problemas que normalmente requereriam software dispendioso e desenvolvido especificamente para o efeito.<br>This dissertation aims to develop an integrated system for the management of scientific events by integrating several open source applications. In order with proceed to this integration, these solutions were considered as part of the developing system. The choice of the integrating applications, was made based on diverse/multiple defined criteria, and a study have been conducted to choose the base application for the scientific conference type events management. The choice of the remaining applications/components, was made based on defined criteria, namely, the code simplicity, the project's activity, as well as the importance of the application regarding the covered functionalities, among others. This dissertation is framed in a concept followed nowadays in the world of Information Systems, the EAI (Enterprise Application Integration), that is, integration of information systems. The created methodology uses synchronous integration techniques, that cover all the layers which compose an information system (data – logic – user-interface). Regarding the development model, the methodology followed is adaptive, based on the software development waterfall model. The methodology was was used to build an integrated system for the management of scientific events, which results in the integration of several open source applications, free of use, present at the two of the main repositories of this kind of applications (SourceForge and FreeCode). One of the objectives/aims of this dissertation is to call the attention to the use of open source applications, by integrating and using them as a solo system, to resolve problems that usually require expensive software specifically developed for the purpose.