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Academic literature on the topic 'Scintillateurs organiques – Conception et construction'
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Journal articles on the topic "Scintillateurs organiques – Conception et construction"
Fougeyrollas, Patrick. "Handicap." Anthropen, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.17184/eac.anthropen.013.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Scintillateurs organiques – Conception et construction"
Morin, Jonathan. "Conception d'un détecteur à scintillateur plastique pour les mesures dosimétriques en petits champs de radiation." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29482/29482.pdf.
Full textTherriault-Proulx, François. "DÉVELOPPEMENT DE NOUVEAUX DOSIMÈTRES À SCINTILLATEURS PLASTIQUES POUR DES APPLICATIONS IN VIVO EN RADIOTHÉRAPIE ET CURIETHÉRAPIE À HAUT DÉBIT DE DOSE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29683/29683.pdf.
Full textThe goal of this thesis is to develop new plastic scintillation dosimetry systems to enable the measurement of in vivo doses in real time and the verification of the treatment delivery accuracy for radiation therapy, especially for high dose rate brachytherapy. The necessity to account for the stem effect light produced in the optical guide by radiation was first shown. The detector built for this study was then used to verify its accuracy to measure dose in real time during the delivery of a typical prostate treatment plan in high dose rate brachytherapy. This measurement was performed inside a water phantom. Dose deposited at each dwell position, inside each catheter and for the entire treatment delivery was measured and compared to the treatment planning system. Another part of this research project was on the development of an approach to render possible measurement at multiple positions with the use of multiple scintillating elements and only a single collecting optical guide. Plastic scintillation detectors with 2 and 3 points of measurement were first developed and used under external beam high energy radiation therapy. The approach enabled the calculation of different signal contributions over the total optical signal; a study was then performed to evaluate the importance of the fluorescence component on the total stem effect under a variety of irradiation modalities and conditions. Finally, a 3-point detector was inserted inside a single catheter to perform dosimetry under Ir-192 high dose rate brachytherapy in a water phantom. Its accuracy to measure dose was demonstrated. An uncertainty budget was also calculated in order to evaluate the limitations of this detector for its clinical potential as a real-time in vivo dosimeter.
Fontbonne, Jean-Marc. "Conception et réalisation d'un dosimètre à scintillation adapté à la dosimétrie de faisceaux de rayonnements ionisants en radiothérapie." Caen, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002CAEN2060.
Full textNormand, Stéphane. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation d'un dispositif de détection neutronique basé sur l'utilisation de scintillateurs plastiques dopés au Bore." Phd thesis, Université de Caen, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00396150.
Full textDans une première partie, le processus de fabrication et la méthode de dopage en éléments borés sont présentés de façon détaillée. Différentes analyses physico-chimiques (I.R., UV-vis et RMN) ont été utilisées pour caractériser le matériau obtenu et pour confirmer sa composition et sa structure. De plus, une série d'expériences sous rayonnements alpha et sous faisceaux de protons a permis de mesurer les caractéristiques de scintillation. L'émission lumineuse peut ainsi être déterminée grâce à la relation semi-empirique de Birks.
Une seconde partie rend compte de la modélisation complète de l'ensemble du détecteur : interaction rayonnement - matière, émission et parcours de la lumière, formation du signal. Le code de calcul MCNP (Monte Carlo N-Particles) a été couplé à un code de génération et de propagation de lumière développé au cours de ce travail. Ces moyens de simulation ont permis d'optimiser les dimensions du détecteur pour la détection neutronique et de cerner l'influence de la géométrie sur la collecte des photons de scintillation. L'efficacité de détection et la durée de vie des neutrons dans ce type de détecteurs ont été estimées. Les mesures confirment la validité des simulations.
Une troisième partie fait état des méthodes de discrimination neutron - gamma analogique (méthode du passage par zéro) et numérique (méthode de la comparaison de charges) mises en œuvre pour ce scintillateur. Leurs performances respectives sont comparées et discutées.
La dernière partie concerne les applications qui peuvent bénéficier de l'utilisation de scintillateurs plastiques dopés au Bore, comme les fibres scintillantes dopées, la spectrométrie neutronique ou encore les systèmes de mesures des multiplicités neutroniques.
Enferadi-Kerenkan, Amir. "Oxyde de tungstène et de molybdène fonctionnalisés par des composés organiques comme catalyseur hétérogène performant pour la coupure oxydante de l'acide oléique en acides carboxyliques." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/29822.
Full textOils and fats of vegetable and animal origin have recently attracted a growing interest as renewable raw materials in oleochemical industries. This attention arises from not only the environmental reasons, but also economic ones. Unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs), as the constituent of lipids, can be oxidized to produce mono- and dicarboxylic acids which are applicably valuable materials in different industries. This oxidation process is so-called oxidative cleavage, since during the reaction carbon-carbon double bond(s) get cleaved. The most striking instance is production of azelaic acid, a valuable C9 diacid, from oleic acid (C18:1). Currently, this reaction is carried out in industry via ozonolysis, which, nowadays, has been converted to a controversial challenge due to the hazardous problems associated with use of ozone. Employing an eco-friendlier oxidant requires an active catalyst to be employed, as well. In this research, we have developed advanced heterogeneous catalysts based on tungsten and molybdenum oxides for oxidative cleavage of oleic acid with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. To find a highly efficient catalyst, different catalysts were prepared and tried including high surface area mesoporous tungsten oxide supported on γ-alumina, nanoparticles (NPs) of different structures of tungsten trioxide (hydrated and anhydrous), tungsten peroxide, and molybdenum oxide, as well as Keggin clusters of polyoxotungstates (POTs). While employing homogeneous catalysts in this reaction has been widely reported, the works on the heterogeneous catalysts are very rare, most probably due to the poor reactant/solid catalyst contact in liquid-phase reactions of lipids resulting in much lower catalytic efficiency of solid catalysts compared to the homogeneous ones. To tackle this obstacle in this research, we leveraged the strategy of organo-functionalization of the solid catalyst’s surface, to not only tune the hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity properties of the surface, but also improve the compatibility of the solid catalysts with the organic substrate, oleic acid, and the aqueous oxidant. For this purpose, different quaternary ammonium cations were employed in the synthesis including cetyltrimethylammonium (CTA+), tetramethylammonium (TMA+), tetrapropylammonium (TPA+), and tetrabutylammonium (TBA+). We have developed a green and straightforward approach for the synthesis and organo-functionalization of tungsten and molybdenum oxide NPs based on oxidative dissolution of micrometer-scale bare W and Mo powders. Interestingly, with some slight modifications in this approach and using larger quaternary ammonium salts in the synthesis we have succeeded to present a novel synthesis method for preparation of hybrid organic-inorganic POTs. In terms of catalytic reaction, application of heterogeneous POT catalysts in oxidation of UFAs has been reported for the first time in this work. The synthesized catalysts, generally, exhibited excellent activity compared to the reported heterogeneous ones. Full conversion of the initial oleic acid, with the highest yield of production of the desired diacid (azelaic acid) ~80 %, was achieved by optimization of the amount of the quaternary ammonium cation on the catalyst’s surface. Thanks to the organo-functionalization, these water-tolerant catalysts exhibited no significant leaching, as well as convenient recovery and steady reuse without noticeable decrease in activity, at least up to four cycles.
Shi, Feng. "Etude des propriétés physico-chimiques de surfaces microstructurées : application à la fabrication de verres organiques ophtalmiques digitaux." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7683/1/shi.pdf.
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