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1
Ki, Byeongseob, and Scott Klasky. "Scivis." Concurrency: Practice and Experience 10, no. 11-13 (September 1998): 1107–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1096-9128(199809/11)10:11/13<1107::aid-cpe417>3.0.co;2-k.
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Lalruatfela, B. "Immortality: The probable future of human evolution." Science Vision 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.01.01.
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Life and death is a natural phenomenon. Human have longed to be immortals and this is reflected in the beliefs of most, if not all, religions. In this article, brief overview of some of the immortal biological systems, both at the cellular and organismal levels are highlighted. Assumptions of the author on immortality and the probable future of human evolution are also discussed.
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Mahanta, Bashab N., Ranjan K. Sarmah, Tapos Kumar Goswami, and Banteilang R. Syngai. "Heavy mineral studies of Gondwana sandstones of Eastern Arunachal Himalaya and implications for provenance." Science Vision 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 8–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.01.02.
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A thin linear belt of Permian Lower Gondwana rocks occur in the Eastern Himalayas from Arunachal Pradesh to Sikkim. The Lower Gondwana Group of rocks consists of shale, siltstone, sandstone, carbonaceous shale and coaly matter and is sandwiched between Miri Group and Siwalik Group of rocks. Heavy mineral composition of sandstones is extensively used in the provenance studies as they are the surviving remnants of the rather abundant but unstable mafic components of the source rock. The sandstones of Lower Gondwana Group bear the heavy mineral assemblage of chlorite, biotite, zircon, ilmenite, epidote, garnet, amphibole, chloritoid, brown tourmaline, magnetite, staurolite, rutile, and opaques which is indicative of a provenance of metamorphic rocks with input of igneous rocks. Provenance sensitive mineral index ratios were also calculated to see the variation in the ratio of two or more stable minerals with the same characteristics.
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Kawlni, Donnie Lalfakzuala, and Chhungpuii Khawlhring. "Effect of planting time on the performance of broccoli under Mizoram conditions." Science Vision 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.01.03.
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Broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica), a popular vegetable crop, has one of the most exacting climatic and cultural requirements, which limit its commercial production to a few favored locations. A field experiment was conducted at Mizoram University, Tanhril, Mizoram during winter of 2013/2014 to find out the effect of time of sowing on plant performance and yield of broccoli. Six sowing time was done viz. 17 October (T1), 24 October (T2), 31 October (T3), 7 November (T4), 14 November (T5) and 21 November (T6) with plant spacing of 45cm x 45cm. Yield and yield contributing characters were significantly influenced by the planting time. Highest average weight of marketable curd per plant (199.20 g) was obtained from T2, whereas lowest average weight obtained from T6 (75 g). The influence of planting time also showed significant difference on the calculated yield (tonnes per hectare) of broccoli, in which T2 showed highest marketable yield of 9.83 t/ha.
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Lalruatfela, B., Jennifer Zoremsiami, and Ganesh Chandra Jagetia. "In vitro effect of tuibur (tobacco brew) on the viability of human blood lymphocytes." Science Vision 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 19–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.01.04.
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The use of tobacco and its products are known to cause many illnesses including cancer. A smokeless tobacco locally manufactured called tuibur (tobacco brew) has been consumed by the Mizos from a very long time. In this experiment we aim to determine the cytotoxicity of tuibur by an in vitro study on tuibur-treated human peripheral blood lymphocytes. We have found that 24 h treatment of human lymphocytes with two grades of commercial tuibur and nicotine showed a concentration dependent decrease in cell viability. We, therefore, concluded that as the in vitro use of tuibur has an adverse effect on cell survival, its consumption might have potential side effects on the health of the users.
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Lalchhanhimi, Jacinta, and Lalremsanga H.T. "Observation on the breeding biology of Polypedates teraiensis (Dubois, 1987) (Amphibia: Rhacophoridae)." Science Vision 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.01.05.
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The breeding biology of tree frog, Polypedates teraiensis was studied during the breeding season at Mizoram University Campus. It was found that sound production by male during the breeding season was primarily a reproductive function and advertisement calls attract females to the breeding areas and announce other males that a given territory is occupied. The aim of this study was to provide the detailed information on the breeding behaviour and the advertisement calls of Polypedates teraiensis. The morphometric measurements of the amplecting pairs (males and females) for sexual dimorphism along with clutch sizes were also studied.
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Lalchhandama, K. "The making of oncology: The tales of false carcinogenic worms." Science Vision 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2017): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.01.06.
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Cancer is a disease of antiquity. The Ancient Greeks were familiar with onkos (from which we have the term oncology)—tumour of all sorts. Hippocrates coined karkinos and karkinoma, our source of the words cancer and carcinoma. Of a plethora of carcinogens, parasitic worms (helminths) constitute a considerable health concern. Three trematodes, Clonorchis sinensis, Opisthorchis viverrini, and Schistosoma haematobium are now officially classified carcinogens. But the discovery of helminths as cancer-causing agents took wrong turns and marks an inglorious chapter in the history of science. The carcinogenicity of worms, vindicating Rudolf Virchow’s reiztheorie (irritation theory) of cancer origin, was glorified in the scientific forefront by Johannes Fibiger in the 1910s. Discovery of a new nematode, which he proudly named Spiroptera carcinoma, and his subsequent demonstration that the parasite could induce stomach cancer in rats, earned Fibiger a retrospective Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1926, and a lasting fame. But not in an appealing way. His achievement did not withstand the test of time. S. carcinoma was annulled as an invalid taxon in zoology—supplanted by Gongylonema neoplasticum—and eventually was branded as a non-carcinogenic agent.
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Zonunsanga, R., and Joe Magner. "Hydrological engineering for sustainable shifting agriculture in the Eastern tropical Himalayas: A conceptual discussion." Science Vision 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 55–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.02.01.
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Shifting agriculture has been regarded as the cause of degradation to most types of natural resources in the Eastern Himalayas. Attempts have been made by certain agencies to abolish the system or find alternatives but failed. Physical barriers arising from rugged topography along with the socio-economic conditions are the major hindrances for improved agricultural systems. Discussions on problems related to shifting agriculture and natural resources conservations have been made based on literature review and researches conducted in the region. Rainfall and vegetative cover being the major determinants of erosion intensity in the region, hydrological engineering model for on-farm soil conservation practices has been developed to control runoff, enhance rainfall interception and retain soil moisture and organic matter. Measures for on-site soil conservation include the use of locally available resources with the application of simple technology and economically inexpensive for the ignorant and poor marginal farmers.
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Pautu, Lalfakzuala, Zorammuana, Pachuau Lalmalsawma, and Zoramthara. "Report of first dengue outbreak in Aizawl, Mizoram, northeast India: Epidemiological and entomological surveillance and observations." Science Vision 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 61–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.02.02.
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Outbreaks of dengue disease have been reported from many parts of India including northeastern States. There were reports of dengue disease outbreaks from Moreh town in Manipur during 2007-2008 and from Pasighat in Arunachal Pradesh during 2012 from northeast India. The first outbreak of dengue-like fever in Mizoram was reported on 30th August from Tuikual North ‘C’ Mual, Aizawl, followed by consecutive outbreaks at 10 localities between August and December 2016 within Aizawl city. In these localities, epidemiological and entomological studies were conducted to identify the disease and its vector. Blood serums were collected from the patients for the serological confirmation and Aedes mosquitoes (adults and larvae) were collected for vector identification and confirmation. There were 580 (NS1=384, IgM=196) patients confirmed with the disease from 11 localities in Aizawl and Ae. aegypti were identified as a potential vector species. There was no predilection towards sexes and all age group are affected with a median age 30. Parameters of entomological study revealed high density of vector mosquito in the study areas. Public health actions pertaining to the prevention and control of the disease were implemented. As dengue is included among the notifiable diseases in India, government authorities should strengthen manpower, case management and laboratory support, and regularly organizing interactive co-ordination meetings at all levels to sensitize public through IEC and awareness programmes as well as source reduction of Aedes mosquito breeding.
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Zothanpuia and Bibhuti K. Kakoti. "In vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of Dillenia pentagyna Roxb. bark, a folklore medicine of Mizoram." Science Vision 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.02.03.
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Natural products have played an exceptionally important role in health care and prevention of diseases for thousands of years and are one of the greatest sources of medicine. Mizoram is a home to a rich variety of flora and fauna however; very less systematic survey and documentation were carried out to date. The plant diversity of Mizoram is not adequately studied as compared to other states of north east India. Dillenia pentagyna Roxb., known as kaihzawl in Mizo and dog teak in English, is one of the endangered plants that is yet to be explore. The Mizo communities use the decoction of D. pentagyna bark to treat different stomach ailments, inflammation and diabetes. In this perspective, the methanolic extract of the bark of D. pentagyna was evaluated for its anti-inflammatory properties. The extract showed the presence of flavanoids, triterpenoids, steroids, phenolics, saponins, fixed oils and others exerting varied pharmacological activities. The methanolic extract of this plant was found to contain active constituents such as betulinic acid and β-sitosterol which are found to actively interact with the inflammatory mediators and suppressed the inflammation when evaluated for its in vitro and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. The present study suggests that the methanolic extract of D. pentagyna bark showed significant anti-inflammatory activity. This study also support the folkloric used of the plant in diseases related to inflammatory condition.
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Lalchhandama, K. "The making of oncology: Helminthology as the cornerstone." Science Vision 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.02.04.
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Cancer is multifaceted and multifarious disease. The diversity of cancer is complicated by so many types of carcinogens. Remarkably, helminth parasites are among the first well-established cancer agents. It started with the celebrated discovery of a roundworm Gongylonema neoplasticum (more famously, but wrongly, as Spiroptera carcinoma) by Johannes Fibiger, only to show that Nobel Prize selection can be a fallible operation. After almost a century of scepticism, it is now conceded that helminths, other than G. neoplasticum, are truly carcinogenic. For the first time in history, the International Agency for Research on Cancer finally proclaimed in 2009 that three flukes, Schistosoma haematobium (urinary blood fluke), Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke), and Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke) are Group 1, i.e. fully proven, carcinogens. The first is the leading cause of bladder cancer, while the latter two are of that of the bile duct (cholangiocarcinoma). This is the story of how they came to be.
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Lalchhandama, K. "The making of oncology: The trinity of true carcinogenic worms." Science Vision 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 94–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.02.05.
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Three flukes, Schistosoma haematobium (urinary blood fluke), Clonorchis sinensis (Chinese liver fluke), and Opisthorchis viverrini (Southeast Asian liver fluke) are, by official decree, Group 1 (fully proven) human carcinogens. Thus, they comprise a group of preventable carcinogens. But considering the situation of prevailing infection, from the lifestyle and food habits of people in the endemic regions, it is unlikely that they are eradicated in the near future. S. haematobium is transmitted by snails and infection is acquired from snail-infested water. C. sinensis and O. viverrini are both transmitted from eating fish. As medically important flukes, it is crucial to understand their biology, and this is an attempt to explain that in the light of the history of their discovery. Further, this is written with a hope that several facts, often erroneously presented in scientific literature, about these flukes are rectified.
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Lalthanzara, H. "A systematic list of mammals of Mizoram, India." Science Vision 17, no. 2 (June 30, 2017): 104–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.02.06.
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A comprehensive systematic list of wild mammals of the state of Mizoram, northeast India, has been collated from historical records, primary and secondary information by incorporating reliable data after personal interview with elderly prominent hunters. A total of 126 species of wild mammals belonging to 32 families under 11 orders, including 8 primate species, 14 herbivores with angulates, among carnivores - 3 ursids, 2 canids, 8 felids, 19 lesser carnivores; and 5 fossoreal, 9 arboreal, 22 rodents, 35 chiropterans and 1 aquatic mammal are listed. Bats (Chiroptera) formed the largest group (28%) with 35 species under 7 families followed by carnivores (25%) with 32 species and rodents (24%) with 30 species. Furthermore, Cetacea, Proboscidae, Scandentia and Pholidota orders were represented by a single species each. The rats and mice family Muridae formed the biggest family with 16 species followed by the vesper bats family Vespertilionidae with 14 species. The list contains three critically endangered species including two locally extinct species, eight endangered species including two locally extinct species, 18 vulnerable species including one locally extinct species and 8 near-threatened species, i.e. a total of 37 threatened species. The list also provides the vernacular name, common English name and scientific name of each species, local status, IUCN (2016-3) threatened category, WPA schedule and CITES appendix were given. Five species were considered as locally extinct; habitat destruction and poaching being the major cause, and therefore, immediate conservative measures are suggested.
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Pathak, Raghvendu. "Solvation enthalpy of uranium tetrachloride in aqueous-alcohols mixed solvents." Science Vision 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 122–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.03.01.
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The process of interaction between ions of a solute and the molecules of the solvent through relatively weak covalent bonds is called solvation. It involves evening out a concentration gradient and evenly distributing the solute molecules within the solvent. Hydration is a special case of solvation when the solvent molecules are water. Solvation energy, generally, is the energy released when ions in crystal lattices associate with molecules in a solvent, however it can be positive or negative, depending upon the combined effects of lattice and hydration energies in case of aqueous-ionic solid dissolution. Uranous chloride or uranium tetrachloride (UCl4) is a green crystalline solid which sublimes in vacuum at 500°C/10-3 mm. It is a Lewis acid and hence dissolves in solvents which can act as non-protic Lewis bases. Although dissolution of uranium tetrachloride crystals in water is an exothermic process yielding a green solution which is fairly stable in the cold, yet is hydrolyzed to a considerable extent to furnish an acidic reaction. Solvation enthalpies of quadrivalent uranium system have been scantly reported. The present communication deals with the calculation of enthalpy of solution of uranium tetrachloride in aqueous-non-aqueous solvent mixtures, particularly in 10 and 20 weight (wt) % methyl alcohol-water and ethyl alcohol-water systems at 25°C calorimetrically and thereby estimating the solvation enthalpy of UCl4 in the said media.
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Bharali, Bubul, Pradip Borgohain, Devojit Bezbaruah, V. Vanthangliana, Parakh Protim Phukan, and Raghupratim Rakshit. "A geological study on Upper Bhuban Formation in parts of Surma Basin, Aizawl, Mizoram." Science Vision 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 128–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.03.02.
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Tertiary sediments are thickly deposited in most part of the northeast India attaining a maximum thickness of ±7 km sedimentary succession. Surma basin located in the eastern proximity of India is also characterized by a thick sedimentary column which can be considered as the northeastern extension of Greater Bengal basin. This basin was initiated due to the mutual collision between Indian and Burmese Plate. Due to this collision, the bed rocks have undergone folding which are oriented N-S trending hill ranges. The basin was also cut by a number of parallel to sub-parallel transverse faults and thrusts. The litho association is consisting of sandstone, siltstone, shale and their various proportions. The present study focused on the provenance of the sediments, tectonic settings of the basin and various paleoclimatic conditions prevailing during the time of deposition by using petrography, granulometric and heavy mineral analysis of representative rock samples which were collected from various parts of Aizawl district of Mizoram belonging to the Upper Bhuban Formation. Based on the various proxies it was confirmed that the sediments were primarily derived from surrounding orogens and deposited in a shallow marine basin under the influence of fluvial-deltaic conditions which were basically sourced from felsic provenance. The sediments were moderately weathered under semi-humid to humid climatic condition before they deposited into Surma basin. Sandstones samples are litharenite and wacke type which were deposited in an active continental margin to recycled orogen settings.
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Lalronunga, Samuel, and C. Lalrinchhana. "Morphological and molecular characterization of Theloderma moloch (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot of northeast India." Science Vision 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 148–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.03.03.
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Specimens of a rare rhacophorid frog of the genus Theloderma were collected from Hmuifang, Mizoram, India. Based on their morphology and molecular analysis (16S rRNA), the specimens were identified as Theloderma moloch, a rare species previously recorded only from the Himalayan foothills of India and China. The present record significantly extends the known range of the species and is a first record for the state of Mizoram and Indo-Burma biodiversity hotspot. The uncorrected p-distance between the specimen from Mizoram, NE India and the specimen from Arunachal Pradesh, India (KU169993) and Tibet, China (KU243081) are 0.0% and 1.2% respectively.
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Vanlalfakawma, David C., F. Lalnunmawia, Sukanta Kumar Sen, and S. K. Tripathi. "Sporadic flowering of Bambusa tulda in Mizoram: A preliminary report." Science Vision 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 160–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.03.04.
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Bambusa tulda Roxb. is a semi-deciduous caespitose bamboo endemic to Indo-Burma. It is known as ‘rawṭhing’ in Mizoram, India, and its mass gregarious flowering is called ṭhingtâm. ‘Ṭhingtâm’ has a cycle of about 45-50 years. The first ṭhingtâm, recorded in the region was in 1880, which was preceded by mautâm (gregarious flowering of Melocanna baccifera) in 1862; i.e., the ṭhingtâm phenomenon occurred ~20 years after the Mautâm. The last ṭhingtâm was recorded in 1981. However, there has been a localised ṭhingtâm at Zawlnuam, a village at the northwestern Mizoram. The first flowering was recorded in 2015. This unusual phenomenon needs to be investigated.
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Blick, John, and Shiva Kumar. "Assessment of potable water quality of surface water (tuikhur) and hand pumps in Siaha, southern Mizoram." Science Vision 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): 163–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.03.05.
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The present study focused on the physico-chemical characterization of potable water from hand pump (groundwater) and sub-surface (tuikhur) water in Siaha, Mizoram, during pre-monsoon season of 2017. pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), electrical conductivity (EC), turbidity, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), nitrate (NO3), sulphate (SO4) and chloride (Cl) and their mean values obtained were 7.1, 67.72 mg/L, 103 mg/L, 1.8 NTU, 43.9 mg/L, 45 mg/L, 0.30 mg/L, 6.24 mg/L, 7.21 mg/L, 0.23 mg/L, 3.27 mg/L and 9.51 mg/L respectively. The results revealed that all these water samples were well within permissible limits established by World Health Organization (WHO), and Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS). Hence, they are suitable for drinking purposes. However, Iron contents at few sites are found exceeding the permissible value of 0.3 mg/L.
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Lalchhandama, K. "The path to the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine." Science Vision 17, no. 3 (September 30, 2017): S1—S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.03.06.
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Jeffrey C. Hall, Michael Rosbash and Michael W. Young are selected to receive the 2017 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2017 “for their discoveries of molecular mechanisms controlling the circadian rhythm”. They discovered clock genes and their protein-products that control the circadian rhythm in the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster. Starting with their work on the major clock gene period (per) in the 1980s, they subsequently discovered novel genes such as Clock, cry, cycle, dbt, pdp1, per, tim, vri, and their mutations that affect the fruit fly daily behaviours. With the proteins these genes produce, their discoveries have established the understanding of a complex molecular network of clock genes and proteins. This comprehensive knowledge further enrich our perception of circadian rhythm in other animals, including us. Behind this knowledge is the foundation of understanding of many disease and health-related issues concerned with our genetics, hormones, and behaviour. Their discoveries are befitting of the Nobel Prize, but it is a bit of an irony that the pioneer discovers have already died and will forever be denied of their deservedly fame. The epoch-making discovery of per gene was in fact by Seymour Benzer and his student Ronald J. Konopka discovered in 1971. Konopka especially continued as one of the leading scientists, in many of the later discoveries. But life and luck for Nobel fame ran out for them.
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Lalrinawmi, Hmar, Josiah M. C. Vabeikhokhei, John Zothanzama, and Zohmangaiha. "Edible mushrooms of Mizoram." Science Vision 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 172–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.04.01.
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Twenty-seven (27) species of edible mushrooms growing in both soil and wood have been described here from Mizoram, India. All the species were identified based on their morphological, both macro- and microscopic characteristics. The study was carried out during July 2013 to October 2016. Wood inhabiting fungi viz. Schizophyllum commune (pasi), Lentinula lateritia (pa pal), Auricularia auricular-judae (Pu Vana beng), Lentinus tigrinus (pa hnahkhar), L. polychrous (pa chang/pa puanveng) and soil growing fungi viz., Lactifluus corrugis (pa uithin), Lactarius piperatus (pa lengvar), Macrolepiota dolichaula (pa se-ek), Russula subfragiliformis (pa lengsen), Termotomyces heimii (pa sawntlung), Volvariella taylorii (changel pa) are the edible species known to the local community. Other edible species yet unknown to the local community in Mizoram are also recorded viz., Cantharellus cibarius, Craterellus cornucopioides, Lycoperdon perlatum, Macrolepiota procera, Ramariopsis kunzei, Russula aurora, R. compacta, R. cyanoxantha, Lentinula edodes, Lentinus sajor-caju, Pleurotus ostreatus, P. djamor, Tremella fuciformis, T. mesenterica, Laetiporus suphureus and Fistulina hepatica.
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Lalthanpuii, P. B., C. Lalhriatpuia, and K. Vanlaldinpuia. "Asymmetric Michael addition using sugar derived organocatalysts." Science Vision 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 182–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.04.02.
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Sugars are low-molecular-weight carbohydrates which consist of polyhydroxyl and carbonyl (aldehyde or ketone) functional groups. Different types of compounds derived from sugars have been used extensively as powerful and effective catalysts for asymmetric synthesis. They are readily available at a reasonable price, easily prepared, no metal contamination and are inert towards moisture and air. They are highly functionalized and have well defined stereogenic centres. Most of them are employed as chiral ligands in metal based asymmetric catalysis and are used for various asymmetric transformations. Different compounds derived from sugars have also been used recently as organocatalysts for asymmetric synthesis. The present article provides some of the organocatalysts used for asymmetric synthesis.
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Malsawmtluangi, C., B. Lalzamliana, and Klaudi K. Vaiphei. "Determination of heavy metals and pesticide residues level in selected sundried and smoked vegetables from Aizawl market." Science Vision 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.04.03.
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Sundried and smoked vegetables constitute major parts of the Mizo cuisine. Heavy metals and pesticides can be present in vegetables and cause many diseases including cancer. The objective of this study is to determine the concentration of heavy metal and pesticide residues in commonly consumed sundried and smoked vegetables from Aizawl market. Since cancer is prevailing at a high rate in Mizoram, it also aims to study whether there is any link between cancer and these vegetables. The concentrations of heavy metals were analyzed using atomic absorption spectroscopy and pesticide residues levels were analyzed using gas chromatography. This study reveals that the levels of heavy metals tested were within the permissible limits in all the vegetable samples, except for cadmium. Since cadmium exceeds the permissible limit, it can pose health risk for the consumers. The pesticide residues found in the tested samples were all within permissible limits. However, the amount and duration of consumption need to be considered as this can be a predisposing factor for cancer and other diseases.
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Rakshit, Raghupratim, Lalhmingsangi, Devojit Bezbaruah, and Bubul Bharali. "Morphotectonic and sedimentological aspects in describing the relationship with ancient failure surfaces in southern part of Aizawl anticline, Mizoram, India." Science Vision 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 204–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.04.04.
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Population growth in Aizawl city has caused urban areas to expand into landslide-prone areas. These areas comprised of Bhuban Formation rocks of Surma Group and have geological features that frequently generate ground instabilities. The present study integrated with morphotectonic analysis, geotectonic characterization, role of litho-units including their sedimentological aspects and analyses of precipitation time series reveals that the southern part of Aizawl city is tectonically active and lithologically vulnerable towards landslide disaster. Greater surface slope and similar bed attitude enhance the risk of failure. The massive sandstone overlies upon weak clay surfaces that are regularly lubricated by high down pour. Even moderate rainfall can trigger the landslides. The clay layers can mobilize the geological litho-sequences as a combined result of the tropical humid climate and observed weak slope stability conditions. A catastrophic landslide had killed more than 80 people and many other sliding events have been recorded in adjacent areas. Therefore, this study presents tectonic and geologic conditions which can help to predict future slides.
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Lalhruaitluangi and Chhungpuii Khawlhring. "Standardization of drying techniques for hybrid tea rose variety, Valencia." Science Vision 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 217–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.04.05.
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The present experiment was carried out to standardize suitable drying techniques for hybrid tea rose variety ‘Valencia”. Two types of desiccants viz., silica gel and boric acid were used as embedding materials for drying, and the flowers were dried in hot air oven with different temperature and time combinations such as 40°C for 24 hours and 48 hours, 45°C for 24 hours and 48 hours, 50°C for 24 hours and 48 hours, 55°C for 24 hours and 48 hours, 60°C for 24 hours and 48 hours. Different observations were taken such as fresh and dry weight of flowers and hence moisture loss percentage calculated, petal diameter before and after drying were taken and hence petal shrinkage was determined. Sensory evaluations such as flower colour, shape, texture and overall acceptability was also determined. Results show that maximum moisture loss percentage (86.44%) was obtained in flowers embedded with silica gel and dried at 60°C for 48 hours; largest difference between petal diameter of fresh and dry flowers, and also maximum petal shrinkage of 14.27% occurred in those embedded with silica gel and dried at 60°C for 48 hours, whereas best score in sensory evaluations in terms of flower colour, flower shape, flower texture and overall acceptability were obtained with rose flowers embedded in silica gel and drying at 50°C for 48 hours.
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Lalruatsanga, H. "Phenotypic plasticity and ecology of three species of Podostemaceae Rich. Ex C. Agardh." Science Vision 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 222–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.04.06.
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The members of Podostemaceae, commonly called river-weeds, are with very peculiar vegetative form; revealing many unique morphological, anatomical and ecological characters from other angiosperms. They undergo an annual cycle of colonization, establishment of a canopy of mature plant, and dies back when the water level drops. The annual pattern is dictated by high and low water periods. Physico-chemical analysis showed that the largest population of the species occupied an area of full sunlight. Water samples from the two study sites viz. Janiaw and Umtienger localities, both from East Khasi Hills District, Meghalaya, India, showing high pH indicated less human activities of different kind. It is also determined that the species inhabits clean rivers, thus, they serve as an indicator of clean water. They occur primarily in low nutrient condition. Further, it was also observed that dissolved oxygen is the most essential factor for successful establishment of these plants, rather than other nutrients and pH. Toxic discharge of effluents from industries and agrochemical residues are serious threat to podostemads that has unique ecological requirement.
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Ralte, Vanlalhruaii. "Effect of coal mining on soil physico-chemical properties of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve of Meghalaya, northeastern India." Science Vision 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 228–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.04.07.
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Mining causes massive damage to landscape and biological components of an ecosystem. Due to extensive and unmanaged coal mining in the southern part of Nokrek Biosphere Reserve of Meghalaya, the area has been turned into degraded land since nutrient deficient sandy spoils are hostile for the growth and regeneration of plant communities. Soil is sandy to sandy loam and red, brown to dark brown in colour. The physico-chemical properties of the soil were greatly affected due to coal mining. There is an increased acidity i.e. from 6.00 in the undisturbed forest (control site) to 3.50 in the coal mine spoil since abandoned mine spoil discharge acidic water that are enriched with iron and other metals and metalloids. Apart from this, soil nutrients are greatly depleted. The core zone soils are rich in organic matter and nutrients whereas coalmine spoils show sign of degradation especially in the nutrient content.
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Lalhmingliani, Esther, and Freddy Lalrinpuia. "A preliminary assessment on the plankton diversity of Serlui ‘B’ dam in Mizoram, northeast India." Science Vision 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 238–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.04.08.
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Planktonic sampling was carried out at Serlui ‘B’ dam, Mizoram, northeast India from July 2016 to April 2017. The present study reported the occurrence of 6 groups of phytoplankton belonging to 27 genera and 16 orders and 4 groups of zooplanktons belonging to 12 genera 7 orders. The phytoplankton group consisted of Cyanophyceae, Bacillariophyceae, Ulvophyceae, Zygnematophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Xanthophyceae. Cyanophyceae were the predominant component of phytoplankton in Serlui ‘B’ dam during all seasons in terms of numerical abundance and account for 64% of the total phytoplankton. The zooplankton groups consisted of Maxillopoda, Tubulinea, Eurotatoria and Branchiopoda. Of these, the class Maxillopoda was the predominant component of zooplankton in Serlui ‘B’ dam during all season in terms of numerical abundance and account for 73% of the total zooplankton encountered from the study site. This study provides preliminary report of planktons of Serlui ‘B’ dam.
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Lalchhandama, K. "Rickettsiosis as a critical emerging infectious disease in India." Science Vision 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2017): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.17.04.09.
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Gram-negative bacteria belonging to the order Rickettsiales such as Anaplasma, Ehrlichia, Neorickettsia, Rickettsia, and Orientia are the causative agents of infectious diseases collectively known as rickettsioses. Of the different rickettsial diseases, spotted fever and scrub typhus have ravaged India for the past couple of centuries. Specifically called the Indian tick typhus, spotted fever was discovered in India in the latter half of the 19th century. After several decades of dormancy, the disease re-emerged in several parts of India. Scrub typhus, originally discovered in Japan, has been recognised to be endemic to a so-called Tsutsugamushi Triangle, extending from Russian Far East and Korea in the north to northern Australia in the south and Afghanistan in the west, but the geographical description has now been breached. Not only in India, scrub typhus has emerged as the leading infectious disease in all endemic areas. Almost all Indian states have records of recurrent outbreaks. Infection can be of dire consequences, as multi-organ dysfunction and neurological disorder (meningocephalitis) are the common complications. This article discusses the historical background and scientific reports of rickettsioses in India.
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Lalthanzara, H., Ruth Lalfelpuii, C. Zothansanga, M. Vabeiryureilai, N. Senthil Kumar, and G. Gurusubramanium. "Oligochaete taxonomy – The rise of earthworm DNA barcode in India." Science Vision 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.01.01.
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Oligochaeta is a class of segmented worms under the phylum Annelida that are characterised by the presence of tiny setae in each body segment. Earthworms are the main members, consisting of approximately 6200 species. Their ecological importance is well known as they are the major soil macro-fauna; Aristotle had named them as “the intestines of soil”. Classification of earthworms is a controversial issue since the introduction of modern taxonomical system on earthworm by Michaelsen in 1921. This is mainly because conventional identification using morphological and anatomical characters are complicated and confusing. The key diagnostic features such as the position and structure of the reproductive organs, clitellum and the associated tubercular pubertatis are not always reliable, particularly in different developmental stages, especially when the available specimens are the juveniles. DNA barcoding has offered a potential solution, even at the levels of identifying the juveniles or cocoons. Several genes including mitochondrial cytochrome-c oxidase I, 16S, 18S and 28S ribosomal RNAs, and protein-coding histone H3 genes have been introduced in the taxonomy and phylogeny of earthworm. It is anticipated that DNA barcoding will help conflicting taxonomy and further exploration of species diversity in India.
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Kumar, Rajesh, and Ashwamedh Mourya. "Certain results on Ricci solitons in α-Kenmotsu manifolds." Science Vision 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.01.02.
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In this paper, we study some curvature problems of Ricci solitons in α-Kenmotsu manifold. It is shown that a symmetric parallel second order-covariant tensor in a α-Kenmotsu manifold is a constant multiple of the metric tensor. Using this result, it is shown that if (Lvg + 2S) is parallel where V is a given vector field, then the structure (g, V, λ) yield a Ricci soliton. Further, by virtue of this result, Ricci solitons for n-dimentional α-Kenmotsu manifolds are obtained. In the last section, we discuss Ricci soliton for 3-dimentional α-Kenmotsu manifolds.
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Marak, Nadaline M., and Lalnundanga. "Enumeration of ethno-medicinal plants in Rongram Block of West Garo Hills District, Meghalaya." Science Vision 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.01.03.
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A study was conducted to enumerate the ethno-medicinal plants in Rongram block of West Garo Hills District, Meghalaya. The study was based on the primary survey and data collected through questionnaires, focus-group discussions and semi-structured interviews prepared for the purpose by approaching the local traditional healers (oja) as well as villagers. The study revealed that a total of 18 medicinal plants belonging to 18 genera and 16 families were documented. Information on local names, scientific names, family, plant parts used and traditional usage of these plants were also reported. Among the documented medicinal plant species, trees were most frequently used followed by herbs, shrubs and climbers. The study also revealed that leaves were most commonly used in the treatment followed by the bark.
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Singh, K. Khelchandra, Khuraijam Usha, and B. M. Sharma. "A study on the biomass variation of the macrophytes in Poiroupat Lake, Manipur, northeast India." Science Vision 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 22–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.01.04.
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Biomass assessment of the macrophytic plant species were carried out at Poiroupat lake located in Imphal East district of Manipur. The present study reveals the presence of 30 aquatic macrophytes. The recorded aquatic macrophytes of the lake have been classified into four categories, viz. submerged (10%), rooted with floating leaves (16.7%), free floating (20%) and emergent (53.3%). In all the study sites, Ceratophyllum demersum recorded the maximum total biomass with values ranging from 24.52 (Site I) to 241.45 gm–2 (Site III). This was followed by Alternanthera philoxeroides with values ranging from 25.74 (Site II) to 139.77 gm–2 (Site II). This was successively followed by Utricularia flexuosa (14.12 to 110.45 gm–2), Ludwigia adscendens (14.09 to 89.32 gm–2), Nymphaea stellata (29.66 to 84.32 gm–2), Nelumbo nucifera (15.03 to 67.41 gm–2), Hydrilla verticillata (16.09 to 67.00 gm–2), Hygroryza aristata (30.95 to 62.52 gm–2), Ipomoea aquatica (4.54 to 58.31 gm–2), Nymphoides indicum (4.41 to 47.95 gm–2). Eichhornia crassipes recorded peak value of 26.54 gm–2. During the entire study period, the total biomass of all species (combined) ranged from 130.07 to 512.28 gm–2. The maximum biomass values were recorded during rainy season.
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Devi, Y. Rangeela, and S. Dorendrajit Singh. "Annealing effect on thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve of Ca0.99SO4:Eu0.005Dy0.005phosphor." Science Vision 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.01.05.
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Ca1-x-ySO4:Eux,Dyy (0 < x < 0.04, 0 < y < 0.04) phosphors were prepared and characterized by XRD. The samples were well crystalline and exhibit orthorhombic structure. The phosphor Ca0.99SO4:Eu0.005Dy0.005 was found having highest TL intensity. The phosphor was annealed at different temperatures. All the TL glow curves have one prominent peak at 420K. TL intensity for this peak was found decreasing when the phosphor was annealed at a particular temperature for different durations.
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Lalronunga, Samuel, Lalkhawngaiha Sailo, Vanlalchhuanga, H. Lalmuanpuia, Isaac Zosangliana, Ngurthanmawia, Nicky Malsawmtluanga, et al. "Note on the clutch size and egg morphometry of Oligodon albocinctus and Hebius xenura (Reptilia: Serpentes: Colubridae)." Science Vision 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 37–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.01.06.
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Lalchhandama, Kholhring. "The (d)evolution of scientific temper in India." Science Vision 18, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 39–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.01.07.
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Jawaharlal Nehru was most instrumental in instilling scientific temper at the birth of modern India. In contrast, as Bharatiya Janata Party came into power in 2014, their top-down governance is explicitly trying to promote Vedic science. The Prime Minister boasted off of genetics in Mahabharata, and plastic surgery in the Vedas. The origin of Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle form the Vedas is the pride of the Home Minister. The Minister of Science and Technology contended that the Vedas contain better theory than E = mc2. There is increased veneration of cattle. A large-scale promotion of bovine urine and dung as medicine, called cowpathy or, as they embrace it, panchagavya is on the rise. To that effect, gold was discovered in the urine of Gir cows, but really to no effect. Their cows breathe in and out oxygen, and peafowl are confirmed celibates. The Minister of State for Human Resources Development ridiculed evolutionary biology proclaiming that Darwin’s theory is scientifically flawed. We, the people of India, deserve better wisdom. As Nehru would have put it, “a baseless dogma or a hopeless aspiration” of this sort will never elate India, or any nation for that matter, to scientific progression, not to say economic and social developments.
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Lalchhandama, K. "The saga of scrub typhus with a note on the outbreaks in Mizoram." Science Vision 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.02.01.
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Scrub typhus is one the most important re-emerging infectious disease, and perhaps, the most important bacterial disease. Caused by Orientia tsutsugamushi, it is transmitted through the bite of mites belonging to the genus Leptotrombidium, in which the bacteria are obligate parasites. Though the mites are natural ectoparasites of rodents and other animals, in which there is no disease, opportunistic infection to humans gives rise to a serious disease. Known to Japanese physicians as tsutsugamushi (insect disease), human infection is caused by the larvae of trombiculid mites, the fact established by Mataro Nagayo and co-workers established in 1917. The pathogen was discovered by Naosuke Hayashi in 1920. In Mizoram, the disease has been rampant since 2011. This paper summarises available data on the prevalence of the infection in different districts base on collective information from various sources. Records between 2012 and 2018 show that over a thousand people had been infected and 35 people had died of the disease.
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Chhangte, L. Z., P. C. Rohmingliana, B. K. Sahoo, B. K. Sapra, Vanramlawma, Hmingchungnunga, Remlalsiama, Z. Pachuau, and B. Zoliana. "Comparison of single and double entry twin cup dosimeter in measuring indoor radon and thoron concentration in Mizoram, India." Science Vision 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.02.02.
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Indoor radon and thoron concentrations have been measured using solid state nuclear track detector (LR-115 type-ІІ) based twin cup dosimeter with single and double entry deployed side by side. The measurements have been carried out in 50 dwellings of 8 different villages/towns situated in Saiha and Lawngtlai districts, Mizoram. Dwellings were selected primarily from the gamma level measured using Micro-R survey meter and the construction type of the building. The average concentrations of radon and thoron were found to be 75.76 Bq/m3 and 96.50 Bq/m3 for single entry dosimeter and 63.47 Bq/m3 and 19.79 Bq/m3 for double entry dosimeter. The single entry dosimeter was found to give more reliable observations than that of double entry in terms of trends of seasonal data and also on the theory behind the manufacturing qualities.
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Lalnunhruaitluangi, Amit Powdel, K. Vanlalzarliani, David Lalnunzira, Susankar Kushari, Suman Kumar, Saddique Tapadar, and Lalzikpuii Sailo. "Estimation of cholesterol in different edible oils found in Mizoram." Science Vision 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.02.03.
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The study was performed to investigate the quantity of cholesterol level in the commonly consumed fats and oils in Mizoram, and further assessed, whether or not it is of risk to coronary heart diseases (CHD). Samples collected include mustard oil (Vimal), butter (Amul), dalda (Vanaspati), ghee (Amul and Vanaspati), refined oil (Best Choice, Dhara, Nutrela, and Gokul), coconut oil (Parachute), olive oil and palm oil. Performing the experiment gives a result where palm oil was found to contain highest level i.e. 804.5 mg/L and coconut oil (Parachute) has the lowest i.e. 179 mg/L. Daily requirements of cholesterol is estimated to be approximately 300 mg per day and thus showing the tested samples to be safe for human consumptions but however limit use of edible oils is recommended for safety measures for high risk individual.
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Vanlalveni, C., and R. Lalfakzuala. "Effect of seasonal variation on soil enzymes activity and fertility of soil in paddy fields of North Vanlaiphai, Mizoram, India." Science Vision 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.02.04.
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For sustainability in agricultural productions, familiarity of soil quality and manual improvement to create the best possible growing environment for plants are extremely important. In this study the quality of soil of a paddy field in North Vanlaiphai was investigated with respect to the change in seasons throughout the year. A total of five (5) soil samples were selected from various places of the paddy field, and soil fertility indicators such as pH, total soil nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (Pav), exchangeable potassium (Kex), soil organic carbon (SOC), soil organic matter (SOM) and soil enzymes viz. dehydrogenase, phosphatase and urease were analyzed using standard protocols. All the parameters except available phosphorus and exchangeable potassium were found to be highest during rainy season whereas lowest in summer.
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Zoramthanga, R. "Estimation of current population mean using two-occasion successive sampling with one auxiliary variable." Science Vision 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.02.05.
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In this study, two-occasion successive sampling for ratio-to-regression estimator was used to determine the current estimate of the population mean using only the matched part and one auxiliary variable, which is available on both the occasions. The data used were based on the total number of female workers in villages in Mizoram with the total number of literate female in villages in Mizoram as an auxiliary variables. The data were gotten from Census of India 2001 and 2011. The optimum mean square error of the combined ratio-to-regression and ratio estimator has been compared with (i) the optimum mean square error of the chain-type ratio estimator (ii) mean per unit estimator and (iii) combined estimator when no auxiliary information is used at any occasion. This result showed that the combined ratio-to-regression and ratio estimator is more efficient than the other three existing estimators.
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Sailo, Lalawmawia, Lawmsangzuala Chhangte, Rochamliana Aineh, and H. Lalthanzara. "Sightings of chestnut-flanked white-eye Zosterops erythropleurus: First report from Mizoram, India." Science Vision 18, no. 2 (June 30, 2018): 78–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.02.06.
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In this paper we report the first confirmed sighting of chestnut-flanked white-eye Zosterops erythropleurus (Swinhoe, 1863) from Mizoram and first photographic report from India. chestnut-flanked white-eye belongs to the family Zosteropidae and is a resident of Cambodia, China, Hongkong, Korea, Democratic People’s Republic of Korea, Laos, Myanmar, Russia, Thailand and Vietnam. In the Indian Sub-continent this is the only sighting report for this species and details of sightings and habitat are discussed.
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Lalhriatpuia, C. "Photocatalytic degradation of methylene blue from aqueous solutions using nanopillars-TiO2 thin films: Batch reactor studies." Science Vision 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.03.01.
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Nanopillars-TiO2 thin films was obtained on a borosilicate glass substrate with (S1) and without (S2) polyethylene glycol as template. The photocatalytic behaviour of S1 and S2 thin films was assessed inthe degradation of methylene blue (MB) dye from aqueous solution under batch reactor operations. The thin films were characterized by the SEM, XRD, FTIR and AFM analytical methods. BET specific surface area and pore sizes were also obtained. The XRD data confirmed that the TiO2 particles are in its anatase mineral phase. The SEM and AFM images indicated the catalyst is composed with nanosized pillars of TiO2, evenly distributed on the surface of the substrate. The BET specific surface area and pore sizes of S1 and S2 catalyst were found to be 5.217 and 1.420 m2/g and 7.77 and 4.16 nm respectively. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was well studied at wide range of physico-chemical parameters. The effect of solution pH (pH 4.0 to 10.0) and MB initial concentration (1.0 to 10.0 mg/L) was extensively studied and the effect of several interfering ions, i.e., cadmium nitrate, copper sulfate, zinc chloride, sodium chloride, sodium nitrate, sodium nitrite, glycine, oxalic acid and EDTA in the photocatalytic degradation of MB was demonstrated. The maximum percent removal of MB was observed at pH 8.0 beyond which it started decreasing and a low initial concentration of the pollutant highly favoured the photocatalytic degradation using thin films and the presence of several interfering ions diminished the photocatalytic activity of thin films to some extent. The overall photocatalytic activity was in the order: S2 > S1 > UV. The photocatalytic degradation of MB was followed the pseudo-first-order rate kinetics. The mineralization of MB was studied with total organic carbon measurement using the TOC (total organic carbon) analysis.
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Lalmuanawmi, R., and Zothanpuia. "In vitro antioxidant and preliminary phytochemical screening of methanolic extract of Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Müll.Arg." Science Vision 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 92–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.03.02.
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Macaranga denticulata (Blume) Müll.Arg. (family Euphorbiaceae) is an evergreen tree and a common pioneer species in moist open and secondary forest. It is commonly known as Kharpa in Mizoram. Traditionally, the species of Macaranga are used in the treatment of swelling, cuts, sores, boils and bruises. Preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of in vitro antioxidant activity were carried out on the methanolic extract obtained from the bark of M. denticulata. The presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and triterpenoids was indicated by the tests conducted. The in vitro antioxidant activity was evaluated using 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity, reducing power and hydrogen peroxide radical scavenging activity. Ascorbic acid and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) were used as reference standards. The methanolic extract of the plant shows a strong antioxidant activity comparable to that of the reference standards.
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Lalthanpuii, P. B., Zarzokimi, and K. Lalchhandama. "Some pharmacognostic studies of the cogon grass Imperata cylindrica from Mizoram, India." Science Vision 18, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.03.03.
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Cogon grass Imperata cylindrica is a perennial grass belonging to the family Poaceae, and the rhizome-root portion of which is used for the treatment of bacterial infections, ringworms and other skin infections. Among the Mizo people they are directly consumed or juiced for the treatment of intestinal infection. Its chemical and biological properties are poorly documented. In this study, a methanol extract of the rhizome-root was prepared by hot extraction in a Soxhlet apparatus. Standard chemical tests were conducted. The presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates including reducing sugars, phytosterols, tannins, saponins and proteins were confirmed as the major bio-compounds. Free radical-scavenging activities were also determined. The plant extract indicated concentration-dependent scavenging activity on DPPH with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 2.14 µg/ml. H2O2 was similarly scavenged, in which the IC50 was 2.221 µg/ml. Our results suggest that I. cylindrica has important medicinal values.
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Lalremruati, C., C. Malsawmtluangi, and H. Lalhlenmawia. "Phytochemical screening and evaluation of antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of the spadix of Colocasia affinis Schott." Science Vision 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 104–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.04.01.
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The objective of this study was to determine the phytoconstituents present in successive extracts and the antidepressant activity of methanolic extract of the spadix of Colocasia affinis. The preliminary phytochemical investigation indicated the presence of fats and fixed oils, steroids and triterpenoids in petroleum ether extract, steroids and triterpenoids in chloroform extract, flavonoids and tannins in methanol extract and carbohydrates in the aqueous extract. An in vivo test for antidepressant activity was performed on the methanolic extract of the plant at two different doses using force swim test and tail suspension test on an experimental animal model (rat). Imipramine was used as a standard drug for the study. The methanolic extract at 200 and 400 mg/kg, produced significant reduction (p<0.001) in the immobility period when compared with that of control group animals in both the tests. Thus, the result indicates that the methanolic extract exhibited significantly good antidepressant activity. Further investigation may be needed to understand the actual mechanism of action.
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Rosangkima, G., Vanramliana, H. Lalthanzara, Lalringngheti, and H. C. Lalramnghaki. "Isolation and molecular characterization of ginger soft rot pathogenic fungi in Aizawl district of Mizoram, India." Science Vision 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 111–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.04.02.
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Ginger soft rot disease caused by fungal pathogens have become one of the most serious problems causing reduced production around the world. It has also caused a major problem among farmers of Mizoram state in India resulting in a huge decline in rhizome yield. However, the exact causative agents of this disease have not been identified in the state. Therefore, the present study was undertaken to isolate and characterized the causative agents of ginger soft rot disease from the diseased plants collected from five different villages of Aizawl district, Mizoram. Isolated fungi were cultured and morphological and molecular identification were done using internal transcribed spacer of rDNA. Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani and Plectosphaerella cucumerina were identified in ginger samples from five villages. Fusarium spp. were the most common and seem to be the major causative agents. It is suggested that further investigation is required to explore the diversity of ginger soft rot pathogenic fungi in the whole state which could be helpful in introducing effective and eco-friendly disease management programme.
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Lalthanpuii, P. B., Zarzokimi, and K. Lalchhandama. "Some phytochemical analyses of different extracts of the cogon grass Imperata cylindrica from Mizoram, India." Science Vision 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.04.03.
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Cogon grass, Imperata cylindrica (L.) Räuschel, was studied for its flavonoid and phenol contents. A series of extracts of the underground (rhizome-root) parts was prepared by hot extraction using solvents of different polarities such as chloroform, methanol, and petroleum ether. The total flavonoid content of the plant extracts was determined based on the reaction with aluminum chloride, sodium nitrite, and sodium hydroxide. Quercetin was used as a standard reference. Chloroform extract showed highest content of flavonoids with 30.88 mg QE/g dry wt., followed by petroleum ether extract which was 22.05 mg mg QE/g dry wt., and methanol extract has the least value with 7.35 mg QE/g dry wt. The total phenolic content of the plant was estimated based on the reaction of Folin-Ciocalteu reagent using gallic acid as the standard reference. Again, the chloroform extract had the highest content with 7.54 mg GAE/g dry wt., while methanol extract contained 5.03 mg GAE/g dry wt., and petroleum ether extract contained 3.63 mg mg GAE/g dry wt. Our study shows that I. cylindrica is a good source of antioxidants.
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Solo, Beihrosa, and Lalnuntluanga. "Diversity, distribution and conservation status of fish of the genus Garra (Cypriniformes: Cyprinidae) from the Kaladan drainage of Mizoram, northeastern India." Science Vision 18, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 125–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.18.04.04.
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The present study was carried out on the diversity of fish under the genus Garra from the Kaladan River and its tributaries of Mizoram, northeast India. The study reported the occurrence of seven species viz. Garra flavatra, G. cf. koladynensis, G. cf. matensis, G. nigricolis, G. rakhinica, G. manipurensis and G. khawbungi. Key to Garra species from Kaladan River drainage of Mizoram and their brief descriptions are given.
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Lalramnghinglova, H., Anil Pratap Singh, and P. C. Lalrintluanga. "Critical analysis on inclusion of environmental studies in the elementary, secondary and senior secondary schools in Mizoram, India." Science Vision 1, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.19.01.01.
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Education is a process of development which includes three major activities, namely teaching, training and instruction. Environmental education is a process to promote the awareness and understanding of the environment, its relationship with man and his activities. It is also aimed at developing responsible actions necessary for preservation, conservation and improvement of the environment and its components. It has been introduced as a regular course in formal school education system in India following the directive of the Supreme Court of India. The present study aims at critically analyzing curriculum of environmental studies at primary, secondary and senior secondary level. The detailed analysis was done on the basis interactions with important stakeholders. In our study, we found that there is scarcity of qualified teachers to teach Environmental studies at each level. During interactions it was found that teachers have several environmental knowledge gaps and misconceptions about important environmental issues like about acid rain, ozone layer depletion and greenhouse effect. Our survey indicates that teachers hardly practice innovative methods to teach environment education. Most commonly used method is lecture. Field visits, practical, study tour and demonstrations are missing in many schools. It was also found that course content is not incremental; there is very often repetition of the topics. At college level, there is a need to focus more on environmental education and upgrade the course components. There should be both pre-service and in-service training for teachers to infuse emerging issues in course content. Such training should equip teachers for collecting and using relevant teaching materials to impart emerging issues. A few suggestions and recommendations are given based on critical analysis.
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Zaman, Farha, and Devojit Bezbaruah. "Morphotectonic aspects in a part of Naga-Schuppen belt, Assam-Nagaland region, Northeast India." Science Vision 19, no. 1 (March 31, 2019): 6–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33493/scivis.19.01.02.
Full textAbstract:
The Belt of Schuppen is an important tectonic element of the Assam-Arakan basin. It is a narrow belt of thrust slices in southeastern boundary of the Assam valley. The Naga Schuppen Belt, consisting of eight or more imbricated thrusts, occurs between the Naga and Disang thrusts. This present study encompasses an area of 4,720 sq km along the Assam-Nagaland border. The Dikhow River, which is a seventh order basin, originates from Naga Hills flowing through a total length of 240 km in the Assam valley and reaches the Brahmaputra. In this study, the morphotectonic analysis of the Dikhow River was carried out to understand the role of active tectonics of the Naga Hills in Nazira-Naginimora areas of Assam and Nagaland respectively. The parameters such as asymmetric factor (AF), transverse topographic symmetric factor (T), and stream length gradient index (SL) were computed. Absolute AF values shows asymmetric to highly asymmetrical shape of the basins (range III-IV) which is also supported by T values. Anomalous SL values were obtained wherein major lineament and tectonic features are present. This indicates that the study area is tectonically active. Further, in the Assam valley it has been observed in the bank stratigraphy of Dikhow River that the Quaternary sediments are deformed. This deformation of the soft older alluvium indicates that the area is undergoing deformation during post Pliocene time. This evidence demands the morphotectonic evaluation of the aforesaid area to demarcate the tectonic activeness of the region in post Pliocene times.