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Journal articles on the topic 'Sclerocarya birrea Sclerocarya birrea Sclerocarya birrea'

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Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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1

Faraone, Immacolata, Daniela Russo, and Luigi Milella. "Comparison of health-promoting metabolite antioxidant effects in Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst extracts." Medicinal Plant Communications 3, no. 4 (2020): 68–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.37360/mpc.20.3.4.13.

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Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst (Anacardiaceae) is a savannah tree that has long been used in sub-Saharan Africa as a medicinal remedy for numerous ailments. The purpose of this study was to increase the scientific knowledge about this plant by evaluating the total content of polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins in the extracts of the root, leaves and bark, as well as their in vitro antioxidant activit. The chemical characterization was carried out by HPLC-MS/MS. Results reported the presence of glycoside flavonoids in Sclerocarya birrea leaves and procyanidins in roots and bark. The pres

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2

Gouwakinnou, Gerard Nounagnon, Achille Ephrem Assogbadjo, Anne Mette Lykke, and Brice Sinsin. "Phenotypic variations in fruits and selection potential in Sclerocarya birrea subsp. birrea." Scientia Horticulturae 129, no. 4 (2011): 777–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2011.05.041.

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3

Ndwandwe, Sithembiso L., Mutendela T. Olivier, and Sechene S. Gololo. "Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Flavonoid Derivative Compounds Isolated from Sclerocarya birrea Leaves." Asian Journal of Chemistry 33, no. 1 (2020): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2021.22909.

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Sclerocarya birrea is one of many medicinal plants used in African traditional medicine for treatment of diabetes. Bioassay-guided fractionation of the ethanolic crude extract of the leaves of the plant species led to the isolation of a pure compound (CMP-1). The pure compound showed antioxidant and antidiabetic activities with average IC50 values of 1.04 mg/mL and 46 μg/mL, respectively that were well comparable to the crude extract and known standards compounds, ascorbic acid and quercetin. The spectroscopic profiling of the purified compound revealed a flavonoid derivative structural skelet

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4

Bila, Jacob Miguel, and Iva Carla Nunes de Carvalho Vaz. "Potencialidades de Sclerocarya birrea em Chigubo província de Gaza, Moçambique." Pesquisa Florestal Brasileira 37, no. 90 (2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.4336/2017.pfb.37.90.1059.

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Este trabalho teve como objetivo inventariar a ocorrência de Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich) Hochst) no distrito de Chigubo, visando fornecer informação sobre seu potencial produtivo para exploração do óleo (canhu) pelas comunidades locais. Os dados de diâmetro à altura do peito (dap), altura total e comercial e os nomes das espécies foram levantados em dez conglomerados de quatro parcelas com 0,2 ha cada, estabelecidas aleatoriamente nas áreas, para determinar a estrutura horizontal da floresta, distribuição diamétrica e o volume de madeira por unidade da área. Posteriormente, foi determinada a q

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5

Holtzhausen, L. C., E. Swart, and R. Rensburg. "PROPAGATION OF THE MARULA (SCLEROCARYA BIRREA SUBSP. CAFFRA)." Acta Horticulturae, no. 275 (July 1990): 323–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1990.275.39.

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6

Zhang, Kexin, Ziqiang Chen, and Cuijing Liu. "The complete plastid genome of marula (Sclerocarya birrea)." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 4, no. 1 (2019): 1111–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1547142.

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7

M., Q. Seloana, W. Kruger J., J. Potgieter M., and J. Jordaan J. "Elephant damage to Sclerocarya birrea on different landscapes." International Journal of Biodiversity and Conservation 9, no. 4 (2017): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ijbc2015.0912.

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8

Msukwa, V. J., C. R. Y. Munthali, B. I. Nyoka, and E. Missanjo. "Phenology of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. Provenances." Emerging Science Journal 3, no. 1 (2019): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/esj-2019-01164.

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Phenology study was conducted to assess 22 genotypes of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst, collected from West, Eastern and Southern Africa. Assessments were done on time for bud onset, flower opening, leaf flush, fruit set, fruit maturity period and fruit production. Highly significant (P< 0.001) variations between provenances were obtained in all the phenological traits assessed including variations between sexes in time from flower bud set to anthesis. There was flowering overlaps and synchrony between provenances and sexes with males flowering earlier than females. So far two subpopu

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9

Muok, B. O., A. Matsumura, T. Ishii, and D. W. Odee. "Genetic diversity within Sclerocarya birrea populations in Kenya." Journal of Arid Environments 71, no. 1 (2007): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2006.11.007.

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10

Sinthumule, Ndidzulafhi Innocent, and Leonard Colbert Mbhoni Mzamani. "Communities and Conservation: Marula Trees (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) Under Communal Management at Matiyane Village, Limpopo Province, South Africa." Tropical Conservation Science 12 (January 2019): 194008291982896. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1940082919828969.

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Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra (Marula) is widely used throughout its natural distribution range by rural populations to meet livelihoods requirements. Every part of the tree, including the fruits, branches, stem and roots, provides goods and services of high cultural, social, and economic importance. Its usefulness and unique properties have encouraged local people to retain S. birrea in communal areas. However, there is a paucity of data quantifying the role of local communities in conserving S. birrea. This study quantifies the role of local communities in protecting S. birrea in 300 rand

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11

Elisha, J. J., A. A. Nuhu, E. B. Agbaji, and S. E. Abechi. "Determination of As, Cd, Cr and Co in some herbal medicines sold in the markets of Zaria using neutron activation analysis." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 11, no. 1 (2018): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v11i1.5.

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The levels of elements with genotoxic potentials; As, Cd, Cr and Co in herbal medicines obtained from stem barks of Boswellia serrata, Prosopis africana, Anogeissus leiocarpus and Sclerocarya birrea were determined by instrumental neutron activation analysis and compared to WHO/EU (2007) permissible values in herbal products. The results of standard material IAEA 1515 (apple leaves) were not significantly different from the certificate values. Arsenic in the samples ranged from ND to 0.037 mg/kg. The maximum value (0.037mg/kg) was obtained in Boswellia serrata which was ten times and two times

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12

Viljoen, A. M., G. P. P. Kamatou, and K. H. C. Başer. "Head-space volatiles of marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra)." South African Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (2008): 325–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2007.10.005.

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13

Helm, C. V., and E. T. F. Witkowski. "What don't we know about Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra?" South African Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (2008): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2008.01.145.

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14

Shagal, M. H., D. Kubmarawa, and W. A. Mshelia. "Production of medicated soap using Sclerocarya birrea plant extract." International Journal of Academic Research 5, no. 3 (2013): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.7813/2075-4124.2013/5-3/a.31.

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15

Msukwa, Violet J., Chimuleke R. Y. Munthali, Betserai I. Nyoka, et al. "Mating System among Provenances of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst." International Journal of Forestry Research 2019 (June 20, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8681238.

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Mating system of a species is critically important both genetically and ecologically in developing plans for breeding and gene conservation. This study was conducted to assess twenty provenances of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. planted in Malawi. The trial was assessed for mating system and sex ratio at eighteen years of age. The results revealed that the mating system in S. birrea occurred from selfing, insect, and wind-mediated pollination. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences on seed germination percentage among the three mating systems. The germination percentages were

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16

Haro, Hadou, Kadidia Semdé, Kadidiata Bahadio, and Kadidia B. Sanon. "Improved Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. growth by mycorrhizal inoculation." African Journal of Biological Sciences 3, no. 1 (2021): 104–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.33472/afjbs.3.1.2021.104-109.

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17

Gouwakinnou, Gerard N., Anne Lykke, Achille E. Assogbadjo, and Brice Sinsin. "Local knowledge, pattern and diversity of use of Sclerocarya birrea." Journal of Ethnobiology and Ethnomedicine 7, no. 1 (2011): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1746-4269-7-8.

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18

Gadd, Michelle E. "The impact of elephants on the marula tree Sclerocarya birrea." African Journal of Ecology 40, no. 4 (2002): 328–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2028.2002.00385.x.

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19

Elshafie, A. E., S. N. Al-Bahry, S. A. F. El-Nagerabi, and K. K. Al-Kindi. "New record of Ganoderma colossum associated with Sclerocarya birrea dieback." Australasian Plant Disease Notes 8, no. 1 (2013): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13314-013-0102-1.

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20

Ndhlala, A. R., A. Kasiyamhuru, C. Mupure, K. Chitindingu, M. A. Benhura, and M. Muchuweti. "Phenolic composition of Flacourtia indica, Opuntia megacantha and Sclerocarya birrea." Food Chemistry 103, no. 1 (2007): 82–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.06.066.

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21

Gutman, Feiga, Avinoam Nerd, Yosef Mizrahi, Dudy Bar-Zvi, and Dina Raveh. "Application of Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Markers for Identification of Marula Genotypes." HortScience 34, no. 7 (1999): 1256–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.34.7.1256.

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Twenty-four genotypes of marula (Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra) were characterized using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis. A distinct band pattern was obtained for each of the trees, using as few as four arbitrary 10-mer primers. Trees propagated vegetatively by grafting showed identical fingerprints. These results suggest that RAPD markers provide a useful system for documenting the identity of marula genotypes.

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22

Mai, Abigail John, Michael Emmanuel, Patrick Ayim, and Mohammed Bello Magaji. "Evaluation of Antibacterial Activities and Cytotoxicity of Sclerocarya birrea Stem Bark." OALib 06, no. 09 (2019): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1105706.

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23

Moatshe, O. G., V. E. Emongor, and O. Oagile. "CHEMICAL THINNING OF MORULA (SCLEROCARYA BIRREA SUBSPECIES CAFFRA) FRUIT USING BENZYLADENINE." Acta Horticulturae, no. 911 (October 2011): 395–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2011.911.46.

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24

von Teichman, Irmgard, J. G. C. Small, and P. J. Robbertse. "A preliminary study on the germination of Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra." South African Journal of Botany 52, no. 2 (1986): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0254-6299(16)31579-4.

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25

Mariod, Abdalbasit A., Bertrand Matthäus, and Ismail H. Hussein. "Antioxidant properties of methanolic extracts from different parts of Sclerocarya birrea." International Journal of Food Science & Technology 43, no. 5 (2008): 921–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2007.01543.x.

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26

Ibrahim, J. S., H. M. Adamu, and O. I. Shakede. "Antibacterial Activity of Marula [Sclerocarya Birrea] and Brominated Marula Seed Oil." Volume 5 - 2020, Issue 8 - August 5, no. 8 (2020): 1120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.38124/ijisrt20aug668.

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Over the last decade, the use of hand sanitizers has increased substantially. Recently, with this outbreak of COVID 19 virus, all natural hand sanitizers have taken the spotlight for their simplicity, powerful cleaning abilities, natural moisturizing formulas and the ability to never leave the skin feeling dry. Marula [Sclerocarya birrea] seed oil was soxhlet extracted with n-hexane and then brominated. The oil quality parameters of marula oil (MO) and brominated Marula oil (BMO) were found to be; for MO: oil content (58.5 ± 0.435 %), moisture content (4.3 ± 0.158 %), saponification value (180

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27

Da Costa Mousinho, Nuno M. H., Jacob J. van Tonder, and Vanessa Steenkamp. "In Vitro Anti-diabetic Activity of Sclerocarya Birrea and Ziziphus Mucronata." Natural Product Communications 8, no. 9 (2013): 1934578X1300800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1300800924.

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Type 2 diabetes mellitus is on the increase worldwide. Current treatments possess undesirable side-effects and therefore investigations into alternative remedies, which may be cost-effective and devoid of such side-effects, are on-going. Aqueous and methanol extracts of the bark of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro (Anacardiaceae) and Ziziphus mucronata Willd. subsp. mucronata (Rhamnaceae) were subjected to testing in order to assess their in vitro anti-diabetic activity. Total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity, as well as the effect on α-amylase,

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28

Scogings, Peter F., and An De Fortier. "Severe simulated herbivory constrains Sclerocarya birrea saplings regardless of resource availability." Austral Ecology 46, no. 3 (2020): 475–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/aec.12983.

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29

Soulama, Soungalo, Wendbénédo Bruno Kabore, Dasmané Bambara, Michel Bembamba, and Edmond Hien. "Évaluation de la qualité de composts à base de biomasses feuillées de deux espèces agroforestières à Cassou, Centre-Ouest, Burkina Faso." International Journal of Biological and Chemical Sciences 14, no. 9 (2021): 3297–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijbcs.v14i9.26.

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Albizia lebbeck (L.) Benth. and Gliricidia sepium (Jacq.) Kunth ex Walp. are species of the leguminosae group which are promoted in agroforestry. This study aimed at assessing the quality of leafy biomass composts of these two species in order to use them as green manure. For this, composts based on leafy biomasses of Albizia lebbeck and Gliricidia sepium have been characterized. The phytotoxicity tests of the composts was carried out using a germination test of Zea mays (L) and Arachis hypogaea (L). The effect of composts on the growth of Adansonia digitata L. and Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.)

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30

Makom Ndifossap, Ivonne Gisèle, Francesca Frigerio, Marina Casimir та ін. "Sclerocarya birrea (Anacardiaceae) stem-bark extract corrects glycaemia in diabetic rats and acts on β-cells by enhancing glucose-stimulated insulin secretion". Journal of Endocrinology 205, № 1 (2010): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1677/joe-09-0311.

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Sclerocarya birrea is a plant widely used as traditional medication for the treatment of diabetes in sub-Saharan regions. However, the mechanism of action is unknown and only hypoglycaemic effects of S. birrea extract (SBE) in diabetic rats have been reported to date. Here, we tested aqueous extracts of S. birrea on insulin-secreting INS-1E cells and isolated rat islets. Following 24 h of treatment at 5 μg/ml, the extract markedly potentiated glucose-stimulated insulin secretion. Neither basal insulin release nor non-nutrient stimulation was affected. The potentiation of the secretory response

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31

Jaenicke, H., and M. K. Thiong'o. "PRELIMINARY NUTRITIONAL ANALYSIS OF MARULA (SCLEROCARYA BIRREA) FRUITS FROM TWO KENYAN PROVENANCES." Acta Horticulturae, no. 531 (May 2000): 245–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2000.531.40.

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32

Msukwa, Violet, Chimuleke Munthali, Betserai Nyoka, et al. "Foliage pests of Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) in Malawi: susceptibility of different provenances." Agroforestry Systems 95, no. 2 (2021): 383–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10457-021-00592-z.

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33

Abdul, Gafar Victoir Coulidiaty, Noëla Hoho Youl Estelle, and Marceline Yaméogo Téné. "Sclerocarya birrea: Review of the pharmacology of its antidiabetic effects and toxicity." African Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology 15, no. 8 (2021): 164–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajpp2021.5251.

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34

Mkungunugwa, Tafadzwa, Shepherd Manhokwe, Armistice Chawafambira, and Munyaradzi Shumba. "Synthesis and Characterisation of Activated Carbon Obtained from Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Nutshell." Journal of Chemistry 2021 (May 10, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5552224.

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Globally, a ninth of people use polluted water sources because an estimated 300–400 Mt of waste and 90% of sewage are discharged into water bodies from industries and developing countries, respectively. The utilisation of indigenous fruit pits in producing novel adsorbents will greatly benefit in wastewater treatment. In most underdeveloped countries, activated carbon (AC) is imported at a high cost. The study was aimed at synthesising and characterisation of AC obtained from Marula nutshell. Carbonization of organic matter from Marula nutshell was carried out at 200°C, 400°C, 500°C, and 600°C

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35

DIAITÉ, Bakary, Mariama Dalanda DIALLO, Touroumgaye GOALBAYE, et al. "Effet de l’application de différentes doses de fertilisants organiques sur la croissance et le rendement de la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) en conditions semi-contrôlées." Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences 44.1 (April 30, 2020): 7553–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.35759/janmplsci.v44-1.2.

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L'objectif de cette étude est d’évaluer les effets de l'application de différents fertilisants organiques (fumier de vache, litières de Balanites aegyptiaca (L.) Del., Boscia senegalensis (Pers.) Lam. ex Poir. et Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst) sur les paramètres de croissance et de rendement de la variété F1 Mongal de la tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) en conditions semi-contrôlées. L’étude a été effectuée à la ferme agricole de l’Université Gaston Berger de Saint Louis au Nord du Sénégal entre avril et juin 2018. Le dispositif expérimental utilisé est en blocs aléatoires randomisés av

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36

Omotayo, Abiodun Olusola, Peter Tshepiso Ndhlovu, Seleke Christopher Tshwene, and Adeyemi Oladapo Aremu. "Utilization Pattern of Indigenous and Naturalized Plants among Some Selected Rural Households of North West Province, South Africa." Plants 9, no. 8 (2020): 953. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080953.

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Globally, a substantial proportion of existing indigenous and naturalized foods are often neglected thereby narrowing the food-base available to humans. The current study explored the use and contribution of indigenous and naturalized plants to the households’ food-pool among 12 communities in the North West Province of South Africa. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among 133 rural households across the 12 selected communities from the four district municipalities in North West Province, South Africa. We analyzed the utilization patterns for 31 selected indigenous and naturalized plants

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Victoria-Montesinos, Desirée, Maravillas Sánchez-Macarro, José Antonio Gabaldón-Hernández, et al. "Effect of Dietary Supplementation with a Natural Extract of Sclerocarya birrea on Glycemic Metabolism in Subjects with Prediabetes: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study." Nutrients 13, no. 6 (2021): 1948. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13061948.

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A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted with the primary objective of assessing the effect of a natural extract of Sclerocarya birrea on glucose metabolism in subjects with prediabetes. The duration of the study was 90 days. Thirty-three subjects assigned to the experimental group (daily ingestion of 100 mg of the nutraceutical product) and 34 assigned to the placebo group completed the study. There were 36 men and 31 women with a mean age of 32.3 ± 14.1 years. In the area under the curve (AUC) of the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), statistically significant decr

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Moyo, Mack, Manoj G. Kulkarni, Jeffrey F. Finnie, and Johannes Van Staden. "After-ripening, Light Conditions, and Cold Stratification Influence Germination of Marula [Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro] Seeds." HortScience 44, no. 1 (2009): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.44.1.119.

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Marula [Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst. subsp. caffra (Sond.) Kokwaro (Anacardiaceae)] is used in many African countries as a food crop and is also in demand for industrial purposes. The fruit pulp has high vitamin C levels and the nuts have a high protein and oil content. The fruit pulp is commercially used in the production of an alcoholic beverage (Amarula Cream) and the oil is gaining importance in the cosmetic industry. Although attempts are being made to domesticate this high-value indigenous tree, there is very limited information available on aspects of seed germination. Our stud

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Babarinde, SA, MO Petinrin, AD Adeleye, and BS Ajani. "Toxicity of Sclerocarya birrea and Azadirachta indica extracts against maize weevil Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) in storage." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 52, no. 4 (2017): 337–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v52i4.34822.

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Toxicity of Sclerocarya birrea A. Rich. (Anacardiaceae) leaf and bark and Azadirachta indica A. Juss (Meliaceae) leaf extracts against Sitophilus zeamais Motchulsky (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) was evaluated under the laboratory conditions (77±4% relative humidity and 27±3°C temperature). When extracted doses were compared, mortality was dose- and exposure period-dependent. At 1 DAT, A. indica leaf extract had significantly (p<0.05) higher mortality (12.50-15.00%) than that of S. birrea bark extract (5.00-15.50%). However at 5 DAT, when 0.45 ml/33 cm2 was applied, mortality was not significa

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40

Manzo, Lawaly Maman, Halima Diallo Bako, and Moussa Idrissa. "Phytochemical Screening and Antibacterial Activity of Stem Bark, Leaf and Root Extract of Sclerocarya birrea (A. Rich.) Hochst." International Journal of Enteric Pathogens 5, no. 4 (2017): 127–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ijep.2017.29.

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Background: Sclerocarya birrea is widely used in Nigerien communities for medicinal purposes to treat several gastrointestinal diseases including diarrhea. To lend credibility to its traditional use against diarrhea, laboratory studies were conducted. Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate the antibacterial activity and the phytochemical constituents of the crude extracts of root, bark and leaf of S. birrea. Materials and Methods: The collected different plant parts were air dried, powdered and separately extracted with ethanol and methanol. The alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin and tan

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41

Bationo-Kando, P., B. Sawadogo, Z. Kiebre, et al. "Productivity characteristics and development strategies of Sclerocarya birrea in Burkina Faso." African Crop Science Journal 24, no. 1 (2016): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/acsj.v24i1.3.

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42

Hillman, Zipi, Yosef Mizrahi, and Elie Beit-Yannai. "Evaluation of valuable nutrients in selected genotypes of marula (Sclerocarya birrea ssp. caffra)." Scientia Horticulturae 117, no. 4 (2008): 321–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scienta.2008.05.008.

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43

Komane, Baatile, Ilze Vermaak, Beverley Summers, and Alvaro Viljoen. "Safety and efficacy of Sclerocarya birrea (A.Rich.) Hochst (Marula) oil: A clinical perspective." Journal of Ethnopharmacology 176 (December 2015): 327–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2015.10.037.

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Moyo, M., J. F. Finnie, and J. Van Staden. "Microculture effects on leaf epidermis and root structure in Sclerocarya birrea subsp. caffra." South African Journal of Botany 78 (January 2012): 170–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2011.06.011.

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Enweremadu, C. C., and H. L. Rutto. "Performance Characteristics of Green Diesel from Marula (Sclerocarya birrea) Oil in Diesel Engine." Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy 10, no. 3 (2016): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jbmb.2016.1595.

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Mariod, Abdalbasit Adam, and Siddig Ibrahim Abdelwahab. "Sclerocarya birrea(Marula), An African Tree of Nutritional and Medicinal Uses: A Review." Food Reviews International 28, no. 4 (2012): 375–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/87559129.2012.660716.

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Cherotich, Sheillah, Japhet Muthamia, Jane Njuguna, et al. "Fungal microflora biodiversity of healthy and diseased Adansonia digitata and Sclerocarya birrea trees in Kenya." Topola, no. 206 (2020): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/topola2005005c.

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A study was conducted in Eastern Kenya to assess incidence and severity of Adansonia digitata and Sclerocarya birrea diseases under seasonal variations, and to assess associated fungal genera and their distribution. Asymptomatic and symptomatic tissues were sampled from 175 randomly selected trees. Isolations were done from leaves, twigs and bark following laboratory standard procedures. Samples were plated on Malt Extract Agar (MEA) and incubated at 25°C for 7 days. Fungal colonies were evaluated, and pure cultures were obtained using a single hypha. Fungal pathogens were identified based on

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Cádiz-Gurrea, María, Jesús Lozano-Sánchez, Álvaro Fernández-Ochoa, and Antonio Segura-Carretero. "Enhancing the Yield of Bioactive Compounds from Sclerocarya birrea Bark by Green Extraction Approaches." Molecules 24, no. 5 (2019): 966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050966.

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Sclerocarya birrea is a tree indigenous to Southern Africa with significant importance in rural livelihoods for food, medicine, and carving. The bark, which contains 10–20% tannin, provides several pharmacological benefits as an antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, anti-atherogenic, and antioxidant medication, among others. This study compared different extraction techniques used to recover bioactive compounds from marula bark. For this purpose, solid–liquid extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), and pressurized liquid extraction (PLE) were performed under selected condit

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Matemu, Athanasia, Durotoye Adeyemi, Hlengilizwe Nyoni, et al. "Fatty Acid Composition of Dried Fruits of Sclerocarya birrea, Diospyros blancoi and Landolphia kirkii." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 14, no. 11 (2017): 1401. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph14111401.

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., W. Mojeremane, and S. O. Tshwenyane . "The Resource Role of Morula (Sclerocarya birrea): A Multipurpose Indigenous Fruit Tree of Botswana." Journal of Biological Sciences 4, no. 6 (2004): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jbs.2004.771.775.

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