Journal articles: 'Sclerosing injection'

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Kerner, Jutta, and Ulrich Schultz-Ehrenburg. "Functional Meaning of Different Injection Levels in the Course of Sclerotherapy." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 4, no. 2 (June 1989): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026835558900400210.

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The successive changes of vein function in the course of sclerotherapy were studied by non-invasive photoplethysmography. The effect of injection at different levels was analysed in 30 patients, 22 with long saphenous varicosis, four with short saphenous varicosis and four with long saphenous varicosis and leg ulcers. The first two groups were treated by injections descending from the *crosse (saphenofemoral or saphenopo-pliteal junction) according to the method of Tournay. The third group (with leg ulcers) were treated by ascending injections, beginning adjacent to the ulcer and ending with crosse injection. Three case-reports are given, of one in each group, to show the typical changes of vein function in the different sclerosing methods. Crosse obliteration proved to be the most important step in improving vein function. It was followed by sclerosing of perforators of the lower leg, which influenced vein function in varying ways. Sclerosing remaining varicose dilations only optimized the cosmetic results without any measurable effect on vein function. According to our observations, failure to correct sapheno-femoral respectively sapheno-popliteal incompetence is inadequate treatment.

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Ademi Abdyli, Resmije, Yll Abdyli, Feriall Perjuci, Ali Gashi, Zana Agani, and Jehona Ahmedi. "Sclerotherapy of Intraoral Superficial Hemangioma." Case Reports in Dentistry 2016 (2016): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4320102.

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Hemangioma is the clinical term for a benign vascular neoplasm due to proliferation of the endothelial lining of blood vessels. Their most frequent location is the body skin and oral mucosa. One of the treatment modalities for hemangiomas is intralesional injection of sclerosing agents which cause the damage of blood vessels followed by their obliteration. The objective of the study was to describe the facility of application and evaluate the efficiency of sclerotherapy with aethoxysklerol 1%.Method. The case presented with intraoral submucosal hemangioma of the cheek was treated by intralesional injection of aethoxysklerol 3% diluted in water for injections at a 4 : 1 ratio (0.75%) at the first appointment and 3 : 1 (1%) at the second appointment. The effect of sclerotherapy was evaluated on the following visits in time intervals of two weeks.Results. The hemangioma disappeared without complications after the second injection of aethoxysklerol 1%. The successful results of the study were comparable to the data of literature with variations according to the used sclerosant agent, its concentration, the number of injections, and the intervals between each session.Conclusion. Since sclerotherapy is a very effective, inexpensive, and easy-to-apply treatment, it should be the treatment of choice, especially for intraoral superficial hemangiomas.

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Seccia, Antonio, and Marzia Salgarello. "Treatment of Angiomas with Sclerosing Injection of Hydroxypolyethoxydodecan." Angiology 42, no. 1 (January 1991): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000331979104200104.

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Hafner, F., H. Froehlich, T. Gary, and M. Brodmann. "Intra-arterial injection, a rare but serious complication of sclerotherapy." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 28, no. 2 (March 2013): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2011.011155.

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Intra-arterial injections represent the most feared complication of sclerotherapy for varicose veins. We present a case of an inadvertent intra-arterial injection of polidocanol at the left medial calf in a 59-year-old woman with subsequent arterial occlusions of the posterior tibial artery and foot arteries. Despite several therapeutic interventions, lower-limb amputation could not be prevented. We conducted a PubMed search for articles reporting arterial complications related to sclerotherapy, in order to evaluate aetiology, clinical presentation, therapeutic management and outcome of sclerotherapy-associated intra-arterial injections during the past 50 years. Intra-arterial injection of a sclerosing solution was reported in 63 cases, mostly after injection near the ankle region or the distal medial calf. Clinical presentation was frequently characterized by immediate pain during injection and distal ischaemia with subsequent tissue loss. Despite several treatment approaches, amputation could not be prevented in 31 cases (52.5%). The pathophysiology of arterial complications related to intra-arterial injection and advisable therapeutic interventions are discussed. Inadvertent intra-arterial injection represents a limb-threatening complication of sclerotherapy. Target-oriented and prompt therapy seems inevitable in order to reduce the risk of permanent tissue loss and amputation.

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Shan, Shi-Jun, and Ying Guo. "Exenatide-Induced Eosinophilic Sclerosing Lipogranuloma at the Injection Site." American Journal of Dermatopathology 36, no. 6 (June 2014): 510–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dad.0000000000000036.

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Choi, Jae Duck, and Eun Suk Lee. "Sclerosing Lipogranuloma by Subcutaneous Injection of Squalene into Penis." Korean Journal of Urology 48, no. 1 (2007): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.4111/kju.2007.48.1.107.

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Mann, Margaret W. "Sclerotherapy – How to Achieve a Spectacular Outcome." Phlebologie 49, no. 04 (July 9, 2020): 204–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1195-4262.

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AbstractWhen performed correctly, sclerotherapy results in fibrous occlusion that is not amenable to recanalization. Paramount to success is adequate contact time of a sclerosant to the endothelial cells to cause sufficient damage to the vein while minimizing side effects. To optimize sclerotherapy results, one needs to choose the right patient and the right vein and then use the proper sclerosing agent and injection techniques. This paper will review current literature on sclerotherapy, as well as tips and tricks to optimize outcome and minimize complications.

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Morgan, Peter, Wendy Monaghan, and Simon Richards. "A Systematic Review of Ultrasound-Guided and Non–Ultrasound-Guided Therapeutic Injections to Treat Morton's Neuroma." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 104, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 337–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/0003-0538-104.4.337.

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Background Morton's neuroma is a frequently painful condition of the forefoot, causing patients to seek medical care to alleviate symptoms. A plethora of therapeutic options is available, some of which include injection therapies. Researchers have investigated injection therapy for Morton's neuroma, and latterly the evidence base has been augmented with methods that use diagnostic ultrasound as a vehicle to deliver the injectate under image guidance for additional accuracy. To date, there seems to be no consensus that ultrasound-guided injections provide better therapeutic outcomes than nonguided injections for the treatment of Morton's neuroma. Methods A systematic review was chosen because this method can undertake such a process. The review process identified 13 key papers using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria, which then underwent methodological quality assessment using a pretested Quality Index. A narrative synthesis of the review findings is presented in light of the heterogeneity of the data from the extraction process. Results This systematic review provides an argument that ultrasound guidance can produce better short- and long-term pain relief for corticosteroid injections, can reduce the need for additional procedures in a series of sclerosing alcohol injections, can reduce the surgical referral rate, and can add efficacy to a single injection. Conclusions Ultrasound guidance should be considered for injection therapy in the management of Morton's neuroma.

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Thomas, Joel, Jonathan J. Lee, Timothy Patton, and Sonal Choudhary. "Facial Sclerosing Lipogranuloma After Self-Injection of Homemade Tissue Filler." Dermatologic Surgery 46, no. 5 (May 2020): 711–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/dss.0000000000001904.

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Tatemichi, M., H. Nagata, E. Sekizuka, T. Morishita, M. Miyairi, M. Tsuchiya, and H. Ishii. "Differences in hemostasis among sclerosing agents in endoscopic injection sclerotherapy." Digestive Diseases and Sciences 41, no. 3 (March 1996): 562–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02282342.

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Galla, Rekha. "Sternoclavicular Steroid Injection for Treatment of Pain in a Patient with Osteitis Condensans of the Clavicle." Pain Physician 6;12, no. 6;12 (December 14, 2009): 987–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2009/12/987.

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Osteitis condensans of the sternoclavicular joint was first described by Brower et al in 1974. It is a rare benign disorder primarily affecting women of child-bearing age. Persistent pain and swelling in the medial part of the clavicle are the most common presenting symptoms and may represent an inflammatory process in the joint among other proposed etiologies. Radiological findings include sclerosis of the medial part of the clavicle and a normal sternoclavicular joint. Diagnosis is usually confirmed by biopsy. Pain management can be challenging in these patients. Multiple treatments have been described in the past including oral NSAIDS, physical therapy, radiation, surgical resection, and oral corticosteroids but have met with limited success. This case report describes the novel utility of sternoclavicular joint steroid injections in treating a patient with Osteitis condensans of the clavicle after failed medical therapy. Based on our clinical experience, and given the limited clinical success of other reported conservative treatment measures, a sternoclavicular joint injection under fluoroscopic guidance using a local anesthetic-corticosteroid injectate should be considered as a viable treatment option for pain associated with Osteitis condensans of the clavicle. Key words: Osteitis condensans, sternoclavicular joint disorders, sclerosis of clavicle, shoulder pain, Osteitis condensans of clavicle, sclerosing osteitis

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Navarrete, Jorge, Raúl Cabrera, Christopher Barry Bunker, and Caroline Agorio. "Dermoscopy of penile sclerosing granuloma." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 3 (March 2021): e239846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-239846.

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Penile sclerosing granuloma is a foreign body reaction to the injection of material, usually for genital augmentation purposes. Patients commonly deny having had or performed these procedures on themselves, and diagnosis can be challenging. We describe the case of a 62-year-old man with a 10-year history of a growth on the penile shaft. Dermoscopic examination showed an orange background with shiny white structures, suggesting a granulomatous pathology. Guided biopsies confirmed a sclerosing lipogranuloma. The patient admitted to having self-injected motor oil. For the first time, we report the dermoscopic description of sclerosing granuloma, which will improve clinical diagnostic precision and guide biopsies. We also contribute the first description of a dermoscopic rainbow pattern in a granulomatous disorder; this could be due to a physical phenomenon called ‘dichroism’.

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Morrison, N. "Foam sclerotherapy." Phlebologie 37, no. 04 (2008): 211–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1622233.

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SummaryMethods to improve the efficacy of foam sclerotherapy might include: more vigorous agitation methods to produce more stable foam with smaller bubble size, increasing the volume and/or concentration of the sclerosing agent, use of an intravenous catheter, and leg elevation to evacuate as much blood as possible. Methods to improve the safety of foam sclerotherapy might include: use of an intravenous indwelling catheter; saphenofemoral junction occlusion; low foam volume; use of low silicon syringes; use of non airbased foam; avoidance of high concentration sclerosing agents in patients with duplicated femoral vein segments; leg elevation before or after injection of foam; and maintaining patient immobility after injection.A series of studies and exercises are described which call into question many methods proposed to limit the dispersal of injected foam. The use of non air-based foam may reduce the incidence of side effects.

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Hoque, Md Mozammel, Alauddin Ahmed, and Alak Nandy. "Injection Sclerotherapy with 5% Phenol in Almond Oil in the Treatment of Rectal Prolapse in Children: Our Experience." Chattagram Maa-O-Shishu Hospital Medical College Journal 16, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cmoshmcj.v16i1.34980.

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Background: Rectal prolapse is a relatively common condition in children. A wide variety of sclerosing agents have been used in the treatment of rectal prolapse in children. We have used 5 % phenol in almond oil in the treatment of rectal prolapse in our children. The aim of this study was to find out the outcome of injection sclerotherapy with 5% phenol in almond oil in the treatment of rectal prolapse in children.Methods: From May 2009 to December 2016 a total of 186 patients with rectal prolapse were treated by injection sclerotherapy with 5% phenol in almond oil. Of which males were 112 and females 74. Age ranged from 1.5 years to 7 years. Initial management included assessment and correction of predisposing factors. If the rectal prolapse persisted or if the prolapse required repeated reduction, injection sclerotherapy was performed. Number of injections, recurrences, and complications were reviewed.Results: Out of 186 patients recurrence occurred in 12 patients, cured after second injection in 10 patients and 2 children needs Thiersch’s stitch. Excessive oozing at the injection site was in 5 patients.Conclusion: Injection sclerotherapy with 5% phenol in almond oil is simple, safe and effective treatment of recurrent rectal prolapse after failure to conservative measures.Chatt Maa Shi Hosp Med Coll J; Vol.16 (1); Jan 2017; Page 19-21

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Saha, Amar Kumar, Shaikh Sayidul Haque, and KM Saiful Islam. "Effect of intralesional bleomycin as an alternative therapy for cystic hygroma." Bangladesh Medical Journal Khulna 46, no. 1-2 (March 5, 2014): 12–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v46i1-2.18233.

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Cystic hygroma is a congenital malformation of the lymphatic system. Surgical excision is the treatment of choice, but injection of a sclerosing agent into the cyst is an alternative procedure. The aim of this study was to review the efficacy of intralesional bleomycin injection in cystic hygroma. This study was carried out in a private clinic in Khulna over a period of 2 years on 7 patients. Bleomycin at a dosage of 0.4-0.6 mg/kg was injected into the cyst and repeated injection was given at an interval of 4-8 weeks. Clinical outcomes were reviewed and analyzed. Seven patients, 4 males and 3 females, aged between one month and 4 years were treated with intralesional bleomycin injections. Complete clinical resolution was obtained in 6 cases (86%). Mass reduction was noted in 1 (14%) patient. Adverse reactions including mild fever, local swelling, redness and pain at the site of injection occurred in 3 cases (43%). These reactions persisted for only a few days. Transient systemic side effect like vomiting noted in one patient. So intralesional bleomycin injection is a safe and effective alternative to the surgical treatment of cystic hygroma. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmjk.v46i1-2.18233 Bang Med J (Khulna) 2013; 46 : 12-15

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Aneja, Arun, Spero G. Karas, Paul S. Weinhold, Hessam M. Afshari, and Laurence E. Dahners. "Suture Plication, Thermal Shrinkage, and Sclerosing Agents." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 11 (November 2005): 1729–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546505275492.

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Background Shortening or tightening of dense, collagenous tissues is often desirable in the treatment of laxity. Purpose To compare the effect of stress-protection suture, radiofrequency thermal shrinkage combined with stress-protection suture, and a 5% sodium morrhuate sclerosing injection on the length and biomechanical strength of the rat patellar tendon. Hypothesis Sclerosing agents will increase tendon mechanical strength. Thermal shrinkage combined with stress-protection suture and stress-protection suture only will cause a short-term decrease in tendon strength. All 3 methods will produce equivalent shortening of the tendon. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Forty-six female retired breeder rats were split into 4 groups, each receiving 1 of the 3 aforementioned treatments plus a control group that received a saline injection. After 4 weeks’ survival, the length and biomechanical properties of the patellar tendons were measured and compared to the contralateral untreated tendon. Results Rats treated with stress-protection suture had shorter tendons. Radiofrequency thermal shrinkage combined with stress-protection suture yielded tendons that were both shorter and stronger than were the untreated contralateral tendons. The sodium morrhuate-injected tendons were stronger whereas the saline-treated tendons were weaker than were their respective untreated contralateral tendons. Conclusion Surgical stress-protection suture without radiofrequency shrinkage is most effective at shortening the length of the rat patellar tendon, whereas radiofrequency thermal shrinkage combined with stress-protection suture as well as sodium morrhuate are effective at increasing the strength of rat patellar tendons. Clinical Relevance Judicious use of thermal shrinkage in combination with stress protection may improve ligament strength and decrease laxity.

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Miyake1, R. K., J. T. King, R. Kikuchi, F. H. Duarte, J. R. P. Davidson, and C. Oba. "Role of injection pressure, flow and sclerosant viscosity in causing cutaneous ulceration during sclerotherapy." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 27, no. 8 (February 8, 2012): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2011.011076.

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The objective of the study is to evaluate the viscosity of popular sclerosants and their flow hydrodynamics through a syringe/needle to further discuss Miyake's old, venous-capillary reflux theory, using additional objective data. The following sclerosing agents were tested in the study: 75% dextrose (D75%); 50% dextrose (D50%); 5% ethanolamine oleate (Etha5%); 0.5% laureth-9 (Aet0.5%) and 0.1% sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS0.1%). Using 5 mL syringes and 27G needles, the resulting pressures and flows for each sclerosant agent were measured. To do this, a three-way stopcock was connected between the syringe and the needle so that an arm of the stopcock could be used to measure injection pressures with a digital monitor in 1 mmHg increments. Two trials were performed: in trial 1, the syringe was attached to a Samtronic 680 infusion pump and in trial 2, the solutions were injected manually. The observed sclerosant viscosities were as follows: D75%: 0.28 Poise; D50%: 0.12 Poise; Etha5%: 0.10 Poise; Aet0.5%: 0.07 Poise; and STS0.1%: 0.04 Poise. In trial 1 (constant flow), it was observed that D75%, which had the highest viscosity of the sclerosants tested, had the highest pressure readings. In trial 2 (constant pressure), the flow obtained with the D75% solution was lower than the flow of the other solutions. In conclusion, based on the rabbit study theory, vessel size and sclerosant viscosity and strength, not extravasation, play a role in causing ulceration from injection sclerotherapy. As a result, they all affect the potential of venous–capillary reflux being caused by sclerotherapy injection and, thus, the risk of postsclerotherapeutic cutaneous ulceration.

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Parsi, K. "Catheter-directed sclerotherapy." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 24, no. 3 (May 26, 2009): 98–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2009.009010.

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Background Catheter directed sclerotherapy (CDS) involves the use of a long catheter to deliver a sclerosing agent into a target vessel (saphenous trunks or venous malformations) under ultrasound guidance. Aims and Methods This article reviews the history, current techniques and devices and the evidence as it relates to these procedures. Results CDS was developed to increase the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy (UGS). With the advent of foam sclerosants and tumescent anaesthesia, the procedure has enjoyed a higher primary success rate. CDS has a better safety profile when compared with UGS with virtually no risk of intra-arterial injection or sclerosant extravasation. Compared with endovenous laser (EVLA) and radiofrequency ablation (RFA), CDS is a quicker procedure with less associated pain. Some balloon catheters, however, have been found to force the sclerosant down the perforators causing femoral vein occlusion. Based on the current level of evidence, no firm conclusion regarding the efficacy of CDS techniques can be drawn in comparison with EVLA or RFA, but the primary success rate is probably higher than the standard UGS. Conclusion CDS ensures a safe intraluminal delivery of the sclerosing agent into the trunk of the saphenous veins using a single access point. This procedure preceded EVLA and RFA, and remains a safe alternative for the treatment of saphenous incompetence and venous malformations.

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Peterson, J. D., and M. P. Goldman. "An investigation on the influence of glycerin on sclerosant foam stability." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 26, no. 6 (March 17, 2011): 232–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2010.010028.

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Background Foam sclerotherapy is an increasingly popular modality in the treatment of varicose veins. Foam stability varies according to foam composition, volume and injection technique. Materials and methods A disposable plastic connector was used to create foam from 0.50% sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS) mixed with varying volumes of glycerin. As a measure of foam stability, the half liquid time was defined as the time required for half of the original volume of sclerosing solution to settle. Three recordings were determined for each of the three mixtures of sclerosant foam. Results The time for sclerosing solution to settle to half of its initial volume was found to be 89 seconds for 0.50% STS alone, 117.7 seconds with the addition of 0.1 mL of 72% glycerin, and 114.7 seconds with the addition of 0.2 mL of 72% glycerin. Conclusion The small volumes of glycerin added to STS prolonged the half liquid time of STS foam up to 35%. As glycerin alone is unable to be foamed with the double-syringe system technique there may be a point at which further addition of glycerin has a negative effect on the half-life of foam.

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Zhao, Ji-Hong, Yi-Fang Zhao, Xing-Ming Chen, Xiang Zheng, and Wen-Fen Zhang. "Histological Investigation of Veins and Venous Malformations after Injection of Sclerosing Agents." Asian Journal of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery 14, no. 4 (December 2002): 226–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0915-6992(02)80008-5.

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Dessily, M., F. Charara, E. Chelala, A. L. Donfut, and J. L. Alle. "Injection of a Sclerosing Agent as First Line Treatment in Anal Fissure." Acta Chirurgica Belgica 114, no. 4 (January 2014): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00015458.2014.11681023.

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Rabe, E., FX Breu, A. Cavezzi, P. Coleridge Smith, A. Frullini, JL Gillet, JJ Guex, et al. "European guidelines for sclerotherapy in chronic venous disorders." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 29, no. 6 (May 6, 2013): 338–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355513483280.

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Aim Sclerotherapy is the targeted chemical ablation of varicose veins by intravenous injection of a liquid or foamed sclerosing drug. The treated veins may be intradermal, subcutaneous, and/or transfascial as well as superficial and deep in venous malformations. The aim of this guideline is to give evidence-based recommendations for liquid and foam sclerotherapy. Methods This guideline was drafted on behalf of 23 European Phlebological Societies during a Guideline Conference on 7–10 May 2012 in Mainz. The conference was organized by the German Society of Phlebology. These guidelines review the present state of knowledge as reflected in published medical literature. The regulatory situation of sclerosant drugs differs from country to country but this has not been considered in this document. The recommendations of this guideline are graded according to the American College of Chest Physicians Task Force recommendations on Grading Strength of Recommendations and Quality of Evidence in Clinical Guidelines. Results This guideline focuses on the two sclerosing drugs which are licensed in the majority of the European countries, polidocanol and sodium tetradecyl sulphate. Other sclerosants are not discussed in detail. The guideline gives recommendations concerning indications, contraindications, side-effects, concentrations, volumes, technique and efficacy of liquid and foam sclerotherapy of varicose veins and venous malformations.

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Nakamura, Tsukasa, Isao Ebihara, Mitsumine Fukui, Toshimasa Takahashi, Yasuhiko Tomino, and Hikaru Koide. "Altered glomerular steady-state levels of tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA during nephrotic and sclerotic phases of puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis in rats." Clinical Science 84, no. 3 (March 1, 1993): 349–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0840349.

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1. We determined glomerular and medullary tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA levels in acute puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis on days 0, 8 and 20. 2. Tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA levels were increased fourfold in glomeruli and twofold in the medulla during the nephrotic stage of acute puromycin aminonucleoside nephrosis (day 8). 3. The high tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA levels in both glomeruli and the medulla were ameliorated significantly by methylprednisolone administration. 4. Focal glomerular sclerosis was induced in rats by injection of puromycin aminonucleoside on days 0, 27, 34 and 41 and by unilateral nephrectomy on day 22. 5. The percentage of sclerosing glomeruli was 16.6% on day 48 and had increased significantly to 72.8% on day 80. 6. During the sclerotic phase of puromycin amino-nucleoside nephrosis, glomerular tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA levels increased as glomerular sclerosis progressed. On day 80, glomerular tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA levels were 13-fold higher than levels in control rats. 7. These data suggest that glomerular tumour necrosis factor-α mRNA expression is associated with the development of puromycin aminonucleoside-induced glomerular sclerosis.

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Hyer, Christopher F., Lynette R. Mehl, Alan J. Block, and Robert B. Vancourt. "Treatment of Recalcitrant Intermetatarsal Neuroma With 4% Sclerosing Alcohol Injection: A Pilot Study." Journal of Foot and Ankle Surgery 44, no. 4 (July 2005): 287–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jfas.2005.04.010.

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Li, Zhongtao, Fan Li, and Lin Wang. "Sclerosing lipogranuloma presenting as movable masses induced by large doses of progesterone injection." Journal of Dermatology 45, no. 5 (December 14, 2017): e114-e115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1346-8138.14177.

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Hayashi, N., S. Sugimoto, Y. Miyazaki, T. Michiura, S. Fujita, K. Yamabe, S. Miyazaki, and M. Nagaoka. "Comparison between conventional and endoscopic injection in aluminum potassium tannic acid sclerosing therapy." International Journal of Colorectal Disease 31, no. 3 (June 3, 2015): 747–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00384-015-2241-7.

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Hachiro, Yoshikazu, Masao Kunimoto, Tatsuya Abe, Senichi Muraki, and Masanobu Kusano. "Strangulation of internal hemorrhoids complicating sclerosing therapy with injection of OC-108 (Zione)." International Journal of Colorectal Disease 22, no. 7 (February 9, 2006): 851–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00384-006-0100-2.

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Tsili, Athina C., Olga N. Xiropotamou, Michael Nomikos, and Maria I. Argyropoulou. "Silicone-induced Penile Sclerosing Lipogranuloma: Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings." Journal of Clinical Imaging Science 6 (January 28, 2016): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2156-7514.175084.

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Sclerosing lipogranuloma is a rare benign disease, representing a peculiar granulomatous reaction of fatty tissue. The majority of cases are secondary to injection of exogenous foreign bodies, such as silicone, paraffin, mineral, or vegetable oils. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first case of a silicone-induced penile lipogranuloma in a 52-year-old man evaluated with a multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocol, including diffusion-weighted imaging, magnetization transfer imaging, and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. MRI of the penis by combining both conventional and functional information represents an important imaging tool in the preoperative workup of silicone-induced penile lipogranuloma.

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Frullini, A., F. Felice, S. Burchielli, and R. Di Stefano. "High production of endothelin after foam sclerotherapy: a new pathogenetic hypothesis for neurological and visual disturbances after sclerotherapy." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 26, no. 5 (April 7, 2011): 203–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2010.010029.

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Background Visual and neurological disturbances have always been reported following liquid sclerotherapy (LS) for venous insufficiency. In 1993 Cabrera introduced foam sclerotherapy (FS) using a detergent sclerosant as Lauromacrogol 400 or sodium tetradecyl sulphate. Several authors have reported with FS an increased incidence of such transient visual disturbances and neurological complications. This has been associated with gas or air used to generate the sclerosing foam. The frequent association of the presence of a patent foramen ovale, a common condition in normal population, and such complications has led several authors to consider neurological and visual disturbances as paradoxical gas embolism. Objective We are introducing a new pathogenetic hypothesis for sclerotherapy complications. Medical literature shows evidence of a clear relationship among cerebral and retinal vasospasm, migraine and intimal irritation. We think that the irritating sclerosant agent may stimulate a significant release of vasoactive substances from the venous wall, specifically endothelin 1 (ET-1), the most powerful vasoconstricting agent. Method We have studied systemic ET-1 levels after LS and FS with Lauromacrogol 400 in a group of 13 rats at one and five minutes after injection. Results While ET-1 levels did not change significantly in control and in the LS group, a significant increase was detected after FS at one and five minutes. Conclusion We conclude that should the same results be found in patients treated using sclerosing foam (SF), ET-1 levels may closely correlate to the onset of visual or cerebral complications. Due to the bronchoconstrictor activity of ET-1, a relationship with post-treatment cough can be also postulated.

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Pannier, F., and E. Rabe. "Results from RCTs in Sclerotherapy: European Guidelines for Sclerotherapy in Chronic Venous Disorders*." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 29, no. 1_suppl (May 2014): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355514528133.

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Aim Sclerotherapy is the targeted chemical ablation of varicose veins by intravenous injection of a liquid or foamed sclerosing drug. The treated veins may be intradermal, subcutaneous, and/or transfascial as well as superficial and deep in venous malformations. The aim of this guideline is to give evidence-based recommendations for liquid and foam sclerotherapy. Methods This guideline was drafted on behalf of 23 European Phlebological Societies during a Guideline Conference on 7th–10th May 2012 in Mainz. The conference was organized by the German Society of Phlebology. Results This guideline focuses on the two sclerosing drugs which are licensed in the majority of the European countries, Polidocanol (POL) and Sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS). Other sclerosants are not discussed in detail. In this paper the results from recent RCTs in sclerotherapy are reviewed.

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Eshraghi, Hamoon, Aria Mahtabfar, and Mohammad H. Dastjerdi. "A Case of Peripheral Ulcerative Keratitis Associated with Autoimmune Hepatitis." Case Reports in Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3939413.

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Purpose. To describe a case of peripheral ulcerative keratitis in the setting of autoimmune hepatitis and possible overlap syndrome with primary sclerosing cholangitis. Case Report. A 48-year-old African American female with autoimmune hepatitis with possible overlap syndrome with primary sclerosing cholangitis presented with tearing, irritation, and injection of the left eye that was determined to be peripheral ulcerative keratitis. The patient was treated with topical and systemic steroids, immunosuppressant drugs (azathioprine and mycophenolate mofetil), a biologic (rituximab), and surgery (conjunctival resection), and the peripheral ulcerative keratitis epithelialized but ultimately led to corneal perforation. Conclusion. In this unique case, a patient with peripheral ulcerative keratitis who underwent treatment ultimately had a corneal perforation. This case may suggest a possible relationship between autoimmune hepatitis and peripheral ulcerative keratitis.

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Hachiro, Y., M. Kunimoto, T. Abe, and M. Kusano. "A New Sclerosing Therapy for Internal Hemorrhoids: Experience in 200 Cases with Zione Injection." Nippon Daicho Komonbyo Gakkai Zasshi 59, no. 6 (2006): 317–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3862/jcoloproctology.59.317.

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Avitall, Boaz, John W. Hare, Cynthia S. Wilheim, Patrick J. Tchou, Jasbir S. Sra, Mohammad R. Jazayerl, Paul J. Troup, and Masood Akhtar. "A new technique for AV nodal modification using perinodal injection of a sclerosing agent." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 17, no. 2 (February 1991): A174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(91)91663-y.

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Capodiferro, Dr Saverio, Prof Eugenio Maiorano, Dr Pasquale Sportelli, Dr Eliano Cascardi, Prof Anna Napoli, and Prof Gianfranco Favia. "DELAYED SCLEROSING GRANULOMATOUS REACTION TO HYALURONIC ACID REINFORCED WITH POLY-HYDROXY-ETHYL-METHACRYLATE INJECTION." Oral Surgery, Oral Medicine, Oral Pathology and Oral Radiology 128, no. 1 (July 2019): e70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oooo.2019.02.169.

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Malone, P. "Intracystic injection of OK-432: A new sclerosing therapy for cystic hygroma in children." Journal of Pediatric Surgery 23, no. 9 (September 1988): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3468(88)80253-7.

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Tatemichi, Masayuki, Hiroshi Nagata, Eiichi Sekizuka, Tetsuo Morishita, Akira Mizuki, and Hiromasa Ishii. "Is endoscopic paravascular injection of sclerosing agents reasonable in the control of GI bleeding?" Gastrointestinal Endoscopy 50, no. 4 (October 1999): 499–505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-5107(99)70072-6.

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Ogita, Dr S., T. Tsuto, K. Tokiwa, and T. Takahashi. "Intracystic injection of OK-432: A new sclerosing therapy for cystic hygroma in children." British Journal of Surgery 74, no. 8 (August 1987): 690–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800740812.

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Alfredson, Håkan, and Lars Öhberg. "Increased intratendinous vascularity in the early period after sclerosing injection treatment in Achilles tendinosis." Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy 14, no. 4 (March 15, 2006): 399–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00167-006-0720-7.

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Rabe, E., and F. Pannier. "Indications, contraindications and performance: European Guidelines for Sclerotherapy in Chronic Venous Disorders." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 29, no. 1_suppl (May 2014): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0268355514528127.

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Aim Sclerotherapy is the targeted chemical ablation of varicose veins by intravenous injection of a liquid or foamed sclerosing drug. The treated veins may be intradermal, subcutaneous, and/or transfascial as well as superficial and deep in venous malformations. The aim of this guideline is to give evidence-based recommendations for liquid and foam sclerotherapy. Methods This guideline was drafted on behalf of 23 European Phlebological Societies during a Guideline Conference on 7th – 10th May 2012 in Mainz. The conference was organized by the German Society of Phlebology. Results This guideline focuses on the two sclerosing drugs which are licensed in the majority of the European countries, Polidocanol (POL) and Sodium tetradecyl sulphate (STS). Other sclerosants are not discussed in detail. In this paper the recommendations concerning indications, contraindications, concentrations, volumes and technique of liquid and foam sclerotherapy of varicose veins and venous malformations are reviewed.

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Karimi, Ebrahim, Mehrdad Jafari, Keyvan Aghazadeh, Saeed Sohrabpour, and Fatemeh Tavakolnejad. "Treatment of Head and Neck Venous Malformations with Sodium Tetradecyl Sulfate." OTO Open 2, no. 3 (July 2018): 2473974X1879706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2473974x18797067.

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Objective The purpose of this study was to discuss the clinical outcomes and complications of treating venous malformations with sclerotherapy, with sodium tetradecyl sulfate as the sclerosing agent. Study Design Case series with planned data collection. Setting Amiralam Hospital—a referral otolaryngology–head and neck surgery hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Subjects and Methods A total of 345 patients with venous malformations were treated with sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate 3% (1 mL for every 1 cm3 of the lesion). The venous malformation location, treatments before the current sclerotherapy with sodium tetradecyl sulfate, the number of sclerotherapy sessions, and complications resulting from sclerotherapy were recorded. Follow-up assessments were done for a minimum of 1 year following the procedure. A favorable outcome was defined as a 50% decrease in the lesion size based on clinical and radiologic assessments. Results A total of 759 injection sessions were documented, ranging from 1 to 6 injections per patient (mean = 3.1). The follow-up duration ranged from 12 to 84 months (mean = 55 months). Based on clinical assessment, a 50% reduction of size was reported for 95.6% of the patients. According to the imaging before and after the procedures, a 50% reduction of size was seen among 67.3% of the patients. Conclusion The results of the study showed that the use of sodium tetradecyl sulfate as a sclerosing substance can effectively reduce the size of venous malformation lesions.

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Farrier, Adam James, and Jim Holland. "Seromadesis following total hip resurfacing by aspiration and injection of doxycycline." BMJ Case Reports 14, no. 4 (April 2021): e241523. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2020-241523.

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Here, we present an interesting case of seroma following hip resurfacing arthroplasty in a 69-year-old man. During the postoperative recovery, the patient made rapid progress and returned to intense activity within the 6-week period. He subsequently developed further right hip pain and swelling. On further examination and on ultrasound scan, a lateral thigh collection was noted. All inflammatory markers were within normal parameters; clinically, there was no evidence of active infection. On initial aspiration and washout, there was a large sterile haemoserous collection. The patient subsequently underwent further aspiration due to persistent collection. After this a revision procedure was performed in two stages with excision of the seroma cavity superficial to fascia lata. Methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus was grown on extended cultures which was treated successfully with antibiotics. After the second stage revision to total hip replacement, this cavity then recollected. A further trial of aspiration with injection of 200 mg doxycycline, a known sclerosing agent, was performed. The seroma resolved.

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Dagenais, Simon, Scott Haldeman, and James R. Wooley. "Intraligamentous injection of sclerosing solutions (prolotherapy) for spinal pain: a critical review of the literature." Spine Journal 5, no. 3 (May 2005): 310–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2004.09.011.

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Agrawal, Sapna, Bandana Koirala, Mamta Dali, and Sneha Shrestha. "Oral Mucocele: Various treatment modalities." Journal of Kathmandu Medical College 7, no. 3 (December 31, 2018): 110–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jkmc.v7i3.22680.

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Mucoceles are common lesions of the oral cavity that result from an alteration in the minor salivary glands due to mucus accumulation and are broadly classified into extravasation and retention types. Rapid appearance, specific location, history of trauma, bluish color, and consistency help in the diagnosis. There are various treatment modalities which include conventional surgical removal, laser ablation, cryosurgery, sclerotherapy, micro-marsupialization, and intralesional injection of sclerosing agent or corticosteroid. Intralesional corticosteroid therapy and micro-marsupialization, though widely accepted treatment choices, the complete regression may not always be assured holding the importance of case selection and regular follow-ups for timely recognition of recurrences. This report highlights on the management of mucocele of lower lip in a 12-year-old female treated with different modalities: intralesional injection of corticosteroid, micro- marsupialization and surgical approach.

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Meyer, E., D. E. Lubbe, and J. J. Fagan. "Alcohol sclerotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus related parotid lymphoepithelial cysts." Journal of Laryngology & Otology 123, no. 4 (July 1, 2008): 422–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022215108003149.

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AbstractObjective:The aim of the study was to determine the effectiveness of alcohol sclerotherapy in patients with human immunodeficiency virus related salivary gland disease.Study design:Prospective study investigating the effectiveness of alcohol as a sclerosing agent.Setting:Tertiary referral hospital.Patients:Eleven human immunodeficiency virus positive patients with benign lymphoepithelial cysts were included in the study, from July 2005 to September 2006.Interventions:Alcohol sclerotherapy was performed under local anaesthesia, with alcohol infiltrated into the benign lymphoepithelial cysts.Results:Alcohol injection sclerotherapy proved to be an effective, simple, cheap, ambulatory procedure for patients who did not qualify for antiretroviral treatment.

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Kitano, S., N. Koyanagi, Y. Iso, T. Iwanaga, H. Higashi, and K. Sugimachi. "Prospective randomized trial comparing two injection techniques for sclerosing oesophageal varices: Over-tube and free-hand." British Journal of Surgery 74, no. 7 (July 1987): 603–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800740721.

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Mohammed, Moawia Elbalal. "Endoscopic Sclerotherapy for Bleeding Oesophageal Varices: Experience in Gezira State, Sudan." Clinical Medicine. Gastroenterology 4 (January 2011): CGast.S7146. http://dx.doi.org/10.4137/cgast.s7146.

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Introduction Bleeding due to oesophageal varices is the most common cause of upper gastrointestinal tract haemorrhage in Gezira State, Central Sudan. Endoscopic injection sclerotherapy (EST) is a valuable therapeutic modality for the management of variceal bleeding. Other options for treatment such as variceal band ligation are either expensive or unavailable. Objectives A retrospective study to evaluate the outcome of (EST) in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices due to portal hypertension in Gezira State, the centre of a developing country, Sudan. Methods A total of 1073 patients, during 2001-2010, were carefully selected particularly those with bleeding oesophageal varices consequent to portal hypertension. EST was performed using a standard technique and ethanolamine oleate (5%) was utilized as sclerosing agent. Results There were 777 males (72.4%) and 296 females (27.6%) in a ratio of 2.6. The causes of portal hypertension were found to be schistosomal periportal fibrosis (PPF) in 1001 (93.3%) patients, liver cirrhosis in 60 (5.5%) mixed PPF and cirrhosis in seven (0.7%) and portal vein thrombosis in five (0.5%) patients. Full obliteration of varices required a mean of four sessions with a range of 2-6. In the present study 350 (32.6%) patients have been followed up until complete sclerosis of varices. Conclusion This study provides evidence that endoscopic injection sclerotherapy is an important component in the management of bleeding oesophageal varices caused by hypertension. It is a safe and effective procedure.

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Bittencourt, Agamenon Hülse, Daniela Vianna Dallanora, Nelson Rafael Bacega, and Vinicius Saul Cembranel. "Cerebrovascular ischemia following ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 17, no. 4 (October 18, 2018): 333–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1677-5449.004418.

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Abstract Cerebral ischemia is a very rare and harmful complication of ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy for treatment of varicose veins. This case describes a documented cerebrovascular ischemia in Broca’s area following ultrasound-guided foam sclerotherapy. Less than one hour after intravenous injection of 10 ml of sclerosing foam, an otherwise healthy woman experienced aphasia without any other signs of neurological changes. When she arrived home, a complete inability to talk was observed. The event was misdiagnosed by another doctor as an allergic reaction. Next morning she came to the office to report the allergic reaction, where an appropriate diagnosis was made. She recovered just two days after the injection, but signs of recent cerebral ischemia were seen in Broca’s area on magnetic resonance and transesophageal bubble study echocardiogram revealed a patent foramen ovale. Although rare, we must make great effort to prevent these events instead of treating them.

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Adovasio and Griselli. "Eine seltene Komplikation der aortoiliakalen Chirurgie: Blutung als Folge einer traumatischen Nierenzystenruptur." Vasa 32, no. 3 (August 1, 2003): 167–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0301-1526.32.3.167.

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The authors describe a clinical case of a retroperitoneal hemorrhage due to rupture of a voluminous renal cyst during a conventional open aortic surgery. Intraoperative trauma is to be considered the cause of bleeding. In most cases the clinical evolution of the patient is benign and conservative treatment is sufficient. Considering the incidence of renal cysts in patients ungergoing conventional aortic surgery, we want to emphasize this possible complication, that has only rarely been dealt with in the literature. We recommend evaluation of such patients in view of preoperative drainage of large cyst including injection of sclerosing agents.

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Navaneethan, Udayakumar, Dennisdhilak Lourdusamy, Norma Gutierrez, Xiang Zhu, John Vargo, and Mansour Parsi. "New approach to decrease post-ERCP adverse events in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis." Endoscopy International Open 05, no. 08 (August 2017): E710—E717. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-102398.

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Abstract Background and study aims Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is often performed in patients with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Our aim was to validate a treatment approach with the objective of decreasing ERCP related adverse events (AEs). Patients and methods All patients who had undergone ERCP for PSC during the period from 2002 – 2012 were identified (group I). This group had traditional ERCP (no bile aspiration prior to contrast injection with balloon dilation and stent placement for treatment of dominant strictures). To decrease ERCP-related AEs, we changed the ERCP approach in which bile aspiration was performed prior to contrast injection and balloon dilation alone was performed for treatment of dominant strictures. This was tested prospectively in all patients undergoing ERCP for PSC from 2012 – 2014 (group II). Results The risk of overall AEs and cholangitis was relatively less in group II compared with group I [(2.1 % vs. 10.3 %; P = .38) and (0 % vs. 4.4 %; P = .68)]. On bivariate analysis, change in ERCP approach was associated with decreased risk of post-procedure cholangitis (0 % vs. 10.2 %, P = .03) and overall AE (0 % vs. 18.6 %, P = .03). There were no AEs in 22/46 patients in group II who had bile aspiration with balloon dilation. On multivariate analysis, only biliary stent placement was associated with increased risk of AEs (OR 4.10 (1.32 – 12.71); P = .02) and cholangitis (OR 5.43, 1.38 – 21.38; P = .02) respectively. Conclusion Biliary aspiration and avoidance of stenting approach after dilation of strictures during ERCP in PSC patients appears to be associated with decreased risk of cholangitis and overall AEs. Future prospective randomized controlled trials are needed to validate our observation.

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Ferrés-Amat, Elvira, Jordi Prats-Armengol, Isabel Maura-Solivellas, Eduard Ferrés-Amat, Javier Mareque-Bueno, and Eduard Ferrés-Padró. "Gingival Bleeding of a High-Flow Mandibular Arteriovenous Malformation in a Child with 8-Year Follow-Up." Case Reports in Pediatrics 2015 (2015): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/745718.

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Intraosseous arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the head and neck region are uncommon. There are several types and they can have a wide range of clinical presentations. Depending on the blood flow through the AVM, the treatment may be challenging for the attending team and may lead to life-threatening hemorrhages. A clinical case report is presented. A 9-year-old girl, seen for gingival bleeding during oral hygiene, was found to have a high-flow AVM located within and around the mandible. Two-stage treatment consisted of intra-arterial embolization followed by intraoral injection of a sclerosing agent 8 weeks later. At the 8-year follow-up, imaging study showed no evidence of recurrent lesion inside or outside the bone. The final outcome is a correct occlusion with a symmetric facial result. This case shows that conservative treatment may be the first treatment option mostly in children. Arteriography and transcortical injection were enough to control the AVM.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Sclerosing injection'

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