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Journal articles on the topic 'SCOD reduction'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Mohd Sarif, S. F. Z., S. S. Alias, F. Muhammad Ridwan, K. S. Ku Salim, C. Z. A. Abidin, and U. F. Md. Ali. "Ozonation of return activated sludge for disintegration and solubilisation with synthesized titanium oxide as catalyst." E3S Web of Conferences 34 (2018): 02009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20183402009.

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Ozonation of activated sludge in the present of titanium dioxide (TiO2) as catalyst to enhance the production of hydroxyl radical was evaluated in comparison to the sole ozonation process. In this process, the catalytic ozontion showed improvement in increasing ozone consumption and improving activated sludge disintegration and solubilisation. The reduction of total suspended solid (TSS), volatile suspended solid (VSS) and soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) solubilisation was better in the catalytic ozonation system. Initial pH 7 of activated sludge was found best to disintegrate and solubi

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2

Ahn, Y. H., J. Y. Bae, S. M. Park, and K. S. Min. "Anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment of piggery waste." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 5-6 (2004): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0752.

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The performance of a novel high-rate anaerobic process, the anaerobic digestion elutriated phased treatment (ADEPT) process, for treating a slurry-type piggery waste (55 g COD/L and 37 g TS/L) was investigated. The ADEPT process consists of an acid elutriation slurry reactor for hydrolysis and acidification, followed by an upflow anaerobic sludge bed reactor for methanification. This process provides stable and high system performance with short HRT (7.4 d) and better effluent quality (2 g SCOD/L and 0.68 g VSS/L) due to the alkaline pH condition for hydrolysis/acidification phase, high refrac

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3

Zhang, Yuxuan, Panyue Zhang, Jianbin Guo, et al. "Sewage sludge solubilization by high-pressure homogenization." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 11 (2013): 2399–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.141.

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The behavior of sludge solubilization using high-pressure homogenization (HPH) treatment was examined by investigating the sludge solid reduction and organics solubilization. The sludge volatile suspended solids (VSS) decreased from 10.58 to 6.67 g/L for the sludge sample with a total solids content (TS) of 1.49% after HPH treatment at a homogenization pressure of 80 MPa with four homogenization cycles; total suspended solids (TSS) correspondingly decreased from 14.26 to 9.91 g/L. About 86.15% of the TSS reduction was attributed to the VSS reduction. The increase of homogenization pressure fro

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4

Xie, Min, Cong Huang, and Xiao Bo Liu. "Study on Excess Sludge Reduction in Quiescent Condition." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 2394–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2394.

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The cell dissolved effect of acid and alkali lysis on excess sludge, as well as the influence factors including pH, temperature, time and other factors were examined in this work. Under the optimal experimental conditions of pH=12, T=60°C, t=2h, the results showed that the contents of soluble protein, soluble total sugar, soluble chemical oxigen demand (SCOD) in the organic material dissolved out increased obviously. Therefore, the sludge reduction efficiency was remarkable.

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5

Li, Kexun, Yi Wang, Zhongpin Zhang, and Dongfang Liu. "Effects of oxidation reduction potential in the bypass micro-aerobic sludge zone on sludge reduction for a modified oxic–settling–anaerobic process." Water Science and Technology 69, no. 10 (2014): 2139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2014.135.

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Batch experiments were conducted to determine the effect of oxidation reduction potential (ORP) on sludge reduction in a bypass micro-aerobic sludge reduction system. The system was composed of a modified oxic–settling–anaerobic process with a sludge holding tank in the sludge recycle loop. The ORPs in the micro-aerobic tanks were set at approximately +350, −90, −150, −200 and −250 mV, by varying the length of aeration time for the tanks. The results show that lower ORP result in greater sludge volume reduction, and the sludge production was reduced by 60% at the lowest ORP. In addition, low O

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6

Hwang, I. S., K. S. Min, E. Choi, and Z. Yun. "Resource recovery and nitrogen removal from piggery waste using the combined anaerobic processes." Water Science and Technology 54, no. 8 (2006): 229–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.859.

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The combined ADEPT (Anaerobic Digestion Elutriated Phased Treatment)- SHARON (Single reactor system High Ammonium Removal Over Nitrite) – ANAMMOX (Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation) processes were operated for the purpose of resource recovery and nitrogen removal from slurry-type piggery waste. The ADEPT operated at acidogenic loading rates of 3.95 gSCOD/L-day, the SCOD elutriation rate and acid production rate were 5.3 gSCOD/L-day and 3.3 gVFAs(as COD)/L-day, respectively. VS reduction and SCOD reduction by hydrolysis were 13% and 0.19 gSCODprod./gVSfeeding, respectively. Also, the acid production

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7

Park, S. M., H. B. Jun, Y. J. Chung, and S. H. Lee. "Biological nitrogen removal using bio-sorbed internal organic carbon from piggery wastewater in a post-denitrification MLE process." Water Science and Technology 49, no. 5-6 (2004): 373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2004.0777.

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Nitrogen removal from a piggery wastewater was investigated in a post-denitrification modified Lüdzack Ettinger (PDMLE) process. Overall hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the PDMLE, consisting of contact/separator (C/S), nitrification, denitrification and re-aerobic bioreactor was 10 days. 60% of the influent SCOD was separated in the C/S by contacting the return sludge with the synthetic wastewater, however, only 10% of the influent SCOD was separated from the piggery wastewater. Biosorption capacities of the synthetic wastewater and piggery wastewater were 800 and 150 mg/g-MLSS, respectively

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8

Khalfbadam, Hassan Mohammadi, Ka Yu Cheng, Ranjan Sarukkalige, Ahmet S. Kayaalp, and Maneesha P. Ginige. "Assessing the suitability of sediment-type bioelectrochemical systems for organic matter removal from municipal wastewater: a column study." Water Science and Technology 74, no. 4 (2016): 974–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2016.263.

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This study examines the use of bioelectrochemical systems (BES) as an alternative to rock filters for polishing wastewater stabilisation ponds (WSPs) effluent, which often contains soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and suspended solids mainly as algal biomass. A filter type sediment BES configuration with graphite granules (as the surrogate for rocks in a rock filter) was examined. Three reactor columns were set up to examine three different treatments: (i) open-circuit without current generation; (ii) close-circuit – with current generation; and (iii) control reactor without electrode mat

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9

Yangin Gomec, C., and R. E. Speece. "The role of pH in the organic material solubilization of domestic sludge in anaerobic digestion." Water Science and Technology 48, no. 3 (2003): 143–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0185.

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The effect of pH on anaerobic solubilization of domestic primary sludge and activated sludge was investigated and compared. Anaerobic solubilization was carried out in continuously stirred anaerobic reactors at mesophilic temperature (35°C) and pH was fixed at 6.5 (pH-controlled). Many researches reported the serious effects of pH on the solubilization of organic materials. Thus, the aim of pH control in the reactors consisting of domestic primary and activated sludges, was the evaluation of retardation in hydrolysis/acidogenesis at low pH values. Since primary and activated sludges have diffe

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10

(Hans) van Leeuwen, J., Beril Akin, Samir Kumar Khanal, Shihwu Sung, David Grewell, and J. (Hans) van Leeuwen. "Ultrasound pre-treatment of waste activated sludge." Water Supply 6, no. 6 (2006): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.962.

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Waste activated sludge (WAS) is more difficult to digest than primary sludge due to rate limiting cell hydrolysis. High-power ultrasound can effectively disintegrate the bacterial cells and thus enhance the subsequent digestion. This research examines the effectiveness of ultrasound pretreatment on WAS disintegration at different specific energy inputs, ultrasonic densities and total solids (TS) contents. The results show that the cut diameter (d50) for WAS with 2% TS content declined nearly 6.5-fold at an ultrasonic density of 0.67 W/ml. For higher TS contents of 4 and 6%, higher densities of

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11

Dipankar, Raha, Kundu Pradyut, and Mukherjee Somnath. "Performance study of milk processing effluent treatment in a sequential batch reactor (SBR)." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 97, No. 9a, Sept 2020 (2020): 1385–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5656268.

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Junior Engineer (Civil), Irrigation and Waterways Department, Government of West Bengal, India Lecturer, Food Processing Technology, Mirmadan Mohanlal Government Polytechnic, Plassey, Kaliganj, Nadia-741 156, India Professor, Civil Engineering Department, Jadavpur University, Kolkata-700 032, India <em>E-mail:</em> dipankarraha.jal@gmail.com, kundupradyut@yahoo.co.in, mukherjeesomnath19@gmail.com <em>Manuscript received online 09 January 2020, accepted 25 June 2020</em> An investigation was done in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor (SBR) for examining feasibility of treatment for com

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12

Lu, Haowen, Ruihua Dai, Yan Liu, Anan Song, and Xiang Liu. "The effects of anaerobic fermentation on dehydrated sludge." Water Science and Technology 67, no. 11 (2013): 2630–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2013.189.

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Dehydrated sludge with two concentrations of total suspended solids (high: 50 g/L TSS; low: 20 g/L TSS) were studied for 20 d to investigate the effects of anaerobic fermentation on sludge properties. The results showed that the soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) of high-concentration sludge was 16.53 g/L, much higher than that from the low one. The SCOD/total nitrogen ratio of high-concentration sludge varied from 8 to 14.29 g/g, indicating that the sludge could serve as a carbon source for biological denitrification. High-concentration sludge showed a short-chain fatty acid yield of 11.29

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13

Gao, Yong-Qing, Yong-Zhen Peng, Jing-Yu Zhang, Jian-Long Wang, and Liu Ye. "Using excess sludge as carbon source for enhanced nitrogen removal and sludge reduction with hydrolysis technology." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 7 (2010): 1536–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.433.

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In order to improve the nitrogen removal efficiency and to achieve the sludge reduction in traditional wastewater treatment plants, a combined hydrolysis-anoxic-oxic (H-A-O) pilot-scaled reactor was used in this study to investigate the possibility and validity of using excess activated sludge (EAS) fermentation liquids to enhance the nitrogen removal. The results clearly showed that sludge acidification rate in fermentation reactor can reach to 43.2%. The percentages of acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the fermentation liquids were 68.4, 25.3 and 6.3%, respectively, while those

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14

Wang, Li, Chun Mei Li, Xiao Song Li, and Li Jie Wang. "Reduction Efficacy of Activated Sludge by Electrochemical Oxidation." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2255–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2255.

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As the electrochemical oxidation technology is an effective and reliable clean technology, in this study the electrochemical oxidation activated sludge process was developed, in which the electrolysis reactor with homocentric circle arrangement electrode was installed, with Ti/RuO2 being used as reticular plates. The results showed that the electrochemical oxidation can reduce activated sludge production substantially. The lysis efficiency of activated sludge achieved was 29.98% in the experiment under the optimal oxidation conditions as follows: pH=12, 60 min of intermittent electrolysis time

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15

Pampang, Harun, and Chandra Wahyu Purnomo. "Optimization of anaerobic filter reactor with zeolite immobilization media for dairy sludge waste treatment for biogas production." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2828, no. 1 (2024): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2828/1/012043.

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Abstract Sludge from the dairy industry’s wastewater treatment contains a high organic content and a strong odor. It is proposed to treat the sludge by an anaerobic digestion process using a continuous anaerobic filter reactor (AFR) equipped with media immobilization support and a combination of ORP and pH sensors. Three immobilized media were put into different AFRs. The process took place in a cylindrical reactor with a column height of 150 cm and diameter of 63 cm with a total volume of 30 L. The total period of the anaerobic digestion process took place 17 days after the batch process. Whe

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16

Joel, Tshuma, Maqhuzu Andile, Bhebhe Siboniwe, et al. "Beverage Effluent Treatment Technology." American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER) 5, no. 10 (2016): 01–09. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2551085.

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: A detailed beverage effluent treatment technology was developed in a period of 4 months, using samples from an operating beverage plant. The total number of samples collected were 1304. The volume of the sample collected hourly was 500ml for 4 hours to give a composite sample. The plant operated continuously for 6 days a week and had two-12 hour shifts a day. The technology consisted of four water treatment methods combined consecutively which were chemical, physical, biological and physical treatment methods. The aim of developing the technology was to reduce the sCOD, TSS and pH parameters

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17

Guo, Liang, Ming Min Lu, and Yan Zong. "The Optimal Conditions on Excess Sludge Hydrolysis and Reduction Using Multi-Enzyme." Advanced Materials Research 955-959 (June 2014): 2889–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.955-959.2889.

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A large quantity of excess sludge is produced during the sewage treatment process, which will cause serious environmental problem without being treated properly. In this paper, a new multi-enzyme was added in the excess sludge to enhance the sludge hydrolysis and reduction, and the treatment conditions of hydrolysis time, dosage, hydrolysis temperature with multi-enzymes was optimized in this study. The multi-enzymes could promote the solubilization of suspended sludge solids and the degradation of macromolecular organic matter. The effect of excess sludge digestion was enhanced significantly

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18

Athanasoulia, E., P. Melidis, and A. Aivasidis. "Anaerobic waste activated sludge co-digestion with olive mill wastewater." Water Science and Technology 65, no. 12 (2012): 2251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2012.139.

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Co-digestion of waste activated sludge (WAS) with agro-industrial organic wastewaters is a technology that is increasingly being applied in order to produce increased gas yield from the biomass. In this study, the effect of olive mill wastewater (OMW) on the performance of a cascade of two anaerobic continuous stirred tank (CSTR) reactors treating thickened WAS at mesophilic conditions was investigated. The objectives of this work were (a) to evaluate the use of OMW as a co-substrate to improve biogas production, (b) to determine the optimum hydraulic retention time that provides an optimised

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19

Cao, Ye Shi, and Chee Meng Ang. "Coupled UASB-activated sludge process for COD and nitrogen removals in municipal sewage treatment in warm climate." Water Science and Technology 60, no. 11 (2009): 2829–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.725.

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A laboratory-scale system consisting of an upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor followed by a modified Ludzack-Ettinger (MLE) activated sludge process was adopted to investigate COD and nitrogen removals in municipal sewage treatment in warm climate. The COD, SCOD, acetic acid (HAc), NH4+-N and PO43−-P conversions in the UASB reactor were investigated. A 35% reduction in volatile suspended solid (VSS) was achieved in the UASB process. The net methane (CH4) production was 0.06 l (g CODremoved)−1. Acids accumulation was not observed. In the MLE activated sludge process, nitrification w

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20

Khumalo, Siphesihle Mangena, Babatunde Femi Bakare, Sudesh Rathilal, and Emmanuel Kweinor Tetteh. "Characterization of South African Brewery Wastewater: Oxidation-Reduction Potential Variation." Water 14, no. 10 (2022): 1604. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14101604.

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Conventional wastewater treatment processes are challenged by the need to effectively reduce pollutant loads before disposal or reuse, as the composition and concentration of contaminants in brewery wastewater change with time. This results in the variation of the oxidation-reduction potential (ORP) of the affluent. Hence, the current study is aimed at the application of ORP as a real-time tool to monitor brewery wastewater quality. Other physicochemical parameters of the local brewery in South Africa investigated included temperature (T), pH, conductivity, turbidity, total chemical oxygen dem

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21

Heng, Gan Chin, Mohamed Hasnain Isa, and Ming Han Lim. "Effect of H2O2Oxidation/Alkaline Hydrolysis on Waste Activated Sludge Disintegration and Dewaterability." E3S Web of Conferences 65 (2018): 05021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20186505021.

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In the present study, the effect of hydrogen peroxide oxidation/alkaline hydrolysis was investigated on waste activated sludge (WAS), to enhance its disintegration and dewaterability. The effects of three operating parameters viz., pH, H2O2dose and reaction time, on the degree of WAS disintegration and dewaterability were assessed using response surface methodology. The optimum operating variables to achieve VSS removal 20%, CST reduction 20%, sCOD 6100 mg/L and EPS 455 mg/L were: pH 10.5, 1300 g H2O2/kg TS and 40 min reaction time. Results showed that WAS can be efficiently disintegrated and

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22

Cheng, Jiehong, Feng Kong, Jun Zhu, and Xiao Wu. "Characteristics of Oxidation-Reduction Potential, VFAs, SCOD, N, and P in an ATAD System Under Different Thermophilic Temperatures." Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology 175, no. 1 (2014): 166–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-014-1241-3.

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23

Zhu, Yongqiang, Shengqi Yang, and Min Zhu. "Application of a Mathematical Model for Sludge Reduction in Pharmaceutical Wastewater." Ingeniería e Investigación 42, no. 3 (2022): e92444. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.92444.

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Excess sludge treatment is indispensable in sewage treatment plants. This study aims to reduce the excess material from activated sludge and establish a mathematical model. Sludge dissolution rates were calculated by measuring the total chemical oxygen demand (TCOD) and the soluble COD (SCOD) with regard to water quality before and after pretreatment. Then, sludge reduction effects were obtained by means of the suspended solid (SS) changes. The major impact factors on sludge dissolution rates were evaluated, such as pH, temperature, potassium ferrate amount, and reaction time, among others. Th

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24

Mehari, Beraki Bahre, Sheng Chang, Youngseck Hong, and Han Chen. "Temperature-Phased Biological Hydrolysis and Thermal Hydrolysis Pretreatment for Anaerobic Digestion Performance Enhancement." Water 10, no. 12 (2018): 1812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121812.

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Thermal hydrolysis (TH) and biological hydrolysis (BH) are two main and growing anaerobic digestion pretreatment technologies. In this study, municipal wastewater sludge samples were collected from the Guelph Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) in Ontario, Canada. The effects of temperature on BH treatment, including BH at 42 °C (BH42), 42 °C followed by 55 °C (BH42+55), 55 °C followed by 42 °C (BH55+42), and 55 °C (BH55) were evaluated for anaerobic digestion performance enhancement and compared with TH treatment at 165 °C. The TH, BH42, BH42+55, BH55+42, and BH55 treatments caused the reductio

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25

Zhao, Y. X., J. Yin, H. L. Yu, N. Han, and F. J. Tian. "Observations on ozone treatment of excess sludge." Water Science and Technology 56, no. 9 (2007): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.710.

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This work experimentally studied the effects of ozonation treatment on waste sludge. During the treatment process, various parameters characterizing sludge were investigated. A substantial reduction in the volume of sludge and the release of intracellular and extracellular materials were observed. With the increase of ozone dose, the settleability and water content of sludge improved obviously, but the filterability of sludge deteriorated drastically. In addition, the evolution of particle size was evaluated, which proved the breakup of sludge flocs and cells. There existed a threshold of ozon

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Naeiji, Esfandiyar, Alireza Noorpoor, and Hossein Ghnavati. "Increasing Biomethane Production in MSW Anaerobic Digestion Process by Chemical and Thermal Pretreatment and Process Commercialization Evaluation." Fermentation 8, no. 9 (2022): 463. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8090463.

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One of the methods of municipal waste disposal and energy production is anaerobic digestion. This study investigates the effect of thermal and chemical pretreatment on the anaerobic digester’s biomethane production. The optimal condition was evaluated using RSM in two modes: maximum and minimum use of H2O2. The optimal state was obtained in the first case under 110.8 °C, 4.63% NaOH, 8% H2O2, and 111.9 °C, 4.47% NaOH, 2% H2O2 in the second case. Experimental results obtained 77%, 76.6% VS (volatile solid) reduction, and 89.1%, 88.7% SCOD (soluble chemical oxygen demand) reduction in the two opt

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27

Kaiser, Sandra K., and Richard R. Dague. "The Temperature-Phased Anaerobic Biofilter Process." Water Science and Technology 29, no. 9 (1994): 213–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1994.0483.

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The “temperature-phased anaerobic biofilter” or TPAB process (U.S. Patent pending), is a new high-rate anaerobic treatment system that includes a thermophilic (56°C) biofilter connected in series with a mesophilic (35°C) biofilter providing for two-temperature, two-phase treatment. Three TPAB systems of different thermophilic:mesophilic reactor size ratios were operated at system HRTs of 24 hrs, 36 hrs, and 48 hrs to characterize performance and to determine if an optimum size ratio exists between the thermophilic and mesophilic phases. The three TPAB systems achieved SCOD reductions in excess

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28

Awe, OW, R. Liu, and Y. Zhao. "Optimising biogas production through co-digestion of sewage sludge with food waste and FOG." Journal of Environment and Biotechnology Research 8, no. 3 (2019): 38–51. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3263661.

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This study focused on the assessment of co-digestion of sewage sludge (SS), food waste (FW) and fat, oil and grease (FOG) to optimise biogas production. A series of batch experiments were conducted under mesophilic conditions with different mixtures of SS, FW, and FOG to optimise the best mixing ratio. The performance of the reactors was assessed based on cumulative methane potential, volatile fatty acid (VFA) effects, ammonium (NH4+-N) effects, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), volatile solids (VS) and, total solids (TS) removal efficiency. The cumulative methane production of mono-diges

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Li, Hao, Lei Song, Baohong Han, et al. "Highly efficient enhancement of municipal sludge dewaterability using persulfate activation with nZVI/HA." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 7 (2019): 1309–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.126.

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Abstract This study presents a sulfate radical-based oxidation method for improving municipal sludge dewaterability by combining persulfate and nanoscale zero-valent iron supported on humic acid (nZVI/HA-PS). Sludge dewaterability using persulfate activation with nZVI/HA was assessed for specific resistance to filterability (SRF), time to filter (TTF), settling volume percentage (SV30) and water content (Wc). The influencing factors, such as mass ratios of nZVI to HA, initial pH, PS dosage and nZVI/HA nanocomposite dosage, were investigated. Experimental results indicated that the SRF reductio

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Ryznar-Luty, Agnieszka, Edmund Cibis, Małgorzata Krzywonos, and Tadeusz Miśkiewicz. "Efficiency of aerobic biodegradation of beet molasses vinasse under non-controlled pH: conditions for betaine removal / Efektywność tlenowej biodegradacji buraczanego wywaru melasowego przy nieregulowanym pH podłoża: określenie warunków usunięcia betainy." Archives of Environmental Protection 41, no. 1 (2015): 3–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2015-0001.

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Abstract The aim of the study was to establish such conditions that would provide high-efficiency aerobic biodegradation of beet molasses vinasse with a mixed culture of thermo- and mesophilic bacteria of the genus Bacillus in batch processes without controlling the pH of the medium. Particular consideration was given to the betaine removal (the main pollutant of vinasse), which accounted for as much as 37.6% of total organic carbon. Biodegradation was performed in a stirred tank reactor at 27-63°C with initial pH (pH0) of 6.5 and 8.0. Efficiency of biodegradation was expressed in terms of red

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31

Chen, Jiandong, Haijie Li, Ganfeng He, and Yongwei Gai. "Improvement of the Sludge Decomposition and Nutrients Release by a Treatment with Potassium Permanganate Combined with an Ultrasonic Process." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2463, no. 1 (2023): 012063. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2463/1/012063.

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Abstract Ultrasonic decomposition of sludge is a popular method for sludge treatment. Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) was added to promote the reduction of sludge and hydrolysis efficiency. The effect of ultrasonic treatment (ULT) combined with potassium permanganate (KMnO4) preprocessing on the disintegration of waste activated sludge (WS) was studied in this survey. The results indicated that the combined pretreatment of KMnO4 and ULT (150 W, 20 min) significantly improved the decomposition efficiency and nutrient release efficiency of sludge. The volatile suspended solids (VSS) were lessened

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32

Zhang, Xin, Guangming Li, Yijing Li, Yan Ma, Xiaomeng Han, and Xinyu Zhou. "Enhanced Sewage Sludge Disintegration and Nutrients Release by Catalytic Microbubbles Ozonation Using Sewage Sludge-Based Char as Catalyst." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (2023): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021641.

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Using microbubble ozonation (MO) technique to disintegrate sludge is a promising sludge treatment process. To enhance the lysis and reduction of sludge, the catalytic ozonation consisting of MO and sewage sludge derived char (SC) were combined. Total solids (TS), volatile solids (VS), total nitrogen and phosphate (TN and TP) were selected as main parameters for evaluating the treatment performance both in solids and supernatant. With the utilization of the catalytic MO, the ozone utilization and sludge reduction were largely improved. At a reaction time of 90 min, an ozone utilization efficien

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Zhang, Y., and D. G. Allen. "Strategies for minimizing deflocculation of biosolids due to oxygen disturbances." Water Science and Technology 55, no. 6 (2007): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2007.226.

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The objective of this paper is to identify deflocculation under short-term disturbances of dissolved oxygen (DO) in a continuous system, and to explore the strategies for minimizing the carry-over of biosolids. Sludge deflocculation was examined in four parallel sequencing batch reactors (SBRs) fed with primary treated effluents from a bleached kraft pulp and paper mill. Results show that the DO transients caused a reduction of soluble COD (SCOD) removal efficiency by 50–70%, increases in suspended solid (SS) concentration and turbidity by more than 100%. Under the DO disturbances, the ratio o

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Cao, Y., C. M. Ang, K. C. Chua, et al. "Enhanced biological phosphorus removal in the retrofitting from an anoxic selector to an anaerobic selector in a full-scale activated sludge process in Singapore." Water Science and Technology 59, no. 5 (2009): 857–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2009.025.

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This paper presents the investigation results of retrofitting an anoxic selector to an anaerobic selector through stepwise reduction of air supply in a full-scale activated sludge process with a focus on enhanced biological phosphorus removal (EBPR). The process experienced gradual shift from a Ludzack-Ettinger (LE) to an anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A2O) process and subsequently, an anaerobic-oxic (A/O) process. The major findings are: (i) the average influent-based PO43−-P release in the anaerobic selector compartment was 16.3 mg P l−1 and that in the secondary clarifier was 1.7 mg P l−1. 75% of t

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Zhang, Jin, Qing Hu, Jie Lu, and Shuang Lin. "Study on the effect of chitosan conditioning on sludge dewatering." Water Science and Technology 79, no. 3 (2019): 501–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.073.

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Abstract The difficulty of residual sludge dehydration is the major problem in sewage treatment. The reduction of moisture content in sludge can reduce the sludge volume significantly and is conducive to the subsequent disposal of sludge. As an organic polymer flocculant, chitosan (CTS) is widely used in water and waste water treatment. In this study, CTS was used in sludge treatment to improve the sedimentation and dehydration properties of sludge. When treated with CTS, the moisture content of sludge cake decreased from 85.9% to 83.0%, the SV30 decreased to about 1/2, and the sludge volume r

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Alrawashdeh, Khalideh Al bkoor, Eid Gul, Qing Yang, Haiping Yang, Pietro Bartocci, and Francesco Fantozzi. "Effect of Heavy Metals in the Performance of Anaerobic Digestion of Olive Mill Waste." Processes 8, no. 9 (2020): 1146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091146.

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This study presents an investigation on the effect of heavy metals on the production of biogas during the process of anaerobic digestion (AD) of olive mill waste (OMW). The poisonous effect and the inhibitory influence of Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cr on the digestion process are investigated and determined. Biomethanation potential tests are performed for this sake. Adding some of the heavy metals to the AD decreases the efficiency of biogas production and methane concentration and decreases the reduction in the VS, the TCOD, the SCOD, and the organic acid load. A critical increase in the total

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Kim, Hyunsoo, Xun Sun, Bonchan Koo, and Joon Yong Yoon. "Experimental Investigation of Sludge Treatment Using a Rotor-Stator Type Hydrodynamic Cavitation Reactor and an Ultrasonic Bath." Processes 7, no. 11 (2019): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr7110790.

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In the present work, the sludge treatment performance of a sludge treatment using a rotor-stator type hydrodynamic cavitation reactor (HCR) was investigated. To verify the performance, a comparison with an ultrasonic bath was conducted in four experimental cases using three assessment factors. The HCR consisted of a rotor and three covers with inserted dimples resulting in variation of the cross-sectional area in a flow. The experimental cases were established using the same energy consumption for each device. Disintegration performance was analyzed with assessment factors using particle size

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Al-Daas, Aseel, Md Zahangir Alam, and Azlin Suhaida Azmi. "ACIDIC-ENZYMATIC CO-TREATMENT OF FOOD WASTE FOR HIGH SUGAR RECOVERY AND BIOGAS PRODUCTION." Jurnal Teknologi 86, no. 2 (2024): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/jurnalteknologi.v86.19348.

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Food-waste (FW) has a high content of fermentable sugar which can be exploited to generate an alternative source of fuel that could replace fossil fuels. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is an approach to convert organic-waste into high-value products like biomethane and hydrogen. However, hydrolysis is deemed to be a rate-limiting process in the AD process, limiting biogas production. This study seeks to improve the hydrolysis process through pre-treating FW with chemical and biological treatments. We show that the enzymatic treatment substantially improved the hydrolyzation and solubilization of foo

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Biswabandhu, Chatterjee, and Mazumder Debabrata. "Performance evaluation of three-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) for stabilization of fruit and vegetable waste (FVW)." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 95, Jan 2018 (2018): 65–80. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5638388.

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Department of Civil Engineering, Environmental Engineering Cell, Indian Institute of Engineering Science and Technology (IIEST), Shibpur, Howrah-711 103, West Bengal, India <em>E</em>-<em>mail</em> : cbiswabandhu@yahoo.com, debabrata@civil.iiests.ac.in, dmazumder@hotmail.com <em>Manuscript received 16 June 2017, revised 15 November 2017, accepted 17 November 2017</em> Anaerobic Digestion (AD) can be considered as the most appropriate Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) technique, since it is capable of not only stabilizing a significant quanta of generated waste at once but also ensur

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Li, Xiyao, Yongzhen Peng, Yuelan He, Fangxu Jia, Shuying Wang, and Siyu Guo. "Applying low frequency ultrasound on different biological nitrogen activated sludge types: An analysis of particle size reduction, soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD) and ammonia release." International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation 112 (August 2016): 42–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ibiod.2016.04.025.

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Seo, G. T., T. S. Lee, B. H. Moon, K. S. Choi, and H. D. Lee. "Membrane separation activated sludge for residual organic removal in oil wastewater." Water Science and Technology 36, no. 12 (1997): 275–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1997.0457.

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A hybrid membrane separation activated sludge process was investigated for treatment of residual organic matter in oily wastewater from an automobile engine manufacturing plant. A bench scale experiment was conducted to identify the biodegradability of the residual organic matter in activated sludge reactors at various HRT (equal to SRT), such as 5, 10, 20, 30 days. Removal efficiency of higher than 90% was obtained in terms of SCOD at more than 10 day HRT showing the possibility of biological treatment. Ultrafiltration test was also carried out for the residual organics using cross-flow membr

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Kim, H. J., Y. G. Choi, G. D. Kim, S. H. Kim, and T. H. Chung. "Effect of enzymatic pretreatment on solubilization and volatile fatty acid production in fermentation of food waste." Water Science and Technology 52, no. 10-11 (2005): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2005.0678.

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Food waste can be a valuable carbon source in biological nutrient removal (BNR) systems because of the high C/N and C/P ratio. However, pretreatment is necessary to promote hydrolysis of food waste because of the high concentration of volatile solids associated with organic matter. The influence of the enzymatic pretreatment on acid fermentation of food waste was investigated in this study. Solubilization of particulate matter in food waste was carried out using commercial enzymes. The acidification efficiency and the volatile fatty acid (VFA) production potential of enzymatically pretreated f

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Ziagova, Maria G., Elena E. Tzekaki, Dimitrios I. Avgoulas, et al. "Sardine Processing Waste: Biological Treatment Strategies and Their Implications." Processes 12, no. 10 (2024): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12102160.

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This study explores sustainable methods for Sardine Processing Waste (SPW) valorization. Two approaches were investigated: (a) SPW microbial pretreatment adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Bacillus sp. in a two-stage anaerobic digestion (AD) for enzyme and biomethane production and (b) a single-stage AD without SPW pretreatment. Both S. cerevisiae and Bacillus sp. secreted proteases (0.66 and 0.58 U mL−1, respectively) and lipases (3.8 and 4.3 U mL−1, respectively) during hydrolysis, thus reducing viscosity (2.8 and 2.9 cP, respectively) compared with the untreated SPW (4.1 cP). Biomethane pro

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Morgada, Marcos N., Luciano A. Abriata, Chiara Cefaro, Karolina Gajda, Lucia Banci, and Alejandro J. Vila. "Loop recognition and copper-mediated disulfide reduction underpin metal site assembly of CuA in human cytochrome oxidase." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 38 (2015): 11771–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1505056112.

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Maturation of cytochrome oxidases is a complex process requiring assembly of several subunits and adequate uptake of the metal cofactors. Two orthologous Sco proteins (Sco1 and Sco2) are essential for the correct assembly of the dicopper CuA site in the human oxidase, but their function is not fully understood. Here, we report an in vitro biochemical study that shows that Sco1 is a metallochaperone that selectively transfers Cu(I) ions based on loop recognition, whereas Sco2 is a copper-dependent thiol reductase of the cysteine ligands in the oxidase. Copper binding to Sco2 is essential to eli

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Heng, Gan Chin, Mohamed Hasnain Isa, Serene Sow Mun Lock, and Choon Aun Ng. "Process Optimization of Waste Activated Sludge in Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production by Electrochemical Pre-Treatment Using Ruthenium Oxide Coated Titanium Electrodes." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (2021): 4874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094874.

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Anaerobic digestion (AD) appears to be a popular unit operation in wastewater treatment plant to treat waste activated sludge (WAS) and the produced methane gas can be harvested as renewable energy. However, WAS could inhibit hydrolysis stage during AD and hence pre-treatment is required to overcome the issue. This paper aimed to study the effect of electrochemical pre-treatment (EP) towards efficiency of AD using titanium coated with ruthenium oxide (Ti/RuO2) electrodes. The investigation has been carried out using in-house laboratory batch-scale mesophilic anaerobic digester, mixed under man

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Huang, Tianyin, Yefeng Zhu, Junjun Liu, et al. "Synergistic Ozone-Ultrasonication Pretreatment for Enhanced Algal Bioresource Recovery: Optimization and Detoxification." Water 17, no. 11 (2025): 1614. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17111614.

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Although algae possess a high capacity for carbon sequestration, the recalcitrant multilayered cell wall structure and residual microcystin toxicity associated with Microcystis aeruginosa significantly hinder the efficient recovery of algal biomass resources. This study developed a synergistic ozone-ultrasonication (O3-US) pretreatment strategy, systematically comparing its cell-disruption efficacy with standalone O3 or US, using harvested algal biomass from natural aquatic systems dominated by Microcystis aeruginosa. The synergistic effects revealed were: (1) O3-mediated oxidation of extracel

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Economidis, Charalampos. "The Social Accounting Matrix, the reduction of borrowing through the reduction of government consumption and its effect on the Greek economy." Social Cohesion and Development 13, no. 2 (2021): 139. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/scad.25847.

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The aim of this paper is to calculate the impact of the reduction or elimination of net borrowing on the Greek economy. The assumption made for this calculation is that a reduction of net borrowing leads to a reduction of government consumption. The effects on the Greek economy of reducing borrowing are calculated by using the Social Accounting Matrix. The results show that a reduction of borrowing must be replaced by a significant increase in production and the resulting reductions relate primarily to sectors in which the state has sizeable participation, such as education, health, security,

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Zhen, Xiaofei, Han Zhan, Ke Li, Ruonan Jiao, Lei Feng, and Tie Du. "Study on Anaerobic Digestion and the Treatment of Livestock and Poultry Waste Liquid by Nanoparticles and Antibiotics in the Context of Carbon Neutrality and Microbial Ecosystems." Agronomy 15, no. 1 (2025): 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy15010162.

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Livestock and poultry waste liquid contains a lot of nitrogen, phosphorus, and microorganisms, and direct discharge causes great harm to the environment. Chicken manure was selected as the research object, and nanoparticle nano-Fe2O3, nano-C60, antibiotics enrofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, and oxytetracycin were selected as additives to carry out medium-temperature sequential batch anaerobic digestion experiment. The experiment lasted for 55 days. The results showed that (1) gas production reached its peak in the first 1–2 days of a single stress experiment, and the cumulative gas production in

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Cheever, Allen W., Robert W. Poindexter, and Thomas A. Wynn. "Egg Laying Is Delayed but Worm Fecundity Is Normal in SCID Mice Infected with Schistosoma japonicum andS. mansoni with or without Recombinant Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Treatment." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 5 (1999): 2201–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.5.2201-2208.1999.

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ABSTRACT Mice with severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID mice) lack functional B and T cells. Egg laying by Schistosoma mansoniand S. japonicum was delayed in SCID mice, but in a matter of weeks worm fecundity was equivalent to that in intact mice. SCID mice formed smaller hepatic granulomas and showed less fibrosis than did intact mice. The reduction in egg-associated pathology in SCID mice correlated with marked reductions in interleukin-4 (IL-4), IL-5, IL-13, and gamma interferon mRNA expression in the liver. S. mansoni infections were frequently lethal for SCID mice infected for more than

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Vanišová, M., D. Burská, J. Křížová, et al. "Stable COX17 Downregulation Leads to Alterations in Mitochondrial Ultrastructure, Decreased Copper Content and Impaired Cytochrome c Oxidase Biogenesis in HEK293 Cells." Folia Biologica 65, no. 4 (2019): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14712/fb2019065040181.

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Cox17 is an assembly factor that participates in early cytochrome c oxidase (COX, CcO) assembly stages. Cox17 shuttles copper ions from the cytosol to the mitochondria and, together with Sco1 and Sco2, provides copper ions to the Cox1 and Cox2 mitochondrially encoded subunits. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Cox17 also modulates mitochondrial membrane architecture due to the interaction of Cox17 with proteins of the MICOS complex (mitochondrial contact site and cristae organizing system). There is currently no data regarding the impact of long-term Cox17 deficiency in human cells. Here, we presen

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