Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Scompenso cardiaco'
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RITROVATO, DANIELA. "Valutazione economica dello scompenso cardiaco in Italia." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/365536.
Full textThe research activity during the doctorate was focused on an evaluation of HTA for a new drug for the treatment of heart failure. A first pharmaco-economic analysis was conducted before being placed on the market to demonstrate its cost-effectiveness, using data from randomized clinical trials and national rates and is part of the work carried out during the first year of the doctorate. Two new analyzes were subsequently carried out, which aim to demonstrate how pharmaceutical technology, once placed on the market, is still cost-effective and what its impact on the budget of the National Health Service is. In this case, real life data were used as efficacy data and national tariff rates for costs. The budget impact analysis makes it possible to obtain estimates on the economic sustainability of health technologies. The analysis aims to evaluate the financial impact on the Italian National Health Service (NHS) linked to the use of sacubitril / valsartan as therapy for heart failure in NYHA class II and III patients with reduced ejection fraction (FE <35%). The model estimates the target patient pool for the next three years starting from 2021. The target pool is then divided among the therapeutic options currently available. The second health and economic evaluation was conducted with the aim of examining the cost-effectiveness profile of sacubitril / valsartan (in combination with standard therapy), in comparison to enalapril (in combination with standard therapy), in the treatment of chronic heart failure with reduced ejection fraction in Italy A Markov decision model was developed to predict the effects of the two treatment options in comparison, in patients with chronic heart failure and with reduced ejection fraction, in terms of mortality (cardiovascular and all-cause), hospitalizations and quality of life. The model was adapted using data referable to a cohort of patients, specific for the Italian context, obtained from real life studies and subsequently subjected to validation by clinical experts. Consistent with the chosen analysis perspective (SSN), the direct health costs attributable to hospitalizations, adverse events, medical visits and drug therapies were valued. Indirect costs were excluded from the evaluation Deterministic sensitivity analyzes were conducted to verify the robustness of the analysis and determine the impact of the variables on the final results.
MAKIL, ELHASSAN. "Progetto Multicentrico Italiano Sonno e Scompenso (ProMISeS-II): “Disturbi Respiratori Nel Sonno e Scompenso Cardiaco”." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/241151.
Full textBackground: sleep related breathing disorders (SRBD) are highly prevalent among congestive heart failure (CHF) patients, as indicated by the previously published ProMISeS-I study. Despite the well-known prognostic significance of SRBD in CHF patients, only few studies have performed a detailed characterization of different types of SRBD among these subjects. Aim: The aims of the present analysis, conducted in a large population of CHF patients were: 1) To explore the characteristics and prevalence of different SRBD, 2) To explore possible associations between SRBD (Outcome) and demografic, clinical characteristics (predictors). Materials and methods: A total of 830 CHF patients were consecutively enrolled in the frame of the multicentric ProMISeS-II project between february 2014 and february 2017. In all participants demographic and echocardiographic data were available for analyses. Cardio-respiratory polysomnography was performed and its results interpreted according to 2007 AASM recommendations. According to ventilatory patterns and considering an AHI ≥5 events/hour, subjects were classified into 5 different categories: 1) Prevalent Obstructive Sleep Apnea (pOSA OAHI/AHI > 0.5); 2) Prevalent Central Sleep Apnea (pCSA, CAHI/AHI > 0.5); 3) Prevalent hypopnea (pHY, HY/AHI > 0.5), 4) Mixed ventilatory pattern (pMIX) without a neat prevalence of any of the former patterns; and 5) Absence of ventilatory alterations during sleep (No SRBD, AHI < 5). The association between SRBD and their potential predictors was explored by means of generalized linear models (GLM). Results: The final cohort of the study consisted of 656 CHF patients, mostly men (n=578, 88%), mean age 65 ±11 years, median BMI 27.8 (25.2-31.1 IQR). Main identifiable causes of CHF were ischemic (56%), idiopatic (26%), other causes (11%), hypertensive (4%), and valvular (4%). An EF <40% was present in 81% of patients and atrial fibrillation was present in about 25%. The Median AHI was 21 [6 – 37.6 IQR] and the global prevalence of SRBD was 78%. Prevalence (RP) was also estimated for specific SRBDs: i) pOSA (14% n 93), ii) pCSA (23% n 153), iii) pHY (28% n 186) and v) pMIX (12% n 77). Of note, the relative prevalence of pHI (PR 1.59, 95%IC 1.17-2.17) and pCSA (PR 2.28, 95%IC 1.44-3.63) was significantly higher in men compared to women. No gender-related differences in the prevalence of pOSA nor in pMIX, were observed. In linear generalized models age was directly associated with the prevalence of all types SRBD but pOSA. In particular, each year increase in age was associated with a variable increase in the prevalence of SRBD ranging from 1% for pHI to 4% for pMIX. An unexpected result of our study regards the association of sedentarism (prevalence of 50% in our study population) with SRBDs. Compared to non-sedentary subjects, a lower relative prevalence of SRBDs was observed among sedentary subjects being 0.70 (95% IC 0.58-0.84) for pHI, 0.22 (95%IC 0.12-0.39) for pMIX, and 0.52 (95%IC 0.41-0.67) for pCSA. When evaluating the relationship between body weight and SRBDs, each unit increase in BMI was associated with a variable increase in the prevalence of SRBDs (ranging from 1% for pCSA to 4% for pMIX). Finally, the prevalence of pMIX (RP 1.37, 95%IC 1.06-1.78) and pCSA (RP 1.38, 95%IC 1.14-1.68) was significantly higher among patients with atrial fibrillation, and the prevalence of pCSA was higher (RP 1.41, 95% CI 1.09-1.82) among patients with an EF < 40%. Conclusions: the present analysis (ProMISeS-II study), conducted in a higher number of subjects (n=656) compared to the first report of the ProMISeS-I study (n=370), comfirms the extremely high prevalence of SRBD among CHF patients. In the present report SRBDs have been better characterized by identifying not only classical phenotypes such as pCSA e pOSA, but also assessing two additional categories namely pHI and mixed ventilatory patterns.
COCCHIERI, ANTONELLO. "Il self-care nei pazienti con scompenso cardiaco." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Roma "Tor Vergata", 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2108/209898.
Full textBELLARDITA, Lara. "Clinica psicologica e gestione integrata del paziente con scompenso cardiaco cronico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Bergamo, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10446/33.
Full textBORGOGNONI, Cinzia. "Ruolo delle disuguaglianze socio-economiche nella riospedalizzazione dovuta a scompenso cardiaco." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242098.
Full textBackground. Few reports describe the role of socioeconomic inequalities in cardiovascular disease among people of Latin Europe. Patients suffering from heart disease failure require Hospital care and frequent rehospitalization. The predicting factors for the readmission of congestive heart failure (CHF) involve both clinical and socioeconomic parameter. Italian health care may provide support to disadvantaged people so to minimize social deprivation effect. An investigation is carried out in a cardiology department to evaluate the relationship between clinic and socioenvironmental predictor of hospital readmission in patients with congestive heart failure Methods. Patients. 290 subjects consecutively admitted to a cardiology unit dedicated to CHF were assessed both for clinical and socioenvironmental variables. 210 patients (128 men, 82 women, average age 69 -/+ 14) were enclosed in the investigation on the basis of the informed consent, the follow up information and the availability of requested data. Procedure. Demographic (age, sex), clinic (CHF etiology, functional impairment according to New York Heart Association class, left ventricular ejection fraction, previous admission for CHF, lenght of hospital stay, comorbidity, drug treatment) and socioenviromental variables (occupation, financial resources, living at home, caregiver, case manager, follow-up visit ) were identified by the clinical records of patients charged and by the interview with patients or family carried out by trained nurses . Data Analysis. Descriptive analysis was performed on the obtained data on the basis of means and SD of parameters recorded by readmitted vs non readmitted patients. To compare the patients features univariate analysis was performed using t-test for continuous variables and the chi square test for discrete variables- A multiple logistic regression model was adopted to investigate the independent association between variables and readmission, assuming only the parameters significantly identified by the univariate analysis. Results Within 24 months after discharge 98.patients (46.%) were readmitted. Five variables were identified as significant independent predictors for readmission by multivariate logistic regression analysis. They included both clinical previous admission for CHF (OR 3,82; 95% Cl; 1,66-6,22), longer hospital stay (OR 3,9; 95% Cl; 3,4-6,8) hypertension (OR 2,2; 95% Cl; 1,1-3,8) and socioenvironmental factors poor follow-up visit (OR 5,12; 95% Cl; 2,1-12,4) , no occupation (OR 2,61; 95% Cl; 1.18-5,1) and case manager not available (OR 3,9, 95 %,Cl 3,4-6,3.). No predictive value was detected for all other variables, overall cardiac functional parameters financial resources and living alone. Conclusion. The independent predictors evaluated underline the importance of medical and socioenvironmental factors in the deterioration of CHF and the following hospital readmission. A significant role was detected for the case management and follow-up attendance so that the intervention aimed to decrease readmission should also targeted to support the nurse activity in all the hospitalized patients.
Miccoli, Corinne. "Il contributo della telemedicina per il monitoraggio dei pazienti con scompenso cardiaco." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021.
Find full textGraziosi, Maddalena <1979>. "La cardiomiopatia aritmogena come causa di scompenso cardiaco e trapianto di cuore." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6593/1/Graziosi_Maddalena_tesi.pdf.
Full textPurpose: Arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is predominantly known as a cause of sudden death in the young, whereas the relationship with heart failure (HF) has been scarcely investigated. We aimed this study to evaluate prevalence, incidence, pathophysiology and morphologic basis of ARVC leading to severe HF. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 64 patients with ARVC evaluated at a single referral centre. We compared the clinical and instrumental findings of ARVC patients with/without severe HF (NYHA III-IV) at first evaluation or during follow up. We analysed the explanted hearts of patients who underwent heart transplantation in two referral centre, Bologna and Padua University. Results: Severe HF was present in 9 patients at presentation (prevalence=14%) and occurred in 10 during follow up (incidence=2.3% person-years). Sixteen patients (23%) required heart transplantation. Patients with advanced HF were younger at symptom onset (46±16 versus 37±12 years, p=0.04); right ventricle (RV) was larger and more hypokinetic at echocardiography (RVOT 41±6 versus 37±7 mm, p=0.03; RV end diastolic diameter 38±11 versus 28±8 mm, p=0.0001; fractional shortening area 23%±7 versus 32%±11, p= 0.002). Left ventricle (LV) was slightly more dilated (75±29 ml/m2 versus 60±19, p= 0.0017) and globally hypokinetic (Ejection Fraction = 35%±14 versus 57%±12, p= 0.001). The hemodynamic profile of patients who underwent cardiac transplantation showed low cardiac index (1.8±0.2 l//min/m2) with nearly normal capillary wedge and pulmonary pressure (12±8 mmHg and 26±10 mmHg). A detailed histological analysis of 36 explanted hearts showed extensive fibro-fatty infiltration of the RV and isolated or confluent areas of LV fibrosis. Conclusions: In ARVC, HF can be the only symptom at presentation and leads to heart transplantation in a relevant subset of patients. Patients who develop advanced HF are younger, have more severe RV involvement associated with slight dilation and global hypokinesia of the LV, due to fibrotic infiltration.
Graziosi, Maddalena <1979>. "La cardiomiopatia aritmogena come causa di scompenso cardiaco e trapianto di cuore." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/6593/.
Full textPurpose: Arrythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC) is predominantly known as a cause of sudden death in the young, whereas the relationship with heart failure (HF) has been scarcely investigated. We aimed this study to evaluate prevalence, incidence, pathophysiology and morphologic basis of ARVC leading to severe HF. Methods: We retrospectively analysed 64 patients with ARVC evaluated at a single referral centre. We compared the clinical and instrumental findings of ARVC patients with/without severe HF (NYHA III-IV) at first evaluation or during follow up. We analysed the explanted hearts of patients who underwent heart transplantation in two referral centre, Bologna and Padua University. Results: Severe HF was present in 9 patients at presentation (prevalence=14%) and occurred in 10 during follow up (incidence=2.3% person-years). Sixteen patients (23%) required heart transplantation. Patients with advanced HF were younger at symptom onset (46±16 versus 37±12 years, p=0.04); right ventricle (RV) was larger and more hypokinetic at echocardiography (RVOT 41±6 versus 37±7 mm, p=0.03; RV end diastolic diameter 38±11 versus 28±8 mm, p=0.0001; fractional shortening area 23%±7 versus 32%±11, p= 0.002). Left ventricle (LV) was slightly more dilated (75±29 ml/m2 versus 60±19, p= 0.0017) and globally hypokinetic (Ejection Fraction = 35%±14 versus 57%±12, p= 0.001). The hemodynamic profile of patients who underwent cardiac transplantation showed low cardiac index (1.8±0.2 l//min/m2) with nearly normal capillary wedge and pulmonary pressure (12±8 mmHg and 26±10 mmHg). A detailed histological analysis of 36 explanted hearts showed extensive fibro-fatty infiltration of the RV and isolated or confluent areas of LV fibrosis. Conclusions: In ARVC, HF can be the only symptom at presentation and leads to heart transplantation in a relevant subset of patients. Patients who develop advanced HF are younger, have more severe RV involvement associated with slight dilation and global hypokinesia of the LV, due to fibrotic infiltration.
GIGLIO, ALESSIA MAFALDA. "Scompenso cardiaco avanzato. Nuove modalità di approccio diagnostico. Valutazione prognostica e gestione terapeutica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/37605.
Full textLombardo, Andrea. "Progettazione e implementazione di un'applicazione mobile per il monitoraggio di pazienti con scompenso cardiaco." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/20537/.
Full textSTENDARDO, Mariarita. "Specifici markers di infiammazione sistemica in pazienti con Scompenso cardiaco o Broncopneumopatia cronica ostruttiva." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389041.
Full textLonghi, Simone <1981>. "Lo scompenso cardiaco nella cardiomiopatia amiloidotica: uno studio emodinamico all'interno delle tre principali forme eziologiche." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7382/1/longhi_simone_tesi.pdf.
Full textIntroduction. In amyloidotic cardiomyopathy (AC), heart failure (HF) is one of the main clinical manifestations. However, a precise pathophysiological and prognostic characterization of HF in this condition is not available. We assessed the clinical and instrumental profile and outcome of patients with advanced HF (i.e. NYHA class III-IV) at the time of first evaluation in light-chain (AL), hereditary transthyretin-related (m-ATTR) and non-mutant transthyretin-related (wt-ATTR) AC. Methods. We analysed the 340 patients diagnosed with AC (145 AL, 119 m-ATTR, 76 wt-ATTR) at our Centre between 1990 and 2015. We evaluated clinical, ECG, echocardiographic and hemodynamic profiles as well as survival data of those with advanced HF at time of diagnosis. Results. 96 (28%) patients presented advanced HF at first evaluation (52 AL, 22 m-ATTR, 22 wt-ATTR). Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) ranged between 22 and 67% and was <50% in 54 patients (52%). Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and reduced cardiac index (CI) were documented in more than 70%. 45% of patients showed reduced LVEF with increased PCWP, while in about 1/3 of cases a normal LVEF and increased PCWP were present. 10 patients with HF at presentation had normal LVEF and PCWP. During follow-up 66 (27%) developed HF: 29 AL, 23 wt-ATTR, 14 m-ATTR with incidence rate of 6.2% person/years. Survival was reduced in patients with HF both in overall population and in three main subgroups. AL AC and reduced CI were independent predictors of mortality in patients in NYHA class III-IV at presentation. Conclusion. In 30% of AC patients, HF is one of main manifestation at first evaluation. The pathophysiological substrate of HF in these patients is systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction. Survival was reduced in AC patients with HF at presentation. AL etiology and CI were indipendent predictors of outcome.
Longhi, Simone <1981>. "Lo scompenso cardiaco nella cardiomiopatia amiloidotica: uno studio emodinamico all'interno delle tre principali forme eziologiche." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7382/.
Full textIntroduction. In amyloidotic cardiomyopathy (AC), heart failure (HF) is one of the main clinical manifestations. However, a precise pathophysiological and prognostic characterization of HF in this condition is not available. We assessed the clinical and instrumental profile and outcome of patients with advanced HF (i.e. NYHA class III-IV) at the time of first evaluation in light-chain (AL), hereditary transthyretin-related (m-ATTR) and non-mutant transthyretin-related (wt-ATTR) AC. Methods. We analysed the 340 patients diagnosed with AC (145 AL, 119 m-ATTR, 76 wt-ATTR) at our Centre between 1990 and 2015. We evaluated clinical, ECG, echocardiographic and hemodynamic profiles as well as survival data of those with advanced HF at time of diagnosis. Results. 96 (28%) patients presented advanced HF at first evaluation (52 AL, 22 m-ATTR, 22 wt-ATTR). Left ventricle ejection fraction (LVEF) ranged between 22 and 67% and was <50% in 54 patients (52%). Increased pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP) and reduced cardiac index (CI) were documented in more than 70%. 45% of patients showed reduced LVEF with increased PCWP, while in about 1/3 of cases a normal LVEF and increased PCWP were present. 10 patients with HF at presentation had normal LVEF and PCWP. During follow-up 66 (27%) developed HF: 29 AL, 23 wt-ATTR, 14 m-ATTR with incidence rate of 6.2% person/years. Survival was reduced in patients with HF both in overall population and in three main subgroups. AL AC and reduced CI were independent predictors of mortality in patients in NYHA class III-IV at presentation. Conclusion. In 30% of AC patients, HF is one of main manifestation at first evaluation. The pathophysiological substrate of HF in these patients is systolic and/or diastolic dysfunction. Survival was reduced in AC patients with HF at presentation. AL etiology and CI were indipendent predictors of outcome.
Cocco, Luca. "Analisi di nuovi indici di dissincronia da mappe cardiache 3D: un approccio innovativo imaging-based al problema clinico." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textINGUSCIO, MARTA. "“L’insulino resistenza come fattore prognostico, patogenetico e predittore dello scompenso cardiaco e delle malattie neurodegenerative nel paziente anziano”." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Pavia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11571/1203357.
Full textMALOBERTI, ALESSANDRO. "RUOLO DELL’ACIDO URICO NELLA CARDIOPATIA ISCHEMICA ACUTA: RISULTATI DALLA COORTE DEI PAZIENTI CON SINDROME CORONARICA ACUTA DELL’OSPEDALE NIGUARDA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/262315.
Full textBackground: Uric acid (UA) has been related to in-hospital mortality in ACS patients. Furthermore, it has been related to early relapse of non-fatal cardiovascular events and to intermediate outcome such as use of intra-aortic balloon pump, noninvasive ventilation, longer inward stay, bleeding but also clinical presentation with AF or heart failure. Aim of the study: principal aim of our study was to evaluate the role of UA as a possible determinants of in-hospital mortality (primary outcome) and in hospital complications (secondary outcomes). Secondary aim was to identify the best cut-off and to evaluate diagnostic performance of already used cut-off (the classic one of > 6 mg/dL in female and 7 mg/dL in males, and a recently described one with 5.26 mg/dL in females and 5.49 mg/dL in males). Methods: we analyze data of 563 patients admitted for ACS at the Cardiological Intensive Care Unit of the Niguarda Ca’ Granda Hospital. We consider as outcome in-hospital mortality, inward myocardial infarction, instent thrombosys, bleeding, stroke, clinical presentation with heart failure of AF, inotropes, intra-aortic balloon pump and non-invasive ventilation uses during hospital stay, three vessels coronaric involvement at the coronary angiogram and EF both at admission and at discharge. Results: mean age was 66.5 ± 12.3 years, 79.2% of the patients were males and 49.9% of the ACS were STEMI. With both cut-off hyperuricemic subjects were older, with more prominent cardiovascular risk factor and previous myocardial infarction. Furthermore, they more frequently died during hospital stay, they present more frequently heart failure and AF as clinical presentation, have more commonly three vessels disease and use more frequently intra-aortic balloon pump and non-invasive ventilation. Finally, also EF at admission and discharge were lower in hyperuricemic patients. At multivariate analysis UA was a significant determinants of primary and secondary outcomes (except for three vessels coronaric disease) in a model with age, gender, previous myocardial infarction, arterial hypertension, Charlson Comorbidity Index and creatinine as covariates. Both cut-off can significantly discriminate in-hospital mortality but with only fair results in term of Sensibility (Sn) and Specificity (Sp). Finally, we identify 6.35 mg/dL as the best cut-off for this specific population with an area under the curve of 0.772, Sn 70.3% and Sp 81.8%. Conclusions: in conclusion UA was an independent determinants of in-hospital mortality and of variables suggestive of worst clinical presentation (heart failure, AF and admission EF), in-hospital complications (intra-aortic balloon pump and non-invasive ventilation uses) and worst recovery (discharge EF). Further study with longitudinal evaluation of UA during ACS are needed in order to better clarify directionality of detected relationship.
Valenti, Viola. "Valutazione della stima della traiettoria dell'elettrodo in seno coronarico in pazienti sottoposti a terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/6992/.
Full textDi, Giacomo Susanna. "Valutazione dell'efficacia clinica della terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca con cateteri quadripolari mediante deep learning." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16311/.
Full textSantarelli, Giulia. "Predizione della risposta alla terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca attraverso un nuovo metodo basato sulla ricostruzione della traiettoria 3D dell'elettrodo di stimolazione nel seno coronarico." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.
Find full textLODRINI, ALESSANDRA MARIA. "Cellular senescence and failure in human and animal cardiac myocytes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/301783.
Full textDuring my PhD I was involved mainly in two research projects aimed to study myocardial dysfunction induced by aging or chemotherapy. The first study aimed to reproduce and characterize mechanisms involved in aging using cardiomyocytes (CMs) from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), and to test cardioprotective therapies, like cardiac progenitor cell (CPC)-derived exosomes (Exo). Aging of the heart involves adverse remodeling in CMs which results in heart failure with incidence that increases with age. Interestingly, till now we lacked a human model of cardiac aging. We reprogrammed CPCs into hiPSCs and subsequently differentiated in hiPSC-derived CMs. A senescence-like phenotype (SenCMs) was induced by short exposure (3 hours) to doxorubicin (Dox) at sub-lethal concentration (0.2 µM). 24h following DOX treatment, SenCMs were exposed to Exo (~2·103 particles/cell) collected from culture media of CPCs by ultracentrifugation. Dox treatment induced senescence, as confirmed by activation of p21 and increased SA-β-gal positivity compared to control CMs (cCMs). Biochemical analysis revealed presence of oxidative stress and a depolarized mitochondrial membrane potential due to the treatment, which resulted in decreased ATP production by mitochondria. SenCMs also showed impaired calcium handling and prolonged QTc vs. cCMs due to upregulation of INaL. These effects were mitigated by exposure to Exo. Overall, SenCMs recapitulate the phenotype of aged CMs in terms of senescence markers and electrical and metabolic properties. Additionally, exposure to CPC-derived Exo limited age-related cardiac anomalies. The second study aimed to study the cardiac dysfunction dependent on the combined administration of Dox and trastuzumab (Trz) through evaluation of cardiac performance, T-tubule organization, and electrophysiological changes in cardiac myocytes from an in-vivo rat model. Combined treatment with Dox and Trz in patients with HER2-positive cancer is limited by cardiotoxicity, as manifested by contractile dysfunction and arrhythmia. The respective roles of the two agents in the cardiotoxicity of the combined therapy are incompletely understood. Adult rats received 6 doses of either Dox or Trz, or the two agents sequentially. Dox-mediated left ventricular (LV) dysfunction was aggravated by Trz administration. Dox treatment, but not Trz, induced T-tubule disarray. Moreover, Dox, but not Trz monotherapy, induced prolonged action potential duration (APD), increased incidence of delayed afterdepolarizations (DADs) and beat-to-beat variability of repolarization (BVR), and slower Ca2+ transient decay. Although APD, DADs, BVR and Ca2+ transient decay recovered over time after the cessation of Dox treatment, subsequent Trz administration exacerbated these abnormalities. Trz, but not Dox, reduced Ca2+ transient amplitude and SR Ca2+ content. Both agents increased Ca2+ waves and downregulated SERCA. Finally, Dox increased resting Ca2+ waves, Ca2+ spark frequency, spark-mediated sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) leak, and long-lasting Ca2+ release events (so-called Ca2+ “embers”). These results suggest that Dox, but not Trz, may cause T-tubule disarray in cardiac myocytes in vivo while also inducing overall larger changes in electrical parameters and intracellular Ca2+ handling. While Dox-induced changes in electrical parameters are reversible, subsequent Trz administration prevents their recovery. These findings illustrate the specific roles of Dox and Trz, and their interactions in cardiotoxicity and arrhythmogenicity.
SALUSTRI, ELISA. "Valore prognostico della determinazione di biomarcatori ematici in pazienti con scompenso cardiaco a frazione d’eiezione preservata: correlazioni con imaging ecocardiografico e di risonanza magnetica." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi dell'Aquila, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11697/198072.
Full textCiccotelli, Roberta. "Assessment of the clinical efficacy of cardiac resynchronization therapy through the evaluation of the 3D coronary sinus lead trajectory." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textRipa, Ilaria. "La resincronizzazione cardiaca: indicazioni terapeutiche, punti di attenzione e criticità." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2017.
Find full textEsposito, Lorena. "Studio e sviluppo di un nuovo approccio alla terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca con cateteri multipolari." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15702/.
Full textNUGARA, Cinzia. "Effetti della Terapia con Sacubitril/Valsartan sulla Capacità di Esercizio dei pazienti con Scompenso Cardiaco a Frazione di Eiezione Ridotta (HFrEF) nel Follow-up a Breve, Medio e Lungo Termine e Ruolo della percentuale di Delayed Enhancement (DE) alla Risonanza Magnetica Cardiaca (CMR) sulla risposta alla terapia: uno Studio Multicentrico." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/477048.
Full textIntroduction: Sacubitril/valsartan in heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) was shown to be superior to enalapril in reducing the risk of death and hospitalization for HF. The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiopulmonary effects of sacubitril/valsartan in patients with HFrEF and the possible correlation with the degree of myocardial fibrosis assessed with cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR). Methods: An observational, prospective study was conducted. 134 outpatients with HFrEF underwent serial cardiorespiratory tests after initiation of therapy with Sacubitril / Valsartan. Of these, 54 patients underwent CMR. The remaining 80 patients did not perform CMR as they had undergone ICD implantation prior to enrollment in the aforementioned study. Results: After a mean follow-up of 13.3 ± 6.6 months, a reduction in systolic blood pressure (p <0.0001), an improvement in FE (p = 0.0003), a reduction in the E/A ratio (p = 0.007), inferior vena cava size (p = 0.009) and NT-proBNP levels (p = 0.007) was observed. During the follow-up, we observed an increase in peak VO2 of 16% (Δ = + 5 mL / Kg / min; p <0.0001) and in O2 pulse of 13% (Δ = +1, 7 mL / beat; p 0.0002), as well as an improvement in ventilatory response associated with a 7% reduction in the VE/VCO2 slope (Δ = 2.5; p = 0.0009). VO2 at the anaerobic threshold (AT-VO2) went from 11.5 +2.6 to 12.5 +3.3 mL / kg / min (p = 0.021); furthermore, an 8% increase in the Δ VO2 / Δ Work ratio (Δ = +0.8 mL / beat; p 0.0001) and an 18% increase in the tolerance to physical exercise (Δ = +16 Watt; p <0.0001). In multivariate logistic regression analysis, the main predictors of events during follow-up were the VE/VCO2> 34 [OR: 3.98 (95% CI: 1.59 10.54); p-value = 0.0028]; the presence of ventilatory oscillation [OR: 4.65 (95% CI: 1.55 1 6.13); p value = 0.0052] and the hemoglobin value [OR: 0.35 (95% CI: 0.21 0.55); p value <0.0001]. In the subgroup of patients undergoing CMR, a lower response after sacubitril/valsartan therapy was observed in the presence of Delayed Enhancement (DE) > 4.6% in terms of improvement in peak VO2 delta (+2.1 vs. + 4.7), pulse of O2 (+1.4 vs. +4.2), FE (+4.1 vs. + 10) and NT-proBNP (760 vs. 810). No significant differences were observed in terms of ΔVO2/ΔWork and VE / VCO2. Conclusions: The results of the study show that therapy with Sacubitril/valsartan improves exercise tolerance, left ventricular ejection fraction, peak VO2 and anaerobic threshold and ventilatory efficiency. The presence of myocardial fibrosis conditions the response to therapy with sacubitril/valsartan. In fact, in these patients, the effects of the drug on the functional capacity and cardiorespiratory parameters, even if maintained, are reduced. However, further studies are needed in order to better understand the mechanism of action of the drug and the effects on cardiac remodelling.
ARICI, MARTINA. "Selective SERCA2a stimulation: a new promising therapeutic approach for heart failure treatment." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2023. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/404607.
Full textHeart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of sudden death in developed countries and it is known that failing hearts are characterized by reduced contractile properties caused by impaired Ca2+ cycling between the sarcoplasm and sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). In this field, istaroxime is a small-molecule drug under phase 2 clinical trial that, combining inhibition of Na+/K+ ATPase and SERCA2a stimulation, shows an interesting profile for acute HF treatment. However, istaroxime use is restricted to acute i.v. infusion because of its plasma half-life of about 1 hour in humans and its extensive hepatic metabolism to a molecule, named PST3093. The first aim of my thesis project dealt with the investigation whether PST3093, the main metabolite of istaroxime, may, on its own, be endowed with pharmacological activity and at least partially explain in vivo istaroxime effects. In light of the results, the second aim was to develop PST3093 analogues with metabolically stable groups, with the purpose to generate orally administrable SERCA2a stimulators. In vivo and in vitro effects of PST3093 follow-on compounds were evaluated by using streptozotocin (STZ)-treated rats developing diabetic cardiomyopathy with diastolic dysfunction associated to SERCA2a downregulation. Firstly, we characterized PST3093 effects on SERCA2a and Na+/K+ ATPase activities, intracellular Ca2+ dynamics in isolated ventricular myocytes and in vivo hemodynamic effects in STZ rats. At variance with its parent compound, PST3093 is a “selective” (i.e. devoid of Na+/K+ ATPase inhibition) SERCA2a stimulator, showing a safer profile than istaroxime. It is active at nanomolar concentrations in cardiac preparations from normal guinea pig and STZ rats and, similarly to istaroxime, it stimulates SERCA2a only in the presence of phospholamban (PLN), thus relieving its inhibitory activity on SERCA2a. In-vivo PST3093 i.v. infusion (acute effects) in STZ rats improved overall cardiac performance and reversed most STZ-induced abnormalities. Thanks to a collaboration with chemists of our Department, we synthesized a panel of PST3093 derivatives devoid of Na+/K+ ATPase inhibitory activity to develop a class of compounds suitable for chronic (oral) HF treatment. Most of them retained SERCA2a stimulatory action with nanomolar potency. Two selected PST3093 analogues, compound 5 and compound 8, were further characterized in isolated cardiomyocytes and their acute in vivo effects were firstly evaluated after i.v. infusion in STZ rats. Both compounds, stimulating SERCA2a, improved intracellular Ca2+ handling (promoting SR Ca2+ compartmentalization) and restored diastolic function following acute i.v. infusion in STZ rats. Finally, we evaluated chronic in vivo effects of compound 8 in STZ rats after oral administration at two dosages (40 or 80 mg/kg) at 1 or 4 daily doses to evaluate potential dose-dependent effects and to indirectly explore its pharmacokinetic in rats. Compound 8 dose-dependently ameliorated STZ-induced diastolic dysfunction and its pharmacokinetic was comparable to that of PST3093, i.e. longer than istaroxime one. Off-target effects of compound 8 were excluded based on the analysis of its molecular interaction with a panel of 50 ligands. Acute toxicity in mice was finally evaluated, showing a safer profile of compound 8 than PST3093 and istaroxime. In conclusion, PST3093 and its derivatives act as “selective” SERCA2a stimulators. While PST3093 is suitable to prolong the cardiac beneficial effect of istaroxime infusion, PST3093 derivatives can be considered the prototype of a novel pharmacodynamic class for the ino-lusitropic approach of HF. In particular, compound 8 seems to be a favourable drug candidate for chronic HF therapy.
DEIDDA, MARTINO. "La Metabolomica: una nuova era in Cardiologia. Le nostre esperienze originali nei campi dell' insufficienza cardiaca, della cardiopatia ischemica e dell' ipertensione polmonare." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266580.
Full textZERI, Giulia. "LIVELLI CIRCOLANTI DI FXIII: UN NUOVO MARKER PROGNOSTICO NELL’INFARTO ACUTO DEL MIOCARDIO." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2389409.
Full textLURAGHI, ANDREA. "Rational drug design and synthesis of new steroid derivatives for the treatment of chronic heart failure." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/302116.
Full textHeart failure (HF) is one of the major causes of death in the world. Patients affected by HF presents a pathophysiological state in which the heart is not cable of pumping the blood efficiently in the body due to a loss of contractility of the myocardium, leading to a chronic condition in which oxygen and nutritional need of the body are not satisfied. The most important therapy involves inotropic agents, such as digitals glycosides, capable of improving the cardiac output. The most known digitalis glycoside is Digoxin extracted from Digitalis purpurea. Such compounds acts as inhibitor of the Na+/K+ pump, an active transporter capable of expelling Na+ from the cardiac cells introducing K+ against the natural gradient. The inhibition causes an accumulation of Na+ inside the cell. Sodium is so used from the Na+/Ca++ pump to introduce Ca++ inside the cell. The high concentrations of Ca++ accumulated inside cardiac cells induce contraction of the myocardium. However, digitalis compounds present a small gap between the active concentration and the toxic one. In fact, the over intracellular accumulation for long periods of Ca++ could leads to arrhythmic situations. At today is known only one compound able to stimulate a better contraction without causing arrhythmias, such molecule, called “Istaroxime”. Istaroxime is now under development for the treatment of acute decompensated heart failure. Detailed studies highlighted that a metabolite of Istaroxime, the so-called “PST3093”, acts as a pure activator of SERCA-2a, a protein able to sequestrate Ca2+ from the cytosol, without any action on Na+/K+ pump. PST3093 is the only example in the literature of a pure SERCA-2a activator, making an interesting case of study and a possible first in class drug. Despite the promising activity and the unique characteristic of this compound, there is still the main issue due to the genotoxicity of the carboxy-hydroxylamine formed after oxime degradation by metabolism. Within this thesis, the work can be roughly divided in three parts. In the first part, the work is focused on the development of stable derivatives of “PST3093”, able to maintain the unique stimulatory effect over Serca-2a but, at the same time, substituting the non-metabolically stable oxime. Two compounds were identified, and will be further developed as first-in-class drugs, able to efficiently stimulate the activity of Serca-2a with potential application as anti-arrhythmic drugs. The second section is focused on the creation of compounds inspired to Istaroxime, able to acts as Na+/K+ inhibitors and Serca-2a stimulator. Here we developed analogues of Istaroxime, lacking the risks associated to the oxime group. The third section was developed in MERLN institute of Maastricht University. In this part of the work was developed a drug delivery systems based on electrospun polymeric scaffolds, able to deliver locally the drug reducing its toxicity.
Pratesi, Alessandra. "Lo scompenso cardiaco nel paziente anziano: l'esperienza di una Unità Scompenso Cardiaco dedicata." Doctoral thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1211691.
Full textPERROTTA, LAURA. "Effetti emodinamici della stimolazione ventricolare sinistra endocardica nella terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/803898.
Full textMASCIA, GIUSEPPE. "Effetti della terapia di resincronizzazione cardiaca sul profilo cognitivo, funzionale e psicologico del paziente." Doctoral thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1089769.
Full textCALI', Gabriella. "Identificazione di target terapeutici per lo scompenso cardiaco attraverso studi in vitro e in vivo." Doctoral thesis, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11570/3251116.
Full textBELLI, ROBERTA. "Individuazione di biomarcatori specifici di cachessia neoplastica e di cachessia associata a scompenso cardiaco: valutazione comparativa di miRNA, GDF15 e FGF21." Doctoral thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11573/1493893.
Full textBERGAMINI, Corinna. "Stress ossidativo ed infiammazione: basi fisiopatologiche per un nuovo approccio terapeutico nello scompenso cardiaco. Risultati di due trials randomizzati, controllati con placebo." Doctoral thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11562/530149.
Full textBackground: Heart failure (HF) is a complex pathophysiological condition of chronic deterioration of oxidative mechanisms. Hyperuricemia, a common finding in this context, reflects the degree of oxidative stress. It has been previously shown that diastolic dysfunction, which is frequently observed in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy and is associated with poor prognosis, relates to serum uric acid levels. Furthermore, HF represents an inflammatory state characterized by overproduction of pro-inflammatory cytokines involved in the pathogenesis of some typical aspects of HF, such as pulmonary oedema. Previous studies showed positive effects of statin treatment in a stable phase of the disease. Aim of the project: to determine whether inhibition of XO with allopurinol might affect diastolic function and NT-proBNP levels in a group of patients with chronic HF (Chronic HF Study); to evaluate the effects of statin therapy on left ventricular (LV) remodeling and symptoms in a group of subjects in the early stage of acute HF (Acute HF Study). Methods: Chronic HF study: 53 stable chronic HF outpatients with LV systolic dysfunction on optimal background therapy and clinically stable for at least three months, were randomly assigned to receive allopurinol (A), 300 mg/day, or placebo (P) for three months, in a double-blind trial. Every patient underwent a complete clinical and echocardiographic evaluation at baseline and at the end of the study. Acute HF study: 61 patients, admitted to our clinic for acute HF episode, with left ventricular dysfunction, were randomized to receive Atorvastatin (A) 20 mg/day or placebo (P) for three months, in a double-blind trial. A biochemical and clinical examination and a complete echocardiogram was performed for each patient at baseline, at one week and at the end of the study period. Results: Chronic HF study: mean age was 66±10 years and mean NYHA class was 2.2±0.6; mean serum uric acid levels were 400±100 mmol/L. At follow-up, in the allopurinol group there was a significant reduction in NT-proBNP levels compared with baseline (-191±583 mmol/L, p=0.0004), while no significant difference was observed in the placebo group, with a significant treatment effect (p=0.0033). In the allopurinol group there was a significant reduction of mitral E wave velocity (E) (0.6±0.2 vs. 07±0.2 m/s, p=0.01), and of the ratio between E and the velocity of early myocardial lengthening (E’) (10.7±6.7 vs. 15.1±11.8), but no significant changes of these two parameters in the placebo group, with a significant treatment effect for both (p=0.01 and p=0.02, respectively). Acute HF study: the two groups did not differ in clinical and echocardiographic baseline characteristics (mean age 72±7 years group P; 68±12 years group A; Colesterol 3.6±1 mmol/L group P; 3.5±1.3 mmol/L group A; EF 29±7 % group P; 25±6 % group A). At follow up NYHA class and congestion score improved in both groups, however more and without worsening of renal function in group A. There was a reduction in LV volumes, in particular in end-systolic volume ( 3 months 26 ml; p=0.001) and EF improved ( 3 months: -5; p=0.0005) only in the Atovarstatin group. Furthermore, in the same group there was a reduction of left atrium volume ( 3 months: 12.7 ml; p=0.05) and diastolic parameters improved. Conclusions: in CHF patients, the addition of allopurinol on top of optimal medical therapy for three months significantly improves echocardiographic parameters of diastolic function and lowers NT-proBNP levels. Early statin treatment in acute HF patients improves symptoms and affects cardiac remodeling by improving EF and reducing LV volumes.