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Ali, Taha. "Analysis of traveler’s behaviorusing electric scooters based on surveys." Thesis, KTH, Transportplanering, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301170.
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In this study, travel behavior for the users of E-scooter is analyzed based on survey questions. The main purpose of the study is to understand the nature of E-scooters users and their preferences as well as analyzing their trip parameters. The survey was designed to cover most ofthe behavioral influential factors. To represent the motives and barriers towards E-scooter adoption in greater Stockholm. it was sectioned into demographic data, general travel preferences, E-scooter choice preferences, last trip parameters and general discussion questions. Findings of this study suggested that E-scooters are mainly used by residents aged between 18-24. In Stockholm, public transportation facilities are very accessible and affordable than other private transportation modes. Travel time and travel cost were highly evaluated by the users and were considered as deciding criteria prior to making any trip in Stockholm. Findings suggested that trips made by E-scooters are mainly for fun and leisure rather than commuting and services. However, regarding normal trips, it was found that walking replaced the use of E-scooters more often. Historical data was used to validate and support the survey findings. Survey questions did not consider questions regarding impacts of COVID-19 on travel behaviours as well as the changes in travel patterns. Furthermore, the absence of highlights on research areas such as safety which covers the adoption of risky behaviours (i.e., driving on sidewalks, driving opposing traffic flow) and helmet use. The tool was used for research purposes was ‘Questionpro’.I denna studie analyseras resebeteendet för användarna av E-scooter baserat på enkätfrågor. Huvudsyftet med studien är att förstå E-scooters användares natur och deras preferenser samt att analysera deras tripparametrar. Undersökningen var utformad för att täcka de flesta av debeteendemässiga inflytelserika faktorerna. Att representera motiv och barriärer mot e-scooteradoption i större Stockholm. den delades in i demografisk data, allmänna resepreferenser, val av E-scooter-val, parametrar för sista resan och allmänna diskussionsfrågor. Resultaten av denna studie föreslog att E-skotrar huvudsakligen används av invånare i åldrarna 18-24. I Stockholm är anläggningar för kollektivtrafik mycket tillgängliga och prisvärda än andra privata transportsätt. Restid och resekostnader utvärderades mycket av användarna och ansågs vara avgörande kriterier innan de gjorde en resa i Stockholm. Resultaten föreslog att resor med e-skotrar främst är för skoj och fritid snarare än pendling och tjänster. När det gäller normala resor fann man dock att promenader ersatte användningen av E-skotrar oftare. Historiska data användes för att validera och stödja undersökningsresultaten.
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Bordes, Roca Adria. "Impacts of implementation of electric scooters in daily transport: case study in Gavle." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för byggnadsteknik, energisystem och miljövetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-30613.
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Salcedo, Milton A. "An Exploration Towards Form: A Photovoltaic Charging Station Design for Electric Scooters at Virginia Tech." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/51164.
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This project is a proposal on the versatile use of glass, its properties and technologies as well as its aesthetic qualities. A photovoltaic charging station for electric scooters is proposed for the Virginia Tech campus, combined with a bus shelter to allow mobility and integration of transportation.Master of Science
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Maca, Jakub. "Design elektrického skútru do městského prostředí." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-231750.
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The main aim of this thesis is to design electric scooter, which is ideally adapted for urban mobility and which will be a practical, attractive and environmental friendly alternative to the car with a combustion engine. Emphasis is given to proposal of ergonomic, aesthetic and functional solution of the system, which makes that scooter can be folded into a mobile compact shape. Folded scooter can be carried at public transportation vehicles and park right at home or in the office. The unique design and practical features of a scooter should be attractive not only in terms of personal mobility, but also as a utility vehicle for private companies and public institutions.
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Stevens, John Wesley. "A design of a low-cost propulsion system for an electric scooter." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17885.
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Miller, Marcus. "Dockless electric scooters and the sustainable mobility transition in Stockholm : User study, stakeholder insights and policy perspectives." Thesis, KTH, Urbana och regionala studier, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-289202.
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In the context of increasing car ownership in Stockholm, this thesis explores the emergenceof e-scooters in the city and what role they could play in achieving a transition away from carusage.This is explored using theories of sustainable transitions: the multi-level perspective,transition management and strategic niche management. These theories are used to guide theempirical enquiry of this research project and to suggest areas of further research and possiblepolicy recommendations. Empirical Findings This study used a mixed-method strategy consisting of interviews with key stakeholders andan e-scooter user survey (n=408). The interviewees from Stockholm Region and two e-scooter operators were broadly inagreement that e-scooters could have a positive impact going forward, whilst acknowledgingchallenges. The interviews highlighted a good level of both private-private and public-privatecooperation in the industry and signalled that this cooperation is key if e-scooters are to be asustainable aspect of Stockholm’s transportation system. The survey indicated that e-scooters are a poor substitute for private (self-owned) car use i.e.only 4% of recorded journeys shifted away from self-owned car use. However, e-scooterswere found to be a much stronger substitute for taxi/ride-hail journeys with 10% of e-scooterjourneys shifting away from them. Survey findings were used to compare the GlobalWarming Potential (GWP) of e-scooters with the modes people used otherwise. It found thatthe modes people would have used had a GWP of 64g per km travelled, which compared to131g (Moreau et al, 2020) and 125g (Hollingsworth et al, 2019) for e-scooters reported in theliterature and 35g reported in a study conducted on behalf of Voi - an e-scooter company(EY, 2020). For a discussion on these figures please refer to sections 2.2.1 and 6.2.3. The timing of the survey gave a unique opportunity to explore the impact of Covid-19 on escooter journeys. A statistically significant difference between the modal shift of journeystaken before and after the Covid-19 outbreak (P-value= 0.027) was found, with journeystaken during the Covid-19 pandemic more than twice as likely to have shifted away from anytype of car use than journeys taken before the outbreak. The discussion was framed using theories of sustainable transitions. It argued that e-scooterswill not achieve a transition away from mobility on their own. However, if there is a moregeneral switch from ownership to usership in the Stockholm transport sector, e-scooters (andother micro-mobility) could substitute an increased number of taxi/ride-hail journeys whichwould see them contribute to a more environmentally sustainable transportation system. Thefinal part of this thesis discusses policy options that would help e-scooters find a space withinStockholm’s transportation systems where they can best achieve environmental sustainabilitygoals including the importance of using a multi-actor approach, a flexible cap on the numberof e-scooters, environmental merit-based tender processes, e-scooter parking charges andminimum prices.Denna mastersuppsats handlar om framväxten av elsparkcyklar i i Stockholm, och utforskarvilken roll detta nya färdmedel kan spela för att minska bilanvändning i en situation med ökatbilägande. Detta utforskas med hjälp av teorier om hållbarhetsomställning: "multi-level" perspektiv,transition management och strategisk nisch-management. Dessa teorier används för attvägleda den empiriska undersökningen och föreslå områden för ytterligare forskning ochpolicyrekommendationer. Empiriska resultat Studien har utförts med hjälp av en ”mixed method”-ansats, och grundas bl a i intervjuermed viktiga intressenter och en undersökning med elsparkcykelanvändare (n=408). De intervjuade intressenterna från Stockholmsregionen och två elsparkcykelföretag var i stortsett överens om att elsparkcyklar kan ha en positiv inverkan på hållbart resande, samtidigtsom det finns utmaningar. Intervjuerna belyste en god nivå av både privat-privat ochoffentlig-privat samarbete i branschen och signalerade att detta samarbete är avgörande omelsparkcyklar ska kunna bidra till en hållbar utveckling av Stockholms transportsystem.Undersökningen visade att elsparkcyklar inte ersätter privat (egenägd) bilanvändning i någotstörre avseende: endast 4% av de idenitfierade resorna ersatte privat bilanvändning.Elsparkcyklar visade sig dock vara ett mycket starkare substitut för taxi / "ride-hail" resor:10% av elsparkcykel-resorna ersatte en sådan transport. Undersökningsresultaten användesför att jämföra den globala uppvärmningspotentialen (GWP) för elsparkcyklar med de medelsom användes annars. Det visade sig att de färdmedel som folk skulle ha använt om de intehade åkt elsparkcykel hade en GWP på 64g per km per resa, vilket jämförs med 131g(Moreau et al, 2020) och 125g (Hollingsworth et al, 2019) för elsparkcyklar rapporterade ilitteraturen och 35g rapporterade i en studie utförd på uppdrag av Voi - ettelsparkcykelföretag (EY, 2020). För en djupare inblick i dessa siffror hänvisas till avsnitten2.2.1 och 6.2.3 i uppsatsen. Tidpunkten för undersökningen gav en unik möjlighet att utforska effekterna av Covid-19 påresor med elsparkcyklar. Här visar studien på en statistiskt signifikant skillnad iöverflyttningspotential gällande resor som gjordes före och efter covid-19-utbrottet (P-värde=0,027). De resor som gjordes under covid-19-pandemin hade mer än dubbelt så storsannolikhet att ersätta bilanvändning än resor som gjordes före utbrottet. Diskussionen av studiens resultat tar sin utgångspunkt i teorier om hållbarhetsomställning. Idiskussionen framhålls att endast elsparkcyklar inte kommer bidra till en omställning. Men ihändelse av en mer allmän övergång från ägande till användning inom Stockholmstransportsektor, skulle elsparkcyklar (och annan mikromobilitet) kunna ersätta ett ökat antaltaxi-/"ride-hail" resor, vilket i så fall skulle innebära ett bidrag till ett mer miljömässigthållbart transportsystem. I den sista delen av uppsatsen diskuteras policyalternativ somskulle hjälpa elsparkcyklar att hitta en tydlig nisch inom Stockholms transportsystem, där debäst kan bidra till att realisera övergripande miljö- och hållbarhetsmål. Vidare diskuteras behov av att inkludera flera typer av aktörer, att använda ett flexibelt "tak" på antaletelsparkcyklar, anbudsprocesser som styrs av miljökrav, samt tillämpning avparkeringsavgifter och minimipriser för elsparkcyklar.
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Eliasson, Esther. "Att planera för ett nytt färdmedel : En studie om regleringar för och utbredning av friflytande elsparkcyklar." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för geografi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-184261.
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Free floating electric scooters is a relatively new phenomena in many cities across the world and despite the Covid-19-pandemic, electric scooters are growing in popularity. There are however mixed opinions on whether electric scooters are environmentally friendly or not and if they are an option for municipalities to utilize in their planning towards more sustainable cities or not. Laws are also lacking for regulating this new means of transport. This study aims to examine how municipalities can plan for electric scooters in their traffic planning as well as examining if electric scooters work according to the municipalities’ visions for their future traffic planning. This study also aims to map out what Swedish cities have electric scooters today and examine what characteristics these cities have. The study has been conducted through interviews with two Swedish municipalities, one Norwegian municipality and one provider of free floating electric scooters. A literature review of several municipalities’ planning and strategy documents has been carried out as well. Findings show that free floating electric scooters exist in the most populous municipalities in Sweden. The municipalities have a high share of students and young people in the ages 18-35, which is the age group that tend to use electric scooters the most. The municipalities have a lower amount of days with snow-cover than the national average. Findings also show that municipalities are positive towards free floating electric scooters and think that they fit in with the overall visions for the municipalities’ planning.
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Zhou, Weiqian (Viking). "Platform for ergonomic steering methods investigation of "Segway-style" balancing scooters." 2008. http://adt.waikato.ac.nz/public/adt-uow20080130.140133/index.html.
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賴冠豪. "Design and Analysis of Wheel Motors for Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/vv5gf4.
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碩士逢甲大學
電機工程學系
106
This paper mainly designs a permanent magnet brushless motor used in electric scooters. Based the specification of Taiwan E-scooter Standard, the output power of the motor is in the range of 1.34 hp and 5 hp at a rated speed of 550 rpm. In this paper, two slot-pole combinations are selected, and the motor performances that include cogging torque, back EMF, average torque and torque ripple are obtained using the finite element software Flux2D. The 42-pole 36-slot combination that has the better performance is selected. Finally, the sensitivity analysis, Taguchi method and fuzzy Taguchi method are used to optimize the motor.
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Chen, Ging Heng, and 陳敬恆. "Design of High Performance Power Motors for Electric Scooters." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/50137820518148667182.
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碩士國立清華大學
動力機械工程學系
87
The applications of electric scooter will be very competitive in the future market; therefore, development of high reliability and low cost motors for the electric scooters still has very high potential. And the selection of compatible power drives for permanent magnet DC brushed motor is the main research topic. The adoption of high energy, residual flux, and cohesivity NdFeB magnets could largely increase the air-gap flux density and reduce the volume and weight of the DC motors. In this thesis, one-dimensional analysis, namely conventional, was employed for the DC motor design. With the basic dimensions calculated for the two-dimensional magnetic flux distribution. Finally, a better design was obtained on the DC brushed motor. The finally design has satisfied the original requirements and been available for future verifications after comparing the different results with the help of dimensional variation analysis.
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Wang, Po-Kung, and 王伯恭. "Integrated Design of Direct-Drive Wheel Motor for Light Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/68129459354945393527.
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碩士國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
97
This thesis presents a design procedure for direct-drive wheel motor on light electric scooter applications. The direct-drive wheel motor integrates the motor rotor and wheel to form a power unit, which has the advantages of light weight and excellent efficiency. Such types of motors can directly transmit power without any mechanical transmissions and hence it is suitable to be applied in light electric scooters. Due to the complication of the electric motor design, this thesis develops a design flow for the electric motor performance to satisfy the driving requirement of light electric scooters. It not only integrates the load analyses, but also estimates the power consumption so as to balance the manufacturing cost and demand for light electric scooters. Additionally, the proposed design flow provides the choices of the type of electric motor for light electric scooters, theoretical calculations, model establishments, and prototype with designing draft to ensure the realization of the motor performance. In conclusion, this design flow accelerates the motor design process and the analyses of rated power in electric motors through the extensible application of CAD and finite element analysis (FEA) which provides a good reference of a complete design procedure for motor designers.
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Chang, Yu-wei, and 張育瑋. "Design and Implementation of a Motor/Generator Driver for Hybrid Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17339109020967385503.
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碩士國立中正大學
電機工程所
96
The objective of this study is to develop a driver for brushless DC motor which is integrated with an engine to form a hybrid electric scooter. A motor driver can be divided into two parts, of which one is motor driver (motor mode) and the other is generator charger (generator mode). Conventional hybrid electric scooter systems use two independent power converters to realize these two functions. In this thesis, a bi-directional power converter has been designed to replace these two parts of subsystems. In addition to drive the brushless DC motor, the proposed bi-directional power converter also can drive the generator to be a charger. With the proposed bi-directional power converter, the hybrid electric scooter system can be cost down, and the driving technique can be improved. The equivalent circuit model of the bi-directional power converter that takes the resistance of armature and the power components into consideration is also established in the thesis. An analysis of the maximum booster voltage ratio, average-charging current and the equivalent circuit are also provided in the thesis. Theoretical analysis and experimental results have verified the performance of the proposed motor driver and the effectiveness of the proposed switching strategies used in the motor driving.
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Chou, M. C., and 周明昌. "Control of a Variable-Winding Brushless Motor with the Application in Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/40821683548955868991.
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碩士國立成功大學
機械工程學系
88
This project focuses on the power drive control of an electric scooter, so as to achieve optimal control efficiency and the required torque at different road speeds (high starting torque at low speed and with a good range of speeds). The approach used is based on changing the winding connection at motor’s stator, so that there are two sets of windings on the motor, namely a Variable-Winding Brushless Motor. When in series it is suitable for low speed operation the torque can be increased constantly for smooth acceleration from a starting position and when in parallel, the torque can be decreased constantly for high-speed operation. A closed-loop torque control scheme is proposed to integrate different characteristics by combining the changing winding connection structure and torque-speed control. The software controlled C.V.T is achieved in both regions of the different structures, so that the motor operates smoothly at the switching point. With the strategy of “2-State-C.V.T”, it is hoped to improve the efficiency and reduce the overall weight of electric scooters.
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Hung, Po-Chang, and 洪伯菖. "Optimal Design of a High Torque Density Permanent Magnet Motor for Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03227637364226210574.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
機械工程學研究所
101
The current trend of eco-consciousness has led many governments around the world to attempt to popularize electric vehicles (EVs). This study discusses an optimal design for a high torque density PM motor for electric scooters, which has a torque density performance of roughly 10Nm/kg. In comparison with other motors which have the same output torque, this motor is smaller in volume and has a lower weight. The thesis first discusses the design process, in terms of the direction of flux and the choosing of a combination with the right number of slots and poles. Following this, it explains how the magnetic circuit model was applied to a computer program in order to assess the performance of the motor. The program used a mathematical model, meaning that an optimal method could be utilized to optimize the motor’s size. In addition, an FEA model was created with optimized sizing, in order to analyze performance. The paper explains how the prototype was manufactured, discussing the design in full detail, as well as the simulation and experimental results. The final chapter of the study presents a summary of its findings.
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Chen, Hang-Sheng, and 陳航生. "Characteristic Analysis of an IPM Synchronous Motor and Its Application to Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77103759470798534203.
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碩士國立成功大學
機械工程學系碩博士班
92
Because the permanent magnets are embedded in the rotor of an IPM synchronous motor, the structure is robust enough to operate at high speed region. In addition, the ratio of d-q-axes inductances is high so that this type of motors can be applicably driven by flux weakening for higher speed operation. On the other hand, there are two components of output torque: electromagnetic torque and reluctance torque. An IPM synchronous motor becomes a hybrid between PM motor and synchronous reluctance motor and is particularly suitable for electric scooters. Under the condition that the stator topology, winding and the amount of rotor permanent magnets are kept identical, the characteristics analysis of four kinds of IPM rotors based on Finite Element Analysis is proposed in this thesis, such as cogging torque, back-EMF constant and d-q-axes inductances. The circle diagram is used to illustrate the maximum operation area of each rotor. Finally, the T-N curves are established from the circle diagram to reflect the variation of the maximum toque and speed zones of distinct rotors, in order to provide relevant designers with bench mark for IPM motors.
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FU-SEN, PAN, and 潘富生. "Life Cycle Inventory Analysis of Electric Scooters and Gasoline-fueled Scooters." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79076237831749351088.
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碩士國立臺北大學
資源管理研究所碩士在職專班
90
ABSTRACT This study aims to establish life cycle inventories for electric scooters and gasoline-fueled scooters. As a result, the environmental performances of these two types of vehicles can be compared. In the study, the energy consumed, air pollutants emitted, and solid waste generated associated with the use and disposal of the two types of scooters are estimated and calculated. The life cycle stages considered include the use and the end-of-life discard of the vehicles. Since neither the entire life cycle nor the impact assessment phase is incorporated, the study can only be referred as a streamlined life cycle assessment. In order to implement a comparable basis, the functional unit is defined as every 20,000 km use of the scooters, that is the mileage which a gasoline-fueled scooter normally runs during its usage phase. Since the normal mileage of electric scooters is about 12,000 km, the inventories related to per electric scooter use and disposal need to be multiplied by the factor of 20/12. During the use phase, the energy consumption of the two types of scooters is almost the same (7,542.6 kWh for electric scooters and 8,147.4 kWh for gasoline-fueled scooters). Among the air pollutants compared, CO and hydrocarbons emitted from electric scooters are less than those from gasoline-fueled scooters. The emission of SOX from electric scooters, however, is about three times of that from gasoline-fueled scooters mostly due to the power generation. For the disposal phase, the amount of hazardous waste generated from electric scooters is about 212 kg that is about 85.8 times of that from gasoline-fueled scooters. That is mainly due to the large amount of lead battery uses. In summary, the results obtained from this study indicate that the electric scooters are not as environmentally friendly as the governmental agencies declared. Keywords: Electric scooters, Life cycle assessment (LCA), Life cycle inventory, Streamlined LCA
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Fang-LingWu and 吳芳伶. "The cost-benefit analysis of carbon footprint with hydrogen scooters and electric scooters." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m4guyn.
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碩士國立成功大學
交通管理科學系
103
The research results are as follow: (1) SMR has the smallest carbon footprint (0.0115 kg 〖CO〗_(2,e)), followed by on-board SMR (0.0117 kg 〖CO〗_(2,e)), PEV (0.0189 kg 〖CO〗_(2,e)), hybrid scooter (0.0614 kg 〖CO〗_(2,e)) and ICE (0.1378 kg 〖CO〗_(2,e)); the percentage of carbon emissions relative to ICE by each scooter in order, are 8%, 8%, 14% and 45%; (2) according to regulation of ISO14067, capital good(fix costs) cannot accounting into total life cycle costs, total life cycle costs excluding fix costs in descending order, are SMR ($6,632), ICE ($4,233), on-board SMR($3,643) , hybrid scooter ($3,368) and PEV ($2,824); (3) the variation of fuel price is the key factor of using hydrogen scooters. In this study we set that scooters are for commuter use, it belongs short cruising range. As for results, it is more economical to use PEVs scooter.
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Hu, Han-min, and 胡漢民. "Identification for Parameterized Modelling of Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12887438849431324676.
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Chen, Yi-Hsiang, and 陳奕翔. "Life cycle cost analysis of electric scooters." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/2ccp7d.
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碩士國立臺北大學
自然資源與環境管理研究所
106
This study applies life cycle cost analysis to explore the cost of scooters and electric scooters in the stage of consumers using in life cycle. Collecting the information of the cost spending on scooters and electric scooters. Also considering tax free and subsidy of electric scooters. The result of the study is that in same service life, the average cost of scooters per year is about 13,509 NTD, the average cost of electric scooters per year is about 14,230 to 15,930 NTD. And the average cost of scooters per km is about 2.8 NTD, the average cost of electric scooters per km is about 2.95 to 3.31 NTD. While considering without the policies of promoting electric scooters and current service life, cost, technical and uncertainties of electric scooters, these may cause the intention of purchasing electric scooters. This study also assesses the impact to human life which cause from electric scooters and evaluates the monetary value of the impact to human life from electric scooters. Choosesing Taipei and Kaohsiung as the area of study. The impact from electric scooters can span 47 days to the human life in Taipei and 92 days to human life in Kaohsiung. The willingness to swap for microrisk to residents in Taipei is 12.3 billion and to residents in Kaohsiung is 82.8 billion.
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LIEN, YANG-CHUAN, and 練仰涓. "User Satisfaction and Loyalty toward Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/v9ruvj.
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碩士中華大學
科技管理學系
106
Climate change has caused tremendous changes in the living conditions of human beings. It’s urgent to save the global environment. The adoption of electric scooter can effectively reduce the carbon emissions sources. Also, the goverment can improve the development of electric scooter industries with our own excellent engineering and product development technology under our uniqe transport circumstance in Taiwan. The conceptual framework of this study is from the expectation-confirmation model. It aims to investigate the correlation and influence among the innovativeness of electric scooter user , the set of post-adoption beliefs, user confirmation, satisfaction, and loyalty. This study collected data form online Questionnaire issued on the community website during January, 2018. Survey respondents were users of electic scooter in Taiwan. Total of 388 valid responses from particiants were collected and representing an effective response rate of 100 %. Using SPSS statistical software for data analysis, this study attempts to identify the factors affect electric vehicle users' satisfaction and loyalty. The results of the findings are summarized as follows: 1. The loyalty of male electric vehicle users is significantly higher than female users. 2. There are significant differences in satisfaction and loyalty among the different brands that users adopt. 3. The innovativeness characteristics of the electric vehicle users mainly affect the user's evaluation of the hedonic value of the electric scooters. 4. The perceptions of post-adoption beliefs- Hedonic value, perceived ease of use, and perceived usefulness have significant positive effect on users’ levels of confirmation. 5. The user’s levels of confirmation is the key determinant of the user’s level of satisfaction and loyalty. 6. User satisfaction has the primary effect on loyalty, having satisfied users is the critical driver of loyalty. Based on this research result, this study will provide manufacturers with reference to design, produce, and market. It hopes to help manufacturers to reach the masses and to understand the effects of post-adoption beliefs of electric scooter to enhance user satisfaction and loyalty.
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Chia-Nan, Chen. "Study of Electric Energy Control System for Hybrid Electric Scooters." 2006. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0005-2508200615095200.
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Chen, Chia-Nan, and 陳嘉男. "Study of Electric Energy Control System for Hybrid Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/69350902327083645474.
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碩士國立中興大學
電機工程學系所
94
This thesis proposes a novel control system for a fuel cell and battery hybrid electric scooter (HES). In the first part, we propose a dual mode (robust mode and economy mode) HES speed controller. The robust control strategy is designed to achieve the robust speed command tracking and to perform a better response. A boundary layer sliding mode control technique is utilized to generate a motor control input in the proposed robust mode. Furthermore, considering the driving efficiency, the economy mode is designed to reduce the electric energy waste while an inappropriate accelerator command has been input to system from the rider. In this proposed control strategy, we use a fuzzy inference control technique to generate an appropriate correction to motor control command. In the second part, an energy management system is proposed to improve fuel economy for HES through the considerations of fuel cell output efficiency, battery energy state, regenerative braking energy and the power demand. A power control strategy is designed to control the power flow of electric energy. In this thesis, firstly the control system components and their characteristics are introduced. Then we illustrate an analysis of the dynamic behavior and establish a complete mathematical model for the HES. Secondly, the dual mode speed controller is designed to adapt the load disturbances and parameter variation such that the objects of speed control and energy saving are achieved. Besides, the energy management system is designed to regulate the electric energy demand between fuel cell and battery for energy saving and component protection. Finally, the effects of the proposed system have been discussed based on the results of computer simulations.
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Chen, King-Yi, and 陳剛毅. "Application TRIZ Innovative Design for Folding Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3eb53k.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立勤益科技大學
工業工程與管理系
106
Carrier is the product of modern technology its invention has great contribution to mankind; but why become a serious problem of human society, its main reason, the current road to see the vehicle is almost engine to generate kinetic energy, the engine in the launch or driving The exhaust gas, these exhaust gas has caused serious pollution to the earth. By collecting the products of scooters, creative trendy electric scooter design, electric scooter manufacturing technology, analysis of its corresponding to the TRIZ innovation rules, to build a 40 rules of innovation in accordance with the electric scooter. This study first uses TRIZ to carry out the concept of product innovation of electric scooter, and plans to show the product structure and create new popular products for the follow-up product development and design. In order to reduce vehicle air pollution, the use of low-pollution vehicles to continuously improve the air quality, and thus initiation of this paper to carry out the product innovation research folding electric scooter, in the existing market of folding electric scooters to transform, the folding area from 108cm * 20cm reduced to 30cm * 15cm, reduced 79%, into the backpack, weight from 12.5kg weight loss of 60%, only 5kg, light to allow users to accept and popularize, thus reducing the air emissions of innovative research and development. The results of this study can be technology transfer electric scooter related industry development and production.
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Ho, Chunhan, and 何竣漢. "Non－Contact Automatic Charging System Development for Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96269353798562552135.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
機械與自動化工程學系
100
Due to significant changing in climate and national environmental measures, the efficiency improvement and CO2 reduction become a very important task for the motorcycles industry. Taiwan’s motorcycles industry spares no effort to the development of electric motorcycles. The basic characteristics requirement of modern battery for electric motorcycles includes high energy density, fast charge and discharge, high power output, and long cycle life. However, existing two kind of charging systems of electric motorcycles are not so conveniently. First, for the traditional removable battery box design, one should take 5~10 kg battery box and find a charging device to replenish battery capacity. Secondly, plug-in charging design is better than the removable battery box design because we don’t need take the heavy battery box. When the electric motorcycle stops, one should find an AC power source and pull the motorcycle plug into the socket. According to this inconvenient fact, it should be pointed out that the two traditional battery charging design must be modify. This thesis has focused on a new design system of fully automatic charging system for electric motorcycles. A novel distributed charging design with SOC balance property is introduced for series connected battery strings. It reaches these functions of improving the storing efficiency and reducing energy losses. Moreover, it can also equilibrium charge at the same time to lengthen the battery life. The fully automatic charging system is divided into three parts: 1. Regenerative braking system: Design a special charging circuit for regenerative braking control of electric motorcycles. The SOC balance function is also established in this charging circuit. 2. Parking stand charging system: When the electric motorcycle stops with the parking stand setting up, a non-directly-contact charging module is designed for the battery charging. By using this charging module, the charging procedure will be automatically running with SOC balance function. 3. Plug-in charging system: Use the same basic circuit structure of the parking stand charging system, plug-in charging system is also designed while stopping the motorcycle. The charge system can replenish battery capacity rapidly. Some basic analysis for a charging system of electric motorcycle is presented. The circuit design of regenerative braking system, parking stand charging system and plug-in charging system will be discussed in detail. Experimental results demonstrated to achieve the objective of the full charging functions.
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Tsai, Jia-Shiun, and 蔡佳勳. "Development of Wireless Power Transfer System for Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24824021917727779435.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺南大學
綠色能源科技學系碩士班
102
The goal of this paper is to design a wireless power transfer system for electric scooters which was based on the magnetic resonant coupling theory. Using a lower cost way to produce the circuit, the electric scooter may bring more convenient to the user and the system is suitable for any 48v/20Ah electric scooter. In this research, the system’s operation frequency can be satisfied to the standard of 85kHz which is required by SAE J2954, making the wireless power transfer system a safety standard and bring us a pleasant charging process. One circular antenna/receiver pair is designed to meet the requirements of scooter-using scenarios. The emitting coil were setup under the chassis of scooter, and the receiving coils were embedded in the bottom layer of the chassis where the air gap between two coils is larger than 10cm. We also designed a 3D directional antenna which is improved from general antennas. Leading the magnetic field emission lines directly to the receiving coil effectively, and enhance the charging efficiency and safety of the wireless charging system on the electric scooters。
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Chen, Yu-Chan, and 陳譽展. "Design of Integrated Driving/ABS Control for Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47786053996216720678.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中興大學
電機工程學系所
105
As the science and technology, advanced, electric vehicle technology has been consummate and universal, but the braking system still uses mechanical discs or drum brakes. Although the anti-lock braking system have commonly been used in electric vehicles, however, most vehicles still use traditional hydraulic-based disc brake, and the driving system and braking system are two independent modules in the current vehicle. In this research, an integrated driving and braking control system of the ABS design for electric vehicle with satisfactory braking performance is proposed. When braking, a motor is converted into a generator, which energy can be used to generate reverse magnetic braking torque and to realize an anti-lock braking controller with fast response. Compared with the existing regenerative braking and short circuit braking methods, this research uses the back-EMF to yield reverse magnetic braking torque. It is combined with the capacitor regenerative braking to fulfill an anti-lock braking controller. We use a PID controller to drive the motor. We control the slip ratio to the optimal value by introducing a fuzzy slip ratio controller. For the experimental verification, we have conducted a variety of on-road tests to examine performance of the slip ratio control, compared several tests to verify this method.
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Shengh-SiangWang and 汪聖翔. "Prediction and Diagnosis System for Malfunctions of Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31295519599960701891.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
系統及船舶機電工程學系
104
Information on structural vibration are usually utilized to judge its status. Because, vibration on different structural will cause different vibration modes, even small differences. Electric scooter used in the process, the structural is likely to damage due to vibration fatigue. So, this research mainly focuses on designing a malfunction-predicting system for electric scooter in order to detect status of the electric scooter quickly and foresee a malfunction that may happen in the future. An accelerometer and data acquisition module and LabVIEW are integrated to develop a measurement and diagnosis system in this thesis. By utilizing vibration signals from the electric scooter to diagnose the possible malfunction, before diagnosing, features are needed for identifying information. Frequency domain information, frequency multiplication analysis, and statistics are used to detect a certain status’s vibrational features. This thesis aims to address the screw problem of the motor shaft and front axle, shock absorber abnormalities, etc. The malfunction status is used to identify the fault based on the status frequency feature for locating the fault and identifying the information. Furthermore, it is evaluated whether the electric scooter has the malfunction signal feature to determine the type of fault in order to achieve a predictive diagnosis. The experiment shows that the diagnostic accuracy of normal status is 93.33%, a loose screw in the motor shaft has 95.56%, a loose screw in the front axle has 90.56%, and a shock absorber abnormality has 87.8%. The results show that the frequency feature can effectively diagnose the status of an electric scooter.
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Huang, Chun-Wei, and 黃俊維. "Analysis of Internal Permanent Magnet Brushless Motors in Electric Scooter Applications." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91825094903876862089.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立清華大學
光電科技產業研發碩士專班
97
As the oil shortage is worsening gradually, electric scooters are attracting more attention and getting more popular in application. Many companies started research projects and even production of these scooters. Hence, electric scooters will become a transportation tool with convenience and green energy considerations. In this thesis, a high-performance, low-cost and compact electric motor would be investigated for the electric scooters. The objective is to study and design a highly efficient brushless DC motor with internal permanent magnets which are high-performance NdFeB magnets. The magnets are high in energy, magnetic retentivity, and coercivity so that the air-gap magnetic flux density inside the motor can be increased. With the goal for utilization of reluctance torque to reduce the weight and volume, this study first gathered the specifications of the scooters; and then, we design the motors based upon fundamental formulae for the sizes of the motors. We further used computer simulation tools for analysis of the magnetic circuit in details. Finally, we finished the design with data from two-dimensional magnetic field distributions of many cases with optimized parameters of the motors. By exploring the details and comparing the pros and cons from the simulations, we concluded that the design goals for electric motors in application for electric scooters have been met.
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Cheng, Yu-lun, and 鄭宇倫. "The critical factors that affect the purchase of electric scooters." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/96222758585687823270.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中央大學
土木工程學系
101
Global warming has caused severe climate change and shortage of energy, forcing countries from around the world to place emphasis on sustainable development.According to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) statistics collected from 1990 to 2010, the report pointed out that the world transportation sector was the only increasing one among the others sectors on greenhouse gas. As the result, countries are urged to promote policies and measurements on reducing carbon emission and saving energy in the transportation sector. Of the policies and measurements, they can be divided into two main aspects: one is to encourage the public to take mass transportation, the other is to promote adopting green vehicles. Scooters are the most widely chosen vehicles in Taiwan. The fact suggests that developing environmentally-friendly electric scooters would be an essential subject for green transportation in Taiwan. The major objective of the research is to pinpoint the critical factors affecting the consumer’s choice of buying environmentally-friendly electric scooter. The research employs the Structural Equation Model (SEM) to structure the key factors that affect the public choice on the electric scooter. The result would suggest the variables in the cause-effect of the choice behavior and proving it by experimenting based on the potential users and the owner of electric scooter respectively. According to the research, the result of the potential user model shows that the performance of the electric scooter affects the consumer’s will of consuming. Its eco-friendliness and environmental protections are a good stimulant for consumer’s willingness to purchase. As for those that already have the electric scooter, they are satisfied with the over-all performance of it. The policies and its friendliness to the environment bring positive effect to the over-all satisfaction. Nevertheless, to current users, the satisfaction of cost on buying the electric scooter is positive to the effect as well. Performance of the electric scooter is the main factor for both potential users and current users and endurance is scored the highest of all. If there is government subsidy or mass production in technic to lower the cost of the electric-powered electric scooter, it will appeal to consumers to purchasing so as well.
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CHEN, YAO-TING, and 陳要汀. "Mechanical improvement and Fabrication of Leaning Three Wheeled Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/zyhkdp.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
機械工程系
105
In this study, we discuss the design of a tricycle, so that the rider can control the tilt angle of the vehicle directly through the legs, which is different from the current market. Three-wheeled vehicle can provide a more stable bodywork system than two vehicle, Through the tilt of the body and get better cornering performance and will not cause to turn over the casualties. In this paper, the use of Parallel four link mechanism, the construction of a tiltable three-wheel electric vehicle. With this mechanism, double pedal can be parallel with the ground, not with the vehicle body. By the strength of their own legs to control the body tilt angle to increase the stability of riding. Through the actual production of the prototype vehicle to test the performance of this body and riding experience. After running all the related tests, we will be able to provide some follow-up suggestions of improvements.
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Lou, Si-Yan, and 樓熹妍. "A Location Problem of Battery-Swapping Stations for Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/ns4u9r.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣大學
土木工程學研究所
105
Because of the global warming, governments in many countries replace fossil fuel with green energy. In Taiwan, greenhouse emission from transportation industry accounts for twenty-two percent of total air pollution. In order to reduce pollution, some country (city) governments will compensate for those users who switch from gasoline-fueled scooter to electric scooter. Therefore, there are more and more electric scooter users in Taiwan for recent years. The charging systems of electric scooter can be generally divided into two; one is charging batteries and the other is swapping batteries. The former means that users charge their own batteries and the latter users swap the low power battery with high one. Batteries swapping system can be defined as a process that users exchange a lower power battery for higher one at the specific location, swapping batteries station. Due to the special design swapping batteries station, electric vehicle system can extend the battery Life-cycle and collect the Driving Behavior data. Thus, batteries swapping system has become the main service for electric scooter users to charge energy. The topic of this research is to decide the location of batteries swapping stations which considering batteries activity (charging or staying full capacity) at swapping station and batteries activity at user side (consuming or waiting for battery). The problem is formulated as a stochastic programming problem. The objective of this paper is to minimize the total expected cost of station installation cost and the user swapping inconvenience.
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Ling-ChiaTseng and 曾令佳. "A Study of Willingness to Pay for Charging Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38h32m.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立成功大學
交通管理科學系
106
In Taiwan, electric scooters have become the focal point of the new transportation mode and Industrial Technology Research Institute (ITRI) recently has started to research and develop fast-charging electric scooters. We add this type of electric scooter into charging electric scooter to discuss. Hope that the sales volume of charging electric scooters can increase after improving the current problems of electric scooters and making a practicable price. In the questionnaire, we provide 6 situations of charging electric scooters. Each situation is endurance of 30km and charging time of 4 hours, endurance of 30km and charging time of 1 hour, endurance of 30km and charging time of 20 minutes, endurance of 60km and charging time of 4 hours, endurance of 60km and charging time of 1 hour, and endurance of 30km and charging time of 20 minutes. This study applies the contingent valuation method (CVM) to analyze the willingness to pay for charging electric scooters. The result shows that the willingness to pay for each situation is about NT$36,015, NT$45,438, NT$55,022, NT$49,387, NT$56,963, NT$66,035. The result also shows that the endurance and the charging time are both significantly affect the willingness to pay for charging electric scooters.
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Wu, Yuan-Fu, and 吳源福. "A Study of Auxiliary Solar Power System for Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72489036559758047367.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立屏東科技大學
機械工程系所
98
This research tests a auxiliary power system using mono-crystalline solar cells and determines its efficiency for electric scooters. Facilities of these tests include an electrical scooter with a 24V/715W D.C motor, two mono-crystalline photovoltaic plates with 40W in series and a set of solar charge controller. The tests were done in Kaohsiung Motor Vehicles Office because road conditions around the office are good and generally only light traffic on these road. In addition, driving around the office is 900 meters long. tests can be divided into two parts: one is continually driving and the other is every-5- minute driving. Both speeds are at 10km/h. The test is to measure the distance of the electrical scooter with and without the solar cell. The result showed that the driving efficiency of the electrical scooter with solar cells. The average driving distance could increase 52% and the longest driving distance could reach 79%. It may achieve the goal of environment protection by reducing the requirement of battery charging.
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Li, Hong-Wei, and 李汯緯. "System Design and Experimental Verification of Air/Electric Hybrid Scooters." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01357116126850261658.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣師範大學
工業教育學系
102
This research mainly designs a hybrid power scooter system which uses an air motor to conbined with electric vehicle in order to increase cruising mileage and acceleration performance. A chassis dynamometer was employed for the performance assessment and benefiit analysis. First, an experimental platform was established for assessment of the innovation. System elements include an air motor, a proportional valve set, a magnetic powder brakes and sensors like: torque sensors, speed sensors and air flow meters. The air flows and torques can be measured by varying the air motor pressure within 4-8 kg/cm2; and the proportional-valve voltage within 3.2-4.7 V. Next, by the simulation software package: Matlab/Simulink, the dynamics of air motor and electric scooter system/subsystems have been modeled. The power distribution control has been designed as well. A commercialized electric scooter was equipped with an air motor. For the mechanical designs, the reduction gear ratio was set to be 12:40. For the mechatronics, the control strategy was coded into a rapid-prototyping controller, and the electric circuit was re-designed. By the scooter chassis dynamometer, the pure electric mode, pure air mode and hybrid power mode III can be tested under the step response and the ECE40 driving cycle scenarios. The performance and benefit evaluation of the hybrid air/electric scooter can be conducted. Results show that: for the steady test, the air-power assist can decrease the electric power from the battery effectively. Simulation results show that the dynamics of the model of the air/electric light-duty vehicle was similar to that of the real vehicle. For the energy consumption analysis, hybrid mode saves 3-times electric energy consumption compared to the pure electric mode. Traveling mileage of 85 km can be achieved when 1kW-h power was provided. This results demonstrates that the air/electric hybrid scooter can effectively reduce the high-power electric output, and can extend the mileage as well as rise the acceleration performance.
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Hung, Chi-Ren, and 洪啟仁. "Development and Application of Power Converters for Hybrid Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98759261991615515354.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
電機工程所
96
The main purpose of this thesis is to develop hybrid electric scooter dc-dc power converters and engine ignition system. Because the hybrid electric scooter will operate under different road conditions which will cause battery output voltage change, it needs a power converter to regulate output voltage for driving the con-trol circuit and lighting equipment. Additionally, when the hybrid electric scooter drives at high speed, engine will provide power and it needs an ignition system for regular engine operation. In this thesis, the dc power converters use buck converter as the basic topology, and it is associated with a lossless snubber or synchronous rectifier to regulate output voltage. Additionally, the engine ignition system adopts a flyback converter with a capacitor discharge ignition circuit. In the thesis, per-formance comparison between the proposed ignition system and the traditional ca-pacitor discharge igniter is presented. Finally, implementation of dc power con-verters and an engine ignition system for assessing the efficiency and performance of the scooter has been conducted, which can verify the feasibility of the dc-dc converters and the engine ignition system.
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"Robotic riding mechanism for segway personal transporter." 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5896621.
Full textAbstract:
Wong, Sheung Man.Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 63-64).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
摘要 --- p.iii
Acknowledgements --- p.iv
List of figures --- p.V
Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 1.1. --- Segway Personal Transporter (PT) --- p.1
Chapter 1.2. --- Existing research using Segway Robotic Mobility Platform´ёØ (RMP) --- p.3
Chapter 1.3. --- The ICSL Segway Rider --- p.9
Chapter 1.4. --- Thesis outlines --- p.10
Chapter Chapter 2 --- ICSL Segway Rider --- p.11
Chapter 2.1. --- Design concept --- p.11
Chapter 2.2. --- Design overview --- p.12
Chapter 2.3. --- Actuating components --- p.14
Chapter 2.4. --- Electronic and sensing components --- p.24
Chapter 2.5. --- Software development of Segway Rider --- p.28
Chapter 2.6. --- Chapter summary --- p.31
Chapter Chapter 3 --- The grand challenge --- p.32
Chapter 3.1. --- Objective --- p.32
Chapter 3.2. --- Experiment --- p.33
Chapter 3.3. --- Running lane tracking by computer vision --- p.34
Chapter 3.3.1. --- Color space conversion --- p.36
Chapter 3.3.2. --- Apply binary threshold --- p.37
Chapter 3.3.3. --- Edge detection --- p.41
Chapter 3.3.4. --- Hough transform --- p.46
Chapter 3.3.5. --- Line analysis --- p.49
Chapter 3.4. --- Chapter summary --- p.51
Chapter Chapter 4 --- Stand and stay --- p.52
Chapter 4.1. --- Introduction --- p.52
Chapter 4.2. --- Box matching method --- p.53
Chapter 4.3. --- Image processing steps --- p.55
Chapter 4.4. --- Experiment --- p.58
Chapter 4.5. --- Chapter summary --- p.60
Chapter Chapter 5 --- Conclusion and future works --- p.61
Chapter 5.1. --- Contributions --- p.61
Chapter 5.2. --- Future works --- p.62
Bibliography --- p.63
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Wu, Jun-Jie, and 吳俊杰. "Study on Control System of Battery Exchange Station for Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/62um8v.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
電機工程系博碩士班
103
The main purpose of these is to analyze control system of battery exchange station for Electric Scooters. And we can analyze and plan the cranes’ logical operation by establishing table. Then we use the Dijkstra's algorithm to find the best path. In addition, using RFID establish to prepayment systems of battery exchange station for Electric Scooters. NXP Mifare cards are used for payment cards. And the information of cards is divided into 3 categories, including remaining balance, cardholder information, battery information. Finally, the monitoring system of battery exchange station for Electric Scooters is build. The system is conncected with PLC and RFID’s reader by using internet. The information will display on the monitor, and stored the information in ACCESS database. The user can monitor the information on the monitoring system.
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Khairunnisa, Hasna, and 哈璱那. "Location and Allocation Optimization for Battery Station System of Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fdrw2v.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立臺灣科技大學
工業管理系
103
As the world’s population grows, air pollution and transportation are important issues to be considered in developing a city sustainable plan. Scooters are one of causes of air pollution in the city because they produces unhealthy air quality for the citizens. In order to deal with the air pollution problem, the use of electric scooter can answer it by providing a convenient, clean, and cost effective mode of personal transportation. This paper presents an electric scooter battery swap station location and allocation problem by designing a three-echelon supply chain network under demand uncertainty, representing battery suppliers, battery stations, and marketplaces. We develop a two-stage stochastic programming model to locate a number of stations in a finite set of potential sites, then assigning task between supplier, stations, and marketplaces, then the genetic algorithm is proposed to solve it. The objective is to design the system of electric scooter station in an area, in order to find the best location in that area where the station should be located. The battery station system of electric scooters also includes the battery allocation between the system networks, which are the suppliers, station, and marketplace. Performance evaluation of the algorithm to solve the propose model was conducted by comparing three methods, genetic algorithm with linear programming, genetic algorithm with greedy heuristic, and revised ant algorithm with greedy heuristic. Sensitivity analysis is also conducted to evaluate the algorithm efficiency by using fractional factorial design. Finally the problem related parameter sensitivity is performed to test the result under different parameter value and different demand variance.
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YEH, PEI-YI, and 葉沛珆. "The Approach of Decision Making of Electric Scooters Purchasing - Gogoro Study." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/p5v4p5.
Full textAbstract:
碩士康寧大學
企業管理研究所
107
Electric scooter has been more and more popular after Gogoro launched, the amount of sales has a significant increase which leads a trend of replacement from the traditional scooter. Although the sales performance has been increasing lately, it still has many concerns for customers. This study is going to understand the factors which would lead the positive purchase intention, in order to standardize a criterion for companies who’s in this field. The main purpose of this paper is focusing on understanding the purchase intention of electric scooter, the four affected dimensions are environmental concern, the types of product, price and convenience, there are 15 criteria within these four factors, according to literature review and questionnaire design. Quantity research is the main method in this study, the focus groups are the people who familiar with electric scooter, including experts, shop’s owners, scholars and customers. DEMATEL would be used to analyse the connection between criteria and dimensions.
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Hung, Chen-Chieh, and 洪振傑. "Development of Hub Motor Drive and On-Road Verification for PGO Electrical Scooters." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16895846624698577900.
Full textAbstract:
碩士大葉大學
機械與自動化工程學系
98
In recent years, as the environmental protection cost has risen and global warming, it is important to slow down the environment from pollution. How to cherish the earth has become the main topic of discussions. In Taiwan, motorcycle density is among the top countries in the world, environmental pollution results in serious. For that reason, it has low pollution, low noise and energy saving of the green transportation-electrical scooters becoming the rising stars. This study used a PGO's electrical scooter, named E-BUBU, as the main test vehicle. The electrical scooter is configured with two hub motors. Electric control system used by digital signal processor（DSP）as a control core. The hardware circuit units including the isolation circuit, the driver circuit, the power module and the protection circuit. By using development and integration of software and hardware, a hub motor drive is developed successfully in the thesis. After the drive design to complete, an electrical scooter platform testing and on-road verification is also established. On-road verification includes flat-road testing and slope testing. According to the results, it shown this study developed hub motor drive can really meet the electrical scooter's riding demand.
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YU, CHIH-LIN, and 余治霖. "Design and implementation of a switched reluctance motor drivefor the electrical mobility scooters." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17656527131261794154.
Full textAbstract:
碩士東南科技大學
電機工程研究所
98
Design and implementation of a switched reluctance motor drive for the electrical mobility scooters Student：CHIH-LIN YU Advisors：MING-TSAN LIN Graduate School of Technology for Electrical Engineering Tung Nan University Abstract Abstract This thesis studies the implementation of a switched reluctance motor drive for the electrical mobility scooters. The thesis proposed a modified split dc supply converter. A diode is connected in serial with each battery of the converter. And the super capacitors are connected in parallel with the original capacitor to improve the charging capacity for the retrieved energy. Moreover, the problems of the over voltage and unbalanced voltages of the capacitors are solved by using the super capacitors. Because the retrieved currents of the windings will not recharge batteries, the number of charge/discharge cycles is reduced and the battery life is longer. Next, the thesis implemented a full digital drive system by using a 32bit digital signal processor (DSP). The electrical commutation, current and speed closed loop controllers are realized by the DSP. Furthermore, the switched reluctance drive is applied to an electric mobility scooter and the maximum speed of the scooter is 10km/hr. Finally, some simulation and experimental results validate the exactitude and the practicability of the proposed control method. Keywords: fully digital drive, switched reluctance motor,split dc-link converter.
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FANG, SZU-YU, and 方思予. "Study of Electric Scooters Shared Service’s Key Factors and Big Data Analysis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78r8c6.
Full textAbstract:
碩士國立中正大學
會計與資訊科技研究所
106
With the advent of the new economic era, the application of big data analysis has gradually become the trend of the times. In the new economy, the sharing service, which has been flourished development with the recent economic depression, has received the most attention. Although coordinating with current information technology and data analysis technology, the scope of the sharing service has been extended to the food, clothing, housing, traveling, education and music levels to bring a new and convenient lifestyle to the public, there is still lack of understanding of the shared service operating. Therefore, the problems that may be faced have not been comprehensively considered, there are many successful shared service operating cases, also many failure cases. At the same time, existing laws and related regulations are gradually difficult to cope with such different operating models, so this study is expected to explore the meaning of shared services. The connotation of the service operation mode, combined with the sharing service plan of electric scooters that the researchers participated in, proposed the electric scooters shared service’s key factors, and used big data analysis as an auxiliary mechanism for the operation of the project and spread to other fields. This study follows the concept of action research, participates in the electric scooters’ sharing service plan of National Chung Cheng University, and proposes a practical improvement policy based on this, or obtains a solution to the problem. First of all, through the literature to explore the meaning of the shared service model, and then focus on the electric scooters, further summarize the key factors of the sharing service model of electric scooters’. In the form of Delphi expert questionnaire, invite industry, official, and academic experts put forward their views and verified the 7 facets and 29 key factors of electric scooters’ sharing service model. The construction of this model not only enhances academic value, but also provides direction for the plan, so that it can be referenced and improved operational content. In addition, this study also analyzes the data obtained from the trial operation. Besides the user's immediate feedback in the communication software group and the satisfaction questionnaire issued, the data analysis of various types of digital data is also carried out to explore the problems and operational status that cannot be directly observed on the surface. By summarizing the problems faced, we will revalidate the importance of the proposed key factors and assist in the future formal operations.
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Pin-ChiSu and 蘇品綺. "Green consumption behavior: switching intention toward electric scooters with Behavioral Reasoning Theory." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67300576989089369157.
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Wu, I.-Hsuan, and 吳易軒. "Key Factors that Influence Consumer Decision to Purchase Electric Scooters At Penghu." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/fyb8s3.
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碩士國立澎湖科技大學
服務業經營管理研究所
100
To reduce emissions of the greenhouse gas and fossil fuel consumption, in 2011 Taiwan’s government initiated its low-carbon island plan. Penghu Island, located off the coast of Taiwan with abundant natural resources, such as a good wind field, was selected in order as an example of a low-carbon island. Due to the significant emissions from the transportation sector, green transportation was an important part of the plan. Therefore, many marketing and promotional activities were undertaken to increase the use of electric scooter to replace conventional vehicles. However, the number of the electric scooter sales was still below expectation, and thus it is important to identify the key factors that influence consumers to purchase these vehicles. The study derived twenty variables that influence the decision to buy an electric scooter based on a literature review, and interviews with distributors and customers. According to marketing 4P: product strategy, pricing strategy, place strategy, promotion strategy and add in government strategy, a hierarchical structure was established. The weighting of the variables and the relationships among them were obtained by using the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) and the Decision Making Trial and Evaluation Laboratory (DEMATEL). The results show that product maintenance is the most important variable, with vehicle’s price is the second. Compared with each other strategy, government strategy is the main factor that influence consumer intention to purchase electric scooter, and meanwhile the positive effects to comsumer purching intention from the other strategies can also be enhanced by the government strategy. Therefore, future marketing strategies for electric scooters should highlight government strategy, and promotional efforts should focus on purchasing subsides and the location of recharging stations.
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ThanhAnh, Huynh, and 黃成影. "Design of an Interior Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor for Electric Scooter Application." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c55srr.
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碩士國立成功大學
系統及船舶機電工程學系
102
This thesis presents the design of an interior permanent magnet synchronous motor (IPMSM) for electric scooter (ES) application. The required ES can cruise for an average distance 100 km at 50 km/h or 60 km at 80 km/h in one charging time. Therefore, the ES requires a traction motor possessing high-power density, high efficiency, wide operating range and cost-effective. For these purposes, an IPMSM is designed and analyzed. Firstly, the dynamics behavior of ES is investigated. From this, the specifications of the electric motor such as torque, speed and power can be defined. Secondly, the IPMSM will be analyzed and designed using magnetic circuit model such that the saliency ratio can be improved for more reluctance torque. Different rotor structures are compared, such as single magnet layer type, multi-magnet layer type, and V-shape magnets type. The results are also compared with surface mounted permanent magnet type. Finally, all of the design cases are compared to determine the most suitable IPMSM for electric scooters. The design results are evaluated using finite element analysis.
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Weng, Gang-Hung, and 翁綱鴻. "Arrangement of Battery Exchange Station for Electric Scooters – A Case Study of Gogoro." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/j3489c.
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碩士國立中央大學
工業管理研究所
104
As the global population and economic power are mounting, the users of automobiles and motorbikes have been on the rise in recent years, too. This trend not only leads traffic congestion in urban areas, but also causes corruption and huge energy consumption. Given Taiwan’s relatively small territory and the absence of natural resources, how to enhance en-ergy utility and how to trim the excessive emission of exhaust have become the vital issues awaiting governmental attention. In recent decades, the authority has emphasized on man-agement of self-owned vehicles. Especially, boosting the policies and strategies of electronic motorbikes. This dissertation mainly focuses on property is electronic motorbikes “Gogoro”. The company fledgling electric motorbike manufacturer is the forerunner of “Smartscooter”. Attention on the company’s signature recharging strategy, battery exchange strategy. Com-bining the low-carbon land project conducted in Penghu to build the basis of simulation. Under the premise of achieving low carbon emissions and encouraging green travel in Penghu, this study takes into account Gogoro users’ need for regular recharging demand with the battery exchange station establishing constrain, and attempts to arrive at an accu-rate estimate of spare batteries to meet the expectation regarding efficient service level. We hope that this dissertation will serve as a useful reference for policy makers when it comes to installing future recharging stations. In this study, we discuss that the number of spare bat-teries can provide how many service level of battery exchange station. First, we use British bike share system’s customer arrival rate to create demand and build the simulation system. Customer routes and site locations are both known. With these assumption, we discuss how many spare batteries should be placed at each location and what kind of service level can be provided. The statistical analysis shows increasing the number of spare batteries can reduce a customer’s average waiting time and their total time in the system. This system identifies the important recharging station as the main target improvement. After revising the system’s parameter, the recharging station can have the better performance when customers try to re-place the battery. We also hope that the results of this study will provide useful information for local re-lated industries, academic institutions, and other electronic motorbike manufacturers.
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CHEN, SIN-LI, and 陳信利. "Design and Implementation Wireless Charging for Hybrid Energy Storage System on Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76631877575526406449.
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碩士國立臺南大學
綠色能源科技學系碩士班
104
A hybrid energy storage system (HESS) with battery and super capacitor (SC) is presented in this paper. The electric scooter has the demands of high-performance charging/discharging. The SC can cover the requirement of quick charging and rapid high-power output, and provide the convenient and safe charging. The scooter is charged by the wireless power transfer (WPT) in this paper. The HESS, detects the state of charge (SoC) of the battery and SC, manages charging/discharging modes via the distribution of the electrical power. The proposed system can reach the requirement of quick charging and high current output demand. The HESS with SC can make the scooter operate in the high-power load conditions. A power converter switching method is applied to prevent the battery from operating in damaged charging/discharging condition. The result of this experiment shows the effects of energy management and the distribution of the load ratio. The proposed HESS can reduce the time of the charging and improve the energy efficiency.
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Lin, Siang-Yi, and 林鄉邑. "Using Artificial Intelligence Approaches for the Location of Charging Stations of Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/3ym3ux.
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碩士國立虎尾科技大學
工業工程與管理研究所
101
The global economy grows, and the household incomes increase rapidly in recent years. To make lives more convenient, the demand of vehicles, such as automobiles and motorcycles, increases accordingly, which results in the serious pollution of carbon dioxide. As global warming worsening, cutting down the production of carbon dioxide has become a global-emphasized issue. This paper investigates the location problem of charging stations for electric scooters by multi-phase funds. Its main purpose is to minimize the distance of people and the charging stations by applying multi-phase limited funds in a specific area such that people can be more convenient to reach a charging station nearby. Two kinds of artificial intelligence algorithm, including immune algorithm(IA) and genetic algorithm(GA), are applied for finding out possible locations to set charging stations in this research; then, determine whether or not to settle them by multi-phase funds. An example of Tanzih area in Taichung is experimented. With limited funds and phases of the stations’ establishment, we try to find the best location for the charging stations by minimizing the largest distance among people in the nodes of the area and dividing the scopes of services of every charging station. Numerical results show that the applied IA can solve the location problem of charging stations of electric scooters more effectively than GA.
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HSIEH, CHUNG-CHENG, and 謝忠呈. "An Empirical Study on Consumers’ Preference Structure and Market Segmentation for Electric Scooters." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/16111090248455315801.
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碩士國立中正大學
企業管理系研究所
104
Technological progress and information explosion urge firms to keep launching new products. Continuous innovation is the only way to meet or even change consumers’ demand. In recent years, there have been many changes in Taiwan’s electric scooter industry, and it devotes energy to the market. In terms of the viewpoints from global trends, industry development, environment and energy issues, electric scooters are truly vital for Taiwan. Therefore, grasping the consumers’ preference and effectively market segmentation can not only eliminate information asymmetry between suppliers and buyers but also be quite helpful for market development. The study chose high-potential consumers from different areas as research target, and then utilized conjoint analysis to clearly understand consumers’ preference for purchasing electric scooters. The product attributes consumers mainly consider include brand, vehicle level, support services, innovative function and style of electric scooters. Besides, consumers were clustered into three groups successfully. Furthermore, a prediction model was constructed for predicting consumers’ preference structure through background variables. In addition, some of statistics methods were conducted for analysis and depicted characteristics of consumers in specific segments. Finally, according to the analysis results, firms will be provided with suggestions on product design and marketing management.
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Canhestro, Pedro Miguel Sobral. "Shared Electric Scooters : how this new mobility offer is being addressed in Lisbon." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/29160.
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The mobility market has constantly been exposed to innovation, and shared mobility solutions are becoming increasingly viable. The new offer of shared electric scooters has joined current offers such as bike-sharing or car-sharing, and quickly spread throughout the city of Lisbon, with a growing number of companies entering the market. This study aims to understand how this new mobility offer is being addressed in Lisbon, providing an overview of the service through the identification of the main characteristics of the users, the main drivers for using the service and the main barriers that may exist.
Two methodologies were used - semi-structured interviews (12 participants) and an online survey (127 participants). The results show that the service seems to be more attractive to young adults, digital economy participants, people who value innovation and sustainability when choosing a mode of transport, and people who seek to save time on travel. The service is also considered enjoyable and as a way to spend pleasant moments. It is seen mostly as a way of complementing other means of transport and for short distances and not as a primary mode of transport. Being the main barriers: the price, since people consider that the service becomes expensive if it is used on a regular basis, the city's infrastructures, which people consider are not completely prepared for the effective use of the service, and the lack control of inappropriate parking of the scooters, causing dissatisfaction to users and non-users.O mercado da mobilidade tem sido constantemente exposto a inovação e as soluções de mobilidade partilhada estão a tornar-se cada vez mais viáveis. A nova oferta de trotinetes elétricas partilhadas juntou-se a ofertas já existentes como bike-sharing ou car-sharing, e rapidamente espalhou-se por Lisboa, com um número crescente de empresas a entrar no mercado. O objetivo deste estudo é perceber de que forma esta nova oferta de mobilidade está a ser abordada em Lisboa, fornecendo uma visão geral do serviço através da identificação das principais caraterísticas dos utilizadores, dos fatores que impulsionam a utilização e das principais barreiras que podem existir. Para tal, foram utilizadas duas metodologias – entrevistas semiestruturadas (12 participantes) e um questionário online (127 participantes). Os resultados revelam que o serviço parece ser especialmente atrativo para jovens adultos, participantes da economia digital, pessoas que valorizam inovação e sustentabilidade num meio de transporte e pessoas com procuram poupar tempo. O serviço é também considerado divertido e como uma forma de passar momentos agradáveis. É visto essencialmente como uma forma de complementar outros meios de transporte e para curtas distâncias e não como um meio de transporte principal. Sendo as principais barreiras: o preço, uma vez que as pessoas consideram que o serviço se torna caro se for usado de forma recorrente, as infraestruturas da cidade, que as pessoas consideram que não estão completamente preparadas para o uso efetivo do serviço, e a falta de controlo no estacionamento inapropriado das trotinetes, que provoca descontentamento a utilizadores e não utilizadores.