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Jacobsson, Katharina. "Processer och motorer i lokalt skolförbättringsarbete." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för pedagogiska studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-48175.
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In the last decades there has been a growing interest in studying processes in improvement work. A particular interest has been the improvement process that the organisation undergoes and why events evolve in the way they do. By better understanding improvement processes and identifying supporting and hindering forces, the possibilities successfully to plan and implement improvement work in a systematic way increases. The focus of this thesis is organisation processes in schools and the relations that hold between planned and emergent improvement, when using a research-based strategy. The aim of the study is to describe and understand how processes are initiated, developed and completed when using a strategy called ‘Scope for Action Model’(frirumsstrategin). The empirical material of the study was organised and analysed according to Van de Ven’s and Poole’s four ideal types for process studies. Within each type, motors have been identified, which contain generative mechanisms that are a key to how actions, events and activities emerge and are driven forward. The results of the study show that the emergent initiatives are more frequent than the planned ones and that they are more likely to generate an improvement – in the study defined as something new in the organisation. However, on several occasions the planned improvement work inspires emergent initiatives for improvement and in some cases seems to be a fundamental condition for their existence. The different motors, which in the analysis are seen as driving forces, support or challenge each other, making the process develop and produce a result. The study shows that the participants reshape the strategy to make it fit into the organisation of the school. The results also show that teachers and principals have to be well-informed of how to work with a strategy in a practical and constructive way. They have to be able to translate crucial moments in the strategy to stimulate the participants to creative actions. The strategy for school improvement is not shown to be a solution which itself can create improvement, but in combination with the participant’s creative goal settings it can be a contributory factor.Denna avhandling riktar intresset mot skolförbättring och de processer som uppstår när en planerad förändring genomförs på skolor med stöd av en forskningsbaserad strategi. Syftet med avhandlingen är att beskriva och förstå hur dessa processer - i arbetet med frirumsstrategin - initieras, fortlöper och avslutas. Studien visar att det finns relationer mellan planerade och framväxande processer. De framväxande processerna är mest frekventa och har sin grund i deltagarnas egna målformuleringar. De förmår skapa utveckling i skolverksamheterna, något de planerade processerna inte lyckas med. Det planerade förbättringsarbetet tycks bidra genom att vara en inspirationskälla eller i vissa fall en förutsättning för de framväxande initiativ som tas av deltagare från olika delar av organisationen. Studien pekar på att en strategi kan vara igångsättare av förbättringsarbete och utgöra en grund för skolor att utgå från. Av resultatet framgår att det är viktigt att rektorer och lärare har goda kunskaper om förbättringsarbetets processer för att kunna använda strategin på ett konstruktivt sätt. Genom att ha insikt i vilka mekanismer som påverkar processer kan ett förbättringsarbete ledas medvetet samt tillåtas innehålla både de konflikter och den samstämmighet som kan bidra till att utveckling sker.
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Davidson, Charles Nelson. "Surface action group defense model." Master's thesis, This resource online, 1993. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-05042010-020023/.
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Joseph, Abdul Wahid. "Prospects for the reform of District Municipalities: the scope for manoeuvre." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2012. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_4515_1370947645.
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Hansen, Sorren Lund. "Scope for Activity, Specific Dynamic Action and Growth in Early Juvenile Stages of Atlantic Cod, Gadus morhua." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2003. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/HansenSL2003.pdf.
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Ashie, Christina Anne. "Model minority mothering: biculturalism in action." Texas A&M University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/85907.
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This thesis traces the immigration of "model minority" mothers: Chinese,
Japanese, and Korean, from their home countries to the United States. It examines the
reasons women immigrate to the United States, the situations into which they immigrate,
and the ways that they adapt traditional East Asian modes of mothering and child rearing
techniques to life in the United States. This thesis finds that Chinese, Japanese, and
Korean women emigrate to the United States primarily under the direction of male
figures of authority. Motivators of their emigration include leaving poverty and war in
their own countries, joining husbands or potential husbands in the United States, hoping
to escape the cultural restrictions of their home countries, or becoming prostitutes. As
these women make their own way in the United States, they find themselves
encountering immense cultural difficulties, not the least of which is the alteration of their
role as mothers as they try to raise their children in an entirely new cultural context.
Despite the hopes of many of these women, what they find in the United States is not a
life of leisure and wealth; rather, they are forced into positions in which they must work
for long hours outside the home to provide economically for their families as well as
raise their children and care for the home. This thesis finds that memoirs, novels, biographies, autobiographies, narratives, historical accounts, and sociological data
highlight several major areas of adaptation for these women including: the differences in
these women's sense of community in America, their expectations of the educational
system in the United States, the reversal of power in the use of language between mother
and daughter, and the complex measures of adaptation to and rejection of U.S. cultural
norms that mothers must implement while raising their children. Rather than being
crushed by the labor that they must perform and the cultural adaptations that they must
make, these women willingly sacrifice their lives to build a base upon which their
children can succeed through the attainment of higher education leading toward upward
mobility.
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Ramadan, Walaa M. "The oocyte activation factor, phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) : potential mechanisms of action and scope for human infertility treatment." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:70fc8ed0-f9dc-4686-b728-2d473324209b.
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It is widely believed that the sperm-specific protein phospholipase C zeta (PLCζ) is released into the oocyte upon fusion and initiates calcium (Ca2+) oscillations which regulate oocyte activation. Reduced amounts, abnormal localisation patterns, and aberrant forms of PLCζ underlie certain types of male-factor infertility, prompting significant interest in the use of this fundamental protein as a clinical therapeutic agent or diagnostic marker. This thesis systematically addressed a range of outstanding questions relating to the expression, localisation, and therapeutic/diagnostic application of PLCζ. Using immunohistochemical and quantitative immunofluorescence techniques, the current study investigated the effect of paternal age and epididymal maturation upon PLCζ expression and localisation in mouse sperm. Neither age nor epididymal maturity exhibited significant effect upon the total level of PLCζ in mouse sperm, although there was a significant trend towards post-acrosomal localisation as sperm matured during transit in the epididymis. Immunohistochemical analysis of mouse testis showed that the expression of PLCζ first appeared at the roundspermatid stage of spermatogenesis. Paternal age did not influence total levels of PLCζ expression or localisation pattern in human sperm samples (n=29), with PLCζ being predominantly localised to the post-acrosomal region. A significant reduction (34%) was detected in the proportion of sperm exhibiting PLCζ from an oocyte-activation deficient patient compared with fertile controls. Novel immunohistochemical analyses suggested, for the first time, that PLCζ is first expressed from the round spermatid stage in humans, and that the analysis of PLCζ expression in human testicular biopsies (n=29) may provide credible indication of the oocyte activation ability of surgically-retrieved sperm samples from infertile patients. Initial data also suggest that flow cytometry may serve as a useful prognostic/diagnostic tool for the quantitative analyses of PLCζ expression in human sperm samples. Mammalian and bacterial expression systems were utilised to generate recombinant human PLCζ protein as a therapeutic agent and for the generation of a novel monoclonal anti-PLCζ antibody respectively. Expression studies using HEK293T cells demonstrated that human PLCζ appeared to localise to the endoplasmic reticulum and that the EF hand domain appeared to be involved in regulating this pattern of localisation. Collectively, these studies extend our fundamental knowledge of how PLCζ is expressed in developing sperm and assist in the translation of PLCζ as a clinical therapeutic and diagnostic biomarker for oocyte activation ability.
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Hirschkorn, Martin C. "Dynamic Model of a Piano Action Mechanism." Thesis, University of Waterloo, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10012/877.
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While some attempts have been made to model the behaviour of the grand piano action (the mechanism that translates a key press into a hammer striking a string), most researchers have reduced the system to a simple model with little relation to the components of a real action. While such models are useful for certain applications, they are not appropriate as design tools for piano makers, since the model parameters have little physical meaning and must be calibrated from the behaviour of a real action. A new model for a piano action is proposed in this thesis. The model treats each of the five main action components (key, whippen, jack, repetition lever, and hammer) as a rigid body. The action model also incorporates a contact model to determine the normal and friction forces at 13 locations between each of the contacting bodies. All parameters in the model are directly measured from the physical properties of individual action components, allowing the model to be used as a prototyping tool for actions that have not yet been built. To test whether the model can accurately predict the behaviour of a piano action, an experimental apparatus was built. Based around a keyboard from a Boston grand piano, the apparatus uses an electric motor to actuate the key, a load cell to measure applied force, and optical encoders and a high speed video camera to measure the positions of the bodies. The apparatus was found to produce highly repeatable, reliable measurements of the action. The behaviour of the action model was compared to the measurements from the experimental apparatus for several types of key blows from a pianist. A qualitative comparison showed that the model could very accurately reproduce the behaviour of a real action for high force blows. When the forces were lower, the behaviour of the action model was still reasonable, but some discrepancy from the experimental results could be seen. In order to reduce the discrepancy, it was recommended that certain improvements could be made to the action model. Rigid bodies, most importantly the key and hammer, should be replaced with flexible bodies. The normal contact model should be modified to account for the speed-independent behaviour of felt compression. Felt bushings that are modelled as perfect revolute joints should instead be modelled as flexible contact surfaces.
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Chakraborty, Bhaskar. "Model free approach towards human action recognition." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/117657.
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La comprensio automatica de les accions humanes observades en sequencies d'imatges es molt important en el
area de recerca de la Vision per Computador, amb aplicacions a gran escala en la vigilancia de video,
analisi del moviment huma, interficies de realitat virtual, robots de navegacio, aixi com per al reconeixement,
indexacio, i recuperacio de video. Aquesta tesi presenta una serie de tecniques per resoldre el problema del reconeixement
de les accions humanes en video. El nostre primer enfocament cap a aquesta tema es basa en la optimitzacio d'un model
probabilistic de les parts del cos utilitzant una Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Aquest enfocament es basa en un strong model,
capac de distingir entre accions similars considerant nomes les parts del cos que tenen les majors
aportacions en la realitzacio de certes accions, per exemple en cames per caminar i correr, o en bracos per a accions
com boxa i aplaudir. El nostre seguent enfocament es basa en l'observacio de que el reconeixement d'accions es pot
realitzar usant nomes informacio visual, ii la postura humana desenvolupada durant una accio, analitzant la la informacio
d'uns quants frames en lloc d'examinar la sequencia completa. En aquest metode, les accions es representen mitjançant un
model Bag-of-key-poses per poder capturar la variacio de la postura humana durant el desenvolupament d'una accio.
Per fer front al problema del reconeixement de l'accio en escenes complexes, tot seguit es proposa una aproximacio model free
basada en l'analisi de punts d'interes espai-temporals (STIPs) que disposen de molta informacio local. Amb aquesta finalitat,
s'ha desenvolupat un nou detector de STIPs que es basa en el mecanisme de inhibicio del camp receptiu utilitzat en l'escorça
primaria, en particular en l'orientacio selectiva visual de les neurones. A mes, hem estes el nostre reconeixement d'accions
basat en STIPs selectius a sistemes multi-camera. En aquest cas, els STIPs selectius de cada punt de vista es combinen mitjançant
les dades 3D reconstruïts per formar STIPs selectius 4D (espai 3D + temps).
A la part final d'aquesta tesi, ens dediquem al reconeixement continu d'esdeveniments visuals (CVER) en bases de dades de
videos de seguretat enormes, amb un gran conjunt de dades. Aquest problema es extremadament difícil a causa de l'alta escalabilitat
de les dades, a les dificultats de l'entorn real en que es aplcia ja una variabilitat en escena molt ampli. Per abordar aquests
problemes, les regions en moviment son detectades a partir d'una tecnica anomenada max margin generalized Hough transformation,
que s'utilitza per aprendre aquella distribucio de característiques voltant d'una accio per reconeixer hipotesis que despres es
verifiquen per Bag-of-words mes un classificador lineal. Hem validat les nostres tecniques en diversos conjunts de dades de vídeo
vigilància que constitueixen l'estat de l'art actual en aquest tema. Els resultats obtinguts demostren que hem millorat la precisio
en la deteccio d'accions humanes en video.La comprension automatica de las acciones humanas observadas en secuencias de imagenes es muy importante en el area de investigacion de la Vision por Computador, con aplicaciones a gran escala en la vigilancia de video, analisis del movimiento humano, interfaces de realidad virtual, robots de navegacion, asi como para el reconocimiento, indexacion, y recuperacion de video. Esta tesis presenta una serie de tecnicas para resolver el problema del reconocimiento de las acciones humanas en video. Nuestro primer enfoque hacia esta tema se basa en la optimizacion de un modelo probabilístico de las partes del cuerpo utilizando una Hidden Markov Model (HMM). Este enfoque se basa en un strong model, capaz de distinguir entre acciones similares considerando solo las partes del cuerpo que tienen las mayores aportaciones en la realizacion de ciertas acciones, por ejemplo en piernas para caminar y correr, o en brazos para acciones como boxeo y aplaudir. Nuestro siguiente enfoque se basa en la observacion de que el reconocimiento de acciones se puede realizar usando solo informacion visual, i.e. la postura humana desarrollada durante una accion, analizando la la informacion de unos cuantos frames en lugar de examinar la secuencia completa. En este metodo, las acciones se representan mediante un modelo Bag-of-\textit{key-poses} para poder capturar la variaci\'{o}n de la postura humana durante el desarrollo de una accion. Para hacer frente al problema del reconocimiento de la accion en escenas complejas, a continuacion se propone una aproximacion model free basada en el analisis de puntos de interes espacio-temporales (STIPs) que disponen de mucha informacion local. Para este fin, se ha desarrollado un nuevo detector de STIPs que se basa en el mecanismo de inhibici\'{o}n del campo receptivo utilizado en la corteza primaria, en particular en la orientacion selectiva visual de las neuronas. Ademas, hemos extendido nuestro reconocimiento de acciones basado en STIPs selectivos a sistemas multi-camara. En este caso, los STIPs selectivos de cada punto de vista se combinan mediante los datos $3$D reconstruidos para formar STIPs selectivos 4D (espacio 3D + tiempo). En la parte final de esta tesis, nos dedicamos al reconocimiento continuo de eventos visuales (CVER) en bases de datos de videos de seguridad enormes, con un gran conjunto de datos. Este problema es extremadamente dificil debido a la alta escalabilidad de los datos, a las dificultades del entorno real en el que se aplcia y a una variabilidad en escena muy amplio. Para abordar estos problemas, las regiones en movimiento son detectadas a partir de una tecnica llamada max margin generalized Hough transformation, que se utiliza para aprender aquella distribucion de caracteristicas entorno a una accion para reconocer hipotesis que luego se verifican por Bag-of-words mas un clasificador lineal. Hemos validado nuestras tecnicas en varios conjuntos de datos de video vigilancia que constituyen el estado del arte actual en este tema. Los resultados obtenidos demuestran que hemos mejorado la precision en la deteccion de acciones humanas en video.
Automatic understanding of human activity and action is a very important and challenging research area of Computer Vision with wide scale applications in video surveillance, motion analysis, virtual reality interfaces, robot navigation and recognition, video indexing, content based video retrieval, HCI, health care, choreography and sports video analysis etc. This thesis presents a series of techniques to solve the problem of human action recognition in video. First approach towards this goal is based on the a probabilistic optimization model of body parts using hidden markov model (HMM). This strong model based approach is able to distinguish between similar actions by only considering the body parts having major contributions to the actions, for example legs for walking and jogging; arms for boxing and clapping. Next approach is based on the observation that the action recognition can be done using only the visual cue, i.e. human pose during the action, even with the information of few frames instead of examining the whole sequence. In this method, actions are represented by a Bag-of-key-poses model to capture the human pose variation during an action. To tackle the problem of recognizing the action in complex scenes, we propose a model free approach which is based on the Spatio-temporal interest point (STIP) and local feature. To this end, a novel STIP detector is proposed which uses a mechanism similar to that of the non-classical receptive field inhibition that is exhibited by most orientation selective neurons in the primary visual cortex. An extension of the selective STIP based action recognition is applied to the human action recognition in multi-camera system. In this case, selective STIPs from each camera view point are combined using the 3D reconstructed data, to form 4D STIPs [3D space + time] for multi-view action recognition. The concluding part of the thesis dedicates to the continuous visual event recognition (CVER) on large scale video dataset. This is an extremely challenging problem due to high scalability, diverse real environment state and wide scene variability. To address these issues, a motion region extraction technique is applied as a preprocessing step. A max-margin generalized Hough Transform framework is used to learn the feature vote distribution around the activity center to obtain an activity hypothesis which is verified by a Bag-of-words + SVM action recognition system. We validate our proposed approaches on several benchmark action recognition datasets as well as small scale and large scale activity recognition datasets. We obtain state-of-the results which shows a progressive improvement of our proposed techniques to solve human action and activity recognition in video.
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Zilhao, Antonio Jose Teiga. "Action, explanation and rationality." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288024.
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Melo, Andrés Felipe. "A state-action model for design process planning." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.619610.
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Thorin, Anders. "Non-smooth model of the grand piano action." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/docs/00/93/94/93/PDF/20140102_manuscript_PhD.pdf.
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Le mécanisme de la touche de piano à queue sert à propulser le marteau vers les cordes. Ce mécanisme permet au pianiste de contrôler avec précision la vitesse et l'instant d'impact du marteau sur la corde. Il est raisonnable de penser que c'est le comportement dynamique de la touche qui permet cette contrôlabilité. Avec pour perspective l'amélioration du rendu haptique des claviers numériques, cette thèse propose une méthode de simulation d'un modèle complet du mécanisme. Le son généré par la vibration qui suit l'impact du marteau sur les cordes n'entre pas dans le cadre de l'analyse. Des modèles du mécanisme comportant plusieurs degrés de liberté, des frottements et des contacts intermittents, ont été proposés depuis une quinzaine d'années. Notre approche se distingue de celles suivies jusqu'ici par un changement du point de vue adopté pour valider et pour simuler le modèle. En se fondant sur l'étude approfondie d'un modèle à un degré de liberté, il est en effet montré que la simulation d'un modèle dynamique complet doit se faire à l'aide d'un pilotage en déplacement, tandis que les travaux récents et anciens présentent des simulations pilotées en force. Une analyse des problèmes numériques liés aux discontinuités de vitesses survenant au sein du mécanisme durant l'enfoncement de la touche est présentée. Ils sont résolus par des méthodes de dynamique non-régulière implémentées dans le logiciel XDE. Les résultats sont présentés sous forme de comparaison avec les mesures expérimentales. La plupart des irrégularités des forces mesurées se retrouvent dans les forces simulées, en jeu piano comme en jeu forte. Les simulations rendent également bien compte de la cinématique de chaque élément du mécanisme. Une analyse de sensibilité du comportement dynamique aux paramètres du modèle est enfin exposéeThe grand piano action aims at propelling the hammer up to the strings. This mechanism provides the pianist with a high-controllability of the time of impact of the hammer with the strings and the hammer's velocity at the impact. This controllability is believed to be due to the dynamic behaviour of the piano action. The present thesis proposes a simulation method of a complete model of the mechanism, which opens doors to improvements of the haptic rendering of digital keyboards. The sound following the impact of the hammer on the strings is not analysed. In the last fifteen years, various models of the piano action including several degrees of freedom, friction and intermittent contacts, have been proposed. Our approach differs from existing work in that it is based on a new viewpoint for model validation and simulation. Indeed, using a in-depth study of a model with a single degree of freedom, it is shown that the simulation of a complete dynamic model must be driven with a displacement whilst, until now, only force driven simulations have been presented. Velocity discontinuities, occurring during the descent of the key, raise numerical issues which are analysed. They are overcome by non-smooth numerical methods that have been implemented in the computer program XDE. The results of the simulation are presented and compared to experimental measurements. For both piano and forte keystrokes, most of the irregularities in the measured force are reflected in the simulated force. The kinematics of the bodies is also correctly predicted. Eventually, a sensitivity analysis of the dynamic behaviour to the model's parameters is proposed
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Austin, Charlotte Anne. "The Effect of Chronic and Acute Temperature Exposure on the Antarctic Notothenioid Trematomus bernacchii during Hypoxia Exercise and Feeding." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Biological Sciences, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/9972.
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Antarctic fish from the Perciform suborder Notothenioidei inhabit arguably the most thermally stable ocean environment on earth. In order to populate the subzero environment Antarctic fish have evolved numerous adaptations. However, specialisation to -1.9°C has incurred a trade off, thermal flexibility is lost likely due to modifications to the cold and as a result Notothenioidei are extremely stenothermic. Climate change mediated warming is predicted to increase the ocean temperature surrounding the Antarctic continent by 2°C within the next century. This increase is projected to affect individuals, populations and the community structures of those inhabiting the area and therefore the physiological study of the acclimation ability and thermal limitations of Antarctic fish is an area scientific interest.
The present study is a series of discrete experiments relating to one species, Trematomus bernacchii, a circumpolar benthic Notothenioidei found in nearly all inshore waters surrounding the Antarctic coastline. These studies included investigation of the response of this species to both chronic and acute temperature exposure prior to and following a feeding event, a reduction in environmental oxygen and an exhaustive exercise event, as well as examination of T. bernacchii ability to recovery from these challenges.
T. bernacchii demonstrated variable success when acclimated to +3°C. Failure appeared to be determined by the recovery period following capture and aquarium housing, 7 days housing following capture resulted in 100% mortality, conversly 3 months resulted in 100% survival. Following successful acclimation T. bernacchii showed physiological adjustment as acclimated resting metabolic rate mirrored that of T. bernacchii tested at environmental temperature, 20.63 ± 1.3 compared to 22.38 ± 1.02 mg. O₂. kg⁻¹. h⁻¹.
The previously undefined specific dynamic action response (SDA), in T. bernacchii was characteristic of polar species. At environmental temperatures SDA scope was small 14.52 ± 3.52 mg O₂. kg⁻¹. h⁻¹, and lengthy ,72 hours; SDA duration was reduced to 9 hours in acclimated fish. Resting metabolic rate was elevated following acute exposure to +3°C, 34.27 ± 2.35 mg O₂. kg⁻¹. h⁻¹, masking the SDA response and associated parameters.
T. bernacchii were relatively sensitive to hypoxia, Pcrit over four acute temperature exposures, ranged between 69 and 102mmHg, higher than the average range for teleosts (40 – 60 mmHg). Above -1°C Pcrit increased, rising with acute temperature exposure. Ventilation rate was temperature dependent and completely absent at +4 and +6°C. A bradycardia (beginning at 60 and 70mmHg) was observed at all temperature exposures, this response was consistent as all heart rates reduced by 25%. Recovery from both hypoxia and acute temperature exposure was rapid.
Following an exhaustive exercise event aerobic Scope of T. bernacchii was constrained over an acute temperature increase, reducing from 38.58 ± 5.64 to 24.41 ± 4.92 mg.O₂. kg⁻¹.h⁻¹ over a 7°C temperature increase, respiratory scope too was reduced such that at +4 and +6°C scope was absent. Heart rate of T. bernacchii was highly constrained at -1°C, increasing by 2.54 ± 0.9 bpm following exercise. Acute temperature increase resulted in an increase in cardiac scope, maximum 6.29 ± 1.2 bpm at +2°C, due likely to a thermally mediated loss of cholinergic tonus following exhaustive exercise. Recovery of all parameters was temperature dependent and rapid upon return to -1°C.
The present study is the first to quantify and assess the effect of acute and chronic temperature exposure on the SDA response of T. bernacchii. Furthermore, it supplements the current literature on acclimation ability, acute temperature exposure, aerobic scope and hypoxia tolerance for this species. This work will be of use in future investigations of the effects of rapid climate change on Antarctic notothenioid fish and the interconnected ecosystem.
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Baghdadi, Mohamed Riyadh. "Improving tiling, reducing compilation time, and extending the scope of polyhedral compilation." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066368/document.
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Les processeurs multi-coeurs sont maintenant largement utilisés presque partout en informatique: ordinateurs de bureau, ordinateurs portables et accélérateurs tels que les GPGPU (General Purpose Graphics Processing Units). La difficulté de la programmation des systèmes parallèles est considérée comme un problème majeur qui va empêcher l'exploitation de leurs capacités dans le futur. Pour exploiter la puissance des processeurs multi-coeurs et les hiérarchies complexes de mémoire, il y a une grande nécessité pour utiliser des outils de parallélisation et d'optimisation automatique de code. L'optimisation polyédrique est un axe de recherche qui a comme but de résoudre ces problèmes. C'est est une représentation algébrique du programme et un ensemble d'analyses, de transformations et d'algorithmes de génération de code qui permettent à un compilateur de raisonner sur des transformations avancées de nids de boucle. Dans cette thèse, nous abordons certaines des limites du modèle polyédrique. Nous nous intéréssons particulièrement à trois problèmes et nous proposons des solutions pratiques à ces trois problèmes. Le premier problème est lié à la capacité d'appliquer l'optimisation de tuilage sur un code qui contient des fausses dépendances. Nous proposons une téchnique qui permet d'ignorer certaines fausses dépendences et donc qui permet d'appliquer l'optimisation de tuilage qui n'est pas possible sinon. Le second problème est lié au temps de compilation qui peut être trés long pour certains programmes. Nous proposons une téchnique qui transforme la représentation originale du programme à une nouvelle representation dans laquelle il y a moins d'instructions. L'optimisation de cette nouvelle représentation du programme est moins couteuse en terme de temps de compilation en comparaison avec l'optimisation de la représentation originale du programme. Le troisième problème est lié à deux limites: la première limite concerne la possibilité d'utiliser la compilation polyédrique sur des programmes qui ne resepectent pas les restrictions classiques du modèle polyédrique (un programme peut être représenté de façon précise dans le modèle polyédrique s'il ne contient pas des conditionnelles non-affines, des bornes de boucles non-affines et des accés non-affines). La seconde limite est liée à l'aptitude des outils à générer un code performant dans les performances se rapprochent des performances du code écrit à la main. Pour éviter ces deux limites, nous proposons un language de programmation que l'on appelle PENCIL, c'est un sous-ensemble de GNU C99 avec des règles de programmation spécifiques et quelques extensions. L'utilisation de ce sous-ensemble et l'utilisation de ces extensions permettent aux compilateurs de mieux exploiter le parallélisme et de mieux optimiser le codeMulti-core processors are now in widespread use in almost all areas of computing: desktops, laptops and accelerators such as GPGPUs (General Purpose Graphics Processing Units). To harness the power of multi-core processors and complex memory hierarchies, the need for powerful compiler optimizations and especially loop nest transformations is now in high demand. The polyhedral optimization framework is showing promising results in addressing such a problem. It's an algebraic program representation and a set of analyses, transformations and code generation algorithms that enable a compiler to reason about advanced loop nest transformations addressing most of the parallelism and locality-enhancing challenges.In this thesis we address some of the limitations of the polyhedral framework. We address three problems and propose practical solutions to these three problems.The first problem is related to the ability to apply tiling on code that has false dependences (loop nest tiling is an optimization that changes the order of execution of statements in a loop nest in order to enhance data locality; false dependences are induced by the reuse of a single memory location to store multiple values during the life of the program). To preserve the validity of loop nest transformations and parallelization, data-dependences need to be analyzed. Memory dependences come in two varieties: true dependences (a.k.a. flow dependences) and false dependences (a.k.a. output and anti dependences). While true dependences must be satisfied in order to preserve the correct order of computations. False dependences reduce the degrees of freedom for loop transformations. In particular, loop tiling is severely limited in the presence of these dependences. While array expansion, a transformation that transforms scalars into arrays and arrays into higher dimensional arrays, removes all false dependences, the overhead of this transformation on memory and the detrimental impact on register-level reuse can be catastrophic. We propose and evaluate a compilation technique to safely ignore a large number of false dependences in order to enable loop nest tiling in the polyhedral model. It is based on the precise characterization of interferences between live range intervals, and it does not incur any scalar or array expansion.The second problem is related to the long compilation time that one may experience when using polyhedral tools to optimize a program. Particularly, the long execution time of the Pluto affine scheduling algorithm. The Pluto affine scheduling algorithm is the algorithm that is responsible for changing the schedule (order of execution) of statements in order to optimize the code (maximize parallelism and data locality). Reducing the execution time of this affine scheduling algorithm enhances the overall compilation time. We introduce and evaluate a technique called offline statement clustering. It is a practical technique designed to reduce the execution time of the Pluto affine scheduling algorithm without much loss in optimization opportunities. Using this technique, the statements of the program are clustered into macro-statements, the Pluto affine scheduling algorithm is then used to schedule the macro-statements instead of scheduling the original statements of the program. Since the number of macro-statements is less than the number of statements in the original program, scheduling the macro-statements is in general faster than scheduling the original statements of the program. We present the statement clustering algorithm, we show how offline statement clustering integrates transparently with the work-flow of a state-of-the-art polyhedral compiler and present two heuristics for choosing how statements should be clustered together. We show experimentally that statement clustering can reduce the scheduling time by a factor of 8x (in median) without a significant loss in optimization opportunities
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Köhler, Veronica. "Co-creators of scope of action : an exploration of the dynamic relationship between people, IT, and work in a nursing context /." Luleå : Luleå University of Technology, 2006. http://epubl.ltu.se/1402-1757/2006/15/.
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Köhler, Veronica. "Co-creators of scope of action : an exploration of the dynamic relationship between people, IT, and work in a nursing context." Licentiate thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Datavetenskap, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-18531.
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Information Technology (IT) is today widespread in our work places, in our spare time and in our society overall. Implementations of IT in organizations come with high expectations on effectiveness, revenue, smoother work processes and so on. However, this simplified view on IT ignores the fact that it is the IT usage rather than the IT artifact per se that in the end decides the effect of an implementation of IT. Although the IT artifact certainly has been designed to support certain tasks and processes, the success or failure of the Information System (IS) in the end depends on the individuals' actions, which ultimately depend on their perceptions and interpretations of the IS. Thus, when technology is being implemented and becomes an IS in use, it becomes a part of work, and as such more of a social system than a technological one. The actual result of a design process does not solely consist of things or artifacts, but above all changed action patterns for the users. From this follows that we must consider design of artifacts as something more than merely the constructing of actual objects with functions and properties that are easily measured. Rather, a large part of all design activities has to do with design of conceivable social milieus, not artifacts. Thus, design may be defined as the suggesting and establishing of scope of action. The concept scope of action aims at describing the fact that the design of, and consequently the implementation of, a specific IT artifact always aims at creating a certain scope of action; some actions are made easier, others are made more difficult or even impossible. This scope of action has to some extent been deliberately designed, but these changes may on the other hand also be undesired and not predicted in advance. The complexity of this phenomenon is great and hard to grasp in advance. However, this does not mean that we can allow ourselves to ignore exploring this phenomenon more deeply. On the contrary, with a usage perspective on IS success or failure, scope of action becomes very important. Although the term scope of action may seem a rather intuitive concept, we need more concrete knowledge about its character in order to be able to understand IT usage, both when designing a new IT artifact and when studying or evaluating IT. Thus, our intuitive understanding of the concept needs to be complemented with theory on the ‘constituents’ and effects of this phenomenon. For this purpose, in this thesis nurses’ use of the Electronic Patient record (EPR) is being explored in order to gain an empirically derived understanding of the character of scope of action. The research findings highlight the emergent character of scope of action. It is obvious that an individual’s scope of action is not being created on one occasion, and above all not only by the IT artifact. Various co- creators such as the IT artifact, the usage and the social context create and re-create scope of action. Also, how the individual interprets and understands the IT artifact in IT usage will influence her scope of action. This since sensemaking and learning processes on both a personal and organizational level take place that are co-creators of the individual’s scope of action, at the same time as the individual’s knowledge and previous sensemaking and learning influences her use of the IT artifact. Thus, reasoning, thinking, learning, and the IT artifact co-evolve over time in adaptation and appropriation processes. This means that IT as a mediational means constitutes an important co-creator of scope of action. From this also follows that work integrated learning is an important co- creator of scope of action when using IT in a work setting, at the same time as work integrated learning is being influenced by the individual’s scope of action. Finally, in order to understand how scope of action emerges in use, merely focusing on structures is insufficient. Scope of action emerges as a product of interplay between complex processes involving artifacts, usage and context. This means that the user’s scope of action is co-created by both static structures as well as dynamic processes relating to the IT artifact, the organization, and the work practice. Thus, the IT artifact, and subsequently scope of action, must be must be understood in relation to the multi-aspectual context of which it is a part instead of merely in relation to the properties of the IT artifact per seGodkänd; 2006; 20060928 (evan)
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Bursztyn, Lulu Liane Catherine Danielle. "Representation of object dynamics for action." Thesis, Kingston, Ont. : [s.n.], 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1974/659.
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Arboleda, Hugo. "FieSta: An approach for Fine-Grained Scope Definition, Configuration and Derivation of Model-Driven Software Product Lines." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00484779.
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We present an approach based on Model-Driven Development ideas to create Software Product Lines(SPLs). In Model-Driven SPL approaches, the derivation of a product starts from a domain application model. This model is transformed through several stages reusing model transformation rules until a product is obtained. Transformations rules are selected according to variants included in configurations created by product designers. Configurations include variants from variation points, which are relevant characteristics representing the variability of a product line. Our approach (1) provides mechanisms to improve the expression of variability of Model-Driven SPLs by allowing designers to create fine-grained configurations of products, and (2) integrates a product derivation process which uses decision models and Aspect-Oriented Programming facilitating the reuse, adaptation and composition of model transformation rules. We introduce constraint models which make it possible for product line architects to capture the scope of product lines using the concepts of constraint, cardinality property and structural dependency property. To configure products, we create domain models and binding models, which are sets of bindings between model elements and variants and satisfy the constraint models. We define a decision model as a set of aspects. An aspect maintains information of what and when transformations rules that generate commonalities of products must be intercepted (joinpoints) and what transformation rules (advices) that generate variable structures must be executed instead. Our strategy maintains uncoupled variants from model transformation rules. This solves problems related to modularization, coupling, flexibility and maintainability of transformations rules because they are completely separated from variants; thus, they can evolve independently.
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Shi, Feng. "Local Part Model for Action Recognition in Realistic Videos." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31147.
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This thesis presents a framework for automatic recognition of human actions in uncontrolled, realistic video data such as movies, internet and surveillance videos. In this thesis, the human action recognition problem is solved from the perspective of local spatio-temporal feature and bag-of-features representation. The bag-of-features model only contains statistics of unordered low-level primitives, and any information concerning temporal ordering and spatial structure is lost. To address this issue, we proposed a novel multiscale local part model on the purpose of maintaining both structure information and ordering of local events for action recognition. The method includes both a coarse primitive level root feature covering event-content statistics and higher resolution overlapping part features incorporating local structure and temporal relationships. To extract the local spatio-temporal features, we investigated a random sampling strategy for efficient action recognition. We also introduced the idea of using very high sampling density for efficient and accurate classification.
We further explored the potential of the method with the joint optimization of two constraints: the classification accuracy and its efficiency. On the performance side, we proposed a new local descriptor, called GBH, based on spatial and temporal gradients. It significantly improved the performance of the pure spatial gradient-based HOG descriptor on action recognition while preserving high computational efficiency. We have also shown that the performance of the state-of-the-art MBH descriptor can be improved with a discontinuity-preserving optical flow algorithm. In addition, a new method based on histogram intersection kernel was introduced to combine multiple channels of different descriptors. This method has the advantages of improving recognition accuracy with multiple descriptors and speeding up the classification process. On the efficiency side, we applied PCA to reduce the feature dimension which resulted in fast bag-of-features matching. We also evaluated the FLANN method on real-time action recognition.
We conducted extensive experiments on real-world videos from challenging public action datasets. We showed that our methods achieved the state-of-the-art with real-time computational potential, thus highlighting the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods.
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Fritzon, Katarina. "Differentiating arson : an action systems model of malicious firesetting." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.266092.
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Ruzov, Vladimir. "Neuromodulation: Action Potential Modeling." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2014. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1217.
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There have been many different studies performed in order to examine various properties of neurons. One of the most important properties of neurons is an ability to originate and propagate action potential. The action potential is a source of communication between different neural structures located in different anatomical regions. Many different studies use modeling to describe the action potential and its properties. These models mathematically describe physical properties of neurons and analyze and explain biological and electrochemical processes such as action potential initiation and propagation. Therefore, one of the most important functions of neurons is an ability to provide communication between different neural structures located in different anatomical regions. This is achieved by transmitting electrical signals from one part of the body to another. For example, neurons transmit signals from the brain to the motor neurons (efferent neurons) and from body tissues back to the brain (afferent neurons). This communication process is extremely important for a being to function properly.
One of the most valuable studies in neuroscience was conducted by Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley. In their work, Alan Hodgkin and Andrew Huxley used a giant squid axon to create a mathematical model which analyzes and explains the ionic mechanisms underlying the initiation and propagation of action potentials. They received the 1963 Nobel Prize in Physiology/Medicine for their valuable contribution to medical science. The Hodgkin and Huxley model is a mathematical model that describes how the action potential is initiated and how it propagates in a neuron. It is a set of nonlinear ordinary differential equations that approximates the electrical characteristics of excitable cells such as neurons and cardiomyocytes.
This work focuses on modeling the Hodgkin and Huxley model using MATLAB extension - Simulink. This tool provides a graphical editor, customizable block libraries, and solvers for modeling and simulating dynamic systems. Simulink model is used to describe the mechanisms and underlying processes involved in action potential initiation and propagation.
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Bailey, A. H. "A cellular automaton model of ventricular fibrillation." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.233445.
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Wu, Weiqiao. "Family formation in contemporary urban China a state-action model /." access full-text online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 1993. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?9508273.
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De, Wit Mattheus Maria. "Information over function: a reappraisal of the perception-action model." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50434366.
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In the influential perception-action model, the ventral visual system of the primate brain serves to obtain knowledge of objects in the environment, while the dorsal system serves to control actions in interaction with those objects. In recent years, criticism of the model has gained momentum following reports of evidence that involvement of the two systems may not principally depend on whether observers are engaged in action or perception tasks. This thesis appraises the perception-action model over the course of five experiments that test a number of the model’s central assertions. Evidence for an alternative functional characterization of the dorsal and ventral systems is obtained. Specifically, the evidence suggests that the dorsal system can be involved in both action and perception on the basis of fast egocentric information pickup, while the ventral system can be involved in both perception and action on the basis of slower allocentric information pickup. This raises the possibility that a more fundamental distinction pertains to the characteristics of information pickup by the two systems rather than to the behavioral functions subserved.
The thesis develops a stance in which involvement of the two systems in the visual guidance of behavior is dependent on their operational characteristics in combination with the constraints of the task. The proposed relevant task constraints are: (i) whether tasks allow for egocentric and/or allocentric information pickup, (ii) the amount of time that is available for information pickup in a task and, possibly, (iii) whether stimuli are located within or outside functional space (the space that affords action for an observer). Whether a task requires an immediate or a delayed response is of less importance. It is argued that while the typical requirements of perception and action tasks bring about a tight coupling between perception and the ventral system and action and the dorsal system, this coupling is not invariant; perception can involve fast egocentric information pickup and action can involve slower allocentric information pickup. The findings are discussed in the context of higher-level theories of visual perception. It is proposed that the view of the dorsal and ventral visual systems that is suggested by the findings presented in this thesis corresponds better with ecological than with constructivist approaches to visual perception.published_or_final_version
Human Performance
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy
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Ashwell, Susan. "Mode of action of vitamin Bâ†1â†2 : model studies." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329271.
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Montes-Gonzalez, Fernando M. "A robot model of action selection in the vertebrate brain." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.392372.
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Cash, Francesca. "Drosophila melanogaster as a model to study insecticide mode of action." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/drosophila-melanogaster-as-a-model-to-study-insecticide-mode-of-action(758e7907-d9c2-46b3-8d4b-321bb160e394).html.
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The development of novel insecticides requires insect models to determine mode of action. This project aimed to assess Drosophila as a model system to study insecticide mode of action. Drosophila larvae were used to confirm the action of the spiroindoline insecticide 5Cl-CASPP (CASPP). Experiments presented confirm that this compound inhibits acetylcholine (ACh) loading into synaptic vesicles (SVs) by inhibiting the vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT). Mortality assays showed that CASPP induced lethality is reduced by either overexpression of VAChT or expression of a resistant transporter (VAChTY49N). Larval tracking demonstrated a sub-lethal effect of CASPP on cholinergic-regulated locomotion. Whole-cell patch recordings from identified motoneurons, that receive excitatory cholinergic synaptic input, showed reduced frequency of release of ACh-containing SVs (i.e. minis) following exposure to CASPP. Mini amplitude was unaffected. By contrast, overexpression of VAChT resulted in a marked increase in frequency of minis but again no change to amplitude. Expression of VAChTG342R that, in C.elegans, is unable to bind synaptobrevin does not affect either mini frequency or amplitude. This suggests that VAChT may also govern ACh release, in addition to SV loading. While overexpression of wild-type VAChT increases mini frequency and not amplitude, increases to both were observed following expression of a VAChT variant with a polymorphism (missing glutamine; Q) in a unique polyQ domain. Ultrastructural examination of the active zone found that changes to SV release were not accompanied by changes to active zone morphology, SV size or number. This was supported by the finding of no significant difference in total SVs released in the -Q VAChT variant when SV recycling was blocked. Taken together, the data are indicative that individual SVs are filled to a greater level following expression of this VAChT variant. This identifies the polyQ domain as a potential regulator of SV loading and, moreover, may provide an attractive target for novel insecticide development. This project also assessed the Giant Fiber System (GFS) in adult Drosophila as a potential medium throughput model to rapidly identify insecticide mode of action. The GFS is activated by electrical stimulation and output measured as excitatory junctional potentials (EJPs) in leg and flight muscles. Flies were treated with compounds of different known modes of action (cholinergic, glutamatergic etc.) in order to characterise effect. Novel compounds with unknown modes of action were also tested and effects compared. This system is suitable to indicate insecticides with a cholinergic mode of action but requires additional characterisation to fully understand the relationship between mode of action of compounds and GFS output.
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Vinson, D. P. "Representing meaning : a feature-based model of object and action words." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2009. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/14891/.
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The representation of word meaning has received substantial attention in the psycholinguistic literature over the past decades, yet the vast majority of studies have been limited to words referring to concrete objects. The aim of the present work is to provide a theoretically and neurally plausible model of lexical-semantic representations, not only for words referring to concrete objects but also for words referring to actions and events using a common set of assumptions across domains. In order to do so, features of meaning are generated by naïve speakers, and used as a window into important aspects of representation. A first series of analyses test how the meanings of words of different types are reflected in features associated with different modalities of sensory-motor experience, and how featural properties may be related to patterns of impairment in language-disordered populations. The features of meaning are then used to generate a model of lexical-semantic similarity, in which these different types of words are represented within a single system, under the assumption that lexical-semantic representations serve to provide an interface between conceptual knowledge derived in part from sensory-motor experience, and other linguistic information such as syntax, phonology and orthography. Predictions generated from this model are tested in a series of behavioural experiments designed to test two main questions: whether similarity measures based on speaker- generated features can predict fine-grained semantic similarity effects, and whether the predictive quality of the model is comparable for words referring to objects and words referring to actions. The results of five behavioural experiments consistently reveal graded semantic effects as predicted by the feature-based model, of similar magnitude for objects and actions. The model's fine-grained predictive performance is also found to be superior to other word-based models of representation (Latent Semantic Analysis, and similarity measures derived from Wordnet).
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Eichmann, Lara Miriam Lopes. "As rotinas na creche : a sua importância no desenvolvimento integral da criança dos 0 aos 3 anos." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Portalegre - Escola Superior de Educação, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/6597.
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As crianças dos dois aos três anos vivem num mundo simples e pouco concreto. Cabe aos adultos suscitar-lhes o interesse para o mundo exterior, proporcionando-lhes experiências e ensinamentos positivos e inesquecíveis.
Os educadores de infância surgem, determinantemente, com um papel fundamental e orientador do bem-estar físico, mental e emocional da criança.
É nesta sequência que nasce o presente relatório. O estágio realizado numa sala de creche na cidade de Portalegre despontou o interesse pelas rotinas e pela implicação das mesmas nas vidas das crianças. O dia-a-dia das crianças na creche desenrola-se de acordo com um conjunto de rotinas e atividades que se devem planear cuidadosamente e promover de forma a favorecer o desenvolvimento da criança e a assegurar-lhe um constante bem-estar.
A rotina diária impera como um meio de aprendizagem e desenvolvimento integral e, tal como afirmam Hohmann & Weikart (2011), “oferece um enquadramento estável no qual as crianças (…) podem sem perigo iniciar, reflectir sobre, modificar e expandir as experiências de aprendizagem pela acção” (pág.227).
Tendo por base a pedagogia High Scope para a creche foram desenvolvidas, ao longo das Unidades Curriculares de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada, algumas rotinas e atividades cujo principal objetivo foi promover o desenvolvimento global da criança, criando-lhe segurança, autoestima, iniciativa e autonomia. Para melhor compreender a importância das rotinas na sala da creche buscaram-se também as opiniões de um conjunto de 18 educadoras de infância em exercício na cidade de Portalegre.Children within two and three years old live in a simple and abstract world. It’s our responsibility to give them stimulation to the real world, with teachings and activities that give them positive knowledge and unforgettable experiences. The kindergarten teachers have a special part managing the physical and mental well-being of the children in such ages. These are the reasons that had originated this Report. The internship was made on a kindergarten school of Portalegre City, and it was during this internship that started the interest in the relevance of routines in children. The day by day of children in a Kindergarten flows accordingly group of routines and activities that should be planed carefully in order to promote and favor the development of the children assuring a constant state of wellness. These routines should be a way that induces the learning and full development of the children, and such as Hohmann & Weikart (2004) say “the routines offers stable mindset to children (…) they can without danger, start to think about something and with this expand their experiences by learning things, doing it”(page 227). Thus and assessing de pedagogy base of the High Scope model to kindergarten, it had been developed during the lecturing of the Practical Supervised Curricular Unities, some routines and activities witch the main goal was to promote the global development of the children, originating this way, a sense of safety, self-esteem, initiative and autonomy. To better understood the significance of these routines it also was made a inquiry in order to assess the opinion of 18 kindergarten teachers that do active work in the city of Portalegre.
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Berggren, Ellen, and Johanna Kjessler. "Hur formas chefskapet? : En kvalitativ studie om hur chefer upplever sin yrkesroll." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-29198.
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This qualitative interview based essay aims to examine how managers perceive their management role in an organization and more specified to what extent management is shaped by the individual’s personal attributes versus how much is controlled by the organization. The essay’s second central aspect is how scope for action is perceived by managers in their profession, as well as their reasoning concerning their and other managers’ exchangeability. To examine this, we used semi structured interviews with four managers active in different lines of business. Our theoretical framework aimes to enlighten the relationship between organizational and individual. Our results and thereby the conclusion of the essay is that the management role is affected by a correlation between organization and individual. The organization gives the manager space to act/scope for action under the preresquisite that the organization’s goals and demands are achieved. These demands from the organization create a sense of duty in the manager, which results in them tempering their personal values to benefit the organization. The managers’ scope for action also makes it possible for them to put their own stamp on the profession, which in turn leads to them being harder to replace (as a manager). We have found that the personal attributes, in organizations where the manager has been given a lot of scope for action, then have greater significance in shaping the profession. Despite this we found that the organization affects the profession in a greater extent than the individual’s attributes, since the scope for action is given only if the organizations’ goals and demands are achieved.
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Obentheuer, Marius [Verfasser], and Karsten [Akademischer Betreuer] Berns. "Transfer of Human Motion Primitives for Digital Human Model Control in the Scope of Ergonomic Assessment / Marius Obentheuer ; Betreuer: Karsten Berns." Kaiserslautern : Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1216104891/34.
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Hardwick, Kelly Herbert. "Assessing contemporary theories of criminal action, toward a coevolutionary model of crime." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq24590.pdf.
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Webb, Nicholas. "Imitation learning : does children's imitation model preference vary across different action types? /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2006. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe19752.pdf.
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Gilbert, Van. "An evangelistic church plant in St. Charles County an action research model /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2002. http://www.tren.com.
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Chirravuri, Varun R. "Identifying a low-order beat-to-beat model of arterial baroreflex action." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61152.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-133).
The arterial baroreflex is a fast-acting control mechanism that the body relies on to regulate blood pressure. Previous efforts to quantitatively model the baroreflex have relied primarily on non-parametric characterization of the transfer function from blood pressure to heart rate (Berger et al.,1989, Akselrod et al., 1981,1985). Of the parametric models proposed, most focus on matching empirical transfer functions with continuous-time models (Berger et al., 1991). Use of these models is often restricted to simulation, and consequently not focused on prediction. We develop a beat-to-beat, one-pole model for the baroreflex that can parsimoniously capture both the empirical frequency-domain and time-domain characteristics of the baroreflex. Further, we develop a robust identification method for on-line estimation of our model parameters from clinical data. We conclude by presenting preliminary results of our model and estimation method applied to patients undergoing drug-induced autonomic blockade.
by Varun R. Chirravuri.
M.Eng.
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Risko, Georgene Rawding. "Using the cognitive apprenticeship model to teach action research to preservice teachers /." The Ohio State University, 2001. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1486401895206993.
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Atkova, I. (Irina). "From opportunity to business model:an entrepreneurial action perspective." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2018. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526218915.
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Abstract The purpose of the present study is to theoretically and empirically examine how entrepreneurs create business models to capture opportunities. More specifically, this study focuses on the business model antecedents, in other words, entrepreneurial actions between the moment of opportunity identification and the inception of the functioning business model. By reviewing the extant literature on opportunity and business models, this study develops and argues for an action approach to understanding the business model creation process. Focusing on theory development, this research follows a cyclical process of research-oriented action research, utilizing the diary method. In total, one hundred fifty five diaries were collected and analyzed for the purposes of this research. Four groups of respondents were included: the participants of a start-up accelerator program in Oulu, Finland; the participants of a project carried out at the University of Oulu, Finland; the participants of a venture creation training organized by the Business Model Design Center, Ålborg, Denmark; and two novice entrepreneurial teams based in Helsinki, Finland. This study develops a conceptual model that illustrates how entrepreneurs create business models to capture opportunities. The model suggests that the process of business model creation is a continuous iteration of conceptualizing and contextualizing. Conceptualizing is associated with choices and decisions made under uncertainty, whereas contextualizing is about acting upon these choices and decisions, thereby testing their feasibility and acceptability against perceived reality. Conceptualizing triggers action as entrepreneurs try to actualize the choices and decisions they have made. Conceptualizing and contextualizing mutually support and reinforce each other by means of feedback loops: Changes in opportunity conceptualizations and/or business model conceptualizations necessitate modifications in their contextualization and vice versa. The major contribution of this study lies in addressing what has previously been a mostly neglected area of research and explaining how entrepreneurs create business models to capture opportunities from the action perspective. From the methodological perspective, this study employs a novel combination of action research and the diary method, which allows investigating entrepreneurial actions in their natural settingTiivistelmä Tässä tutkimuksessa tarkastellaan kuinka yrittäjät luovat liiketoimintamalleja liiketoimintamahdollisuuksia hyödyntääkseen. Erityisesti työssä keskitytään liiketoimintamallien aihioihin, joita yrittäjät työstävät liiketoimintamahdollisuuksien tunnistamisen ja toimivan liiketoimintamallin syntymisen välisenä aikana. Työssä rakennetaan aiempaan liiketoimintamahdollisuus- ja liiketoimintamallitutkimukseen perustuva, yrittäjien päiväkirjoja hyödyntävä toimintatutkimuslähestymistapa, jonka tavoitteena on lisätä ymmärrystä liiketoimintamallien luomisen prosessista sekä teoreettisesta että empiirisestä näkökulmasta. Kaikkiaan tutkimuksessa kerättiin ja analysoitiin 155 päiväkirjaa neljästä eri vastaajaryhmästä: yrityskiihdyttämöstä Oulussa, Oulun yliopiston järjestämässä yrittäjyysprojektissa, Aalborgin yliopiston Business Model Design Centerin järjestämässä yrityksen perustamiskoulutuksessa, ja kahdessa aloittavien yrittäjien tiimissä Helsingissä. Tutkimuksessa kehitettiin käsitteellinen malli kuvaamaan kuinka yrittäjät luovat liiketoimintamalleja liiketoimintamahdollisuuksien hyödyntämiseksi. Malli esittää liiketoimintamallin luomisen jatkuvana ja iteratiivisena konseptointina sekä kontekstualisointina. Konseptoinnilla tarkoitetaan tässä yhteydessä yrittäjien epävarmuuden vallitessa tekemiä valintoja ja päätöksiä, kontekstualisoinnilla näiden valintojen ja päätösten mukaisesti toimimista. Konseptualisoinnissa ja kontekstualisoinnissa testataan liiketoimintamalliaihioiden toimivuutta, kannattavuutta ja hyväksyttävyyttä yrittäjien kokemassa todellisuudessa. Konseptointi käynnistää toiminnan, jolla yrittäjät pyrkivät toteuttamaan tekemiään valintoja ja päätöksiä. Konseptointi ja kontekstualisointi vahvistavat ja tukevat toisiaan kaksisuuntaisen palautemekanismin kautta: muutos liiketoimintamahdollisuuksien ja liiketoimintamallien konseptoinnissa aiheuttaa tarpeen muuttaa tapaa, joilla niitä testataan ja toteutetaan käytännössä – samalla käytännön toteutuksessa opittu heijastuu takaisin siihen, miten liiketoimintamahdollisuuksia ja liiketoimintamalleja konseptoidaan. Työn pääasiallinen kontribuutio on liiketoimintamallien toimintatutkimuksen alueella. Aiemmassa liiketoimintamahdollisuuksia ja liiketoimintamalleja yhdistävässä tutkimuksessa ei ole juurikaan sovellettu toimintatutkimuksellista lähestymistapaa. Työssä onkin kehitetty uusi päiväkirjoihin perustuva toimintatutkimusmenetelmä, joka mahdollistaa yrittäjien toiminnan tutkimisen tilannesidonnaiset tekijät huomioon ottaen. Käytännössä työn tuloksia voidaan hyödyntää uuden yritystoiminnan luomisessa sekä yrittäjien ja yritysten tukemisessa
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Preacher, Kristopher J. "The Role of Model Complexity in the Evaluation of Structural Equation Models." The Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1054130634.
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Sträng, Roger. "En flerstämmig kulturanalys : Om värden, värderingar och motiv i skolors vardagsarbete." Doctoral thesis, Karlstads universitet, Avdelningen för utbildningsvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-8839.
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The aim of this thesis is to design and develop a polyphonic reanalysis instrument for analysis of school cultures, as a part of the efforts to understand and develop schools as organizations. The purpose of the new instrument is to achieve an extended possibility to highlight the values and motives underlying a school´s everyday work from the actors´ micro-oriented perspective. The concept of school culture refers to Gunnar Berg and his school development strategy of scope for action, which in turn can be understood as an empirically grounded development of Gerhard Arfwedson´s concept of school codex. The new instrument is intended to complement these two existing and long-established analytical instruments. School development is an ambiguous concept, open to different explanation and interpretation, depending on the choice of perspectives and approaches. Christopher Hodgkinson emphasizes the difficulty in conceptualizing a discussion of the motives and values held by members of an organization. It is all about subjective concepts, the meanings of which vary, depending on the situation and the context in which they are observed. A central issue in organizations is how to reconcile the organization’s nomothetic and idiographic aspirations and structures. In school organizations the problem can be understood as the dialectical interaction between institutional and organizational values. In order to provide the kind of empirical knowledge of school development that is called for, an analytical tool is required that can capture both individual and organizational and institutional aspects of the school's everyday work. My empirical evidence is drawn from cultural analysis of schools in three municipalities and municipal districts. In the reanalysis, the emerging common features were lack of continuity in school leadership and the expectations of school leaders as educational leaders to participate more actively in the everyday work. The frequent changes of directors, was by many perceived as an inhibiting and counterproductive obstacle to sustainable school improvement. The results also showed significant differences in the schools' organizational structures of formal and informal decision-making. Knowledge of the underlying patterns that affect the school's everyday work can probably be used to make the organization more transparent and malleable. The dialectical interplay between the organization and its nomothetic-idiographic aspirations differs from school to school. The driving forces in the members’ collective action clarify the relationship between the organization and its members' goals. In-depth knowledge of actors' behavior and attitudes in the context of this interaction increases the possibility of real school development on pedagogical terms to the pupils' benefit. In conclusion: The polyphonic culture assay is still an underdeveloped area. Access to the polyphonic school culture will hopefully be the starting-point for the challenge to increase new and exciting empirical knowledge of the daily work at school.
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Axelsson, Frida, and Emmy Hag. "”Knacka innan du öppnar” : En kvalitativ studie om integritet och handlingsutrymme i särskilt boende ur ett personalperspektiv." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för socialt arbete (SA), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-35027.
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The purpose of this study is to, based on qualitative interviews with managers and group interviews with care providers, understand their interpretation of integrity and also their scope for action to satisfy disable people’s integrity at sheltered housing for adults. The questions of this study are: How do the managers and the care providers interpret the concept of integrity? Which scope for action do they have to satisfy the integrity of disabled people? Method: Individual – and group interviews have been used as methods to gather empirical data. Theory: The theories of scope for action and integrity as a theoretical conception have been used to analyze the empirical material. Results: The informants of this study found it difficult to give a specific definition of integrity. The main aspects we could distinguish were that integrity was interpreted as a personal sphere and self-determination. The result of this study shows that the scope for action to satisfy the integrity of disabled people is affected by many factors. First of all the scope for action is affected by the Swedish law LSS and the assignment within the organization. The scope for action is also affected by individual adaption for each person. This study shows the importance of the relationship between the managers, care providers and the persons. At last the informants emphasize some dilemmas in their scope for action to satisfy the integrity.
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Flavian, Ariel. "Towards an effective class action model for European consumers : lessons learnt from Israel." Thesis, Brunel University, 2012. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/7168.
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The class action is an important instrument for the enforcement of consumers' rights, particularly in personal actions for low sums known as Negative Expected Value (NEV) suits. Collective redress actions transform NEV suits into Positive Expected Value suits using economies of scale by the aggregation of smaller actions into a single legal action which is economically worthwhile pursuing. Collective redress promotes adherence to the law, deters illegal actions and furthers public interests. Collective redress also helps in the management of multiple cases in court. The introduction of a new class action model in Israel has proven to be very workable in the sense that it has improved access to justice, albeit that this system currently suffers from over-use, referred to in this work as the "flood problem". The purpose of this research is to introduce a class action model which brings with it the advantages of the Israeli model, as well as improvements upon it so as to promote consumer confidence in low figure transactions by individuals with large, powerful companies. The new model suggested in this work relies on the opt-out mechanism, monitored by regulatory bodies through public regulation or by private regulators. The reliance on the supremacy of public enforcement and follow-on actions over private stand-alone actions should make the system of collective redress more efficient than the current Israeli model, reducing the risk of a flood of actions whilst at the same time improving access to justice for large groups of claimants. Thus far, no unified European class action mechanism has been developed, and only some member states have developed their own systems. The model discussed in this work may be implemented as a unified set of rules in Europe, with some additional adjustments, such as those covering cross-border trade, to promote confidence in trade within the European Union.
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Self, Roland. "Unilateral termination of psychotherapy and the Decision Action Pathway Interactive Network (DAPIN) model." Thesis, University of Hull, 2003. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:12375.
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The effectiveness of psychological therapies has received increasing attention in recent years with a confidant optimism building in the strong research evidence for its efficacy. However, criticism comes from the study of attrition from therapy in routine clinical practice, which studies show can reach from 30 to 60%. Searches for the causes of attrition have uncovered a multitude of correlations but only socio-economic variables emerge as significant predictors of attrition. This present study proposes and tests a theoretical model with clear implications for practice and research. In reviewing three broad literatures on health service use the concept of the Decision Action Pathway Interactive Network (DAPIN) began to emerge. Health decisions are seen as taking place within an emerging decision/action pathway that is subject to a dynamic interaction network. Decisions are made by individuals based on rational calculations, with network interactions providing the mechanism by which the social factors influence the decision/action pathway. Empirical testing of DAPIN consisted of the construction of a patient self-report cost attached to therapy attendance (CATA) measure that could be used to determine whether people of low SES do in fact have higher network costs attached to attending therapy and whether this is related to higher attrition. A small sample of patients attending their first appointment completed CATA and those who unilaterally terminated in the first four sessions compared with those who continued therapy. Weak support was obtained for the DAPIN model. The Demand sub-scale of CAT A proved to be a powerful predictor of unilateral termination from therapy (attrition) at the early stage of therapy attendance and provides a useful short tool for routine clinical practice. The small and idiosyncratic sample used meant that the DAPIN model could not be adequately tested. However, the evidence accumulated suggests that the model is worthy of more extensive testing.
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Owera-Atepo, J. B. "The vagal nerve as a model for drug action on 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379818.
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Patterson, Sean Ingram. "Action of neuroinflammatory mediators on a cell line model for mammalian sensory neurones." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304412.
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Gasper, Rebecca Elizabeth. "Action potentials in the peripheral auditory nervous system : a novel PDE distribution model." Diss., University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1321.
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Auditory physiology is nearly unique in the human body because of its small-diameter neurons. When considering a single node on one neuron, the number of channels is very small, so ion fluxes exhibit randomness.
Hodgkin and Huxley, in 1952, set forth a system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) to track the flow of ions in a squid motor neuron, based on a circuit analogy for electric current. This formalism for modeling is still in use today and is useful because coefficients can be directly measured.
To measure auditory properties of Firing Efficiency (FE) and Post Stimulus Time (PST), we can simply measure the depolarization, or "upstroke," of a node. Hence, we reduce the four-dimensional squid neuron model to a two-dimensional system of ODEs. The stochastic variable m for sodium activation is allowed a random walk in addition to its normal evolution, and the results are drastic. The diffusion coefficient, for spreading, is inversely proportional to the number of channels; for 130 ion channels, D is closer to 1/3 than 0 and cannot be called negligible.
A system of Partial Differential Equations (PDEs) is derived in these pages to model the distribution of states of the node with respect to the (nondimensionalized) voltage v and the sodium activation gate m. Initial conditions describe a distribution of (v,m) states; in most experiments, this would be a curve with mode at the resting state. Boundary conditions are Robin (Natural) boundary conditions, which gives conservation of the population. Evolution of the PDE has a drift term for the mean change of state and a diffusion term, the random change of state.
The phase plane is broken into fired and resting regions, which form basins of attraction for fired and resting-state fixed points. If a stimulus causes ions to flow from the resting region into the fired region, this rate of flux is approximately the firing rate, analogous to clinically measuring when the voltage crosses a threshold. This gives a PST histogram. The FE is an integral of the population over the fired region at a measured stop time after the stimulus (since, in the reduced model, when neurons fire they do not repolarize).
This dissertation also includes useful generalizations and methodology for turning other ODEs into PDEs. Within the HH modeling, parameters can be switched for other systems of the body, and may present a similar firing and non-firing separatrix (as in Chapter 3). For any system of ODEs, an advection model can show a distribution of initial conditions or the evolution of a given initial probability density over a state space (Chapter 4); a system of Stochastic Differential Equations can be modeled with an advection-diffusion equation (Chapter 5). As computers increase in speed and as the ability of software to create adaptive meshes and step sizes improves, modeling with a PDE becomes more and more efficient over its ODE counterpart.
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Whitbeck, Barbara Ann. "Strengths in Action: Implementing a Learning Organization Model in a Human Service Setting." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2095.
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Although learning organization theory evolved in corporate settings, literature suggests that the theory has much to offer human service organizations. This dissertation examines the implementation of a modified learning organization model in three small field offices of a publicly-funded vocational rehabilitation organization in the Pacific Northwest, at a time when the organization was negotiating financial cutbacks and organizational changes. The model - known as Strengths in Action - was based on Senge's five learning organization disciplines, and informed by organizational culture theory. In each participating office, all staff worked together to set a goal, make a plan, and achieve the goal.
This dissertation covers the implementation of the modified learning organization model; the factors that facilitated and impeded the model's implementation; the model's impact on participating offices' climate and culture; and the similarities and differences among participating offices. This primarily qualitative study utilized mixed methods: observations, interviews, and an online survey.
Implementation of the model resulted in individual and team learning, better staff communication, more productive teamwork, stronger staff relationships, stronger office/community partner relationships, and improved office morale. This study shows that such a model can be effective in a human service setting, moving workgroups away from a mode of individual workers reactively handling individual cases, and toward a mode of proactive collective problem-solving. It also provides strong evidence that a learning organization model, implemented during a period of resource retrenchment, can produce substantial benefits for small workgroups within human service organizations, even when the model is not disseminated organization-wide.
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Luo, Ching-Hsing. "A dynamic model of the mammalian ventricular action potential: Formulation and physiological simulations." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1060102425.
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Mersch, Elizabeth Marie. "Linking Neural States and Performance: The Configural Superiority Effect and Perception-Action Model." Wright State University / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=wright1420549574.
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Kisolo-Ssonko, Joseph. "On collective action : underpinning the plural subject with a model of planning agency." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2014. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5448/.
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This thesis aims to give an account of collective action. It starts with a detailed presentation of its underlying phenomenology. It is argued that in order to understand this phenomenology, we must move beyond the framework of individual agency; thus rejecting Michael Bratman's Shared Cooperative Activity Account. Doing so opens up a space for Margaret Gilbert's Plural Subject Theory. Plural Subject Theory is presented as capturing this phenomenology by allowing that we can act as collective agents. However, it also creates a puzzle centring on the relation between individual autonomy and constraint by the collective will. The solution to this puzzle, this thesis argues, is to apply Bratman's planning theory of agency to the collective agent. In doing so, Gilbert's theory is improved, such that it is better able to capture the sense in which living social lives entangles our sense of individual agentive identity with our sense of collective agentive identity.
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SIAO, SHUN-WUN, and 蕭舜文. "Investigating the Attentional Scope Model of Rumination: The Effects of Depressive Mood and Attentional Scope on Ruminative Response." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/537s6v.
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碩士國立中正大學
臨床心理學研究所
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Depressive rumination is a mode of responding to distress that involves repetitively and passively focusing on symptoms of distress and on the possible causes, implications and consequences of these symptoms(Nolen-Hoeksema et al., 2008). Although depressive rumination exacerbates negative mood and impairs cognitive function, it remains unclear which mechanisms underlie depressive rumination. Whitmer and Gotlib (2013) postulate that a narrow attentional scope, which reflects the inherent individual differences or caused by depressive mood, will limit the array of thoughts, percepts, and actions. This may increases the likelihood that thoughts become repetitive. In the present study we aimed to investigate the attentional scope model of rumination empirically. We tested whether the individual differences in attentional scope and negative mood would increase the likelihood of rumination response. All participants in this study were university students, divided by the performance of the attentional breadth task and mood manipulation(emotional film clip) into four groups, including narrower attentional scope with sad mood manipulation(2 males and 7 females), narrower attentional scope with neutral mood manipulation(3 males and 1 females), broader attentional scope with sad mood manipulation(3 males and 4 females), broader attentional scope with neutral mood manipulation(1 males and 5 females). All participants completed Chinese Response Style Questionnaire-short form-revised-momentary(CRSQ-SFRM) and Momentary Ruminative Self-focus Inventory(MRSI) as the measures of ruminative response at following 3 stages: T0(before attentional breadth task), T1(after attentional breadth task), and T2(after mood manipulation). The result showed that compared to the neutral mood manipulation, participants with sad mood manipulation exacerbated negative mood significantly, especially in high narrow attentional scope. Ruminative style was significantly related to ruminative response, however there were no significant differences in ruminative response between four groups. Compared Grol et al.,(2015), our study used true word to represent self-related / other-related information and we also controlled the word frequency and stroke counts in the attentional breadth task. As a result, it might make attentional breadth task so hard that it could not distinguish the individual difference in attentional scope effectively. Furthermore, there were some factors, including demand effect, mood manipulation process, and participant characteristics that might influence the effect of negative mood on the ruminative response.
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Hsia, Wang Pi, and 王碧霞. "The binding effect of adjudgement to its party concerned scope which about "Creditor Representative Action"." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42663487640373920064.
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