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Journal articles on the topic 'Scophthalmus'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 21 June 2025

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1

MUDARRIS, M., B. AUSTIN, P. SEGERS, M. VANCANNEYT, B. HOSTE, and J. F. BERNARDET. "Flavobacterium scophthalmum sp. nov., a Pathogen of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 44, no. 3 (1994): 447–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-44-3-447.

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2

CERDAG-CUELLAR, M., R. A. ROSSELLO-MORA, J. LALUCAT, J. JOFRE, and A. BLANCH. "Vibrio scophthalmi sp. nov., a New Species from Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)." International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology 47, no. 1 (1997): 58–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/00207713-47-1-58.

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3

Redondo, Maria J., Oswaldo Palenzuela, Ana Riaza, Angeles Macias, and Pilar Alvarez-Pellitero. "Experimental transmission of Enteromyxum scophthalmi (Myxozoa), an Enteric Parasite of Turbot Scophthalmus maximus." Journal of Parasitology 88, no. 3 (2002): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3285435.

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4

Redondo, María J., Oswaldo Palenzuela, Ana Riaza, Ángeles Macías, and Pilar Álvarez-Pellitero. "EXPERIMENTAL TRANSMISSION OF ENTEROMYXUM SCOPHTHALMI (MYXOZOA), AN ENTERIC PARASITE OF TURBOT SCOPHTHALMUS MAXIMUS." Journal of Parasitology 88, no. 3 (2002): 482–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1645/0022-3395(2002)088[0482:etoesm]2.0.co;2.

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5

Ronza, Paolo, José Antonio Álvarez-Dios, Diego Robledo, et al. "Blood Transcriptomics of Turbot Scophthalmus maximus: A Tool for Health Monitoring and Disease Studies." Animals 11, no. 5 (2021): 1296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11051296.

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Blood transcriptomics is emerging as a relevant tool to monitor the status of the immune system and assist in diagnosis, prognosis, treatment and pathogenesis studies of diseases. In fish pathology, the potential of transcriptome profiling of blood is still poorly explored. Here, RNA sequencing was applied to analyze the blood transcriptional profile of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), the most important farmed flatfish. The study was conducted in healthy specimens and specimens parasitized by the myxozoan Enteromyxum scophthalmi, which causes one of the most devastating diseases in turbot aquaculture. The blood of healthy turbot showed a transcriptomic profile mainly related to erythrocyte gas transportation function, but also to antigen processing and presentation. In moderately infected turbot, the blood reflected a broad inhibition of the immune response. Particularly, down-regulation of the B cell receptor signaling pathway was shared with heavily parasitized fish, which showed larger transcriptomic changes, including the activation of the inflammatory response. Turbot response to enteromyxosis proved to be delayed, dysregulated and ineffective in stopping the infection. The study evinces that blood transcriptomics can contribute to a better understanding of the teleost immune system and serve as a reliable tool to investigate the physiopathological status of fish.

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6

Öztürk, Türkay, and Arzu Güven. "Trichodinid ectoparasites (Ciliophora: Peritrichida) from gills of some marine fishes of Sinop Coasts of the Black Sea, with the first report of Trichodina rectuncinata." Aquatic Research 5, no. 4 (2022): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3153/ar22029.

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Four species of marine fishes, turbot Scophthalmus maeoticus, common sole Solea solea, shore rockling Gaidropsarus mediterraneus, and rusty blenny Parablennius sanguinolentus from Sinop coasts of the Black Sea were examined for ectoparasitic trichodinids. A total of four trichodinid species, Trichodina rectuncinata, T. ovonucleata, T. jadranica, and T. domerguei were described using the silver nitrate impregnation technique and morphologically studied. All morphometric data and photomicrographs of these trichodinids were presented along with details of their host preferences, prevalence and intensity of infestation. This study is the first report on the trichodinid ectoparasites on Scophthalmus maeoticus, Solea solea, Gaidropsarus mediterraneus, and Parablennius sanguinolentus in Türkiye. Moreover Trichodina rectuncinata is as a new record for Turkish fish parasite fauna.

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7

QUIROGA, M. I., M. J. REDONDO, A. SITJÀ-BOBADILLA, et al. "Risk factors associated with Enteromyxum scophthalmi (Myxozoa) infection in cultured turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)." Parasitology 133, no. 4 (2006): 433–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182006000515.

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An epidemiological cohort study of Enteromyxum scophthalmi in cultured turbot was performed on a farm in North Western Spain. Four different ongrowing stocks (A, B, C, D) were monitored monthly until market size. Fish from stocks C and D were divided into 2 subgroups, receiving filtered (CF and DF) or unfiltered (CUF and DUF) water. The lack of water filtration was positively associated with infection prevalence, as all fish kept in filtered water remained uninfected. Parasite abundance varied seasonally (P<0·05) in stock B and subgroup CUF. Infection was also associated (P<0·05) with host weight, and the highest prevalences and intensities were detected in 101–200 g and 201–300 g fish. Distribution pattern of E. scophthalmi in subgroups CUF and DUF had a variance higher than the mean, indicating overdispersion. The minimum period necessary for the first detection of the parasite and for the appearance of disease symptoms and mortality, varied depending on the stock and introduction date, although a long pre-patent period was always observed. Several factors, such as host density, parasite recruitment and parasite-induced fish mortality can contribute to the observed distribution pattern. Risk factors found to be associated with E. scophthalmi infection, including water quality and accumulation of infective stages in the culture tanks, should be considered when designing control strategies to prevent the introduction and spread of infective stages in the facilities.

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8

PALENZUELA, O., M. J. REDONDO, and P. ÁLVAREZ-PELLITERO. "Description of Enteromyxum scophthalmi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Myxozoa), an intestinal parasite of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.) using morphological and ribosomal RNA sequence data." Parasitology 124, no. 4 (2002): 369–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182001001354.

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A new Myxozoa species causing enteritis and death in cultured turbot, Scophthalmus maximus, is described at light and electron microscope levels. In addition, small subunit ribosomal RNA gene sequences (SSU rDNA) from the new species and from similar myxozoans were obtained and used for phylogenetic inference, as complementary criteria to resolve its taxonomic classification. The new parasite is closely related to Myxidium leei, another enteric histozoic species from marine fish. However, the ascription of M. leei to the genus Myxidium was based on weak morphological evidence and is not supported by our rDNA data analysis. A close relationship with Zschokkella, the other morphologically related myxozoan genus is also not supported. The combined morphological and molecular study results in the establishment of the new genus Enteromyxum to accommodate the new species E. scophthalmi, and the former M. leei, which is transferred to the new genus as Enteromyxum leei (Diamant, Lom & Dyková 1994) n. comb. This genus of marine, histozoic and enteric myxozoans includes significant parasite species for marine finfish culture.

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9

Vinagre, C., A. Silva, M. Lara, and H. N. Cabral. "Diet and niche overlap of southern populations of brill Scophthalmus rhombus and turbot Scophthalmus maximus." Journal of Fish Biology 79, no. 5 (2011): 1383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03116.x.

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10

Losada, A. P., R. Bermúdez, L. D. Faílde, A. Di Giancamillo, C. Domeneghini, and M. I. Quiroga. "Effects of Enteromyxum scophthalmi experimental infection on the neuroendocrine system of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 40, no. 2 (2014): 577–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.011.

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11

Li, Tingting, Likun Ren, Dangfeng Wang, Minjie Song, Qiuying Li, and Jianrong Li. "Optimization of extraction conditions and determination of purine content in marine fish during boiling." PeerJ 7 (May 6, 2019): e6690. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.6690.

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Background Gout is the second most common metabolic disease affecting human health. The disease of gout is closely related to the level of uric acid, which is the end-product of human purine metabolism. Moreover, food is the main way of external ingestion of purine. Method A simple and time-saving method was developed to extract purines like adenine, hypoxanthine, guanine, and xanthine from marine fish by single factor design combined with Box–Behnken. The contents of these purines in the edible parts and internal organs of marine fish, as well as Scophthalmus maximus, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography to investigate the relationship between the boiling process and purine content. Result The mixed-acid method was chosen for the extraction of purine bases and the extraction conditions were as follows: mixture acid 90.00% TFA/80.00% FA (v/v, 1:1); hydrolysis temperature 90.00 °C; time 10.00 min; liquid-to-solid ratio 30:1. The total purine content of the edible parts (eyes, dorsal muscles, abdominal muscles, and skin) was the highest in Scophthalmus maximus, followed by sphyraena, Sardinella, Trichiurus lepturus, Scomberomorus niphonius, Pleuronectiformes, Sea catfish, Anguillidae, and Rajiformes. Moreover, boiling significantly reduced the purine content in the marine fish because of the transfer of the purines to the cooking liquid during boiling. Scophthalmus maximus, Sphyraena, and Sardinella were regard as high-purine marine fish, which we should eat less. We also confirmed that boiling significantly transferred purine bases from fish to cooking liquid. Thus, boiling could reduce the purine content of fish, thereby reducing the risk of hyperuricemia and gout.

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12

González, José A., José M. Lorenzo, and Arthur Telle. "First records of Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis and Scophthalmus maximus (Scophthalmidae) from the Canary Islands (north-eastern Atlantic)." Cybium 48, no. 1 (2024): 75–79. https://doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-037.

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González, José A., Lorenzo, José M., Telle, Arthur (2024): First records of Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis and Scophthalmus maximus (Scophthalmidae) from the Canary Islands (north-eastern Atlantic). Cybium 48 (1): 75-79, DOI: 10.26028/cybium/2023-037, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.26028/cybium/2023-037

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13

Ronza, Paolo, Diego Robledo, Ana Paula Losada, et al. "The Teleost Thymus in Health and Disease: New Insights from Transcriptomic and Histopathological Analyses of Turbot, Scophthalmus maximus." Biology 9, no. 8 (2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology9080221.

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The thymus is a primary lymphoid organ that plays a pivotal role in the adaptive immune system. The immunobiology of the thymus in fish is considered to be similar to that of mammals, but it is actually poorly characterized in several cultured teleost species. In particular, while investigations in human and veterinary medicine have highlighted that the thymus can be affected by different pathological conditions, little is known about its response during disease in fish. To better understand the role of the thymus under physiological and pathological conditions, we conducted a study in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a commercially valuable flatfish species, combining transcriptomic and histopathological analyses. The myxozoan parasite Enteromyxum scophthalmi, which represents a major challenge to turbot production, was used as a model of infection. The thymus tissues of healthy fish showed overrepresented functions related to its immunological role in T-cell development and maturation. Large differences were observed between the transcriptomes of control and severely infected fish. Evidence of inflammatory response, apoptosis modulation, and declined thymic function associated with loss of cellularity was revealed by both genomic and morphopathological analyses. This study presents the first description of the turbot thymus transcriptome and provides novel insights into the role of this organ in teleosts’ immune responses.

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14

Cuñado, N., J. Terrones, L. Sánchez, P. Martínez, and J. L. Santos. "Synaptonemal complex analysis in spermatocytes and oocytes of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (Pisces, Scophthalmidae)." Genome 44, no. 6 (2001): 1143–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g01-104.

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A surface-spreading synaptonemal complex (SC) technique was used to analyze spermatocytes and oocytes of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) to visualize the process of chromosome synapsis. The total SC length was 205 ± 12 µm in males and 172 ± 29 µm in the only female analyzed. A representative SC karyotype of turbot was obtained. Each SC showed lateral elements of equal length. No bivalent exhibiting atypical synaptic behaviour that could be associated with heteromorphic sex chromosomes was observed, either in males or in the female. The DNA content of turbot was evaluated in eight individuals of both sexes by flow cytometry analysis. The 2C mean DNA content of turbot (1.308 ± 0.009 pg/cell) was among the lowest observed within fishes. No statistical differences in DNA content were revealed between the sexes [Wilcoxon/MannWhitney test; P(Wx = 0.243)]. The SC/DNA content ratio observed in turbot was the highest reported to date in bony fishes (Osteichthyes).Key words: Scophthalmus maximus, fish, DNA content, meiosis, synaptonemal complex.

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15

Zheng, Weiwei, Xiwen Xu, Yadong Chen, et al. "Genome-Wide Identification, Molecular Characterization, and Involvement in Response to Abiotic and Biotic Stresses of the HSP70 Gene Family in Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 7 (2023): 6025. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24076025.

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Heat shock proteins 70 (HSP70s) are known to play essential roles in organisms’ response mechanisms to various environmental stresses. However, no systematic identification and functional analysis has been conducted for HSP70s in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus), a commercially important worldwide flatfish. Herein, 16 HSP70 genes unevenly distributed on nine chromosomes were identified in the turbot at the genome-wide level. Analyses of gene structure, motif composition, and phylogenetic relationships provided valuable data on the HSP70s regarding their evolution, classification, and functional diversity. Expression profiles of the HSP70 genes under five different stresses were investigated by examining multiple RNA-seq datasets. Results showed that 10, 6, 8, 10, and 9 HSP70 genes showed significantly up- or downregulated expression after heat-induced, salinity-induced, and Enteromyxum scophthalmi, Vibrio anguillarum, and Megalocytivirus infection-induced stress, respectively. Among them, hsp70 (hspa1a), hspa1b, and hspa5 showed significant responses to each kind of induced stress, and qPCR analyses further validated their involvement in comprehensive anti-stress, indicating their involvement in organisms’ anti-stress mechanisms. These findings not only provide new insights into the biological function of HSP70s in turbot adapting to various environmental stresses, but also contribute to the development of molecular-based selective breeding programs for the production of stress-resistant turbot strains in the aquaculture industry.

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16

Coughlan, J., E. McCarthy, D. McGregor, et al. "Four polymorphic microsatellites in turbot Scophthalmus maximus." Animal Genetics 27, no. 6 (2009): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.1996.tb00524.x.

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17

GARCIA-RIERA, M. P., and G. I. HEMRE. "Glucose tolerance in turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)." Aquaculture Nutrition 2, no. 2 (1996): 117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2095.1996.tb00018.x.

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18

Li, Xian, Liang Chi, Huiqin Tian, et al. "Colour preferences of juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)." Physiology & Behavior 156 (March 2016): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.007.

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19

dos Santos, NMS, A. do Vale, MJ Sousa, and MT Silva. "Mycobacterial infection in farmed turbot Scophthalmus maximus." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 52 (2002): 87–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao052087.

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20

Zhang, QY, JJ Tao, L. Gui, et al. "Isolation and characterization of Scophthalmus maximus rhabdovirus." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 74 (February 28, 2007): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao074095.

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21

Souto, S., J. G. Olveira, C. P. Dopazo, and I. Bandín. "Reassortant betanodavirus infection in turbot (Scophthalmus maximus )." Journal of Fish Diseases 39, no. 11 (2016): 1347–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jfd.12466.

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22

Devauchelle, N., J. C. Alexandre, N. Le Corre, and Y. Letty. "Spawning of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in captivity." Aquaculture 69, no. 1-2 (1988): 159–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(88)90194-9.

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23

Redondo, Maria J., Oswaldo Palenzuela, and Pilar Alvarez-Pellitero. "Studies on transmission and life cycle of Enteromyxum scophthalmi (Myxozoa), an enteric parasite of turbot Scophthalmus maximus." Folia Parasitologica 51, no. 2-3 (2004): 188–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/fp.2004.022.

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24

Redondo, María J., María I. Quiroga, Oswaldo Palenzuela, José M. Nieto, and Pilar Alvarez-Pellitero. "Ultrastructural studies on the development of Enteromyxum scophthalmi (Myxozoa), an enteric parasite of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)." Parasitology Research 90, no. 3 (2003): 192–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00436-002-0810-5.

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25

Khanaychenko, Antonina N., Leonid S. Svetlichny, Vitaly E. Giragosov, and Elena S. Hubareva. "Respiration of the Black Sea Turbot (Scophthalmus maeoticus ). Eggs as an Indicator of its Development." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Biology 10, no. 1 (2017): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1997-1389-0004.

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26

Maroso, Francesco, Adrián Casanova, Fernanda D. do Prado, et al. "Species identification of two closely exploited flatfish, turbot (Scophthalmus maximus ) and brill (Scophthalmus rhombus ), using a ddRADseq genomic approach." Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems 28, no. 5 (2018): 1253–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aqc.2932.

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27

Sitjà-Bobadilla, A., M. J. Redondo, R. Bermúdez, et al. "Innate and adaptive immune responses of turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.), following experimental infection with Enteromyxum scophthalmi (Myxosporea: Myxozoa)." Fish & Shellfish Immunology 21, no. 5 (2006): 485–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2006.02.004.

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28

Karan, Serpil, Servet Ahmet Doğdu, Ali Uyan, Mevlüt Gürlek, Deniz Ergüden, and Cemal Turan. "Microsatellite loci for Black Sea turbot Scophthalmus maeoticus." Natural and Engineering Sciences 1, no. 3 (2016): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.28978/nesciences.286266.

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29

Piferrer, Francesc, Rosa Mª Cal, Blanca Álvarez-Blázquez, Laura Sánchez, and Paulino Martinez. "Induction of triploidy in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)." Aquaculture 188, no. 1-2 (2000): 79–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(00)00306-9.

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30

Ruyet, J. Person-Le, R. Galland, A. Le Roux, and H. Chartois. "Chronic ammonia toxicity in juvenile turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)." Aquaculture 154, no. 2 (1997): 155–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(97)00052-5.

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31

Burrows, A. S., and T. C. Fletcher. "Blood leucocytes of the turbot, Scophthalmus maximus (L.)." Aquaculture 67, no. 1-2 (1987): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0044-8486(87)90033-0.

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32

Fernández-Puentes, C., and A. Figueras. "Epithelial cell line from turbot (Scophthalmus maximus L.)." In Vitro Cellular & Developmental Biology - Animal 32, no. 7 (1996): 391–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02722999.

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33

Hellberg, H., EO Koppang, B. Tørud, and I. Bjerkås. "Subclinical herpesvirus infection in farmed turbot Scophthalmus maximus." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 49 (2002): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao049027.

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34

Puig, L., R. Traveset, O. Palenzuela, and F. Padrós. "Histopathology of experimental scuticociliatosis in turbot Scophthalmus maximus." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 76 (June 29, 2007): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao076131.

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35

Roth, Bjorn, Lene Kramer, Aase Vorre Skuland, et al. "The Shelf Life of Farmed Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)." Journal of Food Science 79, no. 8 (2014): S1568—S1574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-3841.12541.

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36

Piferrer, Francesc, Rosa M. Cal, Castora Gómez, Blanca Álvarez-Blázquez, Jaime Castro, and Paulino Martı́nez. "Induction of gynogenesis in the turbot (Scophthalmus maximus):." Aquaculture 238, no. 1-4 (2004): 403–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2004.05.009.

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37

Meng, Zhen, Xinfu Liu, Bin Liu, et al. "Induction of mitotic gynogenesis in turbot Scophthalmus maximus." Aquaculture 451 (January 2016): 429–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquaculture.2015.09.010.

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38

Ren, Zhenkun, Yuanyuan Ji, Yi Wang, and Liyuan Dong. "Chondroitin sulfate from Scophthalmus maximus for treating osteoarthritis." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 108 (March 2018): 1158–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2017.11.091.

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39

Haynes, P. S., D. Brophy, F. De Raedemaecker, and D. McGrath. "The feeding ecology of 0 year-group turbot Scophthalmus maximus and brill Scophthalmus rhombus on Irish west coast nursery grounds." Journal of Fish Biology 79, no. 7 (2011): 1866–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8649.2011.03128.x.

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40

Estêvão, João, Andrés Blanco-Hortas, Juan A. Rubiolo, et al. "Gene Expression Comparison Between the Injured Tubercule Skin of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) and the Scale Skin of Brill (Scophthalmus rhombus)." Fishes 9, no. 11 (2024): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fishes9110462.

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Turbot and brill are two congeneric commercial flatfish species with striking differences in skin organization. The calcified appendages in turbot skin are conical tubercles, while in brill, they are elasmoid scales. A skin injury involving epidermal and dermal levels was evaluated 72 h post-injury to compare the skin regeneration processes between both species. An immune-enriched 4x44k turbot oligo-microarray was used to characterize the skin transcriptome and gene expression profiles in both species. RNA-seq was also performed on the brill samples to improve transcriptome characterization and validate the microarray results. A total of 15,854 and 12,447 expressed genes were identified, respectively, in the turbot and brill skin (10,101 shared) using the oligo-microarray (11,953 and 9629 annotated). RNA-seq enabled the identification of 11,838 genes in brill skin (11,339 annotated). Functional annotation of skin transcriptomes was similar in both species, but in turbot, it was enriched on mechanisms related to maintenance of epithelial structure, mannosidase activity, phospholipid binding, and cell membranes, while in brill, it was enriched on biological and gene regulation mechanisms, tissue development, and transferase and catalytic activities. The number of DEGs identified after skin damage in brill and turbot was 439 and 143, respectively (only 14 shared). Functions related to catabolic and metabolic processes, visual and sensorial perception, response to wounding, and wound healing were enriched in turbot DEGs, while metabolism, immune response, oxidative stress, phospholipid binding, and response to stimulus were enriched in brill. The results indicate that differences may be related to the stage of wound repair due to their different skin architecture. This work provides a foundation for future studies directed at skin defense mechanisms, with practical implications in flatfish aquaculture.

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41

SANJUAN, ANDRÉS, and ANGEL S. COMESAÑA. "Molecular Identification of Nine Commercial Flatfish Species by Polymerase Chain Reaction–Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism Analysis of a Segment of the Cytochrome b Region." Journal of Food Protection 65, no. 6 (2002): 1016–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-65.6.1016.

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Commercial refrigerated or frozen flatfish fillets are sometimes mislabeled, and identification of these mislabeled products is necessary to prevent fraudulent substitution. Identification of nine commercial flatfish species (order Pleuronectiformes), Hippoglossus hippoglossus (halibut), Lepidorhombus boscii (four-spotted scaldfish), Lepidorhombus whiffiagonis (megrin), Platichthys flesus (flounder), Pleuronectes platessa (European plaice), Reinhardtius hippoglossoides (Greenland halibut), Scophthalmus maximus (turbot), Scophthalmus rhombus (brill), and Solea vulgaris (=Solea solea) (sole), was carried out on the basis of the amplification of a 486-bp segment of the mitochondrial genome (tRNAGlu/cytochrome b) by using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and universal primers. Sequences of PCR-amplified DNA from the flatfish species were used to select eight restriction enzymes (REs). The PCR products were cut with each RE, resulting in species-specific restriction fragment length polymorphism. Seven species groups could be identified by application of the single RE DdeI and six species groups by using HaeIII, HinfI, MaeI, or MboI. Different combinations of only a couple of these REs could unambiguously identify the nine flatfish species. Genetic polymorphisms of the target sequence were examined by comparison with previously published DNA sequences, and the results of this comparison confirmed the usefulness of this technique in distinguishing and genetically characterizing refrigerated or frozen pieces of these nine flatfish species.

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42

Bouza, C., P. Presa, J. Castro, L. Sánchez, and P. Martínez. "Allozyme and microsatellite diversity in natural and domestic populations of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) in comparison with other Pleuronectiformes." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 59, no. 9 (2002): 1460–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f02-114.

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Twelve microsatellite and 28 allozyme loci were employed to analyse genetic diversity in natural and domestic populations of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) from northwest Spain in comparison with other flatfish species with similar habitat, life history, and geographic distributionthe brill (Scophthalmus rhombus) and the flounder (Platichthys flesus). These species had shown much higher allozyme diversity than turbot in previous studies, and were used as a reference to check for putative historical bottlenecks in turbot. Significantly lower genetic variability in turbot than in brill and flounder was confirmed with allozymes, but not with the highly variable microsatellite loci. This intermarker discrepancy could be explained by different mutation rates in relation with historical bottlenecks along turbot evolution. A significantly lower genetic diversity was observed in a domestic strain of turbot than in natural populations of this species. This sample evidenced a strong family structure from microsatellite data, which suggests caution against the use of commercial batches for broodstock foundation in turbot farming. A strong concordance was found across the two categories of markers used when analysing the pattern of genetic subdivision at a local scale within the three species analysed, low and nonsignificant genetic differentiation being observed between Atlantic and Cantabric areas.

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Redondo, MJ, O. Palenzuela, and P. Alvarez-Pellitero. "In vitro studies on viability and proliferation of Enteromyxum scophthalmi (Myxozoa), an enteric parasite of cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 55 (2003): 133–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao055133.

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Alvarez-Pellitero, P., MI Quiroga, A. Sitjà-Bobadilla, et al. "Cryptosporidium scophthalmi n. sp. (Apicomplexa: Cryptosporidiidae) from cultured turbot Scophthalmus maximus. Light and electron microscope description and histopathological study." Diseases of Aquatic Organisms 62 (2004): 133–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/dao062133.

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45

Sulgostowska, Teresa. "Helminth fauna of flounder Platichthys flesus (L.) and turbot Scophthalmus maximus (L.) from the Gulf of Gdańsk." Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria 28, no. 2 (1998): 69–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3750/aip1998.28.2.07.

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The present investigation covered 400 specimens of Platichthys flesus and 22 of Scophthalmus maximus caught in the period of October 1993-December 1994 in the Gulf of Gdańsk (the South-east Baltic). The following parasite species were found: Bothriocephalus scorpii, Hysterothylacium auctum, Cucullanus heterochrous, Cuculanellus minutus, Anisakis simplex, Raphidascaris sp. (probably R. acus), Echinorhynchus gadi, and Pomphorhynchus laevis. The occurrence of parasites was studied in relation to the season of fishing and the length of the fish body.

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46

Skiftesvik, Anne Berit. "Changes in Behaviour at Onset of Exogenous Feeding in Marine Fish Larvae." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 49, no. 8 (1992): 1570–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f92-174.

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The activity and swimming speed of fed and starved larvae of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) and turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) were measured from hatching to metamorphosis. The results indicate changes in behaviour over time, as well as differences between starved and fed larvae. It is suggested that determining the point at which activity increases and swimming speed during active periods decreases may be relevant as an indicator of the time of first feeding in marine fish larvae.

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47

Yelnikov, D. V., and A. N. Khanaychenko. "Morphological Features of Cephalic Skeleton of the Adult Black Sea Turbot (Kalkan) Scophthalmatus Maximus Var. Maeotica (Pleuronectiformes, Scophthalmidae)." Vestnik Zoologii 47, no. 5 (2013): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/vzoo-2013-0047.

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Abstract For the first time the full description of neural and visceral cephalic skeleton of adult Black Sea turbot (kalkan), Scophthalmus maximus (Pallas) has been carried out. The detailed outline of the norm of development of cephalic skeleton in adult Black Sea turbot with up-to-date nomenclature of bone elements is offered as a basis to conduct further studies on variability of skeleton elements and abnormalities among the Black Sea turbot morphotypes from natural populations and artificially reared specimens.

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Novoa, B., and A. Figueras. "Heterogeneity of Marine Birnaviruses Isolated from Turbot(Scophthalmus maximus)." Fish Pathology 31, no. 3 (1996): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3147/jsfp.31.145.

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Bouza, Carmen, Miguel Hermida, Belén G. Pardo, et al. "A Microsatellite Genetic Map of the Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus)." Genetics 177, no. 4 (2007): 2457–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1534/genetics.107.075416.

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Giragosov, V. E., A. N. Khanaychenko, M. P. Kirin, and D. K. Gutsal. "Record of Scophthalmus rhombus (Pleuronectiformes: Scophthalmidae) near the Crimea." Journal of Ichthyology 52, no. 1 (2012): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0032945212010031.

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