Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Score de prédiction'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 39 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Score de prédiction.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
El, Hajj Maya. "Elaboration d'un Score Prédictif des Accidents Vasculaires Cérébraux au Liban." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0078/document.
Full textBackground: Stroke is the second leading cause of death in Lebanon and worldwide. There is a scarcity of reliable information about the epidemiology of stroke in Lebanon. We aim to identify stroke risk factors and symptoms in the Lebanese population and develop a score for future stroke prediction and another for stroke diagnosis at emergency.Methods: A case-control study was conducted for the scores generation. Data were collected through a designed data collection sheet at two tertiary hospitals in Lebanon between January 1st, 2012 and December 31st, 2014. A logistic regression determined stroke risk factors and symptoms and the rounded coefficients generated a Risk of Stroke Score (ROSS) and a Diagnosis Score for Stroke (DS-Stroke). Another case-control study was conducted for the scores validation where data were collected through a standardized questionnaire at five different tertiary hospitals between January 1st, 2015 and December 31st, 2016. ROSS and DS-Stroke were validated by comparing them to the hospitals final diagnosis.Results: In total, 732 participants were included in the score generation study (202 stroke cases and 530 stroke-free controls) and 650 participants were included in the score validation study (205 cases and 445 stroke-free controls). Many risk factors and symptoms were found to be associated with stroke in Lebanon. ROSS and DS-Stroke were constructed and validated with high areas under the curve and high negative and positive prediction values.Conclusion: ROSS is a good risk assessment tool for use to improve the prediction of stroke in the Lebanese population and would be of particular interest in the primary care setting to reduce stroke incidence. DS-Stroke is another valuable tool to use for stroke diagnosis at emergency and would be interesting to user in order to have an accurate diagnosis of stroke, call for further emergency testing if necessary and speed up the treatment for stroke patients
Masset, Christophe. "Lésions inflammatoires et vasculaires en transplantation pancréatique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Nantes Université, 2025. http://www.theses.fr/2025NANU1002.
Full textPancreatic transplantation is the best option to propose for selected diabetic patients, but often complicates with occurrence of early allograft failure due to thrombosis. In this manuscript, we first reviewed evidences linking this thrombotic complication with activation of the immune system, due either to donor’s condition or to ischemia/reperfusion injuries, thus leading to the concept of Immunothrombosis in pancreatic transplantation. We first investigated possible unknown risk factors of thrombosis and evidenced the deleterious role of donor’s hypertension in early pancreas. We further explored in-vitro responses of endothelial pancreatic cells to inflammatory cytokines related to ischemia/reperfusion and donor’s condition. From these experimental models, we showed that pancreatic endothelial cells exert a more pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic phenotype than glomerular endothelial cells in a resting state. Furthermore, their response to inflammatory molecules such as IL1β and IL6 seems exacerbed, which could suggest an interest in targeted therapies. Additional molecules present in the donor such as MMP-9 may also play a role in the endothelium activation. Besides inflammatory molecules, we assessed the role of anti-AT1R auto-antibodies in recipient’s sera. It reveals that their presence at the time of transplantation is significantly associated with a higher risk of pancreatic thrombosis and rejection, suggesting an implication of recipient’s inflammatory condition in addition to donor’s one. Finally, we laid the groundwork for the construction of a future composite predicitve score for allograft failure, incorporating both clinical parameters and biomarkers from recipient’s sera at the time of transplantation
Koskas, Martin. "Utilisation et développement d'outils statistiques pour la prédiction individuelle du statut ganglionnaire dans le cancer de l'endomètre." Thesis, Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014VERS0038.
Full textEndometrial cancer is the most common malignancy of the female genital tract. Lymph node metastasis is one of the most important prognostic factors. However, the therapeutic role of lymphadenectomy is still debated.We developed the score PREGE, able to predict lymph node metastasis based on pathological hysterectomy characteristics in endometrial cancer. Data from almost 20,000 patients who underwent hysterectomy and lymphadenectomy were analyzed and significant prognostic features were selected: final pathological characteristics (histologic type, grade and primary site tumoral extension) and patients’ characteristics (age and race). In a French multicentric cohort, the nomogram showed good discrimination (AUC=0.79 ) and was well calibrated.Lymph node metastasis prediction by the score using preoperative data was as accurate as that obtained using the final tumor characteristics. With a cut-off value of 100 points for the total score, the negative predictive value was 100%.Patients were clustered into quintiles according to their lymph node metastasis probability. The cancer related survival was compared based on whether patients underwent lymphadenectomy. In the five quintile groups, the specific survival rate was significantly higher in the patients who did not undergo lymphadenectomy. However, when lymph node letastatic probabilityexceeded 20%, specific survival was higher in patients in whom at least 10 lymph nodes were removed.PREGE score could be useful to select few patients who will really benefit from lymphadenectomy and avoid lymphadenectomy in most patients with endometrial cancer
Nguile, Makao Molière. "Pneumonies nosocomiales acquises sous ventilation mécanique : prédiction du diagnostic et influence sur le pronostic." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM073.
Full textNosocomial Pneumonia is the most frequent and severe infection encountered in intensive care unit, notably in patients under mechanical ventilation. The objective of this thesis is to develop tools to optimize the prevention of Ventilation Associated nosocomial Pneumonias (VAP) using the information of OUTCOMEREA database. Thus, a VAP score was built from a hierarchical logistic regression mixed model to compare the care structures. As the logistic regression model presenting a few shortcomings, we oriented our work towards multi-state models. In particular, we studied the Progressive Disability model from which the attributable mortality due to VAP was evaluated efficiently and patients groups with bad prognosis were identified. This model has been simplified to a Disability model. Thereafter, the covariates were included via the Breslow estimator and the mortality was re-estimated. From the Disability model, a global and individualized prediction of VAP in the three days following observation time was built. The prediction performance is evaluated by a loss function weighted by events frequency over time
Nguile, Makao Molière. "Pneumonies nosocomiales acquises sous ventilation mécanique : prédiction du diagnostic et influence sur le pronostic." Phd thesis, Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00538779.
Full textTurc, Guillaume. "Prédiction du pronostic fonctionnel de l’infarctus cérébral traité par thrombolyse intraveineuse." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA05T043/document.
Full textIntravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is the only licensed drug for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). However, about half of the treated patients do not achieve functional independence at 3 months (mRS>2), mostly due to lack of early recanalization or symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH). Firstly, we aimed to determine if 3-month outcome (mRS) after IVT can be reliably predicted based on clinical and MRI variables available at admission. Secondly, we assessed the relationships between the clinical course within 24 hours after IVT and 3-month mRS. We collected clinical and MRI data of all patients treated by IVT ≤4.5 hrs for AIS between 2003 and 2015 in Sainte-Anne hospital, Paris. (1) We derived the MRI-DRAGON score, a simple tool consisting of 7 clinical and MRI variables available at admission, which can reliably predict 3-month mRS>2 (c-statistic=0.83 [0.78-0.88]). (2) We then performed an external validation of this score in the Lille cohort, showing good discrimination and calibration of the model, despite an overestimation of the risk of mRS>2 in patients with a high MRI-DRAGON score. (3) Trying to find additional predictors of long-term outcome, we showed that the cerebral microbleed (CMB) burden at baseline was not an independent predictor of 3-month mRS after adjusting for confounding factors (age and hypertension).Furthermore, we assessed the relationships between early clinical course after IVT and 3-month mRS, based on two common clinical events: (4) Firstly, the lack of very early neurological improvement (VENI) 1 hour after IVT, which was observed in 77% patients and strongly associated with 3-month mRS, but did not improve the predictive ability of the model when incorporated into the MRI-DRAGON score. (5) Secondly, early neurological deterioration (END) within 24 hours after IVT, occuring in 14% patients in our systematic review and meta-analysis. (6) In our cohort, the positive predictive value of END for 3-month mRS>2 prediction was 90%. END of undetermined cause (ENDunexplained) accounted for 70% of ENDs, and was associated with no prior use of antiplatelets, proximal artery occlusion, DWI-PWI mismatch volume and lack of recanalization. We proposed a simple score to predict 3-month mRS soon after admission in patients treated by IVT for AIS. It may be used to help therapeutic decisions, by identifying patients likely to achieve 3-month mRS ≤2 after IVT alone. We have also shown that CMB burden before IVT is not an independent predictor or 3-month outcome. We participate in an ongoing international individual patient data meta-analysis to determine whether there is a subgroup of patients with CMBs, which seems to have an independent risk of poor 3-month outcome so important that it might outweigh the expected benefit of IVT. Although lack of VENI 1 hour after IVT is strongly associated with 3-month mRS>2, it doesn’t seem to be specific enough to guide decision-making regarding additional thrombectomy (bridging therapy), and should therefore not delay an endovascular procedure. Finally, our results suggest that a persistent cerebral hypoperfusion contributes to most ENDs. Therefore, many ENDs might be avoided in a near future, given the recent proof of the clear superiority of bridging therapy over IVT alone regarding recanalization. This revolution in acute stroke management leads the way to important clinical research perspectives, such as developing a tool to accurately predict 3-month mRS after bridging therapy. Important research efforts will be needed to develop a personalized treatment algorithm, helping to determine which therapeutic option (bridging therapy, IVT alone, thrombectomy alone, or no recanalization therapy) would be the best for each patient
Blanche, Paul. "Contribution à l'évaluation de capacités pronostiques en présence de données censurées, de risques concurrents et de marqueurs longitudinaux : inférence et applications à la prédiction de la démence." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22098/document.
Full textThe objective of this work is to develop statistical methods that can be used to evaluate and compare the prognostic ability of different prognostic tools. To measure prognostic ability, mainly the time-dependent ROC curve is studied and also the Brier score for a prediction horizon t. Motivated by applications where the aim is to predict the risk of dementia in cohort data of elderly people, this work focuses on inference procedures in the presence of right censoring and competing risks. In elderly populations death is a highly prevalent competing risk. To define consistent estimators of the prediction ability measures, we use the inverse probability of censoring weighting (IPCW) approach. In our first work, we show that the IPCW approach provides consistent estimators of prediction ability based on right censored data, even when the censoring distribution is marker-dependent. In our second work, we adapt the estimators to settings with competing risks. Asymptotic results are provided and we derive confidence regions and tests for comparing different prognostic tools. Finally, in a third work we focus on comparing dynamic prognostic tools which use information from repeated marker measurements to predict future events. The prognostic ability measures now depend on both the time s at which predictions are made and on the prediction horizon t. Curves of the prognostic ability as a function of s are developed for the evaluation of dynamic risk predictions. Inference procedures are adapted and so are confidence regions and tests to compare the curves. The applications of the proposed methods to cohort data show that the prognostic tools that use cognitive tests, or repeated measurements of cognitive tests, have high prognostic abilities
Sene, Mbery. "Développement d’outils pronostiques dynamiques dans le cancer de la prostate localisé traité par radiothérapie." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013BOR22115/document.
Full textThe prediction of a clinical event with prognostic tools is a central issue in oncology. The emergence of biomarkers measured over time can provide tools incorporating repeated data of these biomarkers to better guide the clinician in the management of patients. The objective of this work is to develop and validate dynamic prognostic tools of recurrence of prostate cancer in patients initially treated by external beam radiation therapy, taking into account the repeated data of PSA, the Prostate-Specific Antigen, in addition to standard prognostic factors. These tools are dynamic because they can be updated at each available new measurement of the biomarker. They are built from joint models for longitudinal and time-to-event data. The principle of joint modelling is to describe the evolution of the biomarker through a linear mixed model, describe the risk of event through a survival model and link these two processes through a latent structure. Two approaches exist, shared random-effect models and joint latent class models. In a first study, we first compared in terms of goodness-of-fit and predictive accuracy shared random-effect models differing in the form of dependency between the PSA and the risk of clinical recurrence. Then we have evaluated and compared these two approaches of joint modelling. In a second study, we proposed a differential dynamic prognostic tool to evaluate the risk of clinical recurrence according to the initiation or not of a second treatment (an hormonal treatment) during the follow-up. In these works, validation of the prognostic tool was based on two measures of predictive accuracy: the Brier score and the prognostic cross-entropy. In a third study, we have described the PSA dynamics after a second treatment (hormonal) in patients initially treated by a radiation therapy alone
Vernerey, Dewi. "Méthodologie statistique pour la prédiction du risque et la construction de score pronostique en transplantation rénale et en oncologie : une pierre angulaire de la médecine de précision." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA3004/document.
Full textPrognosis is historically a basic concept of medicine. Hippocrates already considered the prognosis of disease as the study of the past circumstances, the establishment of the present state of health and finally the prediction of future events. He presented the prognosis as the ability to interpret these elements and to adapt the prognosis regarding their relative values. Currently, the prognostic research is still based on the examination of the relationship between a well-established health condition at the time of the investigation and the occurrence of an event. The increase in life expectancy implies that more and more people are living with one or more diseases or with problems that can impair their health status. In this context, the study of the prognosis has never been more important. However, in comparison with the field of randomized clinical trials in which the CONSORT statement recommendations are implemented for more than 20 years in order to guarantee quality research, the prognostic research only begins to develop similar initiatives. Indeed, in 2015 the TRIPOD statement recommendations were provided and in 2013 a working group called PROGRESS was constituted in the United Kingdom and its members made the observation that prognostic researches are developed with considerable heterogeneity in the methodology used and unfortunately do not always meet the quality standards required to support their conclusions and their reproducibility (...)
Berthenet, Cyril. "Méthode computationnelle pour la prédiction de la mobilité des peptides et l'identification de leurs sites de phosphorylation par empreinte phospho-peptidique bidimensionnelle sur couche mince de cellulose." Montpellier 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007MON20198.
Full textTo date, one of the most important challenges in biology is to understand the molecular mechanisms which modulate and regulate cellular functions and in particular the role of protein post-translational modification. Contrary to the genome with is the same for each cell within an organism, proteomes vary dynamically according to cell type, cell physiology and through multi-site simultaneous post-translational modifications. In eukaryotic proteins, reversible phosphorylation is among the most important modifications and acts in modulating many cellular events including cell cycle transit, growth and differentiation. Approximately 30% of cellular proteins are susceptible to phosphorylation and around 30% of these proteins are phosphorylated at any given time. While metabolic labelling with [32P] provides a powerful and highly sensitive means to increase phospho-protein detection threshold, it is presently incompatible with mass spectrometry. We have therefore developed an alternative method for identifying proteins and post-translational modifications based on analysis of two dimensional tryptic peptide separation on thin layer cellulose plates. Peptides are separated by high voltage electrophoresis according to net charge and molecular mass before second dimension separation by physical-chemical characteristics in a water solvent exchange system using ascending chromatography. Phospho-peptide mobility is measured for each peptide in each dimension with the use of co-migrated marker peptides to calibrate peptide migrations and peptide identity established from an identity score derived from models calculating the predicted electrophoretic and chromatographic mobilities from the primary aminoacid sequence of the peptides. The success rate of this approach, which exceeds 98% on simple peptide mixtures, is estimated at 80% on whole protein digests. Moreover, we are able to specifically differentiate a same peptidic sequence containing phosphorylated, oxidized amino acids and/or exception trypsic sites
Huchon, Cyrille. "Développement d'un autoquestionnaire pour le diagnostic des algies pelviennes aigües." Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00691369.
Full textGiaconi, Smoje Valentina. "Modélisation statistique de l'impact des environnements académiques sur les croyances et la réussite des élèves au Chili." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAH040/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis is dedicated to the statistical modeling of the impact of academic environments on student’s beliefs and achievement in Chile. We contribute to the field of educational effectiveness with a statistical discussion regarding how to combine multilevel models with methods for selection bias and missing data and two empirical studies. The statistical discussion was used to take methodological decisions in the empirical studies. The first empirical study evaluates the impact of science courses on students’ beliefs. The second empirical study is about school effects on students’ trajectories in mathematics and reading scores. In the statistical part, we analyze linear adjustment and propensity score matching to address selection bias. Regarding the missing data problem, we considered multiple imputation techniques. Each of these methods is compatible with multilevel models. However, the problem of addressing selection bias and missing data simultaneously with hierarchical data is not resolved. We present a statistical discussion that classifies and analyzes strategies to combine the methods. The first empirical study regards the influence of Life and Non-life science courses in secondary students’ epistemic and self-efficacy beliefs related to sciences. We compared students that took summer science courses with a control group in a post and follow-up beliefs questionnaire. We found positive effects of Life courses and courses with laboratory work, controlling for confounding variables. The results show differences between Life and Non-life scientific disciplines that should be explored. The second empirical study concerns school effects on trajectories of Chilean students. It has two aims. The first aim is to describe the characteristics of the trajectories in mathematics and reading scores and the variation explained by primary and secondary schools. The second aim is to measure the effect of public schools in comparison with voucher schools on students’ trajectories in mathematics and reading scores. We used a longitudinal national database which included measures for the same students at 4th, 8th and 10th grade. Multilevel growth models were used to model the trajectories. We found effects of secondary and primary schools on intercepts and slopes. In addition, we found negative effects from public education, which became not significant after controlling for school’ socioeconomic composition and selection practices. The results illustrate the stratification between the public system and voucher system and the need to study inside each system which schools are more efficient
Sasso, Milène. "Candidoses invasives en réanimation : données épidémiologiques, élaboration d’un score prédictif et mise au point de PCR pour le diagnostic." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT008/document.
Full textPatients in intensive care units (ICU) are at very high risk of invasive candidiasis associated with high mortality rate. Candida species are the third cause of septicemia. Clinical signs lack of specificity and blood cultures lack of sensitivity, and therefore the diagnosis remains a challenge. In order to improve the identification of patients with invasive candidiasis, predictive rules, biomarkers and PCR have been developed. The first part of this work describes the evolution over a ten years period in one ICU in Candida species distribution, susceptibility to antifungal drugs and consumption of antifungal agents. Changes in antifungal drug consumption were observed but they were not associated with significant changes in fungal ecology or with the emergence of resistant species. In a second part, we present a prospective, observational and bicentric study performed in 435 non-neutropenic patients in ICU. Several variables (risk factors of invasive candidiasis, Candida colonization, mannan antigen and anti-mannan antibodies) were analyzed and a predictive score of invasive candidiasis has been developed. Finally, the last part presents the development of Candida real-time PCR in blood, as well as the evaluation of a digital PCR
Haddadi, Ahmed Zine El Abidine. "Construction d’un score prédictif du risque nosocomial pour des patients de réanimation." Thesis, Lille 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LIL2S039/document.
Full textLimiting nosocomial infections is still a health challenge although the technical development has improved. They are inherent in medical care and the health care services have the highest prevalence. Indeed, whatever the service (surgical, medical or both), the patients life-giving process is under attack because of the emergence of one or several organ faillures;This generates a diagnostic and therapeutic arsenal which is often invasive.Among the consequences resulting from these infections we will take into account :i) a longer stay in hospitalii) an extra costiii) a higher mortality rateiv) bacterial resistance .If we could anticipate upstream and downstream this issue with complex origins and sometimes fatal consequences, it would be a major asset for patients and a strategic tool for medical teams.The present study is organized in three parts, and first focusses onto the identification of the nosocomial event and death risk factors in intensive care where the study took place. We took into account the the case-mix of the intensive care unit in the TIMONE University Hospital. The study was made with two different statistic methods that is logistic regression and the competitive risks method.The next step first consisted in comparing the predictive capacities of the APACHE II, LOD, SOFA and SAPS II scores in nosocomial patients hospitalized in intensive care . Then it tried to determine if the variation of the LOD, SOFA, APACHEII and SAPS II scores was a prognostic risk factor.Results showed that the best predictive performance was objectively measured by the SOFA and that only the variation of this score between the first day in hospital and the day of the diagnosis of a nosocomial infection, calculated thanks to the AUC, could be predictive of a nosocomal risk. After these steps, and with the results calculated , the construction of a predictive score could be established thanks to the logistic regression method. The objective of this score is to help, or even influence the prescribing doctors when they take decisions or when they try to adjust their therapeutic practices
Ledaguenel, Patrick. "Detection des lithiases de la voie biliaire principale : proposition d'un score prédictif." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR23010.
Full textCordet, Frédéric. "Sédation et endoscopie digestive haute : étude d'un score prédictif, revue bibliographique et recommandations." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR23050.
Full textPessaux, Patrick. "Complications infectieuses en chirurgie non colo-rectale : facteurs de risque et élaboration de score prédictif." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10070.
Full textBrönnimann, Anne. "Etude des facteurs prédictifs de la dégradation ostéo-cartilagineuse de la polyarthrite rhumatoi͏̈de débutante : étude muticentrique sur 191 patients après trois ans d'évolution de la polyarthrite rhumatoi͏̈de." Montpellier 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON11109.
Full textNkam, Beriye Dorette Lionelle. "Prédiction du pronostic des patients atteints de muscoviscidose." Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CNAM1162/document.
Full textCystic Fibrosis is unfortunately an incurable inherited disorder. Despite real progress in research, it is essential to always have a better understanding of the disease in order to provide suitable treatments to patients. Current treatments mostly aim to reduce the disease symptoms without curing it. Lung transplantation is proposed to cystic fibrosis patients with terminal respiratory failure with the aim of improving life expectancy and quality of life. However, criteria for referring patients for lung transplantation still vary widely among transplant centers. It is necessary to guide clinicians in identifying in a good way patients requiring an evaluation for lung transplantation. It is thus important to clearly identify prognostic factors related to lung transplantation and to predict in a good way the occurrence of this event in patients with cystic fibrosis. The aim of this work was to develop prognostic tools to assist clinicians in the evaluation of different therapeutic options related to lung transplantation. First, we reevaluated prognostic factors of lung transplantation or death in adult with cystic fibrosis. indeed, therapeutic progress in patients with cystic fibrosis has resulted in improved prognosis over the past decades. We identified prognostic factors related to the current state of research in the cystic fibrosis field. We further developed a joint model with latent classes which provided dynamic predictions for lung transplantation or death. This model identified three profile of the evolution of the disease and was able to update the risk of lung transplantation or death taking into account the evolution of the longitudinal marker FEV1 which describes the lung function. These prognostic models were developed using the French cystic fibrosis registry and provided good predictive accuracies in terms of discrimination and calibration
Gimbergues, Pierre. "Le ganglion sentinelle post chimiothérapie." Phd thesis, Université d'Auvergne - Clermont-Ferrand I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00719621.
Full textNarbey, David. "Epidémiologie des hémolyses post transfusionnelles retardées chez les patients drépanocytaires adultes : incidence, facteurs de risque et construction d’un score prédictif." Thesis, Paris Est, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PESC0017.
Full textDelayed hemolytic transfusion reaction (DHTR) is a life-threatening complication of transfusion in sickle cell disease (SCD). The frequency of DHTR is underestimated and no predictive fac-tors for identifying patients likely to develop DHTR have yet been defined. We conducted a prospective single-center observational study over 30 months. We included 694 transfusion epi-sodes (TE) in 311 adult patients, divided into occasional TE (OTE: 360) and TE during a chronic program (CTE: 334). During follow-up, 15 cases of DHTR were recorded, exclusively after OTEs. DHTR cumulative incidence durin the 30 months was 4.2% per OTE (95% CI [2.6, 6.9]) or 66.8% per patient (95% CI [4.2, 11.3]). The incidence rate was 16.4 DHTR per 1000 OTE-Year (95% CI [10.1, 27.2]) or 27.1 DHTR per 1000 Person-Year (95% CI [16.7 ; 45.0]). We studied 11 additional DHTR cases to construct a score for predicting DHTR after OTE. Fifteen % of the 26 DHTR patients died. The variables retained in the multivariate model were history of DHTR, number of units previously transfused and immunization status before transfusion. The score adequacy was excellent (Hosmer-Lemeshow = 1.40, p = 0.71), very satisfactory dis-criminant capacity (area under ROC curve = 0.85, p <0.0001), negative-predictive value of 98.4% and a positive-predictive value of 50%. The internal validity of the score, realized by Bootstrap, shows a very good performance.We report, for the first time, the incidence of DHTR and we show that DHTR developed only in OTE. We also describe a simple score for predicting DHTR in patients undergoing occasional transfusion, to facilitate the management of blood transfusion in SCD patients
Iacobelli, Silvia. "Facteurs cliniques périnatals et paramètres biologiques prédictifs du pronostic chez l'enfant prématuré." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967931.
Full textSbidian, Émilie. "Evolution et facteurs pronostiques de la Neurofibromatose 1." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA11T064/document.
Full textNeurofibromatosis-1 (NF1) is a common autosomal dominant condition which is a source of various multisystemic manifestations related either to the accumulation of neurofibromas or to specific developmental abnormalities. There are no obvious factors that predict disease progression. Thus, the aim of our project was to characterize the phenotype of NF1 patients with a severe prognosis. Patients were identified among adults with NF-1 followed up in the Réseau NF-France. The Réseau NF-France is a French medical network devoted to neurofibromatosis 1. It has elaborated recommendations for the management of the disease and recommended a coordinated follow-up in specialized multidisciplinary centres. About 2 500 patients were enrolled. We first evaluated the mortality in a large retrospective cohort of NF1 patients. The standardized mortality ratio (SMR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI) was calculated as the ratio of observed over expected numbers of deaths. Between 1980 and 2006, 1895 NF1 patients were seen. The excess mortality occurred among patients aged 10 to 20 years (SMR=5.2; CI, 2.6-9.3; P<10-4) and 20 to 40 years (SMR, 4.1; 2.8-5.8; P<10-4). The main cause of death was the malignant tumors of the nerve sheath (MPNSTs) developing from preexisting internal neurofibromas. Then, a case-control study including 208 patients with NF1 allowed us to explain the increased risk of mortality among NF1 patients harboring subcutaneous neurofibromas (SC-NF) by the presence of internal neurofibromas (NF) at risk of MPNSTs systematically investigated with imaging (MRI) (OR=4.3, IC95% : 2.2 – 8.2). The association with SC-NF was stronger for patients with ten or more SC-NFs (OR=82, IC95% : 10.4 – 647.9) and for diffuse (OR=14.7, IC95% : 3.8 – 57.3), and ≥ 3 cm (OR=6.3, IC95% : 2.3 – 17.4) internal neurofibromas. Patients with SC-NF constituted 20 to 30% of the NF1 population. So, to characterize patients at risk of developping MPNSTs, we developped and validated a clinical score for predicting internal neurofibromas in adults. Four variables were independently associated with internal neurofibromas: at least two subcutaneous neurofibromas (OR=4.7, IC95% : 2.1 – 10.5), age ≤30 years (OR=3.1, IC95% : 1.4 – 6.8), absence of cutaneous neurofibromas (OR=2.6, IC95% : 0.9 – 7.5), and fewer than six café-au-lait spots (OR=2, IC95% : 0.9 – 4.6). The NF1Score was computed as 10 . [age ≤30 years] + 10 • [absence of cutaneous neurofibromas] + 15 • [≥2 subcutaneous neurofibromas] + 5 • [<6 café-au-lait spots]). Calibration was excellent (Hosmer-Lemeshow statistic=4.53; degrees of freedom=7; P>0.5) and discrimination was good (AUC-ROC= 0.75; 95%CI, 0.7-0.8). Finally clinical expressivity is variable and manifestations of NF1 change at different times in an individual’s life. Consequently, a specific study was needed in pediatric patients. We identified easily recognizable clinical characteristics associated with internal neurofibromas in children with NF1. By multivariate analysis, age (OR=1.1, IC95% : 1.0 – 1.2), xanthogranulomas (OR=4.5, IC95% : 0.9 – 21.7), and presence of both subcutaneous and plexiform neurofibromas (OR=5.0, IC95% : 1.8 – 13.6) were independently associated with internal neurofibromas. Moreover internal neurofibromas increased during adolescence. Excess risk of developing internal neurofibromas seems to occur between the adolescence and the age of to 30 in NF1 patients. These clinical features in adults and children would define a new population at risk for complications that may need closer clinical and imaging follow-up
Claudel, Clotilde. "Inférence fonctionnelle et prédiction de voies métaboliques.Application à la bactérie fixatrice d'azote Sinorhizobium meliloti." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00104955.
Full textDans un premier temps, nous avons développé une méthode automatique de prédiction de fonction spécifique des enzymes. Cette méthode nommée PRIAM (PRofils pour l'Identification Automatique du Métabolisme) repose sur la nomenclature des enzymes et sur la construction automatique d'un jeu de profils spécifiques des fonctions enzymatiques. Puis, cette méthode permet d'identifier les enzymes dans un génome complet et de visualiser les résultats obtenus sur les graphes des voies métaboliques de la base de données KEGG.
Dans un second temps, cette méthode a été appliquée sur le génome de la bactérie fixatrice d'azote Sinorhizobium meliloti et nous a permis l'analyse des voies métaboliques spécifiques de cet organisme symbiote.
Dall'Anese, Rémy. "Essai de détermination d'un score prédictif et pronostique de la maladie coronarienne par l'épreuve d'effort sur cycloergonomètre en analyse multivariée, à partir de 106 patients." Bordeaux 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000BOR23078.
Full textGuimbaud, Jean-Baptiste. "Enhancing Environmental Risk Scores with Informed Machine Learning and Explainable AI." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10188.
Full textFrom conception onward, environmental factors such as air quality or dietary habits can significantly impact the risk of developing various chronic diseases. Within the epidemiological literature, indicators known as Environmental Risk Scores (ERSs) are used not only to identify individuals at risk but also to study the relationships between environmental factors and health. A limit of most ERSs is that they are expressed as linear combinations of a limited number of factors. This doctoral thesis aims to develop ERS indicators able to investigate nonlinear relationships and interactions across a broad range of exposures while discovering actionable factors to guide preventive measures and interventions, both in adults and children. To achieve this aim, we leverage the predictive abilities of non-parametric machine learning methods, combined with recent Explainable AI tools and existing domain knowledge. In the first part of this thesis, we compute machine learning-based environmental risk scores for mental, cardiometabolic, and respiratory general health for children. On top of identifying nonlinear relationships and exposure-exposure interactions, we identified new predictors of disease in childhood. The scores could explain a significant proportion of variance and their performances were stable across different cohorts. In the second part, we propose SEANN, a new approach integrating expert knowledge in the form of Pooled Effect Sizes (PESs) into the training of deep neural networks for the computation of extit{informed environmental risk scores}. SEANN aims to compute more robust ERSs, generalizable to a broader population, and able to capture exposure relationships that are closer to evidence known from the literature. We experimentally illustrate the approach's benefits using synthetic data, showing improved prediction generalizability in noisy contexts (i.e., observational settings) and improved reliability of interpretation using Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) methods compared to an agnostic neural network. In the last part of this thesis, we propose a concrete application for SEANN using data from a cohort of Spanish adults. Compared to an agnostic neural network-based ERS, the score obtained with SEANN effectively captures relationships more in line with the literature-based associations without deteriorating the predictive performances. Moreover, exposures with poor literature coverage significantly differ from those obtained with the agnostic baseline method with more plausible directions of associations.In conclusion, our risk scores demonstrate substantial potential for the data-driven discovery of unknown nonlinear environmental health relationships by leveraging existing knowledge about well-known relationships. Beyond their utility in epidemiological research, our risk indicators are able to capture holistic individual-level non-hereditary risk associations that can inform practitioners about actionable factors in high-risk individuals. As in the post-genetic era, personalized medicine prevention will focus more and more on modifiable factors, we believe that such approaches will be instrumental in shaping future healthcare paradigms
Auclin, Édouard. "Modélisation statistique de la valeur pronostique d'un paramètre et proposition d'un score intégratif : application dans le cancer du colon localisé." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCE010.
Full textThe study of patients’ prognosis, that is to say the ability to predict the occurrence of an event, is a central problem in oncology. Several guidelines for the study of factor and the creation of a prognostic score exist, in particular the one by D. Vernerey et al (NNT 2016BESA3004). The aims of studying prognosis for patients with a localized colon cancer are: i) to help clinician decide whether adjuvant chemotherapy should be administered for stage II colon cancer, ii) to decrease over treatment for stage III colon cancer and thus decrease the oxaliplatin related neuropathy, iii) to better stratify and design the clinical trials.The aims of this PhD thesis were, firstly, to summarize the known prognostic factors for localized colon cancer (specifically for stage III colon cancer), secondly to identify and better understand an appropriate and rigorous methodology for the precise evaluation of a prognostic factor, and finally to apply this methodology in order to construct a prognostic tool for the prediction of recurrence or death in localized colon cancer.The first step of this work was to analyse precisely the prognostic value of a well known underestimated biological marker: the carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA). Indeed, the cut-point value for “normal” CEA is debated in the literature. We showed that patients with a value of post operative CEA considered as normal were in fact a very heterogeneous population in term of risk of recurrence and death. We modelled the relation between CEA level and disease free and overall survivals, then we validated a lower cut-point value for CEA which better predicted the risk of recurrence or death. This work was lead in two cohorts: one of stage II colon cancer (MOSAIC trial), and one of stage III colon cancer (MOSAIC trial and external validation in the PETACC-8 trial). In the patients with stage II colon cancer, we found a predictive value of the CEA level: only patients with high risk stage II colon cancer with a high post operative CEA level benefited from the oxaliplatin addition to the fluorouracile chemotherapy backbone.The second step of this work was to apply Vernerey’s methodology for the creation of a prognostic score in stage III colon cancer. In this study, we created four models in order to analyse the input of different kinds of variables in the prognosis assessment: clinical, pathological, biological, and molecular variables. We showed that the addition of pathological, biological and molecular variables increased significantly the performance of the prediction model. Then we created a score and a nomogram for each survival endpoint with a good discrimination (c-index=0.70 for disease free survival, and 0.73 for overall survival). However, no predictive value was found for these scores in term of chemotherapy benefit. This study will have to be validated externally.To conclude, a rigorous methodological approach leads to better evaluation and utilisation of prognostic factors, and helps create effective tools answering clinical questions
Robin, Christine. "Infections fongiques compliquant les hémopathies et les greffes de cellules souches : incidence, facteurs de risque, mortalité, et développement de scores prédictifs décisionnels pour améliorer la pertinence des prophylaxies." Thesis, Paris Est, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PESC0056/document.
Full textFungal infections are a common complication of hematology patients and especially in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. The objective of this work was to identify intrinsic risk factors for fungal infections and transmission.We first studied invasive aspergillosis (IA), which is the most common fungal infection after HSCT by crossing data from the European HSCT registry ProMise and the prospective study database SAIF. We conducted a nested case-control study in a cohort of 185 cases and 651 matched controls. Factors associated with onset of aspergillosis were total body irradiation, acute GVHD grade ≥2, and relapse of the underlying disease. Thirty-five IA were early ( D100). The factor associated with the occurrence of an early IA was the absence of engraftment. The factor associated with the occurrence of late IA was acute grade 3-4 GvH. Factors associated with the occurrence of very late IA were acute GVHD grade ≥2, relapse, and secondary neutropenia. All pre-transplant factors were supplanted by post-transplant factors.Then we studied the transmission of fungal infection by studying a pneumocystosis outbreak occurring in the hematology department. Twelve cases occurred within 7 months. Molecular analysis showed that 4 of them belonged to the same genotype, which is a rare genotype never described in a series of more than 300 genotypes in Europe. The transmission map permitted to identify that these 4 patients met only in the daycare center. This study is the first molecular demonstration of a pneumocystis outbreak in a hematology ward
Bohossian, Nora. "Pharmacogénomique de la sclérose en plaques : méthodes et applications." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2244/.
Full textThe field of genetics is rapidly expanding and evolving. As more and more is understood on the genetics of complex human traits, a natural question arises as to how these findings can be translated to the everyday medical practice. While a little more than a decade ago sequencing the entire human genome was achieved by the largest international scientific collaboration ever undertaken in biology, today it is not farfetched to expect that in the near future obtaining the genetic profile of each patient may become routine medical practice. Pharmacogenomics, a blend of pharmacology and genomics, aims to determine the most suitable treatment for each patient as a function of his or her genetic makeup. Pharmacogenomic studies have increasingly provided evidence that there are gains to be achieved by incorporating genetic information when determining the optimal treatment choice for a patient. The case of warfarin, an anticoagulant, has often been considered as one of the most motivating success stories to pursue such type of studies. The success as well as the need of such studies, however, depend on a multitude of factors and vary greatly across traits. The objective of this thesis is to evaluate the current state of the art for Multiple Sclerosis (MS), a debilitating neurological disorder affecting primarily young adults. To date, no cure exists for MS but a number of disease-modifying therapies have been approved with varying degree of efficacy and toxicity. So far, little is known on the genetic factors that influence response to treatment in MS patients. Moreover, even if such factors are known apriori, evaluating and proving their utility at the clinical level is not as straightforward as one may be inclined to think. In this thesis, we highlight why the road to translate such findings to medical practice remains rough and challenging. In particular, relying on the association and prediction studies that we have conducted, we expose the design and limitations of each and discuss model choice in each context. Specifically, we conducted single-marker association analysis of response to interferon-bêta in MS patients. We compared single-marker to multi-marker models in the context of association and also in that of prediction using both real and simulated datasets. Different approaches to multi-marker modeling exist. We focused on polygenic score analyses and Bayesian estimation methods and evaluated several of the properties of these modeling approaches. Our findings showed that, in the context of association, the use of more complex and computationally heavy multi-marker models that has been recently advocated may lead to little, if any, benefit over the classical single-marker association analysis. On the other hand, multi-marker models that take into account the effect of many markers simultaneously clearly appear better suited to predict genetic risk. Nevertheless, focusing on polygenic score analyses, we demonstrated that many factors such as the study sample size and the heritability of the trait influence the predictive performance of a model. Pharmacogenomic studies may revolutionize patient care. However, in all the excitement of the promise that they hold, in the concluding part of this thesis we also address the social, ethical and economic issues that they raise
Méry, Benoîte. "Complications cardiovasculaires et cancer du sein : magnitude et challenges." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LYSES018.
Full textBreast cancer remains the main cause or death and the most frequent cancer in women in developed countries with more than 52.000 new cases per year in France. Breast cancer and cardiovascular diseases share common risk factors and compete for the first place in morbidity and mortality, making the patient with breast cancer, a patient at high cardiovascular risk, which goes beyond cardiovascular toxicity or cancer treatments. If the prognosis of patients wilh breast cancer has improved thanks to the enrichment of the therapeuthic arsenal and generalized screening, with 5-year survival rates close to 90%, cardiovascular disease events constitute one of the most worrying complications, and can occur throughout breast cancer treatment, but also in the long term, consequently impacting. the effectiveness of treatments, prognosis and patient survival. lndeed, cardiovascular disease events represents the leading cause or death in patients with breast cancer. However, at the present time there are no specific tools making it possible to identify patients with high risk of developing a cardiovascular desease during the treatment of breast cancer and therefore for monitoring and implement preventive treatment. At the same time. there are no specific recommandations for this particular population concerning the monitoring and management or patients when cardiovascular disease events occur. This thesis aims to explore the complex interactions between breast cancer and cardiovascular pathologies, through the determination or the prevalence or cardiovascular disease events within a population with breast cancer, the identificalion of predictive risk factors for the occurrence or cardiovascular events, and external validation of a predictive score to ultimate improve the prognosis and quality of life of patients treated fort breast cancer
Sbidian, Emilie. "Evolution et facteurs pronostiques de la Neurofibromatose 1." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00853858.
Full textHoang-Thy, Nhac-Vu. "Contribution à une meilleure compréhension du devenir des blessés de la route : évaluation des conséquences à un an dans une cohorte ESPARR." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01071748.
Full textLeneuve, Dorilas Malika. "Les facteurs de risque de la naissance prématurée en Guyane Française Rosk factors for premature birth in French Guiana: the importance of reducing health inegalities Predictive factors of preterms delivery in French Guiana for singleton pregnancies: definition and validation of a predictive score Risk Factors for Very Preterm Births in French Guiana : The Burden of Induced Preterm Birth African ancestry and the threshold defining preterm delivery: in French Guiana black babies born at 36 weeks are as vulnerable as white babies." Thesis, Guyane, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019YANE0003.
Full textContext and objective: French Guiana, an overseas department and region, has nearly 8,000 births per year.Since 1992, the proportion of premature births, although stable, has remained high at around 13.5%, almost double that of France (7%) (data from the Pregnancy Outcome Register and national perinatal survey). While in most countries we see an increase in prematurity, we could, wrongly, be satisfied with a non-increase in the prematurity rate that would reflect progress. However, deaths from perinatal causes remain one of the main causes of premature mortality in French Guiana and partly explain the gap with France in terms of life expectancy at birth.Given this lack of improvement in the prematurity rate, it seems important to better understand the factors that make prematurity so frequent and so difficult to control in French Guiana. The thesis focused on identifying the predictive factors of prematurity with the ultimate aim of contributing to improving the care of pregnant women and curbing the curve of the prematurity rate. Methodology: This research work is divided into 4 areas of investigation:- A descriptive retrospective study, based on data from the RIGI (Register of Computerized Pregnancy Outcomes) 2013-2014 of 12,983 viable births in the department,- The development of a predictive prematurity score from the 2013-2014 RIGI, compared to the 2015 RIGI data of 6,914 viable births,- A case-control etiological study of extreme prematurity, monocentric, from February 2016 to January 2017 in the only type III health-care institution in the French Guiana Region,- Analysis of the average term at birth and morbidity and mortality from the RIG (Register of Pregnancy Outcomes) 2002-2007 of 35,648 viable births and the RIGI 2013-2014.Results:Over the study period, the proportion of preterm births was 13.5% (1,755/12,983). The proportion of spontaneous prematurity was 51.3% , compared to 48.7% of induced prematurity. More than half (57.2% or 7 421/12 983) of the study population had social security, but 9.3% had no social security coverage. The lack of social security coverage was a risk factor for prematurity with an adjusted OR of 1.9 CI at 95% [1.6-2.3] p=0.0001. Similarly, with regard to pregnancy management, the absence of prenatal care as well as that of birth preparation would double the risk of premature birth. For pathologies associated with pregnancy, pre-eclampsia syndrome was the main dysgravidia associated with the risk of prematurity (OR adjusted by 6.7[95% CI =5.6-8.1] p=0.0001). Finally, the fairly common hypothesis that part of the high prematurity rate is related to the fact that black babies are more mature and black mothers give birth physiologically a little earlier did not emerge in our analyses. Indeed, there was no statistically significant difference in morbidity and mortality for infants born to Afro-Caribbean mothers and Caucasian women. Conclusion: The work carried out has identified many factors associated with prematurity, factors already described elsewhere. Although at the individual level it was impossible to predict who would give birth prematurely, the weight of social factors and poor follow-up suggested that a population-based approach might be appropriate. Thus, the most vulnerable women often reside in well-identified areas that could be the subject of targeted actions to improve follow-up and identify complications. This problem of social inequalities in health goes well beyond prematurity and is found for almost all pathologies, suggesting that there are synergies to be sought and that the population scale is undoubtedly strategic. The weight of preeclampsia as a risk factor for induced prematurity in French Guiana raises questions: indeed, it seems much more important than elsewhere for reasons that remain to be clarified
Idbenjra, Khaoula. "Essays on Segmented-Modeling Approaches for Business Analytical Applications." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lille (2022-....), 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ULILA027.
Full textThe increasing complexities of financial decision-making, intensified by recent financial crises, necessitate transparent advanced predictive modeling, especially in the realms of credit scoring and customer retention. This dissertation explores the significant merits of hybrid segmentation-based models, with a pivotal focus on the Logit Leaf Model (LLM), across varied applications: Business-to-Business (B2B) customer retention, credit scoring, and Non-Performing Loan (NPL) management. The exigency for robust, interpretable, and flexible analytical tools has been amplified, especially against the backdrop of modern financial and economic challenges. Thus, this research meticulously interweaves findings from three pivotal studies to explore and critique the functionality, applicability, and merit of the LLM in diverse contexts.The study in chapter 2 highlights LLM's applicability in B2B scenarios, where customer retention becomes crucial. The study shows how the LLM can improve strategies for B2B customer retention by using uplift modeling and providing essential insights to managers through specific, overall, and segment-level visualizations that strengthen managerial decision-making. The second study, presented in chapter 3, explores the field of credit scoring, spotlighting LLM's superior predictive performance and exceptional interpretability, which makes it stand out amidst traditional models like logistic regression and decision trees, and even when compared to advanced models such as neural networks.Chapter 4, introducing the third study, offers a detailed analysis using the Logit Leaf Model (LLM) to demonstrate its capability to predict and comprehend the complexities of Non-Performing Loans (NPLs). This is achieved through a thorough examination of debtor, loan, and macroeconomic features. The model's ability to concurrently provide precise predictions and yield practical insights, when compared with various alternate credit risk models, accentuates its practicality in managing financial risk, especially within retail banking scenarios.Through a thorough exploration and combination of the studies mentioned above, this dissertation highlights the LLM's varied abilities in navigating through different but inherently data-driven fields. It raises discussion on the usefulness of hybrid segmentation-based models in making complex decisions, praising the LLM for its ability to combine predictive power with interpretability and act as a powerful tool across various applications. The dissertation also suggests areas for future research in chapter 5, encouraging further exploration into the scalability, adaptability, and potential improvements of the LLM across various sectors and analytical challenges
Seners, Pierre. "Recanalisation artérielle précoce après thrombolyse intraveineuse d’un accident ischémique cérébral avec occlusion artérielle proximale : incidence, prédiction et physiopathologie Indicidence and predictors of early recanalization following IV thrombolysis. A systematic review and meta-analysis Post-thrombolysis recanalization in stroke referrals for thrombectomy: Incidence, predictors and prediction scores Relationships between brain perfusion and early recanalization after intravenous thrombolysis for acute stroke with large vessel occlusion Better collaterals are independently associated with post-thrombolysis recanalization before thrombectomy Thrombus length predicts lack of post-thrombolysis early recanalization in minor stroke with large vessel occlusion Early recanalization in tenecteplase vs. alteplase-treated drip-and-ship patients referred for thrombectomy." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB222.
Full textIn acute stroke patients with large-vessel occlusion (LVO), the goal of intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) is to achieve early recanalization. Whether all patients with LVO need to undergo intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) before mechanical thrombectomy (MT) – i.e. bridging therapy, which is standard-of-care since 2015 – is debated as: i) thrombolysis may be harmful in patients unlikely to recanalize following IVT; and, ii) conversely, transfer for MT may be unnecessary in patients highly likely to recanalize. It is therefore timely and important to investigate the mechanisms and predictors of post-IVT recanalization, since the findings could have major clinical implications, such as the development of more efficient intravenous therapies, as well as moving towards personalized medicine, involving the selection of individual patients for best therapy, i.e., IVT alone, bridging, or MT alone. In the present thesis, we studied the incidence and predictors of post-IVT early recanalization in a large French multicentric cohort of acute stroke with LVO (n=1107), where all patients were treated with IVT and referred for MT between 2015 and 2017. Recanalization was evaluated on first intracranial angiogram or non-invasive vascular imaging within the first 3h following IVT start. The incidence of early recanalization following IVT was substantial in the overall cohort, occurring in ~1 in 5 patients. Thrombus site and length, time elapsed between IVT start and recanalization assessment, and quality of the leptomeningeal collateral flow or severity of hypoperfusion, were all independently associated with early recanalization occurrence. These findings are novel and important, and shed new light on the mechanisms underlying post-IVT recanalization. A six-point score derived from the three former variables afforded >90% specificity for no-recanalization, but did not reliably predict occurrence of early recanalization. This score should prove of value for patient selection into trials, testing e.g. bridging therapy vs. MT alone, but may not be used to support decisions to withhold referral for MT. In the subgroup of LVO patients with minor neurological symptoms (NIHSS score <6), in whom the optimal treatment is unknown, we found that thrombus length was a powerful independent predictor of no-recanalization, and that the optimal cutoff (9mm) had a high sensitivity/specificity ratio for no-recanalization, which may help design randomized trials aiming to test bridging therapy vs. IVT alone in this population. Lastly, unlike the EXTEND-IA TNK randomized trial which found 2-fold higher early recanalization rate before mechanical MT following IVT with tenecteplase as compared to alteplase in patients directly admitted to MT-capable centres, we found similar early recanalization rates with these two thrombolytic agents in patients transferred for MT from a non MT-capable centre (i.e., with longer IVT-to-MT delays than in EXTEND-IA TNK), currently the most frequently encountered clinical situation. Taken together, these data suggest that recanalization may occur earlier with tenecteplase, which if confirmed would have clinical relevance. Towards further clarifying the pathophysiology of post-thrombolysis early recanalization failure and develop more efficient intravenous therapies for acute ischemic stroke, specific studies will need to address two additional potentially important predictors of early recanalization, namely haemostatic biomarkers and thrombus composition
Santucci, Lara. "Évaluation de nouvelles méthodes de prédiction et de dépistage précoce de l’albuminurie chez les patients avec diabète de type 2." Thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/24507.
Full textType 2 diabetes (T2D) is a serious chronic disease and its prevalence keeps increasing all over the world. The most severe and common diabetes complication is nephropathy of which the first symptom is albuminuria. Our first objective is to evaluate if early screening of albuminuria allows for a better patient care of this condition in general practitioner practice. Our second objective is to validate the efficacy of our polygenetic risk score (PRS) on the risk prediction of albuminuria on Canadian cohort composed of hypertensive TD2 patients from groupe de médecine familiale (GMF) and family health team (FHT) in Quebec and in Ontario (CLINPRADIA I). The PRS identified the 30% of T2D patients at high risk of developing albuminuria. Indeed, the albuminuria prevalence of the 30% of subjects at high genetic risk based on the PRS was 2.6 times higher than the remaining patients of CLINPRADIA I. In the same cohort, we established that the introduction of the point of care testing (POCT) improves the practice and the adherence of physicians to the guidelines for the treatment of albuminuria. The values of albuminuria and the number of patients with albuminuria decreased significantly after the introduction of the POCT. We can conclude from our results that the use of our PRS enables the early identification of the patients at high risk of albuminuria while the POCT enables the early detection of patients with albuminuria who benefited from an early intervention.
Attaoua, Redha. "Investigation génétique de NAFLD dans le diabète de type 2 via construction d’un modèle de prédiction de la maladie et par criblage du locus PNPLA3-SAMM50." Thèse, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/23636.
Full textNon-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a liver disorder more frequent in type 2 diabetes (T2D) and is associated with complications such as mortality. For this reason, establishing non-invasive tools for predicting NAFLD is crucial. My master’s project aimed to establish genetic markers for NAFLD in T2D using two strategies: 1) a non-targeted selection of genetic markers (SNPs) by the LASSO method and 2) a targeted selection of SNPs reported as associated with the disease or its related abnormalities. A population involving 4098 patients with T2D and Caucasian ancestry was used. Summary statistics data of pangenomic studies were exploited for the selection of SNPs to be involved in the polygenic risk score (PRS). I also designed a model of 3210 SNPs adjusted by covariates and able to predict the high rates of ALT (AUC=0.69) and non-cardiovascular death (AUC=0.66). Mapping of the candidate locus PNPLA3-SAMM50 allowed the observation of diversity in terms of genetic association with the metabolic abnormalities such as ALT (surrogate of NAFLD) (rs2294915, P = 1.83x10-7), non-cardiovascular death (rs2294917, P = 3.9x10-4) and the efficiency of the intensive antidiabetic therapy within a subgroup in the population (individuals with GG of rs16991236, P = 0.007). My studies allowed for a better understanding of the genetic background of NAFLD in T2D and open perspectives for establishing more adequate tools for diagnosis and follow-up of the disease.
Béland, Sarah-Gabrielle. "Développement et validation d’un index de prédiction des risques d’institutionnalisation et de décès pour le contrôle des variables confondantes non-mesurées dans la population âgée." Thèse, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/6245.
Full textConfounding is an important challenge in observational studies given that they are induced by characteristics difficult, if not impossible, to measure in administrative claims databases. Prescription channelling is a frequent source of confounding in pharmacoepidemiologic studies, and occurs when the selection of one treatment over another is influenced by overall health status and patient's experience with other treatment options. Among the methods available to control for this bias, comorbidity scores are frequently used. Most of the comorbidity scores published in the literature assess the patients’ health status through drug dispensing or diagnostic codes included in physicians’ billings. These comorbidity scores, however, are controversial since their performance appears to vary according to the population of interest ( example: elderly vs. adult). The objectives of this thesis were to develop, validate and compare the performance of two comorbidity scores (the Geriatric Comorbidity Score based on death, and a comorbidity score based on institutionalization) derived from dispensing data for use in the community-dwelling elderly population. Furthermore, this thesis aimed to evaluate whether the inclusion of characteristics not usually included in administrative claims databases or with a low validity (such as sociodemographic characteristics, sleep or mental disorders) improves the performance of the Geriatric Comorbidity Score. A nested case-control analysis was conducted within a cohort that consisted of a random sample of 87,389 elderly distributed into a construction cohort (n=61,172; 70%) and a validation cohort (n=26,217; 30%). Sources of data consisted of the databases of the Régie de l’assurance maladie du Québec (RAMQ). To be included in the study, subjects had to be 66 years and older and covered by the public drug insurance program of Quebec between 1st January 2000 and 31st December 2009. Scores were developed using the Framingham Heart Study method, and their performances were assessed using the c-statistics and receiver operating curves (ROC). For the last objective, a prospective cohort study was performed using the participants in the Étude sur la Santé des Aînés (ESA) (n=1,494) which covered the period ranging from 2005 to 2008. Study variables included marital status, social support, mental health as well as sleep disorders. The comprehensive literature review conducted in the thesis and our results revealed that factors associated with death greatly differed from those associated with institutionalization, which supported the need to develop two distinct scores. Performances of the institutionalization score were, however, not statistically different from the death score (institutionalization c-statistic = 0.79; 95% CI: 0.77-0.81; death c-statistic= 0.75; 95% CI: 0.73-0.78). The Geriatric Comorbidity Score (death score) revealed a better performance than the Chronic Disease Score, which has been widely used in the literature (c-statistic= 0.47; 95%CI: 0.45-0.49). The inclusion of variables not recorded in claims databases yielded an improvement of the death score of only 11%, with marital status and social support being mainly responsible for the improvement. In terms of achievement, this thesis made three contributions. First, it was shown that the performance of comorbidity scores based on death vary according to the study population, reinforcing the need for specific scores, such as the Geriatric Comorbidity Score which was developed here. Second, factors associated with the risk of institutionalization were different than those associated with the risk of death in the elderly population, which supported the development of an institutionalization score. Even if the performance of death and institutionalization scores were similar, the latter would be preferred in studies that aim at assessing the effect of drugs on institutionalisation in the elderly. Lastly, the results indicate that the absence of some characteristics in the administrative databases do not appear to have a major impact on the performance of scores based on claims data. Consequently, comorbidity scores based on drug dispensing data remain important research tools for pharmacoepidemiologic studies conducted through health claims databases.
Dufresne, Marie-Hélène. "Impact de la réussite au traitement de la délinquance sexuelle sur la récidive, en lien avec les scores obtenus au PCL-R, au SORAG et à la Statique-99." Thèse, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16985.
Full text