Academic literature on the topic 'Score gain'
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Journal articles on the topic "Score gain"
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Roberts, Dennis M., and Donald J. Burrill. "Gain Score Grading Revisited." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 14, no. 1 (October 25, 2005): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.1995.tb00851.x.
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K. R., Dr Ranganath, Dr Sameeta M. Prabhu, Dr Pavan T. Kumar, and Dr M. Govindaraj. "No pain, much to gain!!" Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research 7, no. 7 (October 30, 2020): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/ijpr.2020.i07.01.
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Background: Vaccination is an integral aspect of a pediatrician's practice. The fear associated withpain is a common problem. Alleviating this pain, not only puts the child at ease but also reduces theapprehension some parents have. Our objective was to evaluate local analgesic use during childhoodimmunization, its efficacy, and assessing how it serves as an advantage to the patient, theparents/guardian, and the medical personnel. Methodology: It was a randomized study. Data wascollected for a period of 1 year, from August 2018 to August 2019. Children from birth to 18 yearswere divided into 2 groups: case (local anesthetic i.e Lidocaine aerosol applied) and control (no localanesthetics applied). They were immunized as per NIS/IAP. The pain was assessed by a standardpain chart (Modified Behavioural Pain Scale (BPS). Result: Totally (including IM, SC, and IDinjections), the Local anesthesia group Median pain score was 6 and the No Local anesthesia groupMedian pain score was 8. There was a significant difference in pain scores between the two groups.Conclusion: The present study showed that local anesthetics could be applied quickly and withease. There was a significant difference in pain scores between the two groups (higher score beingin the group in which local anesthetics weren’t used). The reduction in the pain score, in turn,showed a significant difference in the attitude of the child, parent, as well as medical personnel.
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Mellenbergh, Gideon J. "A Note on Simple Gain Score Precision." Applied Psychological Measurement 23, no. 1 (March 1999): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01466216990231007.
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Mellenbergh, G. J. "A Note on Simple Gain Score Precision." Applied Psychological Measurement 23, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01466219922031211.
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Peirolo, Riccardo. "Information gain as a score for probabilistic forecasts." Meteorological Applications 18, no. 1 (February 22, 2011): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/met.188.
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Astuti, Irnin Agustina Dwi, and Yoga Budi Bhakti. "The Effect of the Microsoft Excel based Interactive Learning Media on the Physics Problem Solving." Indonesian Review of Physics 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/irip.v1i1.243.
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The physics problem solving is needed students to overcome the phenomenon of physics. The development of technology in physics learning is able to explain the concept of abstract physics. This study aims to know effect of use interactive learning media based Microsoft Excel on the physics problem solving. The subject on this media is Heat and Temperature. The research method used is pretest-postest controlled group design. The analysis technique is used t-test with SPSS 16.0 with a margin of error of 5%. The results of this study showed that the mean scores of post-test treatment class students significantly better than the average score post-test control class indicated by the average score of students' post-test treatment class at 80.26 and scores the average post-test control class at 68.00 and with SPSS analyze sig value is 0.000. While the average score gain results-physics students learn physics class treatment significantly better than the average score gain results Physics students learn physics-control class indicated by the average score of physics problem solving gain of 0.77 and the treatment class the average score gain control class student physics problem solving of 0.63.
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May, Kim, and James B. Hittner. "Further Observations on the Reliability and Validity of Gain Scores." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 2 (October 1998): 664–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.664.
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Williams and Zimmerman in 1998, when considering the reliability and validity of gain scores (g), proposed that combinations of pretest and posttest parameters favoring high reliability of gains are more likely in practice than are unfavorable combinations. It is argued here that this is an empirical question and that no support was given for their position. Further, those authors made a potentially misleading statement about the validity of the gain score. A final point is offered, namely, that the higher the pretest-posttest reliability, the lower the reliability of g.
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Schlaff, Rebecca A., Meghan Baruth, Samantha J. Deere, Ashley Boggs, and Anya Odabasic. "Associations between prenatal diet quality and gestational weight gain." Nutrition and Health 26, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106020903926.
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Background: Improving prenatal diet quality may promote appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG). Aim: To examine relationships between dietary quality in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and GWG. Methods: Participants’ ( n = 41) dietary intake was assessed at 14–20 and 35 weeks gestation via the Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall (ASA-24). Kilocalories and Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) scores were calculated and associations with GWG were explored via linear regression. Results: Participants reported consuming 2139 ± 719 and 2085 ± 704 kilocalories at 18 and 35 weeks, respectively. HEI-2015 total scores at 18 (55.6 ±12.6) and 35 weeks gestation (56.6 ± 14.1) indicated a need for improvement. Greens and beans component score at 35 weeks was the only diet quality score associated with GWG. Conclusions: GWG was not associated with most diet quality indices. However, vegetable intake may help to attenuate GWG. Future research should seek to elucidate relationships between GWG and dietary quality/intake to provide valuable insight for researchers and clinicians.
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Hariadi, M. Helmi, Jumadi Jumadi, Insih Wilujeng, Heru Kuswanto, Wulandari Wulandari, and Sri Sundari. "Inquiry Training Learning Model Assisted by Google Classroom to Improve Creative Thinking Skills of Senior High School Students." JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia) 8, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v8i2.17339.
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This study aimed at determining the effect of the inquiry training learning model assisted by Google Classroom in improving students' creative thinking skills. This research was quasi-experimental. Total samples were 32 students of SMAN 1 Banguntapan. The instrument test was essay test to measure the creative thinking skills. The first step of study was the given the pretest, then face-to-face learning and online learning at the time agreed upon with students. The final stage was carried out posttest to see the achievement of score after treatment. The results showed that the gain scores of creative thinking skill in students are categorized into three, namely: 62% of students with low category gain scores, 31% of students with moderate category gain scores, and 7% of students with high category gain scores. The average score of gain of creative thinking ability was 0.3 which was in the medium category. Based on these results, further research is needed with an emphasis on optimizing the use of Google Classroom and confirming knowledge construction in face-to-face learning.
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N.E., Makata, Agbapuonwu N.E., Ilo I.C., Obasi S.C., Chinweuba A.U., and Agu M.C. "Effect of Two Teaching Methods on Sexual Health Knowledge of In-School Adolescents in Enugu State, Nigeria." African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery 4, no. 5 (August 9, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-vvsemfoz.
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This quasi experimental study was designed to determine the effect of lecture and Socratic questioning teaching methods on mean sexual health knowledge gain of in-school adolescents in Enugu State, Nigeria. A sample of 310 senior secondary-two students in eight intact classes were drawn from 16,510 senior in-school adolescents using multi-stage sampling. Sexual health knowledge test comprising 50 items was used to test students’ knowledge of sexual health. Student t-test and ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses at α=0.05. There was significant difference in the mean sexual health knowledge gain scores of students taught with lecture and Socratic questioning methods (lecture x̄=9.25 > Socratic questioning x̄=7.25; p<0.01). There was statistically significant difference in the mean sexual health knowledge gain of students in urban and rural schools (P<0.001). Students in rural areas taught with lecture method had higher mean sexual health knowledge gain score (x̄=11.75) than those in the urban areas (x̄ = 7.50). Urban subjects taught with Socratic questioning had slightly higher mean sexual health knowledge gain score of x̄=7.26 compared to their rural counterparts that scored x̄=7.25. Lecture remains effective teaching method for improving sexual health knowledge of students. Health educators should use lecture methods for adolescents’ health instructions.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Score gain"
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Lusco, Ellen. "A Value-Added Analysis of Teacher Effects on Student Achievement." ScholarWorks@UNO, 2005. http://scholarworks.uno.edu/td/265.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the effects of teachers on student achievement using a longitudinal analysis. The analysis was based on the value-added assessment system implemented in Tennessee. In order to conduct this study, data were collected for two sets of students in one school district. The first set of students began Kindergarten in Spring 2000-Spring 2001 and continued to third grade in the Spring 2003-Spring 2004. The second set began Kindergarten in Spring 2001-Spring 2002 and went through second grade in the Spring 2003-Spring 2004 school year. Using mixed model ANOVAs modeled after Sanders' work, data were examined in thirteen separate analyses using nine independent variables. Year-to-year language arts differences, math differences, and reading differences on the ITBS were the dependent variables. In all of the year-to-year models, teachers were found to have a profound impact on student achievement. Prior achievement level was found to be another important factor in student achievement, with higher achieving students making consistently higher year-to-year gains than lower-achieving students.
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Steffen, Annika [Verfasser], and Reinhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Busse. "Development and Validation of a Risk Score predicting substantial Weight Gain over 5 Years in middle-aged European Men and Women / Annika Steffen. Betreuer: Reinhard Busse." Berlin : Universitätsbibliothek der Technischen Universität Berlin, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1019595256/34.
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Pride, Bryce L. "Sensitivity of Value Added School Effect Estimates to Different Model Specifications and Outcome Measures." Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4391.
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The Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) Model has been used to make many high-stakes decisions concerning schools, though it does not provide a complete assessment of student academic achievement and school effectiveness. To provide a clearer perspective, many states have implemented various Growth and Value Added Models, in addition to AYP. The purpose of this study was to examine two Value Added Model specifications, the Gain Score Model and the Layered Effects Model, to understand similarities and differences in school effect results. Specifically, this study correlated value added school effect estimates, which were derived from two model specifications and two outcome measures (mathematics and reading test scores).
Existing data were obtained from a moderately large and rural school district in Florida. The outcome measures of 7,899 unique students were examined using the Gain Score Model and the Layered Effects Model to estimate school effects. Those school effect estimates were then used to calculate and examine the relationship between school rankings.
Overall, the findings in this study indicated that the school effect estimates and school rankings were more sensitive to outcome measures than they were to model specifications. The mathematics and reading correlations from the Gain Score Model for school effects and school rankings were low (indicating high sensitivity), when advancing from Grades 4 to 5, and were moderate in other grades. The mathematics and reading correlations from the Layered Effects Model were low at Grade 5 for school effects and school rankings, as were the correlations at Grade 7 for the school rankings. In the other grades, correlations were moderate to high (indicating lower sensitivity). Correlations between the Gain Score Model and the Layered Effects Model from mathematics were high in each grade for both school effects and school rankings. Reading correlations were also high for each of the grades.
These results were similar to the findings of previous school effects research and added to the limited body of literature. Depending upon the outcome measure used, school effects and rankings can vary significantly when using Value Added Models. These models have become a popular component in educational accountability systems, yet there is no one perfect model. If used, these models should be used cautiously, in addition to other accountability approaches.
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Rogier, Dawn. "The effects of English-medium instruction on language proficiency of students enrolled in higher education in the UAE." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10036/4482.
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This research seeks to discover what happens to students’ English language skills while studying in English-medium classes in UAE universities, and to look at how this compares with what instructors and students think happens to students’ English proficiency during the four years of study. This is explored through a retrospective panel study using a test/retest method to investigate score gains on the IELTS exam after four years of undergraduate study. Student and teacher beliefs about how English-medium instruction (EMI) affects language proficiency, the need for language support after admission, and the selection and delivery of course materials are discussed in conjunction with the research findings, leading to recommendations for institutions whose primary goal in using EMI is to increase proficiency. This research continues the exploratory research of Elder and O’Loughlin (2003) and O’Loughlin and Arkoudis (2009) regarding score gains in IELTS after a course of study, but this study is situated in a society where the language of instruction is not the language of communication for the students outside the university and at home. The research findings indicate that there is a statistically significant score gain in all four of the English-language skill areas that are tested by the IELTS exam after four years of EMI for the participants in this study. The most gain occurred in the area of speaking, followed by reading, writing and then listening. Results from questionnaires and interviews indicate that students and teachers have different perceptions regarding language ability and the problems associated with the use of English for instruction. Students generally do not feel that studying in English causes problems for them, and they rate their ability in listening, reading, writing and speaking as good to excellent. On the other hand, teachers do not feel their students’ language ability meets expectations for students studying in an English-medium environment and think that their students are especially weak in the areas of writing and listening. Teachers feel that they must make adaptations to course content and assessment criteria due to students’ language ability. The research indicates that institutions whose goal it is to increase language proficiency through EMI need to have clear instructional goals in place for language development along with support systems for teachers and learners throughout the entire educational experience and not just in pre-academic support programs.
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Pazdiora, Raul Dirceu. "FREQÜÊNCIAS DO FORNECIMENTO DO VOLUMOSO E CONCENTRADO NO DESEMPENHO E COMPORTAMENTO INGESTIVO DE VACAS E NOVILHAS EM CONFINAMENTO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10719.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe present study was developed with the objective of evaluate if the frequency of roughage and supplement supply and/or animal category affect performance and behavior of feedlot cattle. Sixteen heifers and sixteen cows were used, with average initial age of 20 and 66 months and average initial weight of 338 and 462 kg, respectively. The frequencies of roughage and supplement supply were: 2 V/C roughage and supplement 2 times per day; 1 V/C roughage and supplement 1 time per day; 1 V/2 C roughage 1 time per day and supplement 2 times per day; 1 V/3 C roughage 1 time per day and supplement 3 times per day. Each food supply was offered to cows and heifers. The supplied diet was composed by 60% of maize silage and 40% of concentrate, on dry matter base (DM). The process of obtaining performance parameters was by animal weighting and attribution of body condition, weighting of the supplied food and it s respective orts, chemical analysis of diet ingredients and orts. Behavior parameters were obtained by register of animal activities at each 5 minutes, beyond counting chews per ruminated bolus and it s duration. The complete randomized experimental design was used, with a 4 x 2 factorial arrangement. No significant interaction was observed (P>.05) between supply frequencies and animal category for performance variables. For ingestive behavior, was observed interaction between supply and animal category for rumination (RT) and idle (IDT) times, efficiencies of dry matter rumination (EDMR) and neutral detergent fiber rumination (ENDFR), number of daily bolus and daily time of chews (DTC). Supply frequencies did not influence (P>.05) average daily weight gain (ADWG). Dry matter intake (DMI) per animal was superior for animal of 1 V/2 C or 1 V/3 C treatments. The DMI and digestible energy intake per animal and per metabolic size were higher for cows, however ADWG was similar (1.330 vs. 1.378, respectively), resulting on worst food conversion for cows in relation to heifers (9.4 vs. 7.4 kg, respectively). Heifers showed higher (P<.05) IDT and DTC when compared with cows that received food once in a day. Time of food intake (TFI) did not vary (P>.05) with supply frequencies. Ingestion rate (IR) was higher (P<.05) for animals that received 1 V/3 C, and did not differ from the ones that received 1 V/2 C in relation to 1 V/C and 2 V/C supply frequencies (2.89; 2.72; 2.43 and 2.48 kg of DM/hour of intake, respectively). Cows were higher for TFI and IR in relation to heifers (4.38 vs. 4.09 hours, 2.91 vs. 2.35 kg of DM/hour of intake, respectively). The frequencies supply of one, two or three times per day stimulates animals to intensify ingestion on the moment of the supply, but this don t alter time of food intake during the day and animals weight gain.
O presente estudo foi desenvolvido com o objetivo de avaliar se a freqüência do fornecimento do volumoso e concentrado e/ou a categoria animal afetam o desempenho e o comportamento de bovinos confinados. Foram utilizadas 16 novilhas e 16 vacas, com idade média inicial de 20 e 66 meses e peso médio inicial de 338 e 432 kg, respectivamente. As freqüências do fornecimento do volumoso e concentrado foram as seguintes: 2 V/C volumoso e concentrado 2 vezes ao dia; 1 V/C volumoso e concentrado 1 vez ao dia; 1 V/2 C volumoso 1 vez ao dia e o concentrado 2 vezes ao dia; 1 V/3 C volumoso 1 vez ao dia e o concentrado 3 vezes ao dia. Cada fornecimento alimentar foi ofertado nas categorias vaca e novilha. A dieta fornecida aos animais foi composta de 60% de silagem de milho e 40% de concentrado com base na matéria seca (MS). A obtenção das variáveis de desempenho ocorreu pela pesagem e atribuição de escore corporal aos animais, pesagem do alimento fornecido e respectivas sobras, análise bromatológica dos ingredientes da dieta e das sobras. As variáveis de comportamento foram avaliadas através do registro de atividades dos animais a cada 5 minutos, além da contagem de mastigações por bolo ruminado e sua duração. O delineamento experimental adotado foi inteiramente casualizado em arranjo fatorial 4 x 2 (fornecimentos x categoria animal). Não houve interação significativa (P>0,05) entre freqüência de fornecimento e categoria animal para as variáveis de desempenho. Para o comportamento ingestivo, foi observada interação entre o fornecimento e a categoria animal para o tempo de ruminação (TR) e ócio (TO), eficiência de ruminação da matéria seca (ERMS) e da fibra detergente neutro (ERFDN), número de bolos diário e tempo de mastigação diário (TMD). As freqüências do fornecimento não influenciaram (P>0,05) o ganho de peso médio diário (GMD). O consumo de matéria seca (CMS) por animal foi superior para os animais alimentados 1 V/2 C ou 1 V/3 C. O CMS e o consumo de energia digestível por animal e por tamanho metabólico foram superiores para as vacas em relação às novilhas, porém, o GMD foi semelhante (1,330 vs 1,378 kg, respectivamente), resultando em pior conversão alimentar (9,4 vs 7,4 kg, respectivamente). As novilhas apresentaram maiores (P<0,05) TO e TMD em relação às vacas quando receberam a alimentação uma vez ao dia. O tempo de consumo de alimento (TCA) não teve variação (P>0,05) conforme a freqüência do fornecimento da dieta. A taxa de ingestão (TI) foi superior (P<0,05) para os animais que receberam 1 V/3 C, e esta não diferiu dos que receberam 1 V/2 C em relação aos fornecimentos de 1 V/C e 2 V/C (2,89; 2,72; 2,43 e 2,48 kg de MS/hora de consumo, respectivamente). As vacas permaneceram mais TCA e apresentaram maiores TI em comparação às novilhas (4,38 vs 4,09 horas; 2,91 vs 2,35 kg de MS/hora de consumo, respectivamente). A freqüência do fornecimento do alimento aos animais em uma, duas ou três vezes ao dia estimula estes a intensificar a ingestão no momento do fornecimento, mas isso não altera o tempo de ingestão do alimento ao longo do dia e o ganho de peso dos animais.
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Cordeiro, Alexandra Ferreira da Silva. "Avaliação de problemas locomotores em frangos de corte utilizando diferentes metodologias de gait score." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/256957.
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Orientador: Irenilza de Alencar NaasDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Agrícola
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-14T16:50:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Cordeiro_AlexandraFerreiradaSilva_M.pdf: 698775 bytes, checksum: 00cd96699cf75d7552399f75087669d7 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009
Resumo: O Brasil é hoje um dos maiores produtores e exportadores de carne de frango no mundo, mas para continuar nessa posição é necessário respeitar o bem-estar animal e manter baixos custos de produção. Problemas locomotores impedem que a ave se movimente livremente e, com isso, acesse os equipamentos necessários a sua sobrevivência: comedouro e bebedouro, prejudicando seu bem- estar e sua produtividade. A hipótese dessa pesquisa é que frangos de corte produzidos em condições de estresse apresentam problemas locomotores. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar deficiências locomotoras em frangos de corte alojados em condições de estresse. Para tanto, foram realizados dois experimentos, sendo o primeiro a determinação da pressão plantar de aves de 28, 35, 42, e 49 dias, o qual foi realizado no Centro de Tecnologia da Universidade estadual de Campinas, São Paulo, Brasil. Essa medida foi determinada por sensores localizados sob uma esteira enquanto as aves caminhavam sobre ela, nesta ocasião também foi determinado o gait score dessas aves. As mais pesadas tiveram mais dificuldade de andar e tiveram maior valor de gait score. Não houve diferença significativa (p = 0,05) no pico da força das patas direito e esquerdo para aves com gait score 0 e 1; entretanto, para frangos mais pesados com gait score 2 houve desbalanço severo no pico das forças entre as patas. A força total expressa em porcentagem do peso vivo aumentou com a idade como esperado, mostrando uma correlação positiva com o gait score para as aves selecionadas. A deficiência de locomoção foi automaticamente detectada devido ao movimento desigual, como seu peso não foi distribuído igualmente nas patas durante caminhada. O segundo experimento constou de observação visual no campo, em granjas da região de Campinas-SP, com determinação do gait score em aves de 28, 35, e 42 dias. Neste experimento o gait score foi avaliado por três metodologias, aves estimuladas a andar, aves sem estímulo para andar e em 10 aves ao acaso dentro do galpão. Não foram encontradas evidências de interação entre os fatores Metodologia e Idade. Há influencia significativa da Metodologia sobre a determinação do gait score. A metodologia de 10 aves ao acaso foi a que se apresentou menos confiável. Os resultados de gait score foram menores na metodologia com estímulo para as aves andar. Entretanto nas três avaliações realizadas e em todas as idades, os resultados de gait score foram piores que o aceitável, sendo que a maior freqüência para gait score 0 (padrão normal) encontrada nesta pesquisa foi de 50%. Estes resultados poderiam ser atribuídos as condições de estresse ambiental inapropriadas em que os frangos foram produzidos.
Abstract: Brazil is today one of the largest poultry meat producer and exporter of the world; however, in order to continue in this production level and quality it is needed to apply animal welfare principles maintaining the same production costs. Locomotors problems keep away the bird from moving freely and to access the needed equipments for its survival: feeder and drinker, reducing their welfare and productivity. The hypothesis of this research it is that Brazilian poultry production presents locomotors problems. The objective of this research was is to evaluate locomotors deficiencies in broiler chicken housed under stressful conditions. For that two experiment were done, the first was the determination of the feet pressure of broiler with the ages of 28, 35, 42 and 49 days. This first experiment was carried out at the Center for Technology, State University of Campinas, SP. The feet force measurement was determined by sensors over a mat while the birds walked over it, and at the same time the gait score was also determined. The heavier birds had more difficult in walking and presented higher gait score. No significant difference was found (p = 0.05) in the force peak of the right and left feet for the birds with gait score 0 and 1; however, older broilers with gait score 2 presented severe unbalance in the peak of force in both feet. The total force expressed as the percentage of the live weight increased with age as expected showing a positive correlation with the gait score of the tested broilers. The locomotion deficiency was automatic detected due to the unbalanced movement as the weight was not equally distributed in both legs during walking. The second experiment constituted of a visual observation in the field, in commercial broiler farms in the region of Campinas, SP, for determining the gait score of birds 28, 35 and 42 days old. In this trial the gait score was estimated in three ways, broilers stimulated to walking, birds without stimulus for walking and broilers chosen randomly inside the housing. No evidence of interaction between the factor Methodology and Age. Significant influence of Methodology over the determination of gait score was found. The methodology of chosen 10 bird at random was the one least reliable. The results of gait score were lower when using the methodology that stimulated the birds to waking. However, in the three evaluations and in all ages the results of gait score were worst than the acceptable, since the frequency of gait score 0 (normal pattern) found in this research was 50%. These results could be accredited to the inappropriate ambient harsh conditions the broilers were reared.
Mestrado
Construções Rurais e Ambiencia
Mestre em Engenharia Agrícola
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Loewen, David Allen. "The relationship of motivational values of math and reading teachers to student test score gains." Diss., Kansas State University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/15504.
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Doctor of PhilosophyDepartment of Curriculum and Instruction
Michael F. Perl
This exploratory correlational study seeks to answer the question of whether a relationship exists between student average test score gains on state exams and teachers’ rating of values on the Schwartz Values Survey. Eighty-seven randomly selected Kansas teachers of math and/or reading, grades four through eight, participated. Student test score gains were paired with teachers and averaged. The results of these backward stepwise entries of multiple regressions using SPSS software are reported. Significant relationships with large effect sizes are reported for teacher values and student test score gains in reading and math. Models of teacher values are found that account for thirty-two percent of the average student test score gains in reading and for forty-three percent of the average student test score gains in mathematics. The significant model of values with the greatest adjusted relationship with reading test score gains is described as the Relational Teacher Value Type. The valuing of True Friendship (close supportive friends) and the valuing of Sense of Belonging (feeling that others care about me) proved to be the most powerful indicators of student reading score gains within this type. The significant model of values with the greatest adjusted relationship with mathematics test score gains is described as the Well-Being Teacher Value Type. The valuing of Healthy (not being sick physically or mentally), the valuing of Reciprocation of Favors (avoidance of indebtedness), and Self Respect (belief in one’s own worth) proved to be the most powerful indicators of student mathematics test score gains within this type. The significant value items within each of the above types’ models are discussed regarding possible reasons for their relationships to student test score gains. A value that is found significant for both reading and mathematics teachers in accounting for student test score gains is Moderate (avoiding extremes of feeling and action). Of the teachers in the study that taught mathematics and reading, their students’ mathematics score gains did not correlate in a statistically significant way with their students’ reading score gains, suggesting that a teacher’s ability to teach math has little to do with a teacher’s ability to teach reading.
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Selvage, Thomas Allen. "Relationships Among Student Demographics and Community and School Context Factors and Value-Added Gain Scores in Ohio." Ashland University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ashland1366920520.
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McGuigan, Miranda Polly. "The scope for adjustment of distal limb mechanics of the horse (Equus callabus)." Thesis, Royal Veterinary College (University of London), 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369231.
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Harr, Casey. "DESIGN OF A GAIT ACQUISITION AND ANALYSIS SYSTEM FOR ASSESSING THE RECOVERY OF MICE POST-SPINAL CORD INJURY." UKnowledge, 2005. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/262.
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Current methods of determining spinal cord recovery in mice, post-directed injury, are qualitative measures. This is due to the small size and quickness of mice. This thesis presents a design for a gait acquisition and analysis system able to capture the footfalls of a mouse, extract position and timing data, and report quantitative gait metrics to the operator. These metrics can then be used to evaluate the recovery of the mouse. This work presents the design evolution of the system, from initial sensor design concepts through prototyping and testing to the final implementation. The system utilizes a machine vision camera, a well-designed walkway enclosure, and image processing techniques to capture and analyze paw strikes. Quantitative results gained from live animal experiments are presented, and it is shown how the measurements can be used to determine healthy, injured, and recovered gait.
Books on the topic "Score gain"
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Andrews, Kevin M. Score gains on retesting with the ACT assessment. Iowa City, Iowa: ACT, 1998.
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Ziomek, Robert L. ACT assessment score gains of special-tested students who tested at least twice. Iowa City, Iowa: ACT, 1998.
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Cuadra, Ernesto. Scope for efficiency gains resulting from reduction in repetition and dropout: A simulation exercise. New York: World Bank, 1992.
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Garofalo, Giuseppe, ed. Capitalismo distrettuale, localismi d'impresa, globalizzazione. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-8453-605-1.
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From the late Sixties on, industrial development in Italy evolved through the spread of small and medium sized firms, aggregated in district networks, with an elevated propensity to enterprise and the marked presence of owner-families. Installed within the local systems, the industrial districts tended to simulate large-scale industry exploiting lower costs generated by factors that were not only economic. The districts are characterised in terms of territorial location (above all the thriving areas of the North-east and Centre) and sector, since they are concentrated in the "4 As" (clothing-fashion, home-decor, agri-foodstuffs, automation-mechanics), with some overlapping with "Made in Italy". How can this model be assessed? This is the crucial question in the debate on the condition and prospects of the Italian productive system between the supporters of its capacity to adapt and the critics of economic dwarfism. A dispassionate judgement suggests that the prospects of "small is beautiful" have been superseded, but that the "declinist" view, that sees only the dangers of globalisation and the IT revolution for our SMEs is risky. The concept of irreversible crisis that prevails at present is limiting, both because it is not easy either to "invent", or to copy, a model of industrialisation, and because there is space for a strategic repositioning of the district enterprises. The book develops considerations in this direction, showing how an evolution of the district model is possible, focusing on: gains in productivity, scope economies (through diversification and expansion of the range of products), flexibility of organisation, capacity to meld tradition and innovation aiming at product quality, dimensional growth of the enterprises, new forms of financing, active presence on the international markets and valorisation of the resources of the territory. It is hence necessary to reactivate the behavioural functions of the entrepreneurs.
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Steady Gains And Stalled Progress Inequality And The Blackwhite Test Score Gap. Russell Sage Foundation Publications, 2011.
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Joyce, James M. Accuracy, Ratification, and the Scope of Epistemic Consequentialism. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198779681.003.0011.
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Joyce focuses on trade-off objections to epistemic consequentialism. Such objections are similar to familiar objections from ethics where an intuitively wrong action (e.g., killing a healthy patient) leads to a net gain in value (e.g., saving five other patients). The objection to the epistemic consequentialist concerns cases where adopting an intuitively wrong belief leads to a net gain in epistemic value. Joyce defends the epistemic consequentialist against such objections by denying that his version of epistemic utility theory is properly thought of as a species of epistemic consequentialism, and given this, does not condone the problematic trade-offs. His argument turns on distinguishing between treating degrees of belief as final ends and treating them as a basis for estimation.
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A, Magnuson Katherine, and Waldfogel Jane, eds. Steady gains and stalled progress: Inequality and the black-white test score gap. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 2008.
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Adamson, Gary, and Brendan Bunting. Some statistical and graphical strategies for exploring the effect of interventions in health research. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780198527565.003.0021.
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This chapter explores statistical and graphical strategies for exploring the effect of interventions in health research and presents a brief overview of some common and some not so common methods for assessing data from interventions and have pointed to some associated advantages and disadvantages. It discusses gain scores, analysis of variance models, structural equation modelling, and the latent growth model.
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The Validity of Gains in Scores on the Kentucky Intructional Results Information System (KIRIS) (Rand Corporation//Rand Monograph Report). RAND Corporation, 1998.
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Hutchinson, G. O. The Deaths of King and Kindred (Agis 16.6–17.5, 17.9–18.3; 19.5–21.1). Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198821717.003.0017.
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A catastrophe in Hellenistic Sparta is portrayed in rhythmic passages that contrast with each other. The comparisons involved in and between both are intricate, within a particularly complex comparative structure, where two Spartan kings, Agis and Cleomenes, are compared with two Roman nobiles, Ti. and C. Gracchus. The king Cleombrotus is compared with Agis and with his own wife; Agis’ death is made part of a structure in which the most important figure is his mother. The accounts gain more force from rhetoric, multiple characterization, and perversion of legality and the constitution. Rhythm creates a powerful narrative; if the source is Phylarchus, the source is unrhythmic. The passages have been underestimated through scorn for Pylarchus and under-appreciation of Plutarch’s rhythmic writing.
Book chapters on the topic "Score gain"
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Fischer, Gerhard H. "Gain Scores Revisited Under an IRT Perspective." In Essays on Item Response Theory, 43–68. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0169-1_3.
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Cimolin, Veronica, and Manuela Galli. "Gait Scores – Interpretations and Limitations." In Handbook of Human Motion, 1–15. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30808-1_34-1.
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Cimolin, Veronica, and Manuela Galli. "Gait Scores: Interpretations and Limitations." In Handbook of Human Motion, 673–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-14418-4_34.
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Gałecki, Andrzej, and Tomasz Burzykowski. "SII Project: Modeling Gains in Mathematics Achievement-Scores." In Springer Texts in Statistics, 431–63. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-3900-4_18.
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Mochal, Tom, and Jeff Mochal. "Gain Sponsor Approval for Scope Changes Requiring Budget and Deadline Deviation." In Lessons in Project Management, 177–80. Berkeley, CA: Apress, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4302-3835-5_43.
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Bhanu, Bir, and Ju Han. "Match Score Level Fusion of Face and Gait at a Distance." In Human Recognition at a Distance in Video, 185–207. London: Springer London, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-85729-124-0_10.
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Obukhov, Artem, and Mikhail Krasnyanskiy. "Quality Assessment Method for GAN Based on Modified Metrics Inception Score and Fréchet Inception Distance." In Software Engineering Perspectives in Intelligent Systems, 102–14. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63322-6_8.
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Lu, Mandy, Kathleen Poston, Adolf Pfefferbaum, Edith V. Sullivan, Li Fei-Fei, Kilian M. Pohl, Juan Carlos Niebles, and Ehsan Adeli. "Vision-Based Estimation of MDS-UPDRS Gait Scores for Assessing Parkinson’s Disease Motor Severity." In Medical Image Computing and Computer Assisted Intervention – MICCAI 2020, 637–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59716-0_61.
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Makino, Koji, Masahiro Nakamura, Ryo Hagihara, Hidenori Omori, Yoshinobu Hanagata, Kohei Shirataki, Shohei Ueda, and Hidetsugu Terada. "Evaluation Method of Gait Motion of a Patient Received Total Knee Arthroplasty Using Correlation Between Measurement Data and Evaluation Score." In Robotics for Sustainable Future, 455–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86294-7_40.
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Müller, Mathias L., and Hugo Campos. "Open Innovation and Value Creation in Crop Genetics." In The Innovation Revolution in Agriculture, 71–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50991-0_3.
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Abstract The development of cultivars exhibiting improved climate resilience and containing effective input and agronomic traits and their adoption by growers and acceptance by supply chains, consumers, and society remain essential drivers of a successful agricultural strategy directed to feed the world and overcome the challenges brought by nature, an increasingly stringent regulatory environment, and an ever-growing population. In order to deliver on the daunting challenge of providing affordable, nutritious food to humankind, while reducing agriculture’s environmental footprint, new innovation models are needed. Open innovation is being adopted by seed companies in order to tap into the vast pool of human talent available beyond their boundaries and increase their ability to generate, adopt, develop, and bring to market novel technologies while building upon the increasing global community of innovators and harnessing the resources of venture capitalists. In addition, open innovation can help streamline product development processes, as well as lead to the exploration of novel markets which would otherwise go unexploited. At the same time, open innovation provides the means for other firms and entrepreneurs to gain access to technologies which would be beyond the scope of their development abilities but which can be leveraged to create significant value for their own customers and markets. This chapter provides an updated perspective on the most salient aspects of open innovation. Though its main focus is crop genetics and the development of improved cultivars, the general principles discussed also apply to other activities associated with the value chains linking agriculture and customers.
Conference papers on the topic "Score gain"
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Jaidhar, C. D. "Information gain score computation for N-grams using multiprocessing model." In 2017 ISEA Asia Security and Privacy (ISEASP). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iseasp.2017.7976984.
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Schulte, Oliver, and Sajjad Gholami. "Locally Consistent Bayesian Network Scores for Multi-Relational Data." In Twenty-Sixth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2017/375.
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An important task for relational learning is Bayesian network (BN) structure learning. A fundamental component of structure learning is a model selection score that measures how well a model fits a dataset. We describe a new method that upgrades for multi-relational databases, a log-linear BN score designed for single-table i.i.d. data. Chickering and Meek showed that for i.i.d. data, standard BN scores are locally consistent, meaning that their maxima converge to an optimal model, that represents the data generating distribution {\em and} contains no redundant edges. Our main theorem establishes that if a model selection score is locally consistent for i.i.d. data, then our upgraded gain function is locally consistent for relational data as well. To our knowledge this is the first consistency result for relational structure learning. A novel aspect of our approach is employing a {\em gain function} that compares two models: a current vs. an alternative BN structure. In contrast, previous approaches employed a score that is a function of a single model only. Empirical evaluation on six benchmark relational databases shows that our gain function is also practically useful: On realistic size data sets, it selects informative BN structures with a better data fit than those selected by baseline single-model scores.
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Yang, Liang, Yuexue Wang, Junhua Gu, Chuan Wang, Xiaochun Cao, and Yuanfang Guo. "JANE: Jointly Adversarial Network Embedding." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/192.
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Motivated by the capability of Generative Adversarial Network on exploring the latent semantic space and capturing semantic variations in the data distribution, adversarial learning has been adopted in network embedding to improve the robustness. However, this important ability is lost in existing adversarially regularized network embedding methods, because their embedding results are directly compared to the samples drawn from perturbation (Gaussian) distribution without any rectification from real data. To overcome this vital issue, a novel Joint Adversarial Network Embedding (JANE) framework is proposed to jointly distinguish the real and fake combinations of the embeddings, topology information and node features. JANE contains three pluggable components, Embedding module, Generator module and Discriminator module. The overall objective function of JANE is defined in a min-max form, which can be optimized via alternating stochastic gradient. Extensive experiments demonstrate the remarkable superiority of the proposed JANE on link prediction (3% gains in both AUC and AP) and node clustering (5% gain in F1 score).
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Zoanetti, Nathan. "Interpreting learning progress using assessment scores: what is there to gain?" In Research Conference 2021: Excellent progress for every student. Australian Council for Educational Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37517/978-1-74286-638-3_17.
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Using assessment scores to quantify gains and growth trajectories for individuals and groups can provide a valuable lens on learning progress for all students. This paper summarises some commonly observed patterns of progress and illustrates these using data from ACER’s Progressive Achievement Test (PAT) assessments. While growth trajectory measurement requires scores for the same individuals over at least three but preferably more occasions, scores from only two occasions are naturally more readily available. The difference between two successive scores is usually referred to as gain. Some common approaches and pitfalls when interpreting individual student gain data are illustrated. It is concluded that pairs of consecutive scores are best considered as part of a longer-term trajectory of learning progress, and that caveated gain information might at best play a peripheral role until additional scores are available for individuals. This review is part of a larger program of research to inform future reporting developments at ACER.
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Feng, Xiaocheng, Xiachong Feng, Bing Qin, Zhangyin Feng, and Ting Liu. "Improving Low Resource Named Entity Recognition using Cross-lingual Knowledge Transfer." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/566.
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Neural networks have been widely used for high resource language (e.g. English) named entity recognition (NER) and have shown state-of-the-art results.However, for low resource languages, such as Dutch, Spanish, due to the limitation of resources and lack of annotated data, taggers tend to have lower performances.To narrow this gap, we propose three novel strategies to enrich the semantic representations of low resource languages: we first develop neural networks to improve low resource word representations by knowledge transfer from high resource language using bilingual lexicons. Further, a lexicon extension strategy is designed to address out-of lexicon problem by automatically learning semantic projections.Thirdly, we regard word-level entity type distribution features as an external language-independent knowledge and incorporate them into our neural architecture. Experiments on two low resource languages (including Dutch and Spanish) demonstrate the effectiveness of these additional semantic representations (average 4.8\% improvement). Moreover, on Chinese OntoNotes 4.0 dataset, our approach achieved an F-score of 83.07\% with 2.91\% absolute gain compared to the state-of-the-art results.
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MUIZNIECE, Inga, and Daina KAIRISA. "FATTENING AND SLAUGHTER RESULTS ANALYSIS OF HEREFORD BREED BULLS BORN IN DIFFERENT SEASONS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.198.
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The aim of this study was to explain the birth season effect on Hereford bulls fattening results. The research was made within the project ‘Baltic Grassland Beef’ framework in years 2015 and 2016. Data about 41 Herford purebred bull was used in the research, grown in different farms of Latvia. Bulls were slaughtered in certified slaughterhouse ‘Agaras’ (Lithuania). The average birth weight of the Hereford breed bulls was in border from 42.9 – 45.0 kg. The lowest birth weight was on spring season born bulls – 42.9 kg, but the highest on winter season born bulls - 45.0. Average realization age of bull’s, in the research groups, was on range from 567 days to 661 days. Bulls born on autumn and winter before slaughtering were significantly older, respectively 661 and 655 days with live weight of 519.9 kg un 542.1 kg. On spring born bulls with age 600 days reached the biggest live weight – 542.0 kg, respectively these group bulls average daily weight gain from birth to slaughter per day was the biggest among all the groups – 831.9 g. The highest slaughter weight showed on autumn and winter seasons born bulls, respectively 275.5 kg and 274.8 kg. In the research groups on different seasons born bulls conformation score was from points 2.4 to 2.6. All the bull’s carcass in the research groups were evaluated as 2nd and 3rd fat class. between the age before slaughter and average daily weight gain from birth to slaughter there is an important negative correlation (from r = -0.858 to = -0.977, p&amp;lt;0.05), except on spring season born bulls.
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Keprate, Arvind, and R. M. Chandima Ratnayake. "Data Mining for Estimating Fatigue Strength Based on Composition and Process Parameters." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95155.
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Abstract Accurately estimating the fatigue strength of steels is vital, due to the extremely high cost (and time) of fatigue testing and often fatal consequences of fatigue failures. The main objective of this manuscript is to perform data mining on the fatigue dataset for steel available from the National Institute of Material Science (NIMS) MatNavi. The cross-industry process for data mining (CRISP-DM) approach was followed in the paper, in order to gain meaningful insights from the dataset and to estimate the fatigue strength of carbon and low alloy steels, using composition and processing parameters. Of the six steps of the CRISP-DM approach, special emphasis has been placed on steps 2 to 5 (i.e. data understanding, data preparation, modeling and evaluation). In step 4 (i.e. modeling), a range of machine learning (parametric and non-parametric) is explored to predict the fatigue strength, based on the composition and process parameters. Various algorithms were trained and tested on the dataset and finally evaluated, using metrics such as root mean square error (RMSE), Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Coefficient of Determination (R2) and Explained Variance Score (EVS).
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El Archi, Sarah, Paul Brunault, Nicolas Ballon, Christian Réveillère, and Servane Barrault. "PERCEIVED SELF-REGULATORY SUCCESS IN DIETING AND ITS CORRELATES AMONG WOMEN WITH FOOD ADDICTION." In International Psychological Applications Conference and Trends. inScience Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36315/2021inpact006.
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"Background: Several psychological features are implicated in the dieting success. Better understanding of these features may allow reducing dieting failure of both surgical and non-surgical weight loss interventions, especially for individuals with food addiction (FA). In non-clinical population, low perceived self-regulatory success (PSRS) in dieting is associated with higher BMI (body mass index), FA, food craving and impulsivity. PSRS could partially explain weight gain in FA, but no study investigated this association in the specific FA population. Method: To diagnose FA, 288 women recruited online completed The Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0. They also completed the following self-administrated questionnaires: the French adaptation of the PSRS in dieting scale, the Food Craving Questionnaire Trait-Reduced, and the Barratt Impulsivity Scale-11. They specified their height, current and lifetime maximal weight, and if they were in a current diet. Mean age was 26.1±10.3 years. Mean current BMI was 23.4±5.5 kg/m². Results: 79 women met criteria for FA (27.4%), indicating significant less PSRS in dieting and higher probability to be in a current diet to lose weight. In the whole population (n=288), PSRS in dieting was negatively correlated with current and lifetime maximal BMI, food craving, FA, attentional and non-planning impulsivity. In a multiple linear regression conducted in the subgroup of women with FA, PSRS score was predicted by age, current BMI, food addiction and food craving. More, results suggested food craving enable the association between food addiction and PSRS. Conclusion: These results showed the high preoccupation about food intake and weight gain in the FA population. Psychological features associated with FA such as food craving and impulsivity, seem to impact the PSRS in dieting, increasing psychological vulnerability."
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Ismail, Syed Nafis Syed Ngah, Muhammad Imran Ahmad, Mohd Nazrin Md Isa, and Said Amirul Anwar. "Combination of gait multiple features at matching score level." In 2016 3rd International Conference on Electronic Design (ICED). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iced.2016.7804688.
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Li Shang Ly, Samie, and Raafat G Saade. "A Knowledge Management IT Tool: An Investigation within a Marketing Introductory Course." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3697.
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Aim/Purpose: The purpose of this study is to shed light on how students learn within an environment tailored to knowledge creation. Background: We build on Nonaka, Toyama, and Konno’s three key elements: SECI model, Ba, Leadership as well as current knowledge management researchers critiques and improvements. Methodology: Based on an introductory marketing course, we used an in-house web based learning tool (peer-to peer) to capture score performances and perception surveys. The analysis was conducted through an exploratory factor analysis (EFA). Contribution: This study shed light on current knowledge management critiques by providing measures at the micro-level and community level. Findings: Perceptions of adaptability and usefulness change positively over time, while students’ repeated practice prepares them for different styles of questions as their performances increases over time. Recommendations for Practitioners: Organizations can understand how employees create knowledge through exchange of ideas, feedback, and common goals. Supervisor can understand their employees better and employees can gain a sense of control on their work. Recommendation for Researchers: The ability to capture information over time on the human and community level within a system allows further research to shed light on different variables of knowledge creation in the field. Impact on Society : An appreciation of the mechanism of knowledge creation can encourage organization to become more innovative and focus on people rather than material. Future Research: Measures such as the engagement level, the personality level, and compatibility level within a community to create knowledge are to be explored.
Reports on the topic "Score gain"
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Sarin, Natasha, Lawrence Summers, Owen Zidar, and Eric Zwick. Rethinking How We Score Capital Gains Tax Reform. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w28362.
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Datta, Sandip, and Geeta Kingdon. Class Size and Learning: Has India Spent Too Much on Reducing Class Size? Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), January 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/059.
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This paper examines the efficacy of class-size reductions as a strategy to improve pupils’ learning outcomes in India. It uses a credible identification strategy to address the endogeneity of class-size, by relating the difference in a student’s achievement score across subjects to the difference in his/her class size across subjects. Pupil fixed effects estimation shows a relationship between class size and student achievement which is roughly flat or non-decreasing for a large range of class sizes from 27 to 51, with a negative effect on learning outcomes occurring only after class size increases beyond 51 pupils. The class-size effect varies by gender and by subject-stream. The fact that up to a class-size of roughly 40 in science subjects and roughly 50 in non-science subjects, there is no reduction in pupil learning as class size increases, implies that there is no learning gain from reducing class size below 40 in science and below 50 in non-science. This has important policy implications for pupil teacher ratios (PTRs) and thus for teacher appointments in India, based on considerations of cost-effectiveness. When generalised, our findings suggest that India experienced a value-subtraction from spending on reducing class-sizes, and that the US$3.6 billion it spent in 2017-18 on the salaries of 0.4 million new teachers appointed between 2010 and 2017 was wasteful spending rather than an investment in improving learning. We show that India could save US$ 19.4 billion (Rupees 1,45,000 crore in Indian currency) per annum by increasing PTR from its current 22.8 to 40, without any reduction in pupil learning.
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Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, Maria Sibylla Merian Centre. Conviviality in Unequal Societies: Perspectives from Latin America Thematic Scope and Preliminary Research Programme. Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.46877/mecila.2017.01.
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The Maria Sibylla Merian International Centre for Advanced Studies in the Humanities and Social Sciences Conviviality-Inequality in Latin America (Mecila) will study past and present forms of social, political, religious and cultural conviviality, above all in Latin America and the Caribbean while also considering comparisons and interdependencies between this region and other parts of the world. Conviviality, for the purpose of Mecila, is an analytical concept to circumscribe ways of living together in concrete contexts. Therefore, conviviality admits gradations – from more horizontal forms to highly asymmetrical convivial models. By linking studies about interclass, interethnic, intercultural, interreligious and gender relations in Latin America and the Caribbean with international studies about conviviality, Mecila strives to establish an innovative exchange with benefits for both European and Latin American research. The focus on convivial contexts in Latin America and the Caribbean broadens the horizon of conviviality research, which is often limited to the contemporary European context. By establishing a link to research on conviviality, studies related to Latin America gain visibility, influence and impact given the political and analytical urgency that accompanies discussions about coexistence with differences in European and North American societies, which are currently confronted with increasing socioeconomic and power inequalities and intercultural and interreligious conflicts.
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Roschelle, Jeremy, Britte Haugan Cheng, Nicola Hodkowski, Julie Neisler, and Lina Haldar. Evaluation of an Online Tutoring Program in Elementary Mathematics. Digital Promise, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51388/20.500.12265/94.
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Many students struggle with mathematics in late elementary school, particularly on the topic of fractions. In a best evidence syntheses of research on increasing achievement in elementary school mathematics, Pelligrini et al. (2018) highlighted tutoring as a way to help students. Online tutoring is attractive because costs may be lower and logistics easier than with face-to-face tutoring. Cignition developed an approach that combines online 1:1 tutoring with a fractions game, called FogStone Isle. The game provides students with additional learning opportunities and provides tutors with information that they can use to plan tutoring sessions. A randomized controlled trial investigated the research question: Do students who participate in online tutoring and a related mathematical game learn more about fractions than students who only have access to the game? Participants were 144 students from four schools, all serving low-income students with low prior mathematics achievement. In the Treatment condition, students received 20-25 minute tutoring sessions twice per week for an average of 18 sessions and also played the FogStone Isle game. In the Control condition, students had access to the game, but did not play it often. Control students did not receive tutoring. Students were randomly assigned to condition after being matched on pre-test scores. The same diagnostic assessment was used as a pre-test and as a post-test. The planned analysis looked for differences in gain scores ( post-test minus pre-test scores) between conditions. We conducted a t-test on the aggregate gain scores, comparing conditions; the results were statistically significant (t = 4.0545, df = 132.66, p-value < .001). To determine an effect size, we treated each site as a study in a meta-analysis. Using gain scores, the effect size was g=+.66. A more sophisticated treatment of the pooled standard deviation resulted in a corrected effect size of g=.46 with a 95% confidence interval of [+.23,+.70]. Students who received online tutoring and played the related Fog Stone Isle game learned more; our research found the approach to be efficacious. The Pelligrini et al. (2018) meta-analysis of elementary math tutoring programs found g = .26 and was based largely on face-to-face tutoring studies. Thus, this study compares favorably to prior research on face-to-face mathematics tutoring with elementary students. Limitations are discussed; in particular, this is an initial study of an intervention under development. Effects could increase or decrease as development continues and the program scales. Although this study was planned long before the current pandemic, results are particularly timely now that many students are at home under shelter-in-place orders due to COVID-19. The approach taken here is feasible for students at home, with tutors supporting them from a distance. It is also feasible in many other situations where equity could be addressed directly by supporting students via online tutors.
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Stern, Jonathan M. B., and Benjamin Piper. Resetting Targets: Examining Large Effect Sizes and Disappointing Benchmark Progress. RTI Press, April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2019.op.0060.1904.
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This paper uses recent evidence from international early grade reading programs to provide guidance about how best to create appropriate targets and more effectively identify improved program outcomes. Recent results show that World Bank and US Agency for International Development–funded large-scale international education interventions in low- and middle–income countries tend to produce larger impacts than do interventions in the United States, as measured by effect sizes. However, these effect sizes rarely translate into large gains in mean oral reading fluency scores and are associated with only small increases in the proportion of students meeting country-level reading benchmarks. The limited impact of these low- and middle–income countries’ reading programs on the proportion of students meeting reading benchmarks is in large part caused by right-skewed distributions of student reading scores. In other words, modest impacts on the proportion of students meeting benchmarks are caused by low mean scores and large proportions of nonreaders at baseline. It is essential to take these factors into consideration when setting program targets for reading fluency and comprehension. We recommend that program designers in lower-performing countries use baseline assessment data to develop benchmarks based on multiple performance categories that allow for more ambitious targets focused on reducing nonreaders and increasing beginning readers, with more modest targets aimed at improving oral reading fluency scores and increasing the percentage of proficient readers.
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Banerjee, Onil, Martin Cicowiez, and Renato Vargas. Integrating the Value of Natural Capital in Evidence-Based Policy Making. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002900.
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This paper describes how Natural Capital Accounting (NCA) can be integrated into economy wide analytical frameworks to enhance evidence based decision making. Examples from applications of the Integrated Environmental Economic Modelling (IEEM) Platform show how explicitly accounting for the contributions of the environment to the economy in economic forecasting can lead to substantially different policy recommendations, overcoming some of the scope limitations of traditional economic performance analysis. Furthermore, the paper describes how NCA can be integrated into more traditional economic performance measurements, such as the System of National Accounts and their indicators such as adjusted Gross Domestic Product and Genuine Savings. Integration of natural capital into economy-wide analytical frameworks leads to better policy uptake of research findings and it empowers policymakers to avoid short-sighted decisions, which, although they can generate short-term economic gain, can have adverse consequences for economic, social, and environmental sustainability in the long run.
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Henderson, Tim, Mincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285306.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile for this unit. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be recorded such that other researchers may evaluate it in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN, methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Chihuahuan Desert Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, April 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2285337.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be available for other researchers to evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources was established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Northern Colorado Plateau Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS...
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Henderson, Tim, Vincent Santucci, Tim Connors, and Justin Tweet. National Park Service geologic type section inventory: Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. National Park Service, July 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/nrr-2286915.
Full textAbstract:
A fundamental responsibility of the National Park Service (NPS) is to ensure that park resources are preserved, protected, and managed in consideration of the resources themselves and for the benefit and enjoyment by the public. Through the inventory, monitoring, and study of park resources, we gain a greater understanding of the scope, significance, distribution, and management issues associated with these resources and their use. This baseline of natural resource information is available to inform park managers, scientists, stakeholders, and the public about the conditions of these resources and the factors or activities which may threaten or influence their stability. There are several different categories of geologic or stratigraphic units (supergroup, group, formation, member, bed) which represent a hierarchical system of classification. The mapping of stratigraphic units involves the evaluation of lithologies, bedding properties, thickness, geographic distribution, and other factors. If a new mappable geologic unit is identified, it may be described and named through a rigorously defined process that is standardized and codified by the professional geologic community (North American Commission on Stratigraphic Nomenclature 2005). In most instances when a new geologic unit such as a formation is described and named in the scientific literature, a specific and well-exposed section of the unit is designated as the type section or type locality (see Definitions). The type section is an important reference section for a named geologic unit which presents a relatively complete and representative profile. The type or reference section is important both historically and scientifically, and should be protected and conserved for researchers to study and evaluate in the future. Therefore, this inventory of geologic type sections in NPS areas is an important effort in documenting these locations in order that NPS staff recognize and protect these areas for future studies. The documentation of all geologic type sections throughout the 423 units of the NPS is an ambitious undertaking. The strategy for this project is to select a subset of parks to begin research for the occurrence of geologic type sections within particular parks. The focus adopted for completing the baseline inventories throughout the NPS was centered on the 32 inventory and monitoring networks (I&M) established during the late 1990s. The I&M networks are clusters of parks within a defined geographic area based on the ecoregions of North America (Fenneman 1946; Bailey 1976; Omernik 1987). These networks share similar physical resources (geology, hydrology, climate), biological resources (flora, fauna), and ecological characteristics. Specialists familiar with the resources and ecological parameters of the network, and associated parks, work with park staff to support network level activities (inventory, monitoring, research, data management). Adopting a network-based approach to inventories worked well when the NPS undertook paleontological resource inventories for the 32 I&M networks. The network approach is also being applied to the inventory for the geologic type sections in the NPS. The planning team from the NPS Geologic Resources Division who proposed and designed this inventory selected the Greater Yellowstone Inventory and Monitoring Network (GRYN) as the pilot network for initiating this project. Through the research undertaken to identify the geologic type sections within the parks of the GRYN methodologies for data mining and reporting on these resources were established. Methodologies and reporting adopted for the GRYN have been used in the development of this type section inventory for the Klamath Inventory & Monitoring Network. The goal of this project is to consolidate information pertaining to geologic type sections which occur within NPS-administered areas, in order that this information is available throughout the NPS to inform park managers...