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Roberts, Dennis M., and Donald J. Burrill. "Gain Score Grading Revisited." Educational Measurement: Issues and Practice 14, no. 1 (October 25, 2005): 29–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-3992.1995.tb00851.x.
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K. R., Dr Ranganath, Dr Sameeta M. Prabhu, Dr Pavan T. Kumar, and Dr M. Govindaraj. "No pain, much to gain!!" Pediatric Review: International Journal of Pediatric Research 7, no. 7 (October 30, 2020): 317–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.17511/ijpr.2020.i07.01.
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Background: Vaccination is an integral aspect of a pediatrician's practice. The fear associated withpain is a common problem. Alleviating this pain, not only puts the child at ease but also reduces theapprehension some parents have. Our objective was to evaluate local analgesic use during childhoodimmunization, its efficacy, and assessing how it serves as an advantage to the patient, theparents/guardian, and the medical personnel. Methodology: It was a randomized study. Data wascollected for a period of 1 year, from August 2018 to August 2019. Children from birth to 18 yearswere divided into 2 groups: case (local anesthetic i.e Lidocaine aerosol applied) and control (no localanesthetics applied). They were immunized as per NIS/IAP. The pain was assessed by a standardpain chart (Modified Behavioural Pain Scale (BPS). Result: Totally (including IM, SC, and IDinjections), the Local anesthesia group Median pain score was 6 and the No Local anesthesia groupMedian pain score was 8. There was a significant difference in pain scores between the two groups.Conclusion: The present study showed that local anesthetics could be applied quickly and withease. There was a significant difference in pain scores between the two groups (higher score beingin the group in which local anesthetics weren’t used). The reduction in the pain score, in turn,showed a significant difference in the attitude of the child, parent, as well as medical personnel.
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Mellenbergh, Gideon J. "A Note on Simple Gain Score Precision." Applied Psychological Measurement 23, no. 1 (March 1999): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01466216990231007.
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Mellenbergh, G. J. "A Note on Simple Gain Score Precision." Applied Psychological Measurement 23, no. 1 (March 1, 1999): 87–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/01466219922031211.
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Peirolo, Riccardo. "Information gain as a score for probabilistic forecasts." Meteorological Applications 18, no. 1 (February 22, 2011): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/met.188.
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Astuti, Irnin Agustina Dwi, and Yoga Budi Bhakti. "The Effect of the Microsoft Excel based Interactive Learning Media on the Physics Problem Solving." Indonesian Review of Physics 1, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.12928/irip.v1i1.243.
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The physics problem solving is needed students to overcome the phenomenon of physics. The development of technology in physics learning is able to explain the concept of abstract physics. This study aims to know effect of use interactive learning media based Microsoft Excel on the physics problem solving. The subject on this media is Heat and Temperature. The research method used is pretest-postest controlled group design. The analysis technique is used t-test with SPSS 16.0 with a margin of error of 5%. The results of this study showed that the mean scores of post-test treatment class students significantly better than the average score post-test control class indicated by the average score of students' post-test treatment class at 80.26 and scores the average post-test control class at 68.00 and with SPSS analyze sig value is 0.000. While the average score gain results-physics students learn physics class treatment significantly better than the average score gain results Physics students learn physics-control class indicated by the average score of physics problem solving gain of 0.77 and the treatment class the average score gain control class student physics problem solving of 0.63.
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May, Kim, and James B. Hittner. "Further Observations on the Reliability and Validity of Gain Scores." Perceptual and Motor Skills 87, no. 2 (October 1998): 664–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.87.2.664.
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Williams and Zimmerman in 1998, when considering the reliability and validity of gain scores (g), proposed that combinations of pretest and posttest parameters favoring high reliability of gains are more likely in practice than are unfavorable combinations. It is argued here that this is an empirical question and that no support was given for their position. Further, those authors made a potentially misleading statement about the validity of the gain score. A final point is offered, namely, that the higher the pretest-posttest reliability, the lower the reliability of g.
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Schlaff, Rebecca A., Meghan Baruth, Samantha J. Deere, Ashley Boggs, and Anya Odabasic. "Associations between prenatal diet quality and gestational weight gain." Nutrition and Health 26, no. 1 (February 14, 2020): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260106020903926.
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Background: Improving prenatal diet quality may promote appropriate gestational weight gain (GWG). Aim: To examine relationships between dietary quality in the second and third trimesters of pregnancy and GWG. Methods: Participants’ ( n = 41) dietary intake was assessed at 14–20 and 35 weeks gestation via the Automated Self-Administered 24-h recall (ASA-24). Kilocalories and Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015) scores were calculated and associations with GWG were explored via linear regression. Results: Participants reported consuming 2139 ± 719 and 2085 ± 704 kilocalories at 18 and 35 weeks, respectively. HEI-2015 total scores at 18 (55.6 ±12.6) and 35 weeks gestation (56.6 ± 14.1) indicated a need for improvement. Greens and beans component score at 35 weeks was the only diet quality score associated with GWG. Conclusions: GWG was not associated with most diet quality indices. However, vegetable intake may help to attenuate GWG. Future research should seek to elucidate relationships between GWG and dietary quality/intake to provide valuable insight for researchers and clinicians.
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Hariadi, M. Helmi, Jumadi Jumadi, Insih Wilujeng, Heru Kuswanto, Wulandari Wulandari, and Sri Sundari. "Inquiry Training Learning Model Assisted by Google Classroom to Improve Creative Thinking Skills of Senior High School Students." JPI (Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia) 8, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v8i2.17339.
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This study aimed at determining the effect of the inquiry training learning model assisted by Google Classroom in improving students' creative thinking skills. This research was quasi-experimental. Total samples were 32 students of SMAN 1 Banguntapan. The instrument test was essay test to measure the creative thinking skills. The first step of study was the given the pretest, then face-to-face learning and online learning at the time agreed upon with students. The final stage was carried out posttest to see the achievement of score after treatment. The results showed that the gain scores of creative thinking skill in students are categorized into three, namely: 62% of students with low category gain scores, 31% of students with moderate category gain scores, and 7% of students with high category gain scores. The average score of gain of creative thinking ability was 0.3 which was in the medium category. Based on these results, further research is needed with an emphasis on optimizing the use of Google Classroom and confirming knowledge construction in face-to-face learning.
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N.E., Makata, Agbapuonwu N.E., Ilo I.C., Obasi S.C., Chinweuba A.U., and Agu M.C. "Effect of Two Teaching Methods on Sexual Health Knowledge of In-School Adolescents in Enugu State, Nigeria." African Journal of Health, Nursing and Midwifery 4, no. 5 (August 9, 2021): 38–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.52589/ajhnm-vvsemfoz.
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This quasi experimental study was designed to determine the effect of lecture and Socratic questioning teaching methods on mean sexual health knowledge gain of in-school adolescents in Enugu State, Nigeria. A sample of 310 senior secondary-two students in eight intact classes were drawn from 16,510 senior in-school adolescents using multi-stage sampling. Sexual health knowledge test comprising 50 items was used to test students’ knowledge of sexual health. Student t-test and ANOVA were used to test the hypotheses at α=0.05. There was significant difference in the mean sexual health knowledge gain scores of students taught with lecture and Socratic questioning methods (lecture x̄=9.25 > Socratic questioning x̄=7.25; p<0.01). There was statistically significant difference in the mean sexual health knowledge gain of students in urban and rural schools (P<0.001). Students in rural areas taught with lecture method had higher mean sexual health knowledge gain score (x̄=11.75) than those in the urban areas (x̄ = 7.50). Urban subjects taught with Socratic questioning had slightly higher mean sexual health knowledge gain score of x̄=7.26 compared to their rural counterparts that scored x̄=7.25. Lecture remains effective teaching method for improving sexual health knowledge of students. Health educators should use lecture methods for adolescents’ health instructions.
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Ramsey, Philip H., Patricia P. Ramsey, and Michael J. Barnes. "Effects of Student Confidence and Item Difficulty on Test Score Gains Due to Answer Changing." Teaching of Psychology 14, no. 4 (December 1987): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15328023top1404_3.
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Two undergraduate and two graduate classes in statistics were given multiple-choice tests with subsequent evaluation of answer changes. The 95 students tested had an answer change rate of 6.6%. In evaluating the number of answer changes, no significant effect was found for ability, gender, nor the interaction between ability and gender. An analysis of gain scores due to answer changing showed a significant main effect for item difficulty, student change confidence, and their interaction. No significant effect on gain score was found for ability or any interaction with ability. Significant gains, even for changes based on low confidence, were interpreted as suggesting that previous cautions about answer changing are not warranted.
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Sari, Rustika Novita, Muslimin Ibrahim, and Wasis Wasis. "PENGEMBANGAN PERANGKAT PEMBELAJARAN IPA TOPIK TEKANAN PADA ZAT CAIR BERORIENTASI INKUIRI TERBIMBING UNTUK MELATIHKAN KETERAMPILAN PROSES SAINS DAN PEMAHAMAN KONSEP SISWA SMP." JPPS (Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Sains) 5, no. 2 (January 30, 2017): 1048. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jpps.v5n2.p1048-1056.
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This research aimed to develop a valid, practical, and effective Science learning material with guided inquiry oriented to facilitate science process skill and science concept understanding of junior high school on the topic of the liquid pressure. The learning materials were developed with four-D model and try outed to the class VIII SMP Negeri 7 Bontang using one-group pretest-posttest design. The results were obtained: 1) The developed teaching materials were valid category with lesson plan scored 3.55, LKS scored 3.63, Student Book scored 3.63, performance test scored 3.43, and understanding concept test scored 3.75; readability of student book had 77,29% were easy to used for learning category; 2) The learning material is practiced to use in learning activity with score average of learning implementation is 3.6 in good category; 3) The learning material is also effective to facilitate to get science process skill student had high gain scores average with gain score 0.82; understanding of the concepts is also increasing had high category with gain score 0.73; the students respons toward material and implementation of learning are positive. The conclusion of the research is Science learning materials on the topic of liquid pressure with guided inquiry orientation are valid, practical, and effective to facilitate science process skill and science concept understanding in junior high school. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan perangkat pembelajaran IPA yang valid, praktis, dan efektif berorientasi model inkuiri terbimbing untuk melatihkan kemampuan proses sains dan pemahaman konsep siswa SMP topik tekanan pada zat cair. Perangkat pembelajaran dikembangkan dengan model 4-D yang diujicobakan kepada siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 7 Bontang dengan menggunakan One-Group Pretest-Posttest Design. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan: 1) Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan berkategori valid dengan penilaian pada RPP sebesar 3,55, LKS sebesar 3,61, Buku Siswa sebesar 3,63, tes keterampilan proses sains 3,43, dan tes pemahaman konsep 3,75; tingkat keterbacaan buku siswa sebesar 77,29% dengan kategori materi mudah untuk pembelajaran; 2) Perangkat pembelajaran yang dihasilkan praktis digunakan dalam pembelajaran yang terlihat dari rata-rata penilaian keterlaksanaan RPP sebesar 3,66 berkategori baik dan aktivitas siswa menunjukkan pembelajaran yang berpusat pada siswa; 3) Perangkat pembelajaran yang dikembangkan efektif untuk melatihkan keterampilan proses sains siswa dengan rata-rata peningkatan berkategori tinggi dengan gain score sebesar 0,82; rata-rata pemahaman konsep siswa juga meningkat dengan kategori tinggi dengan gain score 0,73; respon siswa positif terhadap perangkat dan pelaksanaan pembelajaran. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian tersebut, disimpulkan bahwa perangkat pembelajaran IPA topik tekanan pada zat cair berorientasi inkuiri terbimbing yang dikembangkan valid, praktis, dan efektif untuk melatihkan kemampuan proses sains dan pemahaman konsep siswa SMP
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Liu, Ou Lydia, Huili Liu, Katrina Crotts Roohr, and Daniel F. McCaffrey. "Investigating College Learning Gain: Exploring a Propensity Score Weighting Approach." Journal of Educational Measurement 53, no. 3 (August 2016): 352–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jedm.12112.
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Susiaty, Utin. "PENERAPAN MODEL PEMBELAJARAN DIRECT IINSTRUCTION (DI) TERHADAP PRESTASI BELAJAR MAHASISWA PRODI PENDIDIKAN TIK IKIP PGRI PONTIANAK." Edu Sains: Jurnal Pendidikan Sains & Matematika 5, no. 2 (March 14, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.23971/eds.v5i2.735.
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<p><em>The </em>aims<em> of this study were to investigate the </em><em>improvement of student achievement after given DI model. </em><em>This research used quasi experimental research. </em><em>The data collection technique was include test methods for data for student achievement. The data was analyzed </em><em>using n-gain analyzed (before-after analyzed)</em><em>. Based on these results it can be concluded there is improvement of student achievement after given DI model. </em><em>The result of the normalized gain score analysis obtained 2 students (6.25%) got high gain score, 14 students (43,75%) got medium gain score and 16 student (50%) got low gain score and overall average gain score students of 0.26 are categorized as low.</em></p>
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Apriliana, Anggi Citra, and Titi Setiawati. "THE EFFECTIVENESS OF BIBLIOTHERAPY IN IMPROVING HONEST CHARACTER ON THE ELEMENTARY STUDENTS." Widyagogik : Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran Sekolah Dasar 8, no. 1 (October 30, 2020): 16–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/widyagogik.v8i1.8677.
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The purpose of this study is to find out the effectiveness of bibliotherapy in improving honest character of elementary school students. The background in this research is the low honest character of elementary school students. Based on the results of interview to teachers and parents, the character that must be strengthened on the elementary students are honest character. This is because many students in elementary school started to act dishonestly from cheating and lying. Bibliotherapy is a method of healing (therapy) using books. The type of this research is a pre-eksperimental design with one group pretest-posttest design. The subjects are 10 students from 3rd grade of SDN Kananga in Jatinangor district-Sumedang Regency. The research data were collected through the pretest and posttest scores using the measurements of the honestly scale. Based on the calculation results of the N-Gain score test, it shows that the average N-Gain score using bibliotheraphy is 78.76 with a minimum N-Gain score is 74.15 and a maximum N-Gain score is 83,36. It is included in the effective category with high level of effectiveness criteria. So it can be concluded that bibliotherapy can improve the honest character of elementary students in SDN Kananga.
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Liang, Zhaoxia, Huikun Liu, Leishen Wang, Yuhang Chen, Tao Zhou, Yoriko Heianza, Weiqin Li, et al. "Maternal MTNR1B genotype, maternal gestational weight gain, and childhood obesity." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 111, no. 2 (December 11, 2019): 360–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/nqz296.
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ABSTRACT Background Maternal metabolic abnormalities have been related to offspring obesity especially during childhood. Objectives We analyzed whether the gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)-associated melatonin receptor 1B (MTNR1B) genotype of mothers modified the relation between maternal gestational weight gain and childhood obesity. Methods A total of 1114 Chinese mother-child pairs (mothers with or without prior GDM) were included. Mothers’ MTNR1B rs10830962 genotype and gestational weight gain were assessed. Indicators of childhood obesity included BMI-for-age z-score, weight-for-age z-score, waist circumference, and body fat. Childhood overweight and obesity were also analyzed. Results We found that the maternal MTNR1B genotype significantly interacted with gestational weight gain on indicators of offspring's obesity (all P for interaction < 0.05). After multivariable adjustment, BMI-for-age z-scores associated with 1-kg gestational weight gain were 0.009 (SE 0.018), 0.026 (SE 0.010), and 0.061 (SE 0.010) in children with the maternal MTNR1B genotype CC, CG, and GG, respectively (P-interaction = 0.012). Similar interactions were observed for weight-for-age z-score, waist circumference, and body fat (P-interaction = 0.001, 0.003, and 0.012, respectively). The associations remained consistently significant in women with and without GDM. We also found significant interactions between the maternal MTNR1B genotype and gestational weight gain on the offspring's childhood overweight and obesity (P-interaction = 0.005 and 0.026, respectively). Conclusions The maternal MTNR1B genotype might interact with gestational weight gain on offspring's obesity risk during childhood.
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May, Kim, and James B. Hittner. "Reliability and Validity of Gain Scores in Three Possible Scenarios." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 1 (August 1997): 179–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.179.
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In 1996 Williams, et al. presented results on the reliability and validity of difference (gain) scores for the case where the pretest variance is less than the posttest variance. We extend this work to the remaining two possible cases—wherein the two variances are approximately equal and wherein the pretest variance exceeds the posttest variance. Plausible applied scenarios are presented for these two cases. Using these scenarios and varying the pretest-posttest reliabilities, validities, and inter-correlation, the resulting reliabilities and validities for the gain score are delineated. Our results provide the applied researcher with additional insights into the psychometric properties of gain scores in various potential situations.
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Perng, Wei, Sheryl L. Rifas-Shiman, Michael S. Kramer, Line K. Haugaard, Emily Oken, Matthew W. Gillman, and Mandy B. Belfort. "Early Weight Gain, Linear Growth, and Mid-Childhood Blood Pressure." Hypertension 67, no. 2 (February 2016): 301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/hypertensionaha.115.06635.
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In recent years, the prevalence of hypertension and prehypertension increased markedly among children and adolescents, highlighting the importance of identifying determinants of elevated blood pressure early in life. Low birth weight and rapid early childhood weight gain are associated with higher future blood pressure. However, few studies have examined the timing of postnatal weight gain in relation to later blood pressure, and little is known regarding the contribution of linear growth. We studied 957 participants in Project Viva, an ongoing US prebirth cohort. We examined the relations of gains in body mass index z-score and length/height z-score during 4 early life age intervals (birth to 6 months, 6 months to 1 year, 1 to 2 years, and 2 to 3 years) with blood pressure during mid-childhood (6–10 years) and evaluated whether these relations differed by birth size. After accounting for confounders, each additional z-score gain in body mass index during birth to 6 months and 2 to 3 years was associated with 0.81 (0.15, 1.46) and 1.61 (0.33, 2.89) mm Hg higher systolic blood pressure, respectively. Length/height gain was unrelated to mid-childhood blood pressure, and there was no evidence of effect modification by birth size for body mass index or length/height z-score gain. Our findings suggest that more rapid gain in body mass index during the first 6 postnatal months and in the preschool years may lead to higher systolic blood pressure in mid-childhood, regardless of size at birth. Strategies to reduce accrual of excess adiposity during early life may reduce mid-childhood blood pressure, which may also impact adult blood pressure and cardiovascular health.
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Singh, Akriti, Honorine Ward, Shibani Ghosh, Beatrice Rogers, and Irwin Rosenberg. "Biomarkers of Environmental Enteric dDsfunction (EED) Predict Growth and Recovery Among Children with Moderate Acute Malnutrition (MAM) in Sierra Leone." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1081. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_153.
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Abstract Objectives The objectives of the study were to 1) develop an EED score using fecal host mRNA transcripts, 2) compare three EED biomarkers, and 3) examine associations between EED biomarkers and growth outcomes and recovery from MAM. Methods In a study nested within a supplementary feeding program for children 6–59 months of age with MAM in Sierra Leone, EED was assessed in all children enrolled using: 1) lactulose: mannitol (L: M) test (n = 422), 2) fifteen host fecal mRNA transcripts (n = 441), and 3) host fecal proteins [alpha-1-anti trypsin (AAT), myeloperoxidase (MPO), neopterin (NEO)] (n = 200). Data were also collected on anthropometry and z scores computed for length-for-age (LAZ), and weight-for-length (WLZ). Length and weight gain were assessed over 2 weeks and recovery from MAM was defined as mid-upper arm circumference ≥12.5 cm. Factor analysis was used to identify EED scores using the mRNA transcripts and mixed effects regression was conducted to test for associations. Results The fifteen host fecal mRNA transcripts clustered into three scores using factor analysis (Eigen value >1). These were termed the Gut Inflammation (GI) score (Eigen value = 5.55), Gut Structure (GS) score (Eigen value = 2.48), and Gut Defense (GD) score (Eigen value = 2.22). We found agreement between the GI score and MPO (P < 0.001), the GS score and AAT (P = 0.001), and between AAT and L: M excretion ratio (P = 0.036). The GD score was negatively associated with %L (P < 0.001). A lower LAZ was associated with higher inflammation (GI score, P = 0.014). A lower length gain was associated with higher permeability (AAT, P = 0.001). A lower WLZ was associated with higher inflammation (GI score, P = 0.021) and higher permeability (GS score, P = 0.002). A lower weight gain was associated with lower gut defense (GD score, P = 0.044) and higher inflammation (MPO, P = 0.002). High gut defense (GD score, P = 0.011) and low permeability (AAT, P = 0.007) predicted recovery from MAM. Conclusions Fifteen mRNA transcripts clustered into three scores with clusters reflecting inflammation, permeability and gut defense. These were variably correlated with the L: M test and host fecal proteins but seemed to measure the same characteristics of EED. Markers of inflammation, permeability, and gut defense were associated with growth outcomes, and predicted recovery from MAM. Funding Sources U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID).
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Le, Kathy, Tzuan A. Chen, Isabel Martinez Leal, Virmarie Correa-Fernández, Ezemenari M. Obasi, Bryce Kyburz, Teresa Williams, et al. "Organizational-Level Moderators Impacting Tobacco-Related Knowledge Change after Tobacco Education Training in Substance Use Treatment Centers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 14 (July 16, 2021): 7597. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18147597.
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Tobacco use is disproportionately elevated among patients with substance use disorders relative to the general U.S. population. Tobacco interventions are lacking within substance use treatment centers (SUTCs) due to lack of knowledge and training. This study examined knowledge gain and the organizational factors that might moderate knowledge gains following tobacco education training provided to employees (N = 580) within 15 SUTCs that were participating in a tobacco-free workplace program. The number of total annual patient visits, unique annual patient visits, number of full-time employees, and organizational readiness for implementing change (ORIC) as assessed prior to implementation were examined as potential moderators. Results demonstrated significant knowledge gain (p < 0.001) after training overall; individually, 13 SUTCs had significant knowledge gain (p’s < 0.014). SUTCs with fewer total annual patient visits and fewer full-time employees showed greater knowledge gains. The ORIC total score and all but one of its subscales (Resource Availability) moderated knowledge gain. SUTCs with greater initial Change Efficacy (p = 0.029), Valence (p = 0.027), and Commitment (p < 0.001) had greater knowledge gain than SUTCs with lower scores on these constructs; SUTCs with greater Task Knowledge (p < 0.001) regarding requirements for change exhibited less knowledge gain. Understanding the organizational-level factors impacting training effectiveness can inform efforts in organizational change and tobacco control program implementation.
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Farquharson, Kelly, Sherine R. Tambyraja, and Laura M. Justice. "Contributions to Gain in Speech Sound Production Accuracy for Children With Speech Sound Disorders: Exploring Child and Therapy Factors." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 51, no. 2 (April 7, 2020): 457–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/2019_lshss-19-00079.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore the extent to which child- and therapy-level factors contribute to gains in speech sound production accuracy for children with speech sound disorders in receipt of school-based services. Method Data were obtained from 126 kindergarten and first- and second-grade children currently in receipt of speech therapy services in their public school setting. Pretest and posttest measures of spontaneous speech production and language ability were collected at the beginning and end of one academic year. Using a spontaneous speech sample, percentage of consonants correct (PCC) was calculated for each child; a gain score was computed by subtracting the pretest PCC score from the posttest PCC score. The children's speech-language pathologist completed weekly therapy logs during business-as-usual therapy, indicating the frequency, duration, and group composition of services throughout the school year. Results Results supported that gain in PCC from pretest to posttest was predicted by several child- and therapy-level variables. Children's initial speech sound severity was negatively related to gains in PCC. Our results also supported that the total number of therapy sessions received in a year was positively predictive of PCC gain. Interestingly, the number of individual therapy sessions was negatively associated with PCC gain. Conclusion Several malleable therapy factors contribute to gains in speech sound accuracy for children with speech sound disorders. Speech-language pathologists should consider how these factors may be manipulated to best tailor treatment to the individual needs of the children on their caseloads.
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Tomiyama, Michio. "Relationship between Functional Insertion Gain and Speech Discrimination Score of Consonants." AUDIOLOGY JAPAN 36, no. 4 (1993): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4295/audiology.36.276.
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Wang, Wen-Chung, and Wu Chyi-In. "Gain Score in Item Response Theory as an Effect Size Measure." Educational and Psychological Measurement 64, no. 5 (October 2004): 758–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013164404264118.
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Wright, Daniel B. "Estimating school effectiveness with student growth percentile and gain score models." Journal of Applied Statistics 45, no. 14 (January 23, 2018): 2536–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02664763.2018.1426742.
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Pajor, F., A. Murányi, A. Szentléleki, J. Tőzsér, and P. Póti. "Effect of temperament of ewes on their maternal ability and their lambs’ postweaning traits in Tsigai breed." Archives Animal Breeding 53, no. 4 (October 10, 2010): 465–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-53-465-2010.
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Abstract. The aims of present study were to investigate the relationship between temperament score and cortisol and lactic acid levels of blood, as well as the effect of temperament on the maternal ability traits (milk production, lamb preweaning gain) and the postweaning growth of lambs in Tsigai breed. The temperament of thirty-one Tsigai ewes was scored by the temperament score test (behaviour of animals was assessed in a 5-score system (1: calm, 5: nervous) while spending 30 s on the scale during weighing), in addition, the cortisol level and the lactic acid concentration of blood were measured at weaning. The weaning weight, temperament, cortisol concentration, the pre- and the postweaning weight gain of lambs were also investigated in this study. The cortisol level and lactic acid concentration were highly related to the temperament scores of ewes (rrank=0.79, P<0.001; rrank=0.53, P<0.01). The calmer ewes had a lower cortisol (1.79 nmol/l, P<0.001) and lactic acid (1.87 mmol/l, P<0.01) concentration compared to the results of nervous ewes (5.35 nmol/l, 3.11 mmol/l, resp.). It was statistically proven (P<0.01) that the calm ewes’ lambs had higher preweaning weight gain (244.0 g/day) and weaning weight (22.0 kg) than nervous animals (201.7 g/day, 18.1 kg). In addition, the calm ewes milked by hand produced more milk (52.4 l, P<0.05) than nervous ewes (46.1 l) in the milking period. Furthermore, the calm ewes’ lambs had lower temperament score and cortisol concentration and better fattening performance than lambs were originated from nervous ewes.
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Ongko, Nofy, and Miftakhul Jannah. "Pengaruh Mind Control Training Terhadap Peningkatan Konsentrasi Pada Atlet Putri UKM Bola Voli Unesa." Jurnal Psikologi Teori dan Terapan 7, no. 1 (August 30, 2016): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jptt.v7n1.p16-25.
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The study was aimed to determine the effect of Mind Control Training on concentration among female athletes of a volleyball student club in Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa). This study used a quasi-experimental method with untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples. The subjects were sixteen female athletes who were divided into experimental and control groups. Mind Control Training treatment was given only in the experimental group, while the control group was not given any treatment. Data were obtained by performing the pretest and posttest in both groups with using Grid Concentration Exercise. Data were analyzed using wilcoxon test and gain score. The result shows that there is a significant difference between the concentration score before and after treatment in the experimental group (Sig.= 0,012, p < 0,05). In addition, the increase in the concentration of female athletes of student activity units volleyball Unesa can be seen from gain score in both groups, the experimental groups had an higher value of gain sccore than control group (19,875 > 10). This means that the hypothesis of this study is accepted that the Mind Control Training is effective to increase the concentration of female athletes of volleyball student club in Universitas Negeri Surabaya.Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji apakah ada pengaruh mind control training terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi pada atlet putri unit Kegiatan Mahasiswa (UKM) Bola Voli Universitas Negeri Surabaya (Unesa). Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah quasi experimental dengan untreated control group design with dependent pretest and posttest samples. Subjek penelitian ini berjumlah enam belas atlet putri yang dibagi menjadi kelompok eksperimen dan kelompok kontrol. Perlakuan berupa Mind Control Training hanya diberikan kepada kelompok eksperimen, sedangkan kelompok kontrol tidak diberikan perlakuan apapun. Data diperoleh melalui pretest dan posttest pada kedua kelompok menggunakan Grid Concentration Exercise. Analisis data menggunakan uji wilcoxon dan gain score. Hasil analisis uji wilcoxon menunjukkan terdapat perbedaan skor konsentrasi antara sesudah dan sebelum perlakuan Mind Control Training pada kelompok eksperimen (Sig.= 0,012, p < 0,05). Selain itu, peningkatan konsentrasi pada atlet putri UKM Bola Voli Unesa dapat dilihat dari nilai gain score pada kedua kelompok, nilai gain score pada kelompok eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan nilai gain score pada kelompok kontrol (19,875 > 10). Hasil tersebut menunjukkan bahwa hipotesis penelitian ini dapat diterima, yaitu Mind Control Training berpengaruh terhadap peningkatan konsentrasi pada atlet putri UKM Bola Voli Universitas Negeri Surabaya.
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Hariyanto, Agus, and Darmiyati Zuchdi. "KEEFEKTIFAN MODEL TGT DAN JIGSAW DENGAN PENDEKATAN SAINTIFIK PEMBELAJARANEKONOMI SMA NEGERI DI SLEMAN." Harmoni Sosial: Jurnal Pendidikan IPS 3, no. 2 (December 6, 2016): 125–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/hsjpi.v3i2.7906.
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Tujuan penelitian ini untuk menguji: (1) keefektifan model Teams Games Tournament (TGT) dan model Jigsaw dengan pendekatan saintifik, (2) membandingkan keefektifan model TGT dan Jigsaw dengan pendekatan saintifik dalam pembelajaran ekonomi SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Sleman. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen semu dengan desain pretest postest non equivalent group design. Populasi penelitian adalah siswa kelas X SMA Negeri di Kabupaten Sleman. Hasil penelitian sebagai berikut: 1) Model TGT dan Jigsaw dengan pendekatan saintifik efektif meningkatkan hasil belajar ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotorik. 2) Ada perbedaan keefektifan signifikan antara model TGT dan Jigsaw. Model Jigsaw mempunyai jumlah indeks gain score ranah kognitif, afektif, dan psikomotoriklebih tinggi dibandingkan TGT. Model TGT mempunyai gain score lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan Jigsaw untuk hasil belajar ranah kognitif. Model Jigsaw mempunyai gain score lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan TGT untuk hasil belajar ranah afektif. Model TGT dan Jigsaw menunjukkan gain score yang sama untuk hasil belajar ranah psikomotorik.THE EFECTIVENESS OF THE TGT AND JIGSAW MODELS USING THESCIENTIFIK APPROACHIN ECONOMICS LEARNINGAT STATE SHSs IN SLEMAN AbstractThis study aims to test: (1) the effectiveness of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) and Jigsaw modelsusing the scientific approach. (2) tocompare the effectiveness of the TGT and Jigsaw models using the scientific approach in economics learning at state SHSs in Sleman Regency. This was a quasi-experimental study pretest postest non equivalent group design employing the pretest-posttest design. The research population comprised Grade X students of state SHSs in Sleman Regency. The results of the study are as follows. 1) The TGT and the Jigsaw modelswhich are implemented using the scientific approach effectivelyimproves the learning outcome in the cognitive, affective, and psychomotoric domains. 2) There isa significant difference in terms of effectiveness between the two models. Jigsaw model is generates a higher gain score than TGT that was indicated by results of the sum of index gain score cognitive, affective, and psychomotoric aspects learning outcomes. The TGT learning model generates a higher gain score than the Jigsaw for the cognitive domain. The Jigsaw model, however, produces a higher gain score than the TGT for the affective domain. Compared to the Jigsaw model, the TGT learning model shows an equal gain score for the psychomotoric domain.
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Cronholm, Felix, Erik Lindgren, Björn E. Rosengren, Magnus Dencker, Caroline Karlsson, and Magnus K. Karlsson. "Daily School Physical Activity from before to after Puberty Improves Bone Mass and a Musculoskeletal Composite Risk Score for Fracture." Sports 8, no. 4 (March 28, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports8040040.
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This 7.5-year prospective controlled exercise intervention study assessed if daily school physical activity (PA), from before to after puberty, improved musculoskeletal traits. There were 63 boys and 34 girls in the intervention group (40 min PA/day), and 26 boys and 17 girls in the control group (60 min PA/week). We measured musculoskeletal traits at the start and end of the study. The overall musculoskeletal effect of PA was also estimated by a composite score (mean Z-score of the lumbar spine bone mineral content (BMC), bone area (BA), total body lean mass (TBLM), calcaneal ultrasound (speed of sound (SOS)), and muscle strength (knee flexion peak torque)). We used analyses of covariance (ANCOVA) for group comparisons. Compared to the gender-matched control group, intervention boys reached higher gains in BMC, BA, muscle strength, as well as in the composite score, and intervention girls higher gains in BMC, BA, SOS, as well as in the composite score (all p < 0.05, respectively). Our small sample study indicates that a daily school-based PA intervention program from Tanner stage 1 to 5 in both sexes is associated with greater bone mineral accrual, greater gain in bone size, and a greater gain in a musculoskeletal composite score for fractures.
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Hutcheon, Jennifer A., Robert W. Platt, Barbara Abrams, Katherine P. Himes, Hyagriv N. Simhan, and Lisa M. Bodnar. "A weight-gain-for-gestational-age z score chart for the assessment of maternal weight gain in pregnancy." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 97, no. 5 (March 6, 2013): 1062–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ajcn.112.051706.
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Daley, Daryl J., and David Vere-Jones. "Scoring probability forecasts for point processes: the entropy score and information gain." Journal of Applied Probability 41, A (2004): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021900200112367.
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Theentropy scoreof an observed outcome that has been given a probability forecastpis defined to be –logp.Ifpis derived from a probability model and there is a background model for which the same outcome has probabilityπ, then the log ratio log(p/π) is theprobability gain, and its expected value theinformation gain, for that outcome. Such concepts are closely related to the likelihood of the model and its entropy rate. The relationships between these concepts are explored in the case that the outcomes in question are the occurrence or nonoccurrence of events in a stochastic point process. It is shown that, in such a context, the mean information gain per unit time, based on forecasts made at arbitrary discrete time intervals, is bounded above by the entropy rate of the point process. Two examples illustrate how the information gain may be related to realizations with a range of values of ‘predictability'.
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Daley, Daryl J., and David Vere-Jones. "Scoring probability forecasts for point processes: the entropy score and information gain." Journal of Applied Probability 41, A (2004): 297–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1239/jap/1082552206.
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The entropy score of an observed outcome that has been given a probability forecast p is defined to be –log p. If p is derived from a probability model and there is a background model for which the same outcome has probability π, then the log ratio log(p/π) is the probability gain, and its expected value the information gain, for that outcome. Such concepts are closely related to the likelihood of the model and its entropy rate. The relationships between these concepts are explored in the case that the outcomes in question are the occurrence or nonoccurrence of events in a stochastic point process. It is shown that, in such a context, the mean information gain per unit time, based on forecasts made at arbitrary discrete time intervals, is bounded above by the entropy rate of the point process. Two examples illustrate how the information gain may be related to realizations with a range of values of ‘predictability'.
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Luke, B., E. Bryan, C. Sweetland, S. Leurgans, and L. Keith. "Prenatal Weight Gain and the Birthweight of Triplets." Acta geneticae medicae et gemellologiae: twin research 44, no. 2 (April 1995): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001566000001756.
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AbstractThe objective of this study was to evaluate the association between maternal factors, including rates of gestational weight gain before and after 24 weeks' gestation, and adequacy of intrauterine growth for gestational age at birth of triplets, as a mean Z-score of the triplet set. The study design was a retrospective, anonymous, pilot telephone survey of mothers of triplets and an historical cohort analysis of their prenatal weight gain records. The statistical analyses performed included multiple regression analysis to formulate a model for mean triplet Z-score (a measure of birthweight-for-gestational age) and analysis of variance to confirm and simplify the components of this model. Factors significant in the final model and their beta coefficients included weeks' gestation (-0.124, p <0.0001), rate of gain before 24 weeks' gestation (0.606, p = 0.005), and induced conception (−0.404, p = 0.01). Rate of gain > 1.5 lbs/week before 24 weeks was significant in the analysis of variance (p = 0.009). Better intrauterine growth for gestational age is achieved in triplet gestations with maternal weight gains of >1.5 lbs/week before 24 weeks' gestation.
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Linde, Louise, Jan Sørensen, Mikkel Østergaard, and Merete Lund Hetland. "Gain in Quality-adjusted Life-years in Patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis During 1 Year of Biological Therapy: A Prospective Study in Clinical Practice." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 9 (July 1, 2013): 1479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.121387.
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Objective.The quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) is used to measure outcome in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) studies; identification of drivers of a gain in QALY might help predict a treatment response. We investigated how changes in components of the Disease Activity Score-28 joints (DAS28) were associated with the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) and European Quality of Life 5 Dimensions (EQ-5D) responses; and what baseline variables predicted the change in QALY following 1 year of biological therapy.Methods.Data were collected at baseline and after 3, 6, and 12 months of biological therapy in Danish patients with RA and included bDAS28, sociodemographic data, comorbidity, Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ), and EQ-5D scored using the Danish algorithm. A cross-tabulation based on EULAR versus EQ-5D responses was performed, and the association of each DAS28 component across the EULAR/EQ-5D response groups was tested. Predictors of a change in QALY were assessed in a multiple regression model including baseline clinical and patient-reported data as explanatory variables.Results.In total, 315 patients entered the study; 77% were women, 78% IgM rheumatoid factor-positive, with mean age 55 (SD 13) years, disease duration 10 (SD 8) years, mean DAS28 4.9 (SD 1.2), HAQ score 1.22 (SD 0.70), and EQ-5D score 0.60 (SD 0.19). Sixty-eight percent of patients gained QALY; the mean gain was 0.14 (SD 0.13). The patient global score was strongly correlated with both EULAR and EQ-5D responses. The gain in QALY increased with increasing patient global score and number of swollen joints, but not with C-reactive protein (CRP).Conclusion.The subjective patient global score was the best baseline predictor of gain in QALY following biological therapy, while the objective CRP measure had no predictive value. It seems that no sharp demarcation between objective and subjective measures could be determined.
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Rosadi, Ihwan, Maridi Maridi, and Widha Sunarno. "The Effectiveness of Process-Oriented Guided Inquiry Learning to Improve Students’ Analytical Thinking Skills on Excretory System Topic." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 10, no. 3 (December 8, 2018): 684–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v10i3.15990.
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Analytical thinking is a fundamental skill in education and which needs to be developed. This research would describe the effectiveness of process-oriented guided ınquiry learning (POGIL) to improve students’ analytical thinking skills on the topic of excretory system. This study used Research and Development (R&D) design. It was conducted on the 11th grade students of senior high school in Ngawi, East Java in 2017/2018 academic year with one group pre-test and post-test design. The data collection techniques used were validation, observation, and test. The data were analyzed descriptively, whereby the analysis result was tested with the Gain test. The result showed that the students’ analytical thinking skills was significantly increased as stated by the N-gain score. In control class, there were 2 students (6.7%) whose N-gain score was in the low category, 25 students (83.3%) whose N-gain score was in the medium category, and 3 students (10%) whose N-gain score was in the high category. In the experimental class, there were 21 students (70%) who got N-gain score in the medium category, and 9 students (30%) who got N-gain score in the high category. The results of this research showed that the students analytical thinking skills were different after the implementation of POGIL method. Therefore, it could be concluded that the POGIL was effective to improve students’ analytical thinking skills on the excretory system in senior high school. The information obtained from this research can be used as a tool to improve students’ analytical thinking skills.
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Silaban, Rafles Asmawati, and Fahmi Rizal. "The Development of Program Logic Control (PLC) Trainer Media in Vocational High Schools." Journal of Education Research and Evaluation 4, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.23887/jere.v4i2.24606.
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This study aimed to develop the Program Logic Control ( PLC ) media. The validity, practicalities, and effectiveness, can be used as a media of teaching in schools on subjects IML. The method used was Research and Development (R&D) with the 4-D model of developing procedure. The subjects in this study were students of SMK Negeri 5 Batam, the technical data analysis obtained from 5 experts. Analysis of the data used to measure the validity, practicality, and effectiveness by looking at the difference between the average score of learning scores before and after using the trainer with Gain Score and Standard Deviation. The results of the study met the instructional media qualifications from the assessment of experts with a level of 0.88 stated in the valid category. In practicality based on the teacher's response was 92.00% and on the student, responses were 90.50%. Effectiveness is obtained from the results of the pretest with an average score was 59.63%, from the results of the posttest with an average score of 79.63%, the N-gain of the average student was 0.37 and the standard deviation from N -gain was 0.52. So, PLC trainers are valid, practical, and effective in learning at school. The PLC media trainer can be used in the learning process at school.
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Evelein, Annemieke M. V., Frank L. J. Visseren, Cornelis K. van der Ent, Diederick E. Grobbee, and Cuno S. P. M. Uiterwaal. "Excess Early Postnatal Weight Gain Leads to Increased Abdominal Fat in Young Children." International Journal of Pediatrics 2012 (2012): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/141656.
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Background. Increased childhood weight gain has been associated with later adiposity. Whether excess early postnatal weight gain plays a role in childhood abdominal fat is unknown.Design. In the ongoing Wheezing Illnesses Study Leidsche Rijn (WHISTLER), birth cohort weight and length from birth to age 3 months were obtained. In the first 316 five-year-olds, intra-abdominal and subcutaneous fat were measured ultrasonographically. Individual weight and length gain rates were assessed in each child. InternalZ-scores of weight for length gain (WLG) were calculated. Multiple imputation was used to deal with missing covariates.Results. Per-1-unit increase inZ-score WLG from birth to 3 months, BMI, waist circumference, and subcutaneous fat were significantly higher; 0.51 kg/m2, 0.84 cm, and 0.50 mm, respectively. After multiple imputation, a trend towards significance was observed for intra-abdominal fat as well (0.51 mm/SD). In the associations with 5-year adiposity, no interaction between postnatalZ-score WLG and birth size was found.Conclusion. Excess early postnatal weight gain is associated with increased general and central adiposity, characterized by more subcutaneous and likely more intra-abdominal fat at 5 years of age.
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Koknaroglu, H., and M. P. Hoffmann. "Effect of frame score on performance and carcass characteristics of steers finished in the feedlot or backgrounded for various time on pasture and finished in the feedlot." Archives Animal Breeding 53, no. 4 (October 10, 2010): 426–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-53-426-2010.
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Abstract. A two-year data of three-year study integrating pasture and drylot feeding systems was used to examine effect of frame score on performance and carcass characteristics of steers. Each year, 84 fall-born and 28 spring-born calves of similar genotypes were used. Fall-born and spring-born calves were started on test in May and October, respectively. Treatments were: 1) fall-born calves directly into feedlot; 2 and 3) fall-born calves put on pasture with or without an ionophore and moved to the feedlot at the end of July; 4 and 5) fall-born calves put on pasture with or without an ionophore and moved to the feedlot at the end of October; 6 and 7) spring-born calves put on pasture with or without an ionophore and moved to the feedlot at the end of October. Frame scores were determined by taking steers’ age and live weight into consideration. Cattle that grazed the same duration on pasture were regarded as the same treatment regardless of whether they received an ionophore or not. In the feedlot, steers were provided an 82 % concentrate diet containing whole-shelled corn, ground alfalfa hay, and a protein, vitamin and mineral supplement containing ionophore and molasses. Pens of cattle were harvested at approximately 522 kg. Cattle having a higher frame score at the entry to pasture and grazed until July and October tended to have higher and lower daily gain on pasture than those having lower frame score, respectively (P>0.05). Fall-born and spring-born cattle grazed until October, which had higher frame scores at the entry to pasture tended to have higher daily gain in the feedlot showing a compensatory growth. In the feedlot, within each treatment cattle having higher frame score tended to have higher daily gain (P>0.05) and had higher dry matter intake (P<0.05). Cattle spending longer time in the feedlot have better carcass quality and higher yield grades. Results showed that cattle with higher frame scores had higher growth potentials in the feedlot and if the grazing season is extended then daily gain of cattle having higher frame score decreases.
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Pajor, F., A. Szentléleki, E. Láczó, J. Tőzsér, and P. Póti. "The effect of temperament on weight gain of Hungarian Merino, German Merino and German Blackhead lambs." Archives Animal Breeding 51, no. 3 (October 10, 2008): 247–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-51-247-2008.
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Abstract. We evaluated temperament of sheep using two temperament tests: temperament score test and flight test. Temperament score test: behaviour of animals was assessed in a 5-score system while weighing, spending 30 s on the scale. Flight time test: the time taken by an animal to move a set distance (1.7 m) after exiting a weighing scale into an open yard. 10 rams, 22 ewes Hungarian Merino, 13 rams, 19 ewes German Merino and 12 rams, 16 ewes German Blackhead lambs were lot-fed on 49 days, after weaning. The temperament score test was not related to the weight at weaning, therefore the measurement of the temperament was not affected by the weaning process (P>0.10). The gender not affected the temperament scores in either of observations or genotypes. In this investigation German Blackhead lambs were calmer, than Hungarian Merino lambs. The evaluation of the effects of temperament (temperament score test [TS] and flight time test [FT]) on body weight showed that lambs with calm temperament had higher weight at the end of fattening (TS: 44.88 kg and FT: 42.37 kg) and higher average daily weight gain as well (TS: 492.18 g/day and FT: 430.03 g/day), compared to nervous animals (TS: 36.20 kg and 330.08 g/day, P<0.001; FT: 36.73 kg and 345.77 g/day, P<0.05). The lambs with good temperament had better fattening performance (higher weight at end of fattening, faster weight gain) than nervous lambs.
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Susilowati, Susilowati. "Pengembangan Bahan Ajar IPA Terintegrasi Nilai Islam untuk Meningkatkan Sikap dan Prestasi Belajar IPA Siswa." Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan IPA 3, no. 1 (April 6, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.21831/jipi.v3i1.13677.
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Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan bahan ajar IPA yang terintegrasi nilai Islam, mengetahui kelayakan dan keefektifan bahan ajar yang dikembangkan untuk meningkatkan sikap dan prestasi belajar IPA. Sikap terdiri dari sikap religi dan sikap positif terhadap IPA. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Research and Development (R&D) yang dikembangkan oleh Borg & Gall. Teknik analisis data menggunakan gain score, independent t test, dan uji MANOVA. Bahan ajar dalam bentuk buku siswa MTs dan buku guru MTs. Penilaian produk buku siswa MTs menurut ahli materi dan ahli media berkategori “sangat baik”. Buku guru MTs menurut ahli materi berkategori “baik” dan menurut ahli media berkategori “sangat baik”. Pembelajaran dengan menggunakan buku siswa MTs menunjukkan sikap religi meningkat tinggi (rerata gain score adalah 0,70), sikap positif terhadap IPA meningkat sedang (rerata gain score adalah 0,57), dan prestasi belajar IPA meningkat sedang (rerata gain score adalah 0,55).Kata Kunci: bahan ajar, buku siswa MTs, buku guru MTs, sikap, prestasi belajar Developing of Instructional Materials for Science Integrated with Islamic Values for Increasing Attitudes and Science Learning Achievement AbstractThe aims of the research was to develop instructional materials for science integrated with Islamic values, to determine the appropriateness and the effectiveness of the developed product for increasing attitudes and science learning achievement. Attitudes is consist of religious attitudes and positive attitudes toward science. This research is Research and Development (R & D) using Borg & Gall model. Data analysis techniques using gain score, independent t-test, and MANOVA test. Instructional materials in the form of MTs student books and MTs teacher books. Product assessment of the MTs student books according to matter experts and media experts are categorized “very well”. The MTs teacher books according to matter experts are categorized “good”, and according to media experts is categorized “very well”. Learning to use student books showed that religious attitudes have risen high (the mean gain score is 0.70), positive attitudes towards science have risen middle (the mean gain score is 0.57), and science learning achievement have risen middle (the mean gain score is 0.55).Keywords: instructional material, MTs student books, MTs teacher books, attitudes, science learning achievement
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Du, Yi, Lili Ren, Xingjian Liu, Weiwei Guo, Ziming Wu, and Shiming Yang. "The characteristics of vHIT gain and PR score in peripheral vestibular disorders." Acta Oto-Laryngologica 141, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00016489.2020.1812715.
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Wang, Xinzhuo, Odile Fargier-Bochaton, Giovanna Dipasquale, Mohamed Laouiti, Melpomeni Kountouri, Olena Gorobets, Nam P. Nguyen, Raymond Miralbell, and Vincent Vinh-Hung. "Is prone free breathing better than supine deep inspiration breath-hold for left whole-breast radiotherapy? A dosimetric analysis." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 197, no. 4 (January 8, 2021): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-020-01731-8.
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Abstract Purpose The advantage of prone setup compared with supine for left-breast radiotherapy is controversial. We evaluate the dosimetric gain of prone setup and aim to identify predictors of the gain. Methods Left-sided breast cancer patients who had dual computed tomography (CT) planning in prone free breathing (FB) and supine deep inspiration breath-hold (DiBH) were retrospectively identified. Radiation doses to heart, lungs, breasts, and tumor bed were evaluated using the recently developed mean absolute dose deviation (MADD). MADD measures how widely the dose delivered to a structure deviates from a reference dose specified for the structure. A penalty score was computed for every treatment plan as a weighted sum of the MADDs normalized to the breast prescribed dose. Changes in penalty scores when switching from supine to prone were assessed by paired t-tests and by the number of patients with a reduction of the penalty score (i.e., gain). Robust linear regression and fractional polynomials were used to correlate patients’ characteristics and their respective penalty scores. Results Among 116 patients identified with dual CT planning, the prone setup, compared with supine, was associated with a dosimetric gain in 72 (62.1%, 95% CI: 52.6–70.9%). The most significant predictors of a gain with the prone setup were the breast depth prone/supine ratio (>1.6), breast depth difference (>31 mm), prone breast depth (>77 mm), and breast volume (>282 mL). Conclusion Prone compared with supine DiBH was associated with a dosimetric gain in 62.1% of our left-sided breast cancer patients. High pendulousness and moderately large breast predicted for the gain.
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Wahyuillahi, Nurul Izzah, Imam Nawawi, and Putri Mahanani. "Penggunaan Aplikasi Quizizz Sebagai Metode Evaluasi dalam Pembelajaran Daring terhadap Hasil Belajar pada Muatan PKn Kelas V SD." Jurnal Pembelajaran, Bimbingan, dan Pengelolaan Pendidikan 1, no. 7 (September 4, 2021): 597–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um065v1i72021p597-604.
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Abstract: This research was conducted with the aim of knowing The Effect of Using Quizizz App in Online Learning on 5th Graders' PKn Final Score at SD Negeri Bunulrejo 1 Malang. This study used quasi-experiment as a research method and nonequivalent control group as a research design. The subject of the study were 91 5th graders in total; 24 students from 5A class and 26 students from 5B class. The instruments used was post-test. The data analysis technique used are mean difference test and descriptive analysis. The result showed that the average PKn post-test score in experimental group was 95,27 with 25,08 gain score while the average PKn post-test score in control group was 65,75 with 16,29 gain score. It showed that the average PKn final score and gain score in the experimental group is higher than in the control group after the test is being held. We can conclude that there are positive impact on using Quizizz app in online learning on 5th graders' PKn final score at SD Negeri Bunulrejo 01 Malang.
Abstrak: Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan guna mengetahui Pengaruh Penggunaan Aplikasi Quizizz Dalam Pembelajaran Daring Terhadap Hasil Belajar Pada Muatan PKN Kelas V di SD Negeri Bunulrejo 01 Malang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode quasi eksperimental design dengan menggunakan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Subjek penelitian adalah kelas VA sejumlah 24 peserta didik dan kelas VB sejumlah 26 peserta didik. Instrumen yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini berbentuk lembar tes. Teknik analisis data menggunakan beda mean dan analisis deskriptif. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Aplikasi Quizizz dirasa sangat efektif dan berpengaruh terhadap hasil belajar siswa. Hal ini dapat dilihat dari hasil penelitian yang diperoleh sebagai berikut, nilai rata-rata post-test hasil belajar PKn kelas eksperimen sebesar 95,27 (kriteria sangat baik) dengan peningkatan nilai (gain score) sebesar 25,08, sedangkan kelas kontrol nilai rata-rata post-test hasil belajar PKn sebesar 65,75 (kriteria cukup) dengan peningkatan nilai (gain score) sebesar 16,29. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan nilai rata-rata hasil belajar PKn dan gain score kelas eksperimen lebih tinggi dibandingkan kelas kontrol setelah diberikan perlakuan. Sehingga dapat disimpulkan bahwa adanya pengaruh (positif) dalam penggunaan Aplikasi Quizizz terhadap hasil belajar PKn kelas V di SD Negeri Bunulrejo 01 Malang.
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Volovetz, Josephine, Mary Joan Roach, Argyrios Stampas, Gregory Nemunaitis, and Michael L. Kelly. "Blood Alcohol Concentration Is Associated With Improved AIS Motor Score After Spinal Cord Injury." Topics in Spinal Cord Injury Rehabilitation 26, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 261–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.46292/sci20-00014.
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Objective: To investigate the relationship between blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and neurologic recovery after traumatic spinal cord injury (TSCI) using standardized outcome measures from the International Standards for the Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI) examination. Method: This is a retrospective review of merged, prospectively collected, multicenter data from the Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Database and institutional trauma databases from five academic medical centers across the United States. Patients with SCI and a documented BAC were analyzed for American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) motor score, FIM, sensory light touch score, and sensory proprioception score upon admission and discharge from rehabilitation. Linear regression was used for the analysis. Results: The study identified 210 patients. Mean age at injury was 47 ± 20.5 years, 73% were male, 31% had an AIS grade A injury, 56% had ≥1 comorbidity, mean BAC was 0.42 ± 0.9 g/dL, and the mean Glasgow Coma Score upon arrival was 13.27 ± 4.0. ISNCSCI motor score gain positively correlated with higher BAC (4.80; confidence interval [CI], 2.39–7.22; p < .0001). FIM motor gain showed a trend toward correlation with higher BAC, although it did not reach statistical significance (3.27; CI, −0.07 to 6.61; p = .055). ISNCSCI sensory light touch score gain and sensory proprioception score gain showed no correlation with BAC (p = .44, p = .09, respectively). Conclusion: The study showed a positive association between higher BAC and neurologic recovery in patients with SCI as measured by ISNCSCI motor score gain during rehabilitation. This finding has not been previously reported in the literature and warrants further study to better understand possible protective physiological mechanisms underlying the relationship between BAC and SCI.
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Mitchel, Elana, Jing Huang, Babette Zemel, Robert Baldassano, Lindsey Albenberg, and Michelle Denburg. "EXCESSIVE WEIGHT GAIN IN PEDIATRIC INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE PATIENTS ON ANTI-TNF THERAPY." Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 27, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2021): S19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa347.044.
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Abstract Background Limited studies in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) suggest that anti-TNF therapy may be associated with excessive weight gain. The objective of this study was to compare the change in BMI z-score in children with Crohn Disease (CD) on anti-TNF therapy (CD exposed) to those not on anti-TNF therapy (CD unexposed) over time. We also sought to determine if anti-TNF exposure is a risk factor for excessive weight gain and obesity. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study utilizing the RISK database, a longitudinal inception cohort of pediatric patients with CD. Multivariable logistic, linear random mixed effects, and multilevel mixed effects generalized linear regression models were used to evaluate the association of anti-TNF therapy with excessive weight gain, change in BMI z-score, and obesity, respectively. Excessive weight gain was defined as patients with a normal baseline BMI z-score who became overweight/obese or had a delta BMI z-score >1 at the end of follow-up, underweight patients who became overweight/obese, and overweight patients who became obese or had a delta BMI z-score >0.5 at the end of follow-up. Results 625 (61%) exposed and 404 (39%) unexposed patients were included. There was no difference in age at diagnosis or sex between groups, however the CD exposed group had lower BMI z-score [-0.9 (IQR -1.8, 0.0) vs -0.5 (IQR -1.4, 0.3)] as well as higher disease activity index [52.5 (IQR 35.0, 72.5) vs 40.0 (IQR 25, 57.5)] and C-reactive protein (CRP) [4.5 (IQR 1.4, 13.0) vs 2.7 (IQR 0.7, 9.0)] at baseline. 28% of the group exposed to anti-TNF therapy met criteria for excessive weight gain. Exposed patients were at 1.43 (CI 1.06, 1.93) greater odds of excessive weight gain as compared to the unexposed group, controlling for baseline BMI z-score and sex. BMI z-score increased with anti-TNF exposure, particularly in the first year of follow-up and in children who were underweight at baseline, controlling for baseline BMI z-score, sex, CRP, and steroid exposure (Table 1). Male sex was associated with higher BMI z-score, while CRP and steroid exposure were inversely related to BMI z-score. Exposed patients had increased adjusted odds of obesity and morbid obesity: OR 1.72 (CI 1.34, 2.20) and OR 5.72 (CI 2.77, 11.33), respectively (Table 2). Male sex and baseline BMI z-score also increased the odds of obesity and morbid obesity. Conclusion CD patients with anti-TNF exposure have a significant increase in BMI z-score over time as compared to patients unexposed to anti-TNF therapy. While for most patients this increase in BMI z-score is restorative, a subset of patients gain excessive weight or become obese. Anti-TNF therapy may be a risk-factor for this phenomenon. BMI z-score at diagnosis and male sex may also be risk factors. Future studies evaluating changes in adiposity and energy expenditure should be pursued. Note: Interaction term between anti-TNF and baseline BMI z-score. Interaction term between anti-TNF and time. Interaction term between anti-TNF and quadratic time. Note: Table for risk factors for morbid obesity in CD patients not included due to text constraints but with similar findings.
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Octavia, Lestari, Rina Agustina, Arindah Nur Sartika, Annisa Dwi Utami, Yayang Aditia Dewi, Anastasia Hayuningtyas, Mutia Winanda, Erfi Prafiantini, and Asmarinah. "Associations of maternal diet quality with weight gain during pregnancy and obesity at three-year postpartum in Jakarta." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 31, 2020): e0244449. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0244449.
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Dietary changes during pregnancy (DP) and post-partum are essential for women’s nutrition status and the health of their offspring. We compared the diet quality DP and at 3-year post-partum (3YPP) and assessed the relationship between maternal diet quality and nutritional status using a prospective cohort design among women in East Jakarta. In total, 107 women were recruited from the study in 2014 and followed up at 3YPP in 2018. The mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC), weight, and height were evaluated. Food consumption data were collected from repeated 24-h recalls. The validated US Diet Quality Index-Pregnancy (DQI-P) scores with eight components were calculated using the food consumption data and compared between DP and 3YPP. Associations of the DQI-P score with the MUAC and weight gain DP and body mass index (BMI) at 3YPP were analyzed using multivariable linear and logistic regression. The median of the DQI-P score DP was significantly higher than at 3YPP [35 (27; 42) versus 27 (19; 30); p-value <0.001, respectively]. The higher DQI-P score was associated with increased weight gain DP of 3.3 kg (adjusted β = 3.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.06–5.54) after adjusting for the mother's age and household income. The DQI-P score was not associated with an increased risk of chronic energy deficiency DP and overweight–obesity at 3YPP. Thus, the diet adequacy was associated with weight gain DP but did not affect the MUAC DP and BMI at 3YPP. The DQI-P score DP was slightly better than the diet at 3YPP; however, the overall diet quality was inadequate. In conclusion, a higher DQI-P score was associated with increased weight gain DP of 3.3 kg but was not associated with other nutritional status indices in DP and 3YPP. Innovative dietary quality improvement programs are required to reduce malnutrition risk in pregnant and reproductive-age women.
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Locke, Maren C., Samuel S. Wu, Kelly D. Foote, Marco Sassi, Charles E. Jacobson, Ramon L. Rodriguez, Hubert H. Fernandez, and Michael S. Okun. "Weight Changes in Subthalamic Nucleus vs Globus Pallidus Internus Deep Brain Stimulation: Results From the COMPARE Parkinson Disease Deep Brain Stimulation Cohort." Neurosurgery 68, no. 5 (May 1, 2011): 1233–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e31820b52c5.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Parkinson's patients, on average, gain weight after deep brain stimulation (DBS). OBJECTIVE: To determine potential differences in weight gain when comparing the subthalamic nucleus and the globus pallidus internus target. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on the prospective, randomized cohort of National Institutes of Health COMPARE trial DBS patients who received unilateral subthalamic nucleus or globus pallidus internus DBS. Baseline weights were recorded before DBS surgery and at 6, 12, and 18 months postoperatively. Relationships between weight change and changes in Beck Depression Inventory score, Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) motor score (part III) (also the dyskinesia duration and disability subscores from UPDRS IV), and Hoehn-Yahr stage were determined via Spearman's rank-order correlation coefficients. Regression analyses were performed to investigate the effects of potential factors on weight change over time. RESULTS: Patients in the COMPARE DBS cohort gained a significant amount of weight, a mean of 4.86 lb (standard deviation = 8.73) (P = .001), but there was no significant difference between subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus internus targets (weight gain of 4.29 ± 6.79 and 5.38 ± 10.32 lb, respectively; P = .68). Weight gain did not correlate with Beck Depression Inventory score change, UPDRS motor score, dyskinesia duration, dyskinesia disability change, or the Hoehn-Yahr stage (P = .62, .21, and .31, respectively). No specific variable was associated with weight gain, and there were no differences in binge eating post-surgery in either target. CONCLUSION: There were significant changes in weight over time after DBS therapy. However, neither Beck Depression Inventory score change nor UPDRS score change or dyskinesia was correlated with weight gain. No significant factor was associated with the weight change.
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Hastuti, Hastuti, Hansi Effendi, and Siti Hijriani. "APPLICATION OF OMRON PLC TRAINER AS A LEARNING MEDIA ON ELECTRIC MOTOR INSTALLATION COURSE." INVOTEK: Jurnal Inovasi Vokasional dan Teknologi 17, no. 1 (April 10, 2017): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/invotek.v17i1.25.
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The purpose of the study was to find the improving of student learning outcomes in applying learning media Trainer PLC OMRON and software CX-Programmer on the Electric Motor Installation Course (PLC) in Class XII TIPTL SMK Negeri 1 Bukittinggi. The design was quasi-experiment with one group pretest-posttest time series design. The subject were the student of class XII TIPTL SMK Negeri 1 Bukittinggi. The data were analyzed by using Gain score. In this study, the pretest and posttest were conducted twice, with the averages score of pretest 1 = 38,75, pretest 2 = 45,5, posttest 1 = 64,5 and posttest 2 = 85,8. These result indicate that the learning outcomes increase with the averages Gain score 1 = 0,407 categorized as medium, and Gain score 2 = 0,7625 categorized as high.
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Marques, Brenda Maria F. P. P., Mari L. Bernardi, Carolini F. Coelho, Mirian Almeida, Oscar E. Morales, Tiago J. Mores, Sandra M. Borowski, and David E. S. N. Barcellos. "Influence of tail biting on weight gain, lesions and condemnations at slaughter of finishing pigs." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 32, no. 10 (October 2012): 967–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2012001000003.
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The present study assessed the association of tail-biting lesions in finishing pigs with weight gain, occurrence of locomotion or respiratory disorders and abscesses during finishing period, and carcass condemnation at slaughter. The study was carried out on 4 different farms. For each animal with a tail biting lesion, two control pigs were selected. The total number of animals in the study was 312, with 104 of them being tail-bitten. Tail lesions were classified according to the degree of severity into four scores: score 0 -normal tail withou lesion; score 1-3 - increasing lesion severity, and score 4 - healed lesions. Overall, the occurrence of severe tail lesions (score 3) varied from 55 to 73% of tail-bitten pigs among farms. On all farms, healing of tail lesions was observed in 95% to 100% of the animals at the evaluation performed within 41-43 days after the commencement of the study. In two out of the four evaluated farms, pigs with score of 3 showed lower weight gain (P<0.05) compared with score 0 pigs. Before slaughter, the occurrence of locomotion problems and nodules/abscesses was associated (P<0.05) with the presence of tail-biting lesions. At slaughter, tail-biting lesions were associated (P<0.05) with the presence of abscesses, lung lesions (pleuritis and embolic pneumonia) or arthritis in carcasses. Carcass condemnation was associated with the presence of tail-biting lesions (P<0.05). Overall, carcass condemnation rate was 21.4%, of which animals with tail-biting lesions accounted for 66.7% of condemnations. Among the animals diagnosed with cannibalism at farm level, only two had not healed their lesions at slaughter. The fact that there were a lot of carcass condemnations, despite the fact that tail-bitten animals had no more active lesions, suggests that different situations may be observed between the field and slaughter, reinforcing the need to analyze pigs both at farm and slaughter to allow proper assessment of losses related to tail biting. Collectively, the observations of the present study show that complications associated with tail-biting found in slaughterhouses are probably underestimating field prevalence.
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HAND, R. K., S. R. GOULD, J. A. BASARAB, and D. F. ENOSTROM. "CONDITION SCORE, BODY WEIGHT AND HIP HEIGHT AS PREDICTORS OF GAIN IN VARIOUS BREED CROSSES OF YEARLING STEERS ON PASTURE." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 66, no. 3 (September 1, 1986): 837–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas86-093.
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Condition score, initial body weight and weight to hip height ratio were each negatively related to yearling steer gain on pasture but these relationships were too small to be of practical predictive value. Gain in the early part of the pasture season was a better predictor. A significant relationship (r = 0.71–0.86, P < 0.001) was noted between condition score and weight to hip height ratio. Key words: Yearling steers, condition score, hip height, pasture
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Diesel, Jill C., Cara L. Eckhardt, Nancy L. Day, Maria M. Brooks, Silva A. Arslanian, and Lisa M. Bodnar. "Gestational Weight Gain and Offspring Longitudinal Growth in Early Life." Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism 67, no. 1 (2015): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000437149.
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Background: Excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) increases the risk of childhood obesity, but little is known about its association with infant growth patterns. Aim: The aim of this study was to examine the association between GWG and infant growth patterns. Methods: Pregnant women (n = 743) self-reported GWG at delivery, which we classified as inadequate, adequate or excessive based on the current guidelines. Offspring weight-for-age z-score (WAZ), length-for-age z-score (LAZ (with height-for-age (HAZ) in place of length at 36 months)) and body mass index z-score (BMIZ) were calculated at birth, 8, 18 and 36 months using the 2006 World Health Organization growth standards. Linear mixed models estimated the change in z-score from birth to 36 months by GWG. Results: The mean (SD) WAZ was -0.22 (1.20) at birth. Overall, WAZ and BMIZ increased from birth to, approximately, 24 months and decreased from 24 to 36 months, while LAZ/HAZ decreased from birth through 36 months. Excessive GWG was associated with higher offspring WAZ and BMIZ at birth, 8 and 36 months, and higher HAZ at 36 months, compared with adequate GWG. Compared with the same referent, inadequate GWG was associated with smaller WAZ and BMIZ at birth and 8 months. Conclusion: Excessive GWG may predispose infants to obesogenic growth patterns, while inadequate GWG may not have a lasting impact on infant growth.