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Trattler, William, and Perry S. Binder. "Scoring System Minimizes Key Variables." Ophthalmology 116, no. 5 (2009): 1014–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ophtha.2009.01.050.
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Tauber, Robert T. "Quick-Key: The Latest Step in Hand-Scoring Exams." Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas 59, no. 6 (1986): 249–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00098655.1986.9955657.
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Sukboonyasatit, Kritsana, Chaiwit Thanapaisarn, and Lampang Manmar. "Key Performance Indicators Of Public Universities Based On Quality Assessment Criteria In Thailand." Contemporary Issues in Education Research (CIER) 4, no. 9 (2011): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/cier.v4i9.5695.
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The research objective was to develop public universities key performance indicators. Qualitative research and interviews were employed with each public universitys senior executive and quality assessors. The sample group was selected by the office of the public sector development commission and Thailands public universities can be separated into three groups based on their quality assessment score: 1) the high scoring group, 2) the moderate scoring group, and 3) the low scoring group. The results showed that the high scoring group had set a clear strategic context such as vision, mission, core values and corporate goals. In the case of the moderate scoring group it was found that some sections of the strategic context, such as the vision and mission, had already been defined, but corporate goals were yet to be determined. The strategic context was not clear and remained inactive for the low scoring group. In additional, each public university should establish two different sets of key performance indicators; first, a common key performance indicator which is aligned with the public university mission to enhance macro education, and which can be separated by five assessment perspectives as follows: 1) to produce graduates, 2) to promote and expand the universitys research, 3) to provide academic services, 4) to preserve and promote the arts, culture and heritage, and 5) to manage the university. The second specific key performance indicator should be aligned with the universitys strategic context, especially its vision and goals.
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김혜지 and Sung-Hee Lee. "Key Pose-Based Ballet Scoring Using Benesh Movement Notation System." Official Journal of the Koeran Society of Dance Science 33, no. 4 (2016): 125–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21539/ksds.2016.33.4.125.
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Kim, EuiSoo, YoungSeok Han, and MyoungSo Kim. "Comparison of validities for scoring keys and scoring algorithms in situational judgment test." Korean Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology 24, no. 1 (2011): 231–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24230/kjiop.v24i1.231-255.
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The purpose of the present study was to examine the fakability of the situational judgment test. Specifically, the study was focused on the following questions; (1) whether participants are able to fake their answers on the situational judgment test in the real situation of selection, (2) whether faking influences the criterion-related validity of the situational judgment test and its incremental validity over cognitive and personality tests, and (3) whether the combination of different scoring key(SME consensus, average in response, and empirical keying) and different scoring algorithm(scenario, Best-Worst, and Pick most) has influence on the degree of fakability as well as both criterion-related validity and incremental validity of the situational judgment test. 110 students who applied to the leadership program were considered the faking group, while 129 students of B department at A university were considered the honest group. The members of both groups completed a cognitive test, a personality questionnaire and a situational judgment test. Only for the situational judgment tests, each group was asked to respond as instructed. Another group of 78 students of A university participated in the survey to develop two scoring key(empirical, average in response keying). SME consensus key was developed by 9 SMEs(5 undergraduate students with leadership and good GPA, 4 graduate students). And then 9 situational judgment scores were produced independently. Results indicated that the all scores of students in the faking group were significantly higher than those of students in the honest group. Furthermore, criterion-related validity of the situational judgement test in the honest group was higher than that of the faking group for both task performance and contextual performance. While faking had negative effects on the criterion-related validity for both criteria of performance, incremental validity of the situational judgement test in the honest group was higher than that of the faking group only for the contextual criteria. Finally, the limitation and future direction of the present study were discussed.
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Phillips, Nicole Margaret, Maryann Street, Bridie Kent, Emily Haesler, and Mary Cadeddu. "Post-anaesthetic discharge scoring criteria: key findings from a systematic review." International Journal of Evidence-Based Healthcare 11, no. 4 (2013): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1744-1609.12044.
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Revets, Stefan A. "A key to the unilocular hyaline Foraminifera." Journal of Micropalaeontology 24, no. 2 (2005): 145–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.24.2.145.
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Abstract. The paper is an attempt to apply best taxonomic practice to a well delimited group of Foraminifera: the lagenids. Analysis results in the recognition of 20 characters, which are defined and described through an explicitly defined, consistent terminology. The database resulting from the scoring of characters of all the lagenid genera allows the construction of a set of identification keys and the production of a set of uniform, consistent diagnoses.
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Sivam, Ashwin, Teresa Dieguez, Luís Pinto Ferreira, and F. J. G. Silva. "Key settings for successful Open Innovation Arena." Journal of Computational Design and Engineering 6, no. 4 (2019): 507–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcde.2019.03.005.
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Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine settings for the Open Innovation Arena. In greater depth, this paper aims to analyse and reveal which factors influence the formation of an appropriate arena for doing open innovation and furthermore to prescribe how a firm can create an effective arena to gain access to external knowledge. This paper presents a review on open innovation literature with the purpose of examining the current understanding of factors influencing a firm's capacity to embrace and practice open innovation as well as understanding what is critical when fitting outside systems. It presents the results of a survey conducted among 25 researchers from INESC TEC, the Portuguese Institute for Systems and Computer Engineering, Technology, and Science. The study concludes that conditions, namely culture, leadership and strategy, are the main drivers to an open innovation arena, highlighting culture as the most important one. Highlights Nowadays, the goal of each organisation is to conquest competition and to win new customers. Firms must create physical locations where collaboration is encouraged. Companies must be able to diagnose, measure and question its innovation performance and potential. The Innovation Scoring System impacts a firm's capacity to embrace and practice open innovation; Impacting factors on Innovation Scoring System: Conditions, Resources, Processes and Results. Open Innovation is a powerful tool for the sustainable development of the companies.
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Billiet, Lieven, Sabine Van Huffel, and Vanya Van Belle. "Interval Coded Scoring: a toolbox for interpretable scoring systems." PeerJ Computer Science 4 (April 2, 2018): e150. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.150.
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Over the last decades, clinical decision support systems have been gaining importance. They help clinicians to make effective use of the overload of available information to obtain correct diagnoses and appropriate treatments. However, their power often comes at the cost of a black box model which cannot be interpreted easily. This interpretability is of paramount importance in a medical setting with regard to trust and (legal) responsibility. In contrast, existing medical scoring systems are easy to understand and use, but they are often a simplified rule-of-thumb summary of previous medical experience rather than a well-founded system based on available data. Interval Coded Scoring (ICS) connects these two approaches, exploiting the power of sparse optimization to derive scoring systems from training data. The presented toolbox interface makes this theory easily applicable to both small and large datasets. It contains two possible problem formulations based on linear programming or elastic net. Both allow to construct a model for a binary classification problem and establish risk profiles that can be used for future diagnosis. All of this requires only a few lines of code. ICS differs from standard machine learning through its model consisting of interpretable main effects and interactions. Furthermore, insertion of expert knowledge is possible because the training can be semi-automatic. This allows end users to make a trade-off between complexity and performance based on cross-validation results and expert knowledge. Additionally, the toolbox offers an accessible way to assess classification performance via accuracy and the ROC curve, whereas the calibration of the risk profile can be evaluated via a calibration curve. Finally, the colour-coded model visualization has particular appeal if one wants to apply ICS manually on new observations, as well as for validation by experts in the specific application domains. The validity and applicability of the toolbox is demonstrated by comparing it to standard Machine Learning approaches such as Naive Bayes and Support Vector Machines for several real-life datasets. These case studies on medical problems show its applicability as a decision support system. ICS performs similarly in terms of classification and calibration. Its slightly lower performance is countered by its model simplicity which makes it the method of choice if interpretability is a key issue.
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Al-Imam, Ahmed, and Ban A. AbdulMajeed. "Analysis of the Bases of Power of Key Players in the Industry of Novel Psychoactive Substances." Global Journal of Health Science 9, no. 11 (2017): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/gjhs.v9n11p14.
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BACKGROUND: The study of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) should be at the intersect of neuroscience, psychology, social science, data science, information and communication technology, policy-making, and legislation. The amalgamation of social science should be widely implemented; the concept of the individual basis of power (authority) has been applied in this study; the aim was to quantify the magnitude of authority for the major players in connection with the NPS industry.MATERIALS & METHODS: Data were collected for NPS researchers and e-vendors. Concerning the NPS scientists, fifty researchers were randomly picked using a random number generator. For each researcher; a power score was calculated; the power scoring is representative for the individual basis of power. There will be a kindred analysis for e-vendors on the darknet; the power scoring will rely on; e-vendor level, trust level, duration of membership in the e-market (vendor's antiquity), number of positive and negative feedbacks from e-customers, number of sold substances, number of subscribers, and e-vendor’s scoring on Grams search engine.RESULTS: Unfortunately, the summative power scores of NPS protagonists were higher than those who oppose and regulate the NPS phenomenon. Terrorist organisations were found to possess the highest power scores due to the additional use of illegal tactics. Power scoring for NPS researchers was highest in Europe, particularly the in the UK and Italy. On the other hand, e-vendors’ power scoring was highest for the AlphaBay e-market of the darknet.CONCLUSION: Principles of social science and psychology should be integrated into the collaborative efforts of NPS researchers. This study proposes a novel method to assess the authority of NPS-related personnel existing within the virtual space of the web; its applications are not limited to NPS researchers and e-vendors but can also be applicable for; e-markets, e-customers and (ab)users, and policy makers.
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Belli, Keith L., Samuel B. Land, and Howard W. Duzan. "A Tree Quality Scoring System for Immature Loblolly Pine." Southern Journal of Applied Forestry 21, no. 1 (1997): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sjaf/21.1.24.
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Abstract A tree quality scoring system was developed for immature loblolly pines to simulate the subjective quality tree grades determined by experienced industrial foresters. The system was designed to be used either in the office via a computer algorithm, or in the field via a dichotomous key. Results showed that both computer and field key performed well in terms of precision, although the key was susceptible to a higher degree of user bias. Both methods produced consistent, or repeatable, results. The scoring system should be useful for precommercial thinning decisions. South. J. Appl. For. 21(1):24-27.
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Porter, Alan L., Jon Garner, Stephen F. Carley, and Nils C. Newman. "Emergence scoring to identify frontier R&D topics and key players." Technological Forecasting and Social Change 146 (September 2019): 628–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.04.016.
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Diamond, Mark R., Angela O'brien-Malone, and Rosalind J. Woodworth. "Scoring the VIA Survey of Character." Psychological Reports 107, no. 3 (2010): 833–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/02.07.09.pr0.107.6.833-836.
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The VIA Survey of Character (VIA) is a self-report inventory designed to measure and assess 24 character strengths that are linked conceptually to six fundamental “virtues“—Wisdom and Knowledge, Courage, Humanity, Justice, Temperance, and Transcendence, as developed by Peterson and Seligman in 2004. Despite its popularity, the current presentation of the VIA is not easy to score; researchers must either use a limited online scoring facility or must use outdated scoring keys. This paper presents a full description of the scoring key.
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Mathew, Ashish J., Simon Krabbe, Iris Eshed, et al. "The OMERACT MRI in Enthesitis Initiative: Definitions of Key Pathologies, Suggested MRI Sequences, and a Novel Heel Enthesitis Scoring System." Journal of Rheumatology 46, no. 9 (2019): 1232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.181093.
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Objective.To develop and validate an enthesitis magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scoring system for spondyloarthritis/psoriatic arthritis, using the heel as model.Methods.Consensus definitions of key pathologies and 3 heel enthesitis multireader scoring exercises were done, separated by discussion, training, and calibration.Results.Definitions for bone and soft tissue pathologies were agreed. In the final exercise, median pairwise single-measures intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC; patient-level) for entheseal inflammation status/change scores were 0.83/0.82 for all readers. For radiologists and selected rheumatologists, ICC were 0.91/0.84 and quadratic-weighted κ (lesion-level) 0.57–0.91/0.45–0.81.Conclusion.The proposed definitions and Heel Enthesitis Scoring System (HEMRIS) are reliable among trained readers and promising for clinical trials.
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Zhang, Yajing, Guotai Chi, and Zhipeng Zhang. "Decision tree for credit scoring and discovery of significant features: An empirical analysis based on Chinese microfinance for farmers." Filomat 32, no. 5 (2018): 1513–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/fil1805513z.
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For the tens of thousands of farmers? loan financing, it?s imperative to find which features are the key indicators affecting the credit scoring of rural households. In this paper, C5.0, CHAID and C&RT three models are used to screen the key indicators affecting farmers? credit scoring, and 2044 farmers? microfinance data from 28 provinces in China are applied in the empirical study. The empirical results show the classification accuracy of C5.0 is better than CHAID and C&RT in both the training set and test set, thus finally use the feature subset selected by C5.0. Six key features screened from 44 attributes by C5.0, which have significant influence on credit scoring of farmers, namely, education level, net income each year/per capita GDP, education cost of children each year, Residence type, residential year, relationship with cosigners.
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Shah, Dimpy P., Shashank S. Ghantoji, Ella J. Ariza-Heredia, et al. "Immunodeficiency scoring index to predict poor outcomes in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients with RSV infections." Blood 123, no. 21 (2014): 3263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2013-12-541359.
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Key Points An immunodeficiency scoring index for RSV-infected hematopoietic cell transplant recipients predicts the risk of pneumonia and death. This scoring index would assist in the decision-making for initiating antiviral therapy in patients at high risk for poor outcomes.
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Mascarenhas, Sheryl, and Nina Couette. "A Systematic Review of the Inclusion of Non-Inflammatory Ultrasonographic Enthesopathy Findings in Enthesitis Scoring Indices." Diagnostics 11, no. 4 (2021): 669. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11040669.
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Ultrasound has advanced the diagnosis and management of patients with inflammatory rheumatic conditions. It can be used to identify and monitor enthesitis, a cardinal feature of spondyloarthropthies. Several enthesitis scoring systems utilizing ultrasound to determine entheseal involvement have been developed. These scoring systems generally rely on determining the presence or absence of erosions, tendon enlargement, power Doppler signal, or enthesophytes. This systematic review identified ultrasound scoring systems that have been utilized for evaluating enthesitis and what key components derive the score. Review of these scoring systems, however, demonstrated confounding as some of the score components including enthesophytes may be seen in non-inflammatory conditions and some components including erosions can be seen from chronic damage, but not necessarily indicate active inflammatory disease. What is furthermore limiting is that currently there is not an agreed upon term to describe non-inflammatory enthesopathies, further complicating these scoring systems. This review highlights the need for a more comprehensive ultrasound enthesopathy scoring index.
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Agostinho, Marcus Fábio, and Emerson Franchini. "Observational analysis of the variability of actions in judo: the key for success?" Revista de Artes Marciales Asiáticas 15, no. 2 (2021): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18002/rama.v15i2.6341.
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The main objective of the present study was to determine whether variation in gripping action, actions before attacking, throwing techniques, direction of attack, transition from standing to groundwork combat, and groundwork techniques varied between male and female judo athletes and between gold, silver and bronze medalists in judo World Championships for cadet, junior and senior athletes. Therefore, 296 athletes who won medals in these competitions between 2018 and 2019, who executed a total of 1202 scoring actions in standing position and 300 scoring actions in the groundwork combat were analyzed. Higher variation was observed for gold medal winners for grip, actions before attack compared to bronze medalists, whereas transition variation was greater for gold medal winners compared to the other medalists. However, no differences were found between age groups, except when interacting with sex, as a lower technique variation was observed in female cadets compared to all other male age groups. Additionally, less variation was observed in females compared to males for grip, actions before attacking, number of techniques and direction of attacks. Therefore, variation in some elements can properly discriminate the podium position, females present less variation than males, but no relevant differences were found between age groups.
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Indrayuana, Adhitya. "Penggunaan Software “Native Instrument Kontakt” Pada Scoring Film." ULTIMART Jurnal Komunikasi Visual 6, no. 1 (2016): 19–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.31937/ultimart.v6i1.363.
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Native Instrument Kontakt adalah software simulasi instrument atau sound effect yang biasa digunakan dalam menciptakan bunyi-bunyian , music dan scoring film . Suara pada software ini relative real seperti suara aslinya karena proses capturing-nya menggunakan instrument asli (analog) yang sudah ada . Target penggunanya adalah Composer & Sound Designer yang ingin bekerja cepat dan mendapat- kan hasil yang maksimal. Selain itu software ini sangat membantu ketika film yang akan di garap musiknya merupakan film low budget.
 Key words : simulasi , capturing instrument , software , composing , real audio , sequencer , midi.
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Hébert-Losier, Kim, Ivana Hanzlíková, Chen Zheng, Lee Streeter, and Michael Mayo. "The ‘DEEP’ Landing Error Scoring System." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (2020): 892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10030892.
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The Landing Error Scoring System (LESS) is an injury-risk screening tool used in sports; but scoring is time consuming, clinician-dependent, and generally inaccessible outside of elite sports. Our aim is to evidence that LESS scores can be automated using deep-learning-based computer vision combined with machine learning and compare the accuracy of LESS predictions using different video cropping and machine learning methods. Two-dimensional videos from 320 double-leg drop-jump landings with known LESS scores were analysed in OpenPose. Videos were cropped to key frames manually (clinician) and automatically (computer vision), and 42 kinematic features were extracted. A series of 10 × 10-fold cross-validation experiments were applied on full and balanced datasets to predict LESS scores. Random forest for regression outperformed linear and dummy regression models, yielding the lowest mean absolute error (1.23) and highest correlation (r = 0.63) between manual and automated scores. Sensitivity (0.82) and specificity (0.77) were reasonable for risk categorization (high-risk LESS ≥ 5 errors). Experiments using either a balanced (versus unbalanced) dataset or manual (versus automated) cropping method did not improve predictions. Further research on the automation would enhance the strength of the agreement between clinical and automated scores beyond its current levels, enabling quasi real-time scoring.
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König, Cornelius J., Anne Jansen, and Peter Lüscher Mathieu. "What If Applicants Knew How Personality Tests are Scored?" Journal of Personnel Psychology 16, no. 4 (2017): 206–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1866-5888/a000183.
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Abstract. Having access to information on personality tests might make faking of personality tests easier because applicants are not hindered by incorrect assumptions about the scoring. Thus, this experiment tests whether very briefly telling applicants how personality tests are scored affects faking. Management assistants (N = 187), asked to imagine themselves as job applicants, were either informed about the scoring key or given no information before filling out a Big Five personality test. Results revealed that this minimal manipulation increased faking. This finding supports the notion that applicants often incorrectly assume that scoring procedures are overly complex and gives practitioners additional reason to worry about more future faking.
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ØSTERGAARD, MIKKEL, FIONA McQUEEN, CHARLOTTE WIELL, et al. "The OMERACT Psoriatic Arthritis Magnetic Resonance Imaging Scoring System (PsAMRIS): Definitions of Key Pathologies, Suggested MRI Sequences, and Preliminary Scoring System for PsA Hands." Journal of Rheumatology 36, no. 8 (2009): 1816–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.090352.
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This article describes a preliminary OMERACT psoriatic arthritis magnetic resonance image scoring system (PsAMRIS) for evaluation of inflammatory and destructive changes in PsA hands, which was developed by the international OMERACT MRI in inflammatory arthritis group. MRI definitions of important pathologies in peripheral PsA and suggestions concerning appropriate MRI sequences for use in PsA hands are also provided.
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Et.al, Aqilah Nadiah MD SAHIQ. "Towards Achieving Long-Term Debt Sustainability: A Systematic Review of the Key Determinants of Personal Bankruptcy." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 3 (2021): 1305–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i3.900.
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Purpose: This systematic review aimed to assess previous research about financial and non-financial causes of personal bankruptcy among individual households. Additionally, the paper aimed to provide an insight into the key determinants of personal bankruptcy and to determine their relationship with individual characteristics. The fundamental causes of bankruptcy and its effects on financial status were also discussed. Through understanding the causes of bankruptcy, we hope to help financial institutions to minimise the number of personal bankruptcies.
 Design/methodology/approach: A comprehensive systematic search was conducted to identify articles on determinants of personal bankruptcy. The selected articles were then analysed using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) protocol.
 Findings: We identified several themes that emerged as the key determinants of personal bankruptcy filings. These determinants were demographic indicators, socioeconomic status indicators, debt indicators, financial indicators, social stigma indicators, behavioural indicators, and macroeconomic indicators.
 Research implications: The key determinants of personal bankruptcy that were identified in this systematic review are renowned factors in the personal bankruptcy literature. Therefore, these determinants should be studied extensively to examine their effects in other studies and using a different type of datasets.
 Practical implications: The findings of this study help the financial institutions to predict the likelihood of consumer default by developing an effective credit scoring model. Additionally, the development of an effective credit scoring model could serve as an early warning indicator to identify “high risk” client.
 Originality/value: Bankruptcy is a long-term process that does not occur instantly. Therefore, a longitudinal and comprehensive approach is required to understand bankruptcy. Our findings contribute to the current literature by providing a better understanding of the causes of personal bankruptcy. We recommend developing an effective credit scoring model to predict the likelihood of personal bankruptcy.
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Xia, Yao Wen, Zhi Ping Li, Sai Dong Lv, and Guo Hua Tang. "The Design and Implemention of Subjective Questions Automatic Scoring Algorithm in Intelligent Turtoring System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 347-350 (August 2013): 2647–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.347-350.2647.
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Automatic subjective question of marking is a key technology in the network test system. In order to solve this problem, this paper analyzes the grading teachers thinking reviewers subjective questions. Then introduce the concept of a one-way approach degree based on the nearness theory of fuzzy mathematics. Finally design a subjective question automatic scoring algorithm and give a specific algorithm achievement. It provide certain reference value of automatic scoring of subjective questions.
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WAN, XIANG, THEODORE TEGOS, and GUOHUI LIN. "HISTOGRAM-BASED SCORING SCHEMES FOR PROTEIN NMR RESONANCE ASSIGNMENT." Journal of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology 02, no. 04 (2004): 747–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219720004000843.
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In NMR protein structure determination, after the resonance peaks have been identified and chemical shifts from peaks across multiple spectra have been grouped into spin systems, associating these spin systems to their host residues is the key toward the success of structural information extraction and thus the key to the success of the structure calculation. To achieve accurate enough structure calculation, a near complete and accurate assignment is a prerequisite. There are two pieces of information that can be used into the assignment, one of which is the adjacency information among the spin systems and the other is the signature information of the spin systems. The signature information reflects the fact that, generally speaking, for one type of amino acid residing in a specific local structural environment, the chemical shifts for the atoms inside the amino acid fall into some very narrow distinct ranges. In most of the existing work, normal distributions are assumed with means and standard deviations statistically collected from the available data. In this paper, we followed a simple yet effective histogram-based way to estimate for every spin system the probability that its host is a certain type of amino acid residing in a certain type of secondary structure. We used two combinations of chemical shifts to demonstrate the effectiveness of this type of histogram-based scoring schemes.
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Hanmer, Janel, David Cella, David Feeny, et al. "Selection of key health domains from PROMIS® for a generic preference-based scoring system." Quality of Life Research 26, no. 12 (2017): 3377–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11136-017-1686-2.
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Guan, Longfei, Hongbin Yang, Yingchun Cai, et al. "ADMET-score – a comprehensive scoring function for evaluation of chemical drug-likeness." MedChemComm 10, no. 1 (2019): 148–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8md00472b.
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Duca, Stefano, and Heinrich H. Nax. "Groups and scores: the decline of cooperation." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 144 (2018): 20180158. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0158.
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Cooperation among unrelated individuals in social-dilemma-type situations is a key topic in social and biological sciences. It has been shown that, without suitable mechanisms, high levels of cooperation/contributions in repeated public goods games are not stable in the long run. Reputation, as a driver of indirect reciprocity, is often proposed as a mechanism that leads to cooperation. A simple and prominent reputation dynamic function through scoring: contributing behaviour increases one's score, non-contributing reduces it. Indeed, many experiments have established that scoring can sustain cooperation in two-player prisoner's dilemmas and donation games. However, these prior studies focused on pairwise interactions, with no experiment studying reputation mechanisms in more general group interactions. In this paper, we focus on groups and scores, proposing and testing several scoring rules that could apply to multi-player prisoners' dilemmas played in groups, which we test in a laboratory experiment. Results are unambiguously negative: we observe a steady decline of cooperation for every tested scoring mechanism. All scoring systems suffer from it in much the same way. We conclude that the positive results obtained by scoring in pairwise interactions do not apply to multi-player prisoner's dilemmas, and that alternative mechanisms are needed.
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Yao, Chi-Yuan, Ching-Hsuan Chen, Huai-Hsuan Huang, et al. "A 4-lncRNA scoring system for prognostication of adult myelodysplastic syndromes." Blood Advances 1, no. 19 (2017): 1505–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2017008284.
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Key Points Through lncRNA profiling, we identified an MDS patient subset with distinct clinical and mutational patterns along with inferior outcomes. A concise yet powerful 4-lncRNA risk-scoring system was devised with the potential to improve current MDS risk stratification.
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Lanzarini, Laura Cristina, Augusto Villa Monte, Aurelio F. Bariviera, and Patricia Jimbo Santana. "Simplifying credit scoring rules using LVQ + PSO." Kybernetes 46, no. 1 (2017): 8–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-06-2016-0158.
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Purpose One of the key elements in the banking industry relies on the appropriate selection of customers. To manage credit risk, banks dedicate special efforts to classify customers according to their risk. The usual decision-making process consists of gathering personal and financial information about the borrower. Processing this information can be time-consuming, and presents some difficulties because of the heterogeneous structure of data. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents an alternative method that is able to generate rules that work not only on numerical attributes but also on nominal ones. The key feature of this method, called learning vector quantization and particle swarm optimization (LVQ + PSO), is the finding of a reduced set of classifying rules. This is possible because of the combination of a competitive neural network with an optimization technique. Findings These rules constitute a predictive model for credit risk approval. The reduced quantity of rules makes this method useful for credit officers aiming to make decisions about granting a credit. It also could act as an orientation for borrower’s self evaluation about her/his creditworthiness. Research limitations/implications In spite of the fact that conducted tests showed no evidence of dependence between results and the initial size of the LVQ network, it is considered desirable to repeat the measurements using an LVQ network of minimum size and a version of variable population PSO to adequately explore the solution space in the future. Practical implications In the past decades, there has been an increase in consumer credit. Retail banking is a growing industry. Not only has there been a boom in credit card memberships, specially in emerging economies, but also an increase in small consumption credits. For example, it is very common in emerging economies that families buy home appliances on installments. In those countries, the association of a home appliance shop with a financial institution is usual, to provide customers with quick-decision credit line facilities. The existence of such a financial instrument aids to boost sales. This association generates conflict of interests. On one hand, the home appliance shop wants to sell products to all customers. Therefore, it is in its best interest to promote a generous credit policy. On the other hand, the financial institution wants to maximize the revenue from credits, leading to a strict surveillance of loan losses. Having a fair and transparent credit-granting policy favors a good business relationship between home appliances shops and financial institutions. One way of developing such a policy is to construct objective rules to decide to grant or deny a credit application. Social implications Better credit decision rules generate enhanced risk sharing. In addition, it improves transparency in credit acceptance decisions, giving less room to arbitrary decisions. Originality/value This study develops a new method that combines a competitive neural network and an optimization technique. It was applied to a real database of a financial institution in a developing country.
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Devanathan, Suhas, Darshana Tote, and Sandip Shinde. "Effectiveness of Modified Alvarado Scoring System for Diagnosis of Acute Appendicitis." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 37 (2021): 3252–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/660.
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BACKGROUND Acute appendicitis is very commonly diagnosed when a patient presents with acute abdomen. This is more commonly seen in the young and middle-aged individuals. The clinical signs and symptoms determine the diagnosis and management. Scoring systems are in plenty to diagnose acute appendicitis and mainly include the presenting signs and symptoms, but are not acceptable for all populations with different age groups. Modified Alvarado scoring system is a timed tested scoring system used in different populations and age groups with good efficacy and to provide a bedside clinical diagnosis of acute appendicitis. The purpose of this study was to assess effectiveness of modified Alvarado score in the early diagnosis of acute appendicitis. METHODS A prospective observational study was done which incorporated 50 patients presenting with the signs and symptoms pointing out to acute appendicitis, clinically. The patients were evaluated by Modified Alvarado score during admission and based on the treating surgeon’s decision, were operated. Finally, the score was compared with the diagnosis achieved with a histopathological examination of the operated specimen. RESULTS The sensitivity of raja isteri penigran anak saleha appendicitis (RIPASA) score was 70.58 %, specificity was 68.75 %, positive predictive value (PPV) was 82.75 %, negative predictive value (NPV) of RIPASA score was 52.38 % and the diagnostic accuracy of RIPASA score was 70 %. CONCLUSIONS Modified Alvarado scoring system is simple scoring system which can be used in a bedside manner but uses specific and limited features for the diagnosis of acute appendicitis which limits the effectiveness of this scoring system. KEY WORDS Acute Abdomen, Clinical Scoring System, Modified Alvarado Scoring System
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Filatov, Vladyslav, and Аndriy Kaminsky. "Application of the Scoring Approach to Monitoring Function of Central Bank Credit Registry." Scientific Papers NaUKMA. Economics 6, no. 1 (2021): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.18523/2519-4739.2021.6.1.73-83.
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The Central Bank Credit Registry was established in Ukraine in 2018. The two key functions which are fulfilled by Credit Register are monitoring and credit information sharing. This paper is devoted to applying a scoring approach for monitoring function realization in segments of individuals. The logic of using scoring tools to monitoring is based on an objective to create an effective form which reflects the dynamic of the above-mentioned segment. Data mining procedures for Credit Registry were realized and most significant characteristics were chosen. Correlation analysis for characteristics was applied. Different approaches to construct scoring for monitoring functions were analyzed. Namely, logistic regression, Machine Learning, method grounded on tree created by the XGBoost algorithm. Last method demonstrated the best efficiency for scoring construction and can be developed for implementation. The views expressed are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect those of the National Bank of Ukraine. JEL classіfіcatіon: G21
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Seyed H. Haeri (Hossein), Hassan Abolhassani, Vahed Qazvinian, and Babak Bagheri Hariri. "Coincidence-Based Scoring of Mappings in Ontology Alignment." Journal of Advanced Computational Intelligence and Intelligent Informatics 11, no. 7 (2007): 803–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jaciii.2007.p0803.
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Ontology Matching (OM) which targets finding a set of alignments across two ontologies, is a key enabler for the success of Semantic Web. In this paper, we introduce a new perspective on this problem. By interpreting ontologies as Typed Graphs embedded in a Metric Space,coincidenceof the structures of the two ontologies is formulated. Having such a formulation, we define a mechanism to score mappings. This scoring can then be used to extract a good alignment among a number of candidates. To do this, this paper introduces three approaches: The first one, straightforward and capable of finding the optimum alignment, investigates all possible alignments, but its runtime complexity limits its use to small ontologies only. To overcome this shortcoming, we introduce a second solution as well which employs a Genetic Algorithm (GA) and shows a good effectiveness for some certain test collections. Based on approximative approaches, a third solution is also provided which, for the same purpose, measures random walks in each ontology versus the other.
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Santoso, Sugeng. "Optimizing Access to Financial Capital of Creative Economy for Startups Towards Global Competitiveness." Business Economic, Communication, and Social Sciences (BECOSS) Journal 2, no. 2 (2020): 181–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/becossjournal.v2i2.6246.
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The lack of understanding of the financial capital of the creative economy regarding non-bank financial institutions limits the growth of Indonesia’s creative economy. Strategies through policies, capital owners, creative economy players and bring together capital owners with players. The capital of the creative economy is represented on the criteria: entrepreneurial characteristics, product/service characteristics, market characteristics, and financial characteristics. The method used is a qualitative analysis and quantitative analysis which starts from data collection, data analysis, participatory discussion, drawing conclusions, formulating policies and stakeholder synergy. The startup mentoring scoring instrument is a framework for investor’s decision making to invest in the startup. 3 scoring elements of mentoring startup scoring: Product & key person with a weight of 55%, Traction with a weight of 25%, and Investment with a weight of 20%. Primary data were obtained by participatory observation, field studies, and key informant interviews through startup mentoring programs, workshops, and startup competitions. Results: Among 20% of startups pitched in front of investors, there are 11% of startups that investors interested in and got funding from a consortium of Indonesian and foreign venture capital companies. Matchmaking activities increase added value, and the implemented policy also increases added value.
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Reilly, Brian, Tiffany N. Tanaka, Dinh Diep, et al. "DNA methylation identifies genetically and prognostically distinct subtypes of myelodysplastic syndromes." Blood Advances 3, no. 19 (2019): 2845–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/bloodadvances.2019000192.
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Key Points Targeted DNAm profiling of MDS patient bone marrow mononuclear cells identifies several distinct DNAm clusters. Clusters enrich for specific genetic lesions and show differences in survival independent of clinical prognostic scoring systems..
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Broring, N., J. W. Wilton, and P. E. Colucci. "Body condition score and its relationship to ultrasound backfat measurements in beef cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 83, no. 3 (2003): 593–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a01-002.
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Spring calving beef cows from two genotypes were used in two different trials to examine the effectiveness of visual scoring systems to predict body condition. In trial 1, data on body condition score and ultrasound backfat measurements were collected at three different stages of the production cycle: dry, nursing and weaning. Scoring was by three different assessors and ultrasonic measurements by one experienced technician. Visual scores were positively but inconsistently related to ultrasound measurements (R2 = 0.14, 0.27 and 0.41 for dry, nursing and weaning times, respectively). In the second trial, two different subjective scoring methods were studied, general condition score based on an overall visual assessment of condition with scores ranging from 1 to 5, increasing in half units, and a specific site score based on visual assessment of condition identified at six specific sites on the animal’s body, with scores ranging from 6 to 30. Differences in scores between levels of experience which were observed with the general method were removed with the specific site method. Precision of estimating ultrasound measurements (R2) was improved from 54% for the general to 64% for the specific site assessment when scoring was by experienced assessors. Visual assessment could be improved by more specific scoring, although for research purposes visual assessment would still be inadequate in measuring condition relative to ultrasonic measurements. Key words: Beef cows, ultrasound measurements, condition scoring
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Kim, Kristin M., Sandro Cinti, Steven Gay, Susan Goold, Andrew Barnosky, and Marie Lozon. "Triage of Mechanical Ventilation for Pediatric Patients During a Pandemic." Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 6, no. 2 (2012): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/dmp.2012.19.
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ABSTRACTObjective: The novel H1N1 influenza pandemic renewed the concern that during a severe pandemic illness, critical care and mechanical ventilation resources will be inadequate to meet the needs of patients. Several published protocols address the need to triage patients for access to ventilator resources. However, to our knowledge, none of these has addressed the pediatric populations.Methods: We used a systematic review of the pediatric critical care literature to evaluate pediatric critical care prognosis and multisystem organ failure scoring systems. We used multiple search engines, including MEDLINE and EMBASE, using a search for terms and key words including including multiple organ failure, multiple organ dysfunction, PELOD, PRISM III, pediatric risk of mortality score, pediatric logistic organ dysfunction, pediatric index of mortality pediatric multiple organ dysfunction score, “child+multiple organ failure + scoring system. ” Searches were conducted in the period January 2010-February 2010.Results: Of the 69 papers reviewed, 22 were used. Five independently derived scoring systems were evaluated for use in a respiratory pandemic ventilator triage protocol. The Pediatric Logistic Organ Dysfunction (PELOD) scoring system was the most appropriate for use in such a triage protocol.Conclusions: We present a pediatric-specific ventilator triage protocol using the PELOD scoring system to complement the NY State adult triage protocol. Further evaluation of pediatric scoring systems is imperative to ensure appropriate triage of pediatric patients.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2012;6:131–137)
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Weber, James. "Adapting Kohlberg to Enhance the Assessment of Managers’ Moral Reasoning." Business Ethics Quarterly 1, no. 3 (1991): 293–318. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3857615.
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This paper presents an adaptation of Lawrence Kohlberg's Moral Judgment Interview and Standard Issue Scoring method. The adaptation emphasizes four points: (1) a mixture of less familiar and more familiar moral dilemmas, (2) followup questions which probe managers’ moral reasoning by focusing upon key organizational values, (3) the flexibility of utilizing either an oral or written interview method, and (4) a simpler, yet reliable, system for scoring the managers’ responses and identifying their stage of moral reasoning. An empirical investigation found that each adaptation could enhance the assessment of managers’ moral reasoning.
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Ji, Shou Wen, and Ling Shan Zhao. "Key Factors Analysis of Port Logistics Development Based on Principal Component Analysis." Applied Mechanics and Materials 253-255 (December 2012): 1522–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.253-255.1522.
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The factors affecting the modern port logistics development have become more numerous and complex, which is hard to verify the key factors. Principal component analysis which is short for PCA is used to analyze these factors, aiming at finding out the key factors of them. Lianyungang Port was chosen for case study, and nine factors were selected to analyze. By applying PCA, combined with expert scoring and SPSS software, the cumulative contribution rate could be calculated and the principal component was determined. At last the infrastructure factor, collecting and distributing condition factor, information factor and policy factor are found out as key factors. It provides a basis for Lianyungang Port’s planning and policy-making.
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Malcom, Jacob W., Whitney M. Webber, and Ya-Wei Li. "A simple, sufficient, and consistent method to score the status of threats and demography of imperiled species." PeerJ 4 (July 14, 2016): e2230. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.2230.
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Managers of large, complex wildlife conservation programs need information on the conservation status of each of many species to help strategically allocate limited resources. Oversimplifying status data, however, runs the risk of missing information essential to strategic allocation. Conservation status consists of two components, the status of threats a species facesandthe species’ demographic status. Neither component alone is sufficient to characterize conservation status. Here we present a simple key for scoring threat and demographic changes for species using detailed information provided in free-form textual descriptions of conservation status. This key is easy to use (simple), captures the two components of conservation status without the cost of more detailed measures (sufficient), and can be applied by different personnel to any taxon (consistent). To evaluate the key’s utility, we performed two analyses. First, we scored the threat and demographic status of 37 species recently recommended for reclassification under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and 15 control species, then compared our scores to two metrics used for decision-making and reports to Congress. Second, we scored the threat and demographic status of all non-plant ESA-listed species from Florida (54 spp.), and evaluated scoring repeatability for a subset of those. While the metrics reported by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) are often consistent with our scores in the first analysis, the results highlight two problems with the oversimplified metrics. First, we show that both metrics can mask underlying demographic declines or threat increases; for example, ∼40% of species not recommended for reclassification had changes in threats or demography. Second, we show that neither metric is consistent with either threats or demography alone, but conflates the two. The second analysis illustrates how the scoring key can be applied to a substantial set of species to understand overall patterns of ESA implementation. The scoring repeatability analysis shows promise, but indicates thorough training will be needed to ensure consistency. We propose that large conservation programs adopt our simple scoring system for threats and demography. By doing so, program administrators will have better information to monitor program effectiveness and guide their decisions.
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El Refaie, Elisabeth. "Scoring a goal or an own-goal against disease?" Metaphor and the Social World 5, no. 1 (2015): 102–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/msw.5.1.06ref.
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Many contemporary public health campaigns use some form of metaphor. Studies into what makes this strategy effective typically focus on the ability of metaphors to attract attention and trigger conversations. Consequently, the question of how they might enhance or impede people’s understanding of the information conveyed is often overlooked. This article brings together key concepts in Conceptual Metaphor Theory with the latest findings in health communication to present a framework for describing metaphors in health promotion on the basis of their experiential, internal, external and narrative coherence. Using the comparative analysis of two children’s comics about tuberculosis as a small-scale case study, the paper argues that metaphor coherence is particularly important in health campaigns that aim to convey complex, new information. The paper ends with suggestions for validating the framework more broadly.
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Meyerholz, David K., and Amanda P. Beck. "Fundamental Concepts for Semiquantitative Tissue Scoring in Translational Research." ILAR Journal 59, no. 1 (2018): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ilar/ily025.
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Abstract Failure to reproduce results from some scientific studies has raised awareness of the critical need for reproducibility in translational studies. Macroscopic and microscopic examination is a common approach to determine changes in tissues, but text descriptions and visual images have limitations for group comparisons. Semiquantitative scoring is a way of transforming qualitative tissue data into numerical data that allow more robust group comparisons. Semiquantitative scoring has broad uses in preclinical and clinical studies for evaluation of tissue lesions. Reproducibility can be improved by constraining bias through appropriate experimental design, randomization of tissues, effective use of multidisciplinary collaborations, and valid masking procedures. Scoring can be applied to tissue lesions (eg, size, distribution, characteristics) and also to tissues through evaluation of staining distribution and intensity. Semiquantitative scores should be validated to demonstrate relevance to biological data and to demonstrate observer reproducibility. Statistical analysis should make use of appropriate tests to give robust confidence in the results and interpretations. Following key principles of semiquantitative scoring will not only enhance descriptive tissue evaluation but also improve quality, reproducibility, and rigor of tissue studies.
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Whalley, Ian. "GNMISS: A scoring system for Internet2 electroacoustic music." Organised Sound 19, no. 3 (2014): 244–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355771814000235.
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The ‘comprovisation’ (Dudas 2010) of electroacoustic music in an affective manner through Internet2, using a directed dramaturgy approach, poses unique scoring problems. Building on prior work (Whalley 2009, 2012c), GNMISS (Graphic Networked Music Interactive Scoring System) was developed to address this. The system has four visual layers that illustrate the structure of works, represented on a circle with parts for each player. One layer maps emotions to colours based on associated words as a primary basis for gesture and timbre representation. A second layer gives musical motives and frequency information for participants to follow. A third allows for more detailed indications of gesture and sound archetypes through representative symbols. Finally, an inside layer represents macro key centres. For timing, the circle score turns in clock time with the current playing position always at noon, and a central metronome shows speed independent of clock time. Technically, client programs sit on distributed machines across the Internet, with data being coordinated by an OSC Server. Distributed scores can be built by a composer or by a team, and all content can be altered simultaneously across client machines. Two works are discussed as initial examples of its implementation: Sensai na Chikai and SymbolAct.
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Clark, Jeffrey, and Fawzy Soliman. "Application of a scoring method for measuring the value of knowledge‐based systems to key employees." Journal of Systems and Information Technology 1, no. 2 (1997): 22–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13287269780000736.
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den Braber, Anouk, Dennis van ‘t Ent, Danielle C. Cath, Dick J. Veltman, Dorret I. Boomsma, and Eco J. C. de Geus. "Brain Activation During Response Interference in Twins Discordant or Concordant for Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms." Twin Research and Human Genetics 15, no. 3 (2012): 372–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/thg.2012.2.
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One of the core behavioral features associated with obsessive compulsive symptomatology is the inability to inhibit thoughts and/or behaviors. Neuroimaging studies have indicated abnormalities in frontostriatal and dorsolateral prefrontal – anterior cingulate circuits during inhibitory control in patients with obsessive compulsive disorder compared with controls. In the present study, task performance and brain activation during Stroop color-word and Flanker interference were compared within monozygotic twin pairs discordant for obsessive compulsive symptoms and between groups of pairs scoring very low or very high on obsessive compulsive symptoms, in order to examine the differential impact of non-shared environmental versus genetic risk factors for obsessive compulsive symptomatology on inhibitory control related functional brain activation. Although performance was intact, brain activation during inhibition of distracting information differed between obsessive compulsive symptom high-scoring compared to low-scoring subjects. Regions affected in the discordant group (e.g., temporal and anterior cingulate gyrus) were partly different from those observed to be affected in the concordant groups (e.g., parietal gyrus and thalamus). A robust increase in dorsolateral prefrontal activity during response interference was observed in both the high-scoring twins of the discordant sample and the high-scoring twins of the concordant sample, marking this structure as a possible key region for disturbances in inhibitory control in obsessive compulsive disorder.
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Hibberd, Catherine S., and Gerald M. Y. Quan. "Accuracy of Preoperative Scoring Systems for the Prognostication and Treatment of Patients with Spinal Metastases." International Scholarly Research Notices 2017 (August 15, 2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1320684.
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Background. In patients with spinal metastatic disease, survival prognosis is a key consideration in selection for surgery and determining the extent of treatment. Individual survival prediction however remains difficult. We sought to validate the prognostic accuracy of seven preoperative scoring systems. Methods. 61 patients surgically treated for spinal metastases were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative scores were calculated for Tokuhashi, Revised Tokuhashi, Bauer, Modified Bauer, Sioutos, Tomita, and van der Linden scoring systems. Prognostic value was determined by comparison of predicted and actual survival. Results. The Revised Tokuhashi and Modified Bauer scoring systems had the best survival predictive accuracy. Rate of agreement for survival prognosis was the greatest for the Modified Bauer score. There was a significant difference in survival of the prognostic groups for all but the van der Linden score, being most significant for the Revised Tokuhashi, Bauer, Modified Bauer, and Tomita scoring systems (p≤0.001). Conclusion. Overall, the scoring systems are accurate at differentiating patients into short-, intermediate-, and long-term survivors. More precise prediction of actual survival is limited and the decision for or against surgery should never be based on survival prognostication alone but should take into account symptoms such as neurological deficit or pain from pathological fracture and instability.
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Lubin, Bernard, Rodney Van Whitlock, and Melinda R. Rea. "A Grade-Six Reading Level Key for the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3 (1995): 883–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3.883.
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A scoring key containing adjectives from the Multiple Affect Adjective Check List-Revised (MAACL-R) at or below the Grade 6 reading level (MAACL–R6) was used to rescore data from two nonreferred samples (college students, ns = 52 and 78) and one referred sample of 202 from a community mental health center outpatient clinic. Reliability (measures of internal consistency and test-retest) and validity (correlations with five 5–point self-rating mood scales) were almost as high as those for the MAACL–R, and convergence among the MAACL–R6 scales was not increased. Means for the referred group were significantly higher.
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Feldhaus, Isabelle, Melissa Carvalho, Ghazel Waiz, et al. "Thefeasibility, appropriateness, and applicability of trauma scoring systems in low and middle-income countries: a systematic review." Trauma Surgery & Acute Care Open 5, no. 1 (2020): e000424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/tsaco-2019-000424.
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BackgroundAbout 5.8 million people die each year as a result of injuries, and nearly 90% of these deaths occur in low and middle-income countries (LMIC). Trauma scoring is a cornerstone of trauma quality improvement (QI) efforts, and is key to organizing and evaluating trauma services. The objective of this review was to assess the appropriateness, feasibility, and QI applicability of traditional trauma scoring systems in LMIC settings.Materials and methodsThis systematic review searched PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, and trauma-focused journals for articles describing the use of a standardized trauma scoring system to characterize holistic health status. Studies conducted in high-income countries (HIC) or describing scores for isolated anatomic locations were excluded. Data reporting a score’s capacity to discriminate mortality, feasibility of implementation, or use for QI were extracted and synthesized.ResultsOf the 896 articles screened, 336 were included. Over half of studies (56%) reported Glasgow Coma Scale, followed by Injury Severity Score (ISS; 51%), Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS; 24%), Revised Trauma Score (RTS; 19%), Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS; 14%), and Kampala Trauma Score (7%). While ISS was overwhelmingly predictive of mortality, 12 articles reported limited feasibility of ISS and/or AIS. RTS consistently underestimated injury severity. Over a third of articles (37%) reporting TRISS assessmentsobserved mortality that was greater than that predicted by TRISS. Several articles cited limited human resources as the key challenge to feasibility.ConclusionsThe findings of this review reveal that implementing systems designed for HICs may not be relevant to the burden and resources available in LMICs. Adaptations or alternative scoring systems may be more effective.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017064600.
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Li, Zhu, Jun Li, Ke Wu Pi, Hui Chen, and Duan Ji Wan. "AHP-FUZZY Applied Research in Determination Cleaner Production Audit Focus." Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (August 2013): 3176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3176.
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The Cleaner Production Audit was introduced into China along with the concept of Cleaner Production, The review the production process of the sewage Cleaner Production audit is the enterprise-level operating specific procedures, and the first step of the cleaner production audit is verification audit key. The present stage determination verification key main utilization weight sum total scoring rank order method, this method the verification subjective influence, the audit quality is not been easily easy to control. The AHP-Fuzzy as one of system analysis methods is very good at deal with the insufficiencies atonement weight sum total scoring rank order method, had been used widely in many domains of systems engineering. This topic by determination cleaner production audit key of Wuhan Intepower CO., LTD, establishes seven construction section level models. The basic analysis steps are targeting, identifying problems, to establish the hierarchy of the system, structure comparison matrix, for single-level sorting and consistency check, for hierarchy of the consistency test. It makes policy recommendations according to sequencing results.
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Tao, Chongben, Yufeng Jin, Feng Cao, Zufeng Zhang, Chunguang Li, and Hanwen Gao. "3D Semantic VSLAM of Indoor Environment Based on Mask Scoring RCNN." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2020 (October 20, 2020): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/5916205.
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In view of existing Visual SLAM (VSLAM) algorithms when constructing semantic map of indoor environment, there are problems with low accuracy and low label classification accuracy when feature points are sparse. This paper proposed a 3D semantic VSLAM algorithm called BMASK-RCNN based on Mask Scoring RCNN. Firstly, feature points of images are extracted by Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK) algorithm. Secondly, map points of reference key frame are projected to current frame for feature matching and pose estimation, and an inverse depth filter is used to estimate scene depth of created key frame to obtain camera pose changes. In order to achieve object detection and semantic segmentation for both static objects and dynamic objects in indoor environments and then construct dense 3D semantic map with VSLAM algorithm, a Mask Scoring RCNN is used to adjust its structure partially, where a TUM RGB-D SLAM dataset for transfer learning is employed. Semantic information of independent targets in scenes provides semantic information including categories, which not only provides high accuracy of localization but also realizes the probability update of semantic estimation by marking movable objects, thereby reducing the impact of moving objects on real-time mapping. Through simulation and actual experimental comparison with other three algorithms, results show the proposed algorithm has better robustness, and semantic information used in 3D semantic mapping can be accurately obtained.