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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Scour countermeasure

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Academic literature on the topic 'Scour countermeasure'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Scour countermeasure"

1

Craswell, Tom, and Shatirah Akib. "Reducing Bridge Pier Scour Using Gabion Mattresses Filled with Recycled and Alternative Materials." Eng 1, no. 2 (October 31, 2020): 188–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/eng1020013.

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Scour is caused by the erosive action of flowing water, which causes materials from the bed and the banks of a river to be moved or unsettled. Hydraulic structures can be drastically impacted as a result of scour, which is why it is one of the most common causes of bridge failure around the world. With a predicted increase in climate conditions, the subsequent failure of hydraulic structures due to scour is likely to proliferate as the flooding of waterways is projected to rise. This study aims to determine the viability of introducing alternative materials to a scour countermeasure used in construction—gabion models—in a bid to improve the sustainability of a project whilst providing suitable scour mitigation measures. Existing literature was examined to comprehend the different scour countermeasures used, as well as the use of alternative materials that can be used as a scour countermeasure. A laboratory experiment was then carried out using a bridge pier embedded in a flume channel protected by gabion mattresses filled with alternative materials—stone, clothing and plastic—to analyse their effectiveness. The results demonstrate that stone filled gabions are most effective at reducing bridge pier scour. However, recycled clothing as a gabion fill could prove to be a viable alternative in construction projects, potentially leading to reduced construction costs and greater sustainability. However, more research on a greater scale is required to test this thesis.

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Wang, Shunyi, Kai Wei, Zhonghui Shen, and Qiqi Xiang. "Experimental Investigation of Local Scour Protection for Cylindrical Bridge Piers Using Anti-Scour Collars." Water 11, no. 7 (July 21, 2019): 1515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11071515.

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Local scour of bridge piers is one of the main threats responsible for bridge damage. Adopting scour countermeasures to protect bridge foundations from scour has become an important issue for the design and maintenance of bridges located in erodible sediment beds. This paper focuses on the protective effect of one active countermeasure named an “anti-scour collar” on local scour around the commonly used cylindrical bridge pier. A cylindrical pier model was set up in a current flume. River sand with a median particle size of 0.324 mm was selected and used as the sediment in the basin. A live-bed scour experimental program was carried out to study the protective effect of an anti-scour collar by comparing the local scour at a cylindrical bridge pier model with and without collar. The effects of three design parameters including collar installation height, collar external diameter and collar protection range, on the scour depth and scour development were investigated parametrically. According to the experimental results, it can be concluded that: the application of an anti-scour collar alleviates the local scour at the pier effectively; and the protection effect decreases with an increase in the collar installation height, but increases with an increase in the collar external diameter and the protection range. Design suggestions for improving the scour protective effect of the anti-scour collar are summarized and of great practical guiding significance to the development of anti-scour collars for bridge piers.

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Chen, Hsin Hung, Ray-Yeng Yang, Ping-Chiao Kuo, and Hwung-Hweng Hwung. "PHYSICAL MODELING STUDY ON SCOUR AND SCOUR COUNTERMEASURE FOR SEA-CROSSING BRIDGE PIERS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 25, 2012): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.sediment.83.

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There are significant engineering challenges in placing the sea-crossing bridge piers in more or les shallow coastal waters because, as well as having to withstand storm-force waves and tidal currents, the bridge piers have to remain stable on a sea bed that may be continuously changing. One of the major challenges faced by designers is how to predict, and prevent, scour of the seabed sediments around the sea-crossing bridge piers. This paper describes a physical model study on scour and scour countermeasure for sea-crossing bridge piers. A 1:49 scale movable bed model tests were carried out in the Near-shore Wave Basin (NSWB, 27m x 19m) at the Tainan Hydraulics Laboratory, National Chang Kung University (NCKU), Tainan, Taiwan, with the sea-crossing bridge piers in the test area. Three series of physical model tests were performed in this study. The aim of the first test series is to investigate the maximum scour depth for the initial construction of bridge piers with only one pier model. Then the second test series were conducted to investigate the greatest magnitude of local scour and potential scour area in the sand bed around the sea-crossing bridge group piers with no scour protection. Based on the analysis from the former NSWB experimental results, the suitable scour countermeasure for sea-crossing bridge piers would be proposed and validated its function of preventing scour in the third test series.

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Yanmaz, A. Melih, and Meric Apaydin. "Bridge Scour Risk Assessment and Countermeasure Design." Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 26, no. 4 (August 2012): 499–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)cf.1943-5509.0000254.

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Li, Hua, Brian D. Barkdoll, Roger Kuhnle, and Carlos Alonso. "Parallel Walls as an Abutment Scour Countermeasure." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 132, no. 5 (May 2006): 510–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2006)132:5(510).

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Eisenhauer, Norbert O., and Bernd Rossbach. "Testing the Effectiveness of Scour Countermeasures by Physical Modeling." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1696, no. 1 (January 2000): 251–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1696-71.

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The physical modeling of the scouring process at bridge piers is a proven method to obtain information about the size of the scour and the flow velocities that generate the scour. On the basis of this information, appropriate countermeasures can be designed. The advantage of the physical model is its application to all, even the most complex, pier geometries. Because approach flow is uniform in most cases, physical model tests can be carried out in a hydraulic flume, a method that gives fast and reliable results. The Federal Waterways and Engineering Institute (Bundesanstalt für Wasserbau) in Karlsruhe, Germany, conducted such model tests using piers of a new bridge over the Rhine River between the cities of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen. Shortly after sheet piles were driven into the riverbed as a formwork for the lower part of the pier, severe scouring of the riverbed occurred. Consequently, the stability of the sheet pile formwork was endangered. The ad hoc countermeasure of placing riprap into the scour did not stop local scouring. An additional cover layer of coarser stones was placed on top of the previous layer, stopping the erosion process at mean flow. Model tests were conducted to estimate the durability and stability of the ad hoc countermeasure for flood events. The tests proved that the riprap was stable, even at flood events, and that the scour had shifted away from the pier to the joint between the riprap and the original riverbed. A flood event with a peak of 3 days above the tested flood water level occurred in March 1999. No negative effects on the riprap have been observed until now.

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Korkut, Recep, Emilio J. Martinez, Reinaldo Morales, Robert Ettema, and Brian Barkdoll. "Geobag Performance as Scour Countermeasure for Bridge Abutments." Journal of Hydraulic Engineering 133, no. 4 (April 2007): 431–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)0733-9429(2007)133:4(431).

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Farooq, Rashid, and Abdul Razzaq Ghumman. "Impact Assessment of Pier Shape and Modifications on Scouring around Bridge Pier." Water 11, no. 9 (August 23, 2019): 1761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11091761.

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Previous experimental research on utilizing pier modifications as countermeasures against local scour has focused primarily on circular pier. It is of utmost importance to further investigate the most suitable pier shape for pier modification countermeasure separately and in combination. This experimental study aims to reduce the stagnation of the flow and vortex formation in front of the bridge pier by providing a collar, a hooked collar, a cable, and openings separately and in combination around a suitable pier shape. Therefore, six different pier shapes were utilized to find out the influence of pier shape on local scouring for a length–width ratio smaller than or equal to 3. A plain octagonal shape was shown as having more satisfactory results in reducing scour compared to other pier shapes. Furthermore, the efficiency of pier modification was then evaluated by testing different combinations of collar, hooked collar, cable, and openings within the octagonal bridge pier, which was compared to an unprotected octagonal pier without any modification. The results show that by applying such modifications, the scour depth reduced significantly. The best combination was found to be a hooked collar with cable and openings around an octagonal pier. It was revealed that the best combination reduced almost 53% of scour depth, as compared to an unprotected octagonal pier.

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Ferraro, Domenico, Andrea Fenocchi, and Roberto Gaudio. "Hydrodynamics of a bordered collar as a countermeasure against pier scouring." Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 476, no. 2242 (October 2020): 20200393. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspa.2020.0393.

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An experimental campaign on long-term clear-water scour at bridge piers with different configurations was performed in a laboratory to investigate the effects of different countermeasures. Tests were performed in a flume with a movable sediment bed for an unprotected cylindrical pier, a cylindrical pier with a standard collar and a cylindrical pier with a bordered collar. The scoured beds at the equilibrium stage were acquired through the photogrammetry technique and the efficiencies of the tested countermeasures were measured. Results showed a reduction in the maximum scour depth as well as in the scour hole volume with respect to the unprotected pier. The maximum scour depth was reduced by 59.63% with the standard collar and by 63.51% with the bordered collar. The scoured volume was reduced by 43.80% with the standard collar and by 60.00% with the bordered collar. The three-dimensional Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations were solved numerically to reproduce the hydrodynamics of the experiments. The volume of fluid technique was used to reproduce the free surface. For each test, the results of the simulations were analysed to investigate the flow field around the pier both at the initial (flat-bed) and at the equilibrium stages, highlighting the changes in the velocity field owing to the presence of the standard collar and of the bordered collar.

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Khaple, Shivakumar, Prashanth Reddy Hanmaiahgari, Roberto Gaudio, and Subhasish Dey. "Splitter plate as a flow-altering pier scour countermeasure." Acta Geophysica 65, no. 5 (September 18, 2017): 957–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11600-017-0084-z.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scour countermeasure"

1

Li, Junhong Li. "Pier Streamlining as a Bridge Local Scour Countermeasure and the Underlying Scour Mechanism." University of Akron / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=akron1518565785864439.

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Valela, Christopher. "Reduction of Bridge Pier Scour Through the Use of a Novel Collar Design." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/42249.

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Bridge piers within moving water are exposed to an additional failure mechanism known as scour. Upon the scour depth reaching the foundation of the pier, the structural integrity of the pier, and consequently the bridge, can be jeopardized. Bridge pier scour is the result of a three-dimensional flow separation consisting primarily of the horseshoe vortex, flow acceleration along the sides of the pier, and wake vortices. There are numerous factors that can affect bridge pier scour, of which many of them have been studied extensively. However, there are still some factors where the knowledge base is limited: one example is the presence of an ice cover around bridge piers. In order to reduce the risk of failure induced by scour, regardless of the cause, a preferred option is to use scour countermeasures. However, an ideal countermeasure does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to design and test an improved bridge pier scour countermeasure, while also better understanding the effects an ice cover has on scour. Achieving a new countermeasure design consisted of a hybrid approach that combined both numerical and experimental modelling. The numerical model was used in an iterative manner to expedite the design process, as well as to reduce experimental costs. Upon testing and improving the initial collar design numerically, physical models were constructed for the purpose of testing experimentally. Experimental tests were performed at a 1:30 scale in the presence of a sand bed. The same experimental setup was used to investigate bridge pier scour under an ice cover, except a rigid structure was constructed to replicate an ice cover. The artificial ice cover possessed either a smooth or a rough underside and was installed in such a way to replicate a floating or fixed (pressurized) ice cover. The purpose of the new countermeasure design was to improve on the flat plate collar by guiding the horseshoe vortex in a novel manner. By doing so, the quantity of erosive forces contacting the bed was greatly reduced. In order to reach a final design, a series of prototype designs were tested, and are outlined in this thesis, as they provide valuable insight into the scour problem. The final countermeasure design resembles a contoured collar but is made of riprap, where it was found to reduce the scour depth and volume by 81.0% and 92.3%, respectively, while using 18% less riprap than the conventional flat riprap countermeasure. Upon investigating scour in the presence of an ice cover, it was found that the quantity of scour increases as the ice cover becomes rougher and as the flow becomes more pressurized beneath. Specifically, the scour depth under the rough ice cover and the most pressurized condition increased by 412%. It was demonstrated that implementing any device which increases the width of the pier has inherent limitations for reducing scour. Instead, having a depression around the pier, especially made of riprap, such that it is flush with the bed and can help guide the horseshoe vortex, was found to greatly reduce scouring. Furthermore, it was observed that the presence of any ice cover on the surface of the water generates greater pier scour, therefore necessitating that ice cover always be taken into consideration when designing bridges in cold climates.

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Cam, Umut Egemen. "Scour Countermeasure Design For Sequential Viaducts On Ankara - Pozanti Highway." Master's thesis, METU, 2012. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12614171/index.pdf.

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Foundations of river bridges need to be protected with respect to excessive scouring. Degree of protection depends on the severity of scouring action around bridge piers and abutments. A case study is carried out to design appropriate protective measures for sequential viaducts located on Ankara-Pozant highway in Turkey. A number of analyses are conducted to obtain water surface profiles throughout the study reach. Local scour depths at piers and abutments of the viaducts are then obtained. The design process for countermeasures is performed concerning hydraulic, hydrologic, constructional, and economical requirements. To this end, riprap, partially grouted riprap, and articulated concrete blocks are studied in these view points. A criterion based on a selection index, which is defined by the National Cooperative Highway Research Program in the USA, is applied in this study. Implementation of partially grouted ripraps at infrastructural elements is found to be an appropriate solution.

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Yildirim, Mehmet Sinan. "Computer-assisted Design Methodology For Armoring Type Bridge Scour Countermeasures." Master's thesis, METU, 2013. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12615331/index.pdf.

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Scour at bridge piers is considered as a significant safety hazard. Hence, scour countermeasure design plays a critical role to hinder the scour potential at bridges. The selection methodology for a scour countermeasure varies with respect to site conditions, economy, availability of material and river characteristics. The aim of this study is to review the literature on this topic to gather universally accepted design guidelines. A user-friendly computer program is developed for decision-making in various sequential steps of countermeasure design against scouring of bridge piers. Therefore, the program is eventually intended to select the feasible solution based on a grading system which deals with comparative evaluation of soil, hydraulic, construction and application aspects. The program enables an engineer to carry out a rapid countermeasure design through consideration of successive alternatives. A case study is performed to illustrate the use of this program.

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Lauchlan, Christine Sandra. "Pier scour countermeasures." Thesis, University of Auckland, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/dissertations/fullcit/9918629.

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Riprap is the most commonly employed countermeasure where bridge piers need to be protected against possible undermining by scour. An extensive review of available design techniques revealed a wide range of equations and proposed design procedures but no generally accepted method for riprap sizing and implementation. The aim of this study was to develop a design procedure for riprap protection at piers which can be used in most river environments. The failure mechanisms and stability of riprap layers around cylindrical and rectangular shaped piers were examined in a comprehensive experimental study. The study assessed the importance of various riprap, flow, sediment, and pier parameters. Parameters for investigation were determined by dimensional analysis and included riprap placement and arrangement. A riprap size prediction formula was developed based on an allowable maximum local scour depth of up to 20%. This equation has been incorporated in a design approach which was tested through a model study of the Hutt Estuary Bridge. The influence of various parameters on riprap stability are incorporated in the equation by way of adjustment factors. The adjustment factors, KY and KD, represent the effects of riprap placement and pier/sediment size ratio effects respectively. They were deemed the most important parameters in riprap layer performance and are therefore included in the riprap size prediction formula. Additional experiments using synthetic filters have shown their ability to eliminate local scour, however they are susceptible to failure under degrading bed conditions. Degrading bed conditions cause the riprap to subside as a layer with the downward movement of the surrounding bed. Subsidence allows the layer to withstand rapid short term degradation. However long term degradation will ultimately result in failure of the stone protection. A preliminary experimental study of the use of submerged vanes as a scour countermeasure was performed. Submerged vanes have been used previously in channel protection with much success. Results indicate that vanes with a length to height ratio greater than one can reduce the maximum local scour depth in live bed conditions by as much as 34%. Further testing is required to develop a complete design procedure.

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Ozdemir, Emre Celalettin. "A Feasibility Study On Bridge Scour Countermeasures." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/4/1089036/index.pdf.

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Many bridges are destroyed or completely failed during floods due to excessive scouring around bridge piers and abutments. Safe bridge design is based on joint consideration of structural, hydraulic, and geotechnical aspects. This study is concerned with the investigation of various types of countermeasures against scouring at bridge sites. The design criteria for various countermeasures are reviewed in terms of hydraulic, hydrologic, constructional, and economical requirements. (Conditions of applicability of these countermeasures are evaluated and designed for different return periods of flow, and hydroeconomic analyses are performed for Esenbosa Bridge). Based on the evaluation of the results of hydroeconomic analyses, combinations of rock riprap and grout filled bags are found to be appropriate measures for piers and abutments against scouring whereas vegetation is observed to be applicable for bank protection.

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Dahle, Benjamin P. "Evaluating Shallow-Flow Rock Structures as Scour Countermeasures at Bridges." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2544.pdf.

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Dogan, Abdullah Ercument. "Effects Of Collars On Scour Reduction At Bridge Abutments." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/3/12610203/index.pdf.

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Bridge failures are generally resulted from scour of the bed material around bridge piers and abutments during severe floods. In this study, scour phenomenon around bridge abutments and collars, located at abutments as scour countermeasures, were experimentally studied. The experimental study was carried out under clear-water scour conditions with uniform non-cohesive sediment (having a grain size diameter of d50=0.90 mm). The experimental flume is a rectangular channel of 30 m long and 1.5 m wide filled with this erodible bed material. Based on the results of 97 experiments conducted during the study, the efficiency of various sizes of collars, which were used to reduce the local scour depth, located at different elevations around the abutments was determined. The results obtained were compared with previous studies, and the effect of the sediment grain size on the performance of abutment collars was emphasized. It was noticed that when the collar width was increased and placed at or below the bed level, the reduction in scour depth increases considerably. It was also found out that the change of the sediment size did not affect the optimum location of the collar at the abutment, which yields the maximum scour reduction around the abutment.

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Daskin, Sueyla. "Effects Of Collars On Local Scour Around Semi-circularend Bridge Abutments." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613310/index.pdf.

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During severe floods, bed material around bridge piers and abutments are scoured by the flow and as a result, bridges are subject to damages. These damages are mostly unrepairable and can result in loss of lives and property. In this thesis study, abutment scour under clear-water condition was investigated and collars were tested as scour countermeasures around the abutments. The experimental study was carried out in a rectangular channel with an almost uniform cohesionless bed material of d50=1.50 mm for a test period of 3-hours. The channel was 28.5 m long and 1.5 m wide. The erodible bed material was placed into the test section that was 5.8 m long and 0.48 m deep. For this thesis study, 60 experiments were carried out with and without various collars placed at different elevations around the abutments. The scour formation around the abutments with collars was observed and scour reduction efficiencies of the collars were studied. Experiment results were compared with the previous studies of Dogan (2008) and Kayatü
rk (2005) in terms of sediment size, abutment shape and flow depth, and the effects of these factors on collar'
s scour reduction efficiency were studied. Based on the results of the experimental studies, it was observed that scour depths decreased as the collar width increased and the collar placed deeper into the sediment bed for a given abutment length. When the present study and the previous studies were compared, it was observed that sediment size and flow depth had no significant effect on the scour reduction performances of the collars.

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Apaydin, Meric. "A Study On Risk Assessment Of Scour Vulnerable Bridges." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612427/index.pdf.

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Many river bridges fail or are seriously damaged due to excessive local scouring around piers and abutments. To protect a bridge from scour-induced failure, it should be designed properly against excessive scouring and its scour criticality should be checked regularly throughout the service life to take prompt action. The Federal Highway Administration of United States (FHWA) developed a program, HYRISK, as a basis for evaluation of existing scour failure risk of a bridge. It provides implementation of a risk-based model, which is used to calculate the annual risk of scour failure of a bridge or series of bridges in monetary values. A case study is carried out for a bridge crossing Fol Creek in Black Sea Region (close to Vakfikebir), for the illustration of this software. Besides, hydraulic analysis and scour depth computations of the bridge are carried out via HEC-RAS program. Also, a study is carried out to recommend scour countermeasures that can be applied to the aforementioned bridge.

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Books on the topic "Scour countermeasure"

1

Hadfield, Anna C. Sacrificial piles as a bridge pier scour countermeasure. Auckland, N.Z: Dept. of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Auckland, 1999.

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Lauchlan, Christine S. Pier scour countermeasures. Auckland, N.Z: Dept. of Civil and Resource Engineering, University of Auckland, 1999.

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3

R, Ettema, Melville Bruce W, National Cooperative Highway Research Program., National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials., and United States. Federal Highway Administration., eds. Countermeasures to protect bridge abutments from scour. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2007.

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Lagasse, P. E. Clopper and P. F. Underwater Installation of Filter Systems for Scour and Erosion Countermeasures, Volume 2: Training Manual. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25300.

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Lagasse, P. E. Clopper and P. F. Underwater Installation of Filter Systems for Scour and Erosion Countermeasures, Volume 1: Research Report. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/25302.

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1937-, Lagasse Peter F., National Cooperative Highway Research Program., National Research Council (U.S.). Transportation Research Board., American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials., and United States. Federal Highway Administration., eds. Countermeasures to protect bridge piers from scour. Washington, D.C: Transportation Research Board, 2007.

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Countermeasures to Protect Bridge Piers from Scour. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/17612.

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Countermeasures to Protect Bridge Abutments from Scour. Washington, D.C.: Transportation Research Board, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17226/17620.

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1937-, Lagasse Peter F., United States. Federal Highway Administration., and National Highway Institute (U.S.), eds. Bridge scour and stream instability countermeasures: Experience, selection, and design guidance. Arlington, Va. (901 North Stuart Street, Suite 300): Federal Highway Administration, National Highway Institute, 1997.

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Book chapters on the topic "Scour countermeasure"

1

Melville, Bruce W., Arthur C. Parola, and Stephen E. Coleman. "Bridge-Scour Prevention and Countermeasures." In Sedimentation Engineering, 543–77. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784408148.ch11.

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Mai, Huy Quang, and Noi Thi Doan. "Assessment of Methods of Riprap Size Selections as Scour Countermeasures at Bridge Abutments and Approach Embankments." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 227–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0802-8_33.

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Liang, Fayun, Chen Wang, and Xiong Yu. "Numerical Study on the Performance of Bio-inspired Bridge Attachments as Local Scour Countermeasures with Attack Angles." In Proceedings of GeoShanghai 2018 International Conference: Advances in Soil Dynamics and Foundation Engineering, 729–39. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-0131-5_79.

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Avila, Catherine M. C. "Bridge scour countermeasure project in marin county—it’s got a little bit of everything." In Scour and Erosion IX, 393–96. Taylor & Francis, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429020940-56.

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Kadota, A., R. Aragão, K. Suzuki, and V. Srinivasan. "The use of riprap protection as a countermeasure against scour downstream of two compound piers." In Environmental Hydraulics and Sustainable Water Management, Two Volume Set, 1827–33. CRC Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b16814-299.

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Koken, M., M. Gogus, and K. Yilmaz. "Application of collars as scour countermeasure at various contraction ratios caused by two spill through abutments." In River Flow 2014, 2053–58. CRC Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b17133-274.

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"Survey Form for Scour Countermeasures." In Accelerated Bridge Construction, e37-e39. Elsevier, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-407224-4.15008-7.

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Oberhagemann, K. "The Brahmaputra—scour and erosion processes and countermeasures." In Scour and Erosion IX, 11–14. Taylor & Francis, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780429020940-4.

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Park, Jaehyun, Kiseok Kwak, Moonkyung Chung, and Juhyung Lee. "Bridge scour countermeasures to minimize bridge failures Chapter 28." In Bridge Maintenance, Safety Management, Health Monitoring and Informatics - IABMAS '08. Taylor & Francis, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781439828434.ch28.

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Conference papers on the topic "Scour countermeasure"

1

Li, Hua, Brian Barkdoll, and Roger Kuhnle. "Bridge Abutment Collar as a Scour Countermeasure." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)395.

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2

Li, Hua, Roger Kuhnle, and Brian D. Barkdoll. "Spur Dikes as an Abutment Scour Countermeasure." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2005. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40792(173)444.

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3

Lagasse, P. F., P. E. Clopper, and L. A. Arneson. "Partially Grouted Riprap as a Pier Scour Countermeasure." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2008. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40976(316)348.

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4

Li, Junhong, Junliang Tao, and Xiong (Bill) Yu. "Streamlining of Bridge Pier as a Scour Countermeasure: A Feasibility Study." In IFCEE 2015. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784479087.032.

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5

Shimizu, Takao, Masaaki Ikeno, Hisayoshi Ujiie, and Kazuaki Yamauchi. "Plane Design of "SPAC"; Countermeasure against Seabed Scour due to Submerged Discharge and Large Waves." In 24th International Conference on Coastal Engineering. New York, NY: American Society of Civil Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784400890.240.

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6

Clopper, P. E., P. F. Lagasse, and L. W. Zevenbergen. "Bridge Pier Scour Countermeasures." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)380.

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7

Heibaum, M. "Surface erosion countermeasures incorporating geotextiles." In The 8th International Conference on Scour and Erosion. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375045-77.

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8

Barkdoll, B. D., B. W. Melville, and R. Ettema. "A Review of Bridge Abutment Scour Countermeasures." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)173.

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9

Stein, Stuart M., David R. Pearson, and J. Sterling Jones. "Economic Considerations in Designing Bridge Scour Countermeasures." In Joint Conference on Water Resource Engineering and Water Resources Planning and Management 2000. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40517(2000)404.

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10

Yanmaz, A. Melih, and C. Emre Ozdemir. "A Feasibility Study on Bridge Scour Countermeasures." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2004. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40737(2004)385.

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Reports on the topic "Scour countermeasure"

1

Inman, Douglas L., and Scott A. Jenkins. Scour Mechanics of Aggregate Obstacle Fields With Application to Mine Countermeasures. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada630757.

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