Relevant bibliographies by topics / Scourge (Ship)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Scourge (Ship)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 15 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Scourge (Ship)"

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Cui, Yonggang, Wei Haur Lam, Tianming Zhang, Chong Sun, Desmond Robinson, and Gerard Hamill. "Temporal Model for Ship Twin-Propeller Jet Induced Sandbed Scour." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 7, no. 10 (September 27, 2019): 339. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse7100339.

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This research paper proposes the use of empirical equations to estimate the temporal maximum scour that is induced by twin-propeller ( ε t w i n = Ω t [ l n ( t ) ] Γ t ) when acting over non-cohesive bed materials. A purpose built experimental apparatus is used to obtain the measurement data required for the calculation of the empirical constants. The output from rigorous experimental investigations demonstrates that the maximum scour depth produced from the operation of twin-propeller ( ε t w i n ), within the confines of a harbour basin, varies as a logarithmic function of time. A dimensional analysis of the standard single propeller configuration is used as the foundation upon which the scour equation is postulated. This is extended to include the influence of the operating distance between the twin-propeller configurations for the first time. The division of scours by twin-propeller and single-propeller ( ε twin / ε m ) enables the establishment of mathematical relation to calculate C1, C2, A, and B. The constants are C 1 = 366.11, C 2 = 0.3376, A = 0.859, and B = 0.1571. The proposed scour equation is more reliable within the time zone up to two hours based on the experimental data.
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Tan, Remziye Ilayda, Yalçın Yuksel, and YeÅŸim Celikoglu. "PROPELLER JET FLOW, PILE SUPPORTED PIERS AND SEA BED INTERACTION." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 35 (June 23, 2017): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v35.structures.45.

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In maritime trade, from all over the world, transportation performed over the seas has been rapidly increasing due to high technological improvements leading the ships to have huge power and high speeds. The approach of even the big ships to the piers is now done by using the ship’s own engine power without the help of tugs because of the operation and economic reasons. However; this has been observed to cause local scour around the piers. Local scour commonly defined as the scour which is occurred in the immediate vicinity of the hydraulic structures due to the direct impact of the structure on the flow. It is very important to reduce local scour caused by ships propeller jets. A thorough understanding of the erosion of the bed due to local scour remains a challenge since it is associated with a highly turbulent flow field. The propeller jet has 3D flow area and high velocities. The erosion problem around the berthing structures due to propeller jet can occur in three ways. These are; a) On a slope, b) At the bottom of vertical wall, c) Around piles. In this study, propeller jet flow was considered to investigate scour formations around piles with non-cohesive sediment bed. The scour mechanism induced by propeller jet with and without pile conditions were investigated experimentally and their comparisons were made. Because there was not enough study for the scouring process for pile type berthing structures under propeller jet flow in the literature.
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Núñez-González, Francisco, Katinka Koll, and Detlef Spitzer. "Experimental study of the velocity field induced by a propeller jet in an inland-ship model and the related bed scour." E3S Web of Conferences 40 (2018): 03029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20184003029.

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The highly turbulent flow induced by ship propellers has a great potential to scour the alluvial bottom of navigational rivers and canals. Characterization of the complex flow field behind propellers is essential for forecasting the scouring action. In this study the velocity field and scour induced by two standard arrangements of propeller, nozzle and rudder from inland vessels are investigated experimentally with a ship model on a scale of 1:16. There are two objectives: first, to identify the influence of the ship stern on the flow field, and second, to assess induced scour depths in relation to maximum current velocities close to the bottom. It is found that the equilibrium scour depths for the two propeller arrangements are of the same order of magnitude, but that the time development of scour is different. The differences can be explained by the converging trend of the flow velocities at the bottom level for the two situations, when the vertical distance between the propeller and the bottom is high. It is also shown that existing relations for the velocity field require amendment when the propeller is ducted, and for adequately considering the effect of the ship stern and rudder type.
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Yuksel, Yalcin, Selahattin Kayhan, Yesim Celikoglu, and Kubilay Cihan. "OPEN TYPE QUAY STRUCTURES UNDER PROPELLER JETS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings 1, no. 33 (October 11, 2012): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v33.structures.19.

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In recent years, dramatically increases in ship dimensions and installed engine power, introduction of new type of special purpose ships and use of roll-on/roll-of, ferries, container ships can cause damage which in many cases threatens to undermine berth structures. Vessel jets of these types of ships can change flow area and cause erosion and scour around foundation of berth structures. Due to the damages in berth structures maintenance and repair cost may increase and also cause management losses. For this reason vessel jet induced the flow area around the berth structures during ships berthing and un-berthing operations are extremely important factor for the port structure design. This study is related with investigation of the flow characteristics at the sea bed around the pile, experimentally. Vessel jets were simulated both as circular wall jet and also propeller jet. The objective of this study is to determine the sea bed shear stress and velocity profiles along the jet axis for open type wharf structures (around a cylindrical piles and also on the slopes). Hot film anemometers were used to measure the magnitude of the bed shear stresses. The results from propeller jet experiments explained the erosion over the slopes. Bed shear and velocity profile measurements were carried out on the rigid bed conditions.
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Yew, Wan Tian, Wei Haur Lam, Cindy Soon, and Ruslan Aziz. "Seabed Condition from Single Beam Echo Sounder from Penang Port, Malaysia." Applied Mechanics and Materials 567 (June 2014): 301–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.567.301.

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Ship’s propeller wash induced scour is a well-known engineering problem for port structures along the shoreline. However, insufficient recorded data makes it difficult to justify that ship’s propeller wash induced scour is taking place in Malaysia’s major ports. This study reported the seabed condition of the two wharves in Penang Port using Single Beam Echo Sounder (SBES) data. The presence of seabed scour due to ship manoeuvring is investigated based on seabed data. The results showed that Penang Port is experiencing a severe siltation problem instead of ship’s propeller wash induced scour impacts.
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Cui, Yonggang, Wei Haur Lam, Tianming Zhang, Chong Sun, and Gerard Hamill. "Scour Induced by Single and Twin Propeller Jets." Water 11, no. 5 (May 25, 2019): 1097. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11051097.

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Single and twin ship propeller jets produce scour holes with deposition dune. The scour hole has a maximum depth at a particular length downstream within the propeller jet. Existing equations are available to predict maximum scour depth and the corresponding scour length downstream. Experiments conducted with various physical propeller models, rotational speeds, propeller-to-propeller distances and bed clearances are presented. The measurements allowed a better understanding of the mechanism of temporal scour and deposition formation for scour caused by single-propeller and twin-propeller. Results show that the propeller jet scour profiles can be divided into three zones, which are the small scour hole, primary scour hole and deposition dune. An empirical 2D scour model is proposed to predict the scour profile for both a single-propeller and twin-propeller using a Gaussian normal distribution.
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Llull, Toni, Anna Mujal-Colilles, Marcella Castells, and Xavier Gironella. "SHIP PROPELLER EFFECTS ON HARBOURS." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36v (December 28, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36v.waves.15.

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The increase in marine traffic during the last decades has led to important changes in ship designs. These changes have been directly affecting harbor structures designed to host smaller and less powerful ships. One of the most important consequences is the erosion of the seafloor close to the toes of the docking infrastructures which affects their stability. The World Association for Waterborne Transport Infrastructures published a guideline resuming the most used equations to solve the scouring problem (PIANC 2015). However most of the proposed formulas are empirical based using single propellers. Other common propulsion systems, such as the twin propeller, have been barely studied so far. Moreover, the propeller scouring action by a free developing jet has received much more attention in comparison with confined scour studies, i.e. nearby marine structures. Indeed, only one reference (Mujal-Colilles et al. 2018) with experiments on the effects of twin propeller in a confined scenario is found nowadays, although it is known that most of the ro-ro and ferry ships use this propulsion system when maneuvering near closed quays. This contribution aims to provide new insights about the effects that twin propeller propulsion system has over the seabed through a set of experiments with mobile sand bed. The effects of the propeller pitch ratio are also evaluated in an attempt to better reproduce the behaviour of ferry ships, since most of them use a Controllable Pitch Propeller (CPP) system.Recorded Presentation from the vICCE (YouTube Link): https://youtu.be/zx7-kKUZ7HU
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Cain, Emily. "Ghost Ships: Hamilton and Scourge, Historical Treasures from the War of 1812." IEEE Aerospace and Electronic Systems Magazine 2, no. 7 (July 1987): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/maes.1987.5005434.

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Ryan, Donal, and Gerard A. Hamill. "Estimating propeller scour at quays alongside a berthing ship." Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers - Maritime Engineering 164, no. 2 (June 2011): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/maen.2011.164.2.59.

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Cui, Yonggang, Wei Haur Lam, Zhi Chao Ong, Lloyd Ling, Chee Loon Siow, Desmond Robinson, and Gerard Hamill. "Experimental Scours by Impinging Twin-Propeller Jets at Quay Wall." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 8, no. 11 (November 2, 2020): 872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse8110872.

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Experiments were conducted to investigate the seabed scour holes due to the interaction between the twin-propeller jet and quay wall. Vertical quay wall was modelled by using a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic plate in a water tank. The relationship between the positions of the propeller and the vertical quay wall was designed according to the actual working conditions of a ship entering and leaving a port. Propeller-to-wall distance and rotational speed were changed to observe the various scour conditions. The scour depth was measured by using an Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV). Primary scour hole was found within the jet downstream and secondary scour hole occurred beneath of the propeller. Third scour hole was found close to the quay wall due to horseshoe vortices. The maximum scour position of this third scour hole was found at the jet centre near the quay wall. Temporal formation of scour holes can be divided into three stages: axial scour formation, obstructed scour expansion and equilibrium stages. The quantitative relationships for six characteristic parameters of the scour pit were established including the maximum scour depth (εmax,q), maximum scour depth position (Xm,q), maximum scour width (Wm,q), length of main scour pit (XS,q), maximum deposition height (ZD,q), and location of maximum deposition height (XD,q).
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Scourge (Ship)"

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Hamill, Gerard Alphonsus. "Characteristics of the screw wash of a manoeuvring ship and the resulting bed scour." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.292595.

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McGarvey, Joseph Anthony. "The influence of the rudder on the hydrodynamics, and the resulting bed scour, of a ship's screw wash." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286854.

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Evans, Gareth. "Seabed protection systems to prevent scour from high-speed ships." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4648.

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This document reviews the scour protection systems required around port structures where these are to be used for the berthing of vessels powered by water jet systems. The development of a scour protection system at Poole Harbour in Dorset has been documented and reviewed and a series of laboratory investigations were then undertaken. This has enabled a greater understanding of the scour mechanisms from the water jet propulsion systems of High Speed Ships. This work has shown that current design guidance on scour protection is not appropriate for use on berths used by High Speed Ships, that failure of these systems can occur rapidly and catastrophically, and secondary effects from water jets may promote the failure of quay walls. The scour protection system should comprise two individual elements, a filter layer and an armour layer. It has been found that systems involving individual isolated armour units are inappropriate and prone to failure and that shaped linked armour blocks need to be used. The loads on the armour layer were also found to be oscillatory and the materials used for both the armour and filter layers need to be designed for cyclic fatigue loading and fretting. Water jets are also capable of reducing the strength of permeable, seabed strata.
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Evans, G. "Seabed Protection Systems to prevent Scour from High-Speed Ships." Thesis, Department of Engineering Systems and Management, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/4648.

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This document reviews the scour protection systems required around port structures where these are to be used for the berthing of vessels powered by water jet systems. The development of a scour protection system at Poole Harbour in Dorset has been documented and reviewed and a series of laboratory investigations were then undertaken. This has enabled a greater understanding of the scour mechanisms from the water jet propulsion systems of High Speed Ships. This work has shown that current design guidance on scour protection is not appropriate for use on berths used by High Speed Ships, that failure of these systems can occur rapidly and catastrophically, and secondary effects from water jets may promote the failure of quay walls. The scour protection system should comprise two individual elements, a filter layer and an armour layer. It has been found that systems involving individual isolated armour units are inappropriate and prone to failure and that shaped linked armour blocks need to be used. The loads on the armour layer were also found to be oscillatory and the materials used for both the armour and filter layers need to be designed for cyclic fatigue loading and fretting. Water jets are also capable of reducing the strength of permeable, seabed strata.
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Shieh, Chih-Kai, and 謝智凱. "Experimental studies on the influence of the quay wall clearance on ship propeller-induced bed scour." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76394660442243247460.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
92
For this experiment study was to simulate when the container ship maneuvered near a dock’s quay wall, the container ship’s propeller induced efflux flow eroded the soil of foundation of quay wall. These experiment model was used a ratio of(1/30) of the container ship with six blades and it was focused on the different distances between quay wall and the container ship’s propeller. For investigating before the container ship moved and the propeller efflux induced the erosion of bed. These experiments comprised two factors；one was the propeller efflux velocity measured, and it measured for at different rotational speeds to discuss the relationship between the propeller efflux and the distances from the quay wall, and for comparing to the propeller efflux when at the free boundary. For the propeller efflux velocity measurement, it measured by a zone of flow establishment and a zone of established to profile the velocity distribution, to compare with the theoretical values, and to analyze a relation between the propeller efflux velocity and the distances of the quay wall. One was measured the scour depths of propeller efflux；for recording by foreign scientific literature , it had directly relationship between the bed scour and the distances from the propeller to the quay wall. Using the 2 times and 3 times propeller diameter distances from the container ship’s propeller to the quay wall , we measured the bed scour profile after driving the propeller to 10 min、20min、30min、60min and 120min for comprehending the different conditions about the bed scour. And it was conferred the relationship between the scour depth and distribution with the distances of the container ship’s propeller from the quay wall. Keyword：propeller, velocity, scour
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Chen, Min-Jie, and 陳民杰. "Studies on the Quay Wall Scour and near-by Flow Fields induced by the Container Ship Propeller." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72056546765742014750.

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碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
河海工程學系
95
Abstract This study consists of two tasks, one of which investigates in Port of Kaohsiung bed scour distributions at container ship berths. The other is aimed at experimentally measuring flow fields by stern propeller in the vicinity of a quay wall. Experiments were carried out in a water basin with utilization of a model 6-blade propeller of reduction ratio of 1/30 to a prototype container ship’s propeller. Analysis of hydrograph of 12 container ship berths has shown four types of scour pits based on the location of maximum scour depth. Scour pits of type 1 are mainly located in the vicinity of the toe of quay wall. Scour pits of type 2 are located within 20 m to the quay wall. Scour pits of type 3 are located in the middle of the berths. Scour pits of type 4 are located from 60 to 70 m normal to the quay wall. The scour pits are thought to be primarily due to flows induced by the stern propeller during berthing operations. Experimental tests being aimed at zones nearby the quay wall also consist of two tasks, that is, measurements of velocity fields over a rigid bed and scour development on a sandy bed due to propeller flows. Measurements of velocity fields consider three propeller rotation rate (120, 180 and 240 RPM) with three distances of 4Dp, 3Dp and 2Dp (Dp is the propeller’s diameter) between quay wall and central core of propeller. Meanwhile, the measurements of bed scour profiles consider only the quay wall distance of 2 Dp and rotation speeds of 180 and 240 RPM for intervals of 10、20、30、60 and 120 min, respectively. The results illustrate that diffused propeller-induced velocity components in axial and vertical directions Vx and Vz become larger with increases of quay wall distance and rotational speed. Thus, scour pits are gradually developed near the toe of a quay wall due to propeller flows. For longer actions, they will continue to grow larger in size and the maximum scour depth and the longer axis of the scour pits increase as well.
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Fong-TingLin and 林奉廷. "Dynamic Behavior of Bridge Foundation under Scour-A case study on Shin-Fa Bridge." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/q7j7fa.

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碩士
國立成功大學
土木工程學系碩博士班
101
Due to the special geologically conditions, rivers in Taiwan are relatively short and steep. Therefore the foundations of the cross-river bridge are common suffered from scouring; foundations would be exposed and lose their bearing capacity; even collapse. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent the erosion of the foundation of the river in advance. However, the erosion usually occurred during typhoon attacked, it is difficult to observe the erosion condition under the condition of rainstorm just by visual eyes. Therefore, it is necessary to develop the instrument to measure the scouring and erosion condition during under the condition of rainstorm. In this study, the instruments were installed at the Shin-Fa bridge that located in Kaohsiung Liou-geui Distinct. The instruments were proposed to be monitored the long term characteristics of vibration and to evaluate stability of the bridge. Before long term monitoring, the initial conditions of the structures of the bridge which including geometric conditions, characteristics of bridge vibration obtained from field test were collected. Then the bridge model was established by the software that formulated by finite element method. Simulation of soil-structure interaction system was conducted by bridge modal analysis. Then calibration of the modal shape of the bridge by measuring the field vibration test. Finally three failure modes of the bridge foundation which including overturning, sliding and bearing capacity were checked by using limit equilibrium method. For considering the stability of the moment-resisting of bridge foundation under different flow velocities, water levels and the depths of scouring, the pushover analysis by using numerical model was performed. Based on the results of those analyses, an early warning system can be established and provide the reference as a policy for bridge closing during rainstorm and typhoon season.
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Books on the topic "Scourge (Ship)"

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Gentile, Gary. Stolen heritage: The grand theft of the Hamilton and Scourge. Philadelphia, PA: Gary Gentile Productions, 2004.

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Hamill, Gerard Alphonsus. Characteristics of the screw wash of a manoeuvring ship and the resultant bed scour. 1987.

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Book chapters on the topic "Scourge (Ship)"

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"Ship-propeller scour." In Advanced Series on Ocean Engineering, 423–43. WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9789812777607_0009.

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Fagan, Brian. "Tourists Along the Nile." In From Stonehenge to Samarkand. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160918.003.0011.

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Until 1830, the traveler to India faced a long, and often stormy, passage around the Cape of Good Hope. The advent of the steamship changed everything. Now you could take a steamer from England or Marseilles to Alexandria, then spend a few days or weeks in Cairo waiting for news that the ship for India was approaching Suez. You then took a camel, horse, or wagon across the desert to meet the vessel at what was then a small village. Hotels opened in Suez and Cairo to accommodate transit passengers. The British Hotel in Cairo, soon to be renamed Shepheard’s Hotel after its manager, welcomed its first guests in 1841. This magnificent Victorian institution became world famous, especially after the opening of the Suez Canal in 1869, when it became the hotel of choice for the British Raj on its way to and from India. The hotel also catered to a new breed, the archaeological tourist. Bubonic plague epidemics periodically claimed thousands of lives in Egypt until 1844, when it suddenly and mysteriously disappeared. Cholera arrived from India to take its place, but despite this scourge, Egypt became a recommended destination for travelers wishing to escape damp European winters. By this time, a journey up the Nile to the First Cataract was routine, although one had to endure long quarantines on account of the plague. Nile travel became so popular that the London publisher John Murray commissioned the Egyptologist John Gardner Wilkinson to write a guide, one of a series aimed at a new audience of middle-class tourists.Wilkinson traveled in style, his baggage requiring a small army of porters. The contents of his baggage included an iron bedstead, a sword and other oddities, and “much more,” including a chicken coop, ample biscuits (cookies), and potted meats. He lamented the high cost of living in Egypt and the changes brought by a rising tide of visitors. “The travelers who go up the Nile will I fear soon be like Rhine tourists. & Cheapside will pour out its Legions upon Egypt.” His Handbook for Travellers in Egypt first appeared in 1847, went through multiple editions until 1873, and was still in common use half a century after its first appearance.
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Modise, Oitshepile MmaB, and Rebecca Nthogo Lekoko. "The Crossroads That Were Never Meant to Be." In Socio-Economic Development, 1009–21. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7311-1.ch053.

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Today's world faces challenges of increased number of orphans. In Botswana, HIV/AIDS scourge widens figures and poverty increases vulnerability. Beyond existing empowerment supporting schemes, and policies, orphans are responsible for complementing government's efforts. In this chapter, the orphan had hoped for economic empowerment through his old barber shop. His hope was drowned when he got a kiosk instead of barber equipment. The kiosk in his yard stands as a promise of government support, on the other hand, it is a symbol of no voice and choice over improvement of his future life. Challenges to improvement include government's prescriptive procedures and bureaucracy. These challenges have in turn created self-doubt, bitterness and a feeling of betrayal on his part. This chapter illustrates that for empowerment strategies to succeed, there should be synergy between beneficiaries' needs and government support. Monitoring too is an essential part of successful practices.
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Núñez-González, F., K. a. Koll, B. Söhngen, and D. Spitzer. "Scour geometry and flow velocities induced by an experimental ship propeller jet." In River Sedimentation, 1229–36. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315623207-219.

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Conference papers on the topic "Scourge (Ship)"

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Taylor, David, Kevin Hall, and Neil MacDonald. "Investigating Ship Induced Scour in a Confined Shipping Channel." In Sixth International Symposium on Coastal Engineering and Science of Coastal Sediment Process. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40926(239)174.

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Cain, E. "Ghost Ships: Hamilton and Scourge, Historical Treasures from the War of 1812 Era." In OCEANS '86. IEEE, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/oceans.1986.1160551.

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Dorst, K., D. Meys, M. Schroevers, and H. Verheij. "Prototype measuring of erosion and currents under the keel of a sailing ship in a canal." In The 8th International Conference on Scour and Erosion. Taylor & Francis Group, 6000 Broken Sound Parkway NW, Suite 300, Boca Raton, FL 33487-2742: CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315375045-92.

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Verheij, Henk, Marc Sas, Marcel Hermans, and Eckard Schmidt. "Guidance on the Design of Berthing Structures Related to the Flow Velocities in Ship Thrusters." In International Conference on Scour and Erosion (ICSE-5) 2010. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41147(392)91.

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Ulrich, Christian, and Thomas Rung. "SPH Simulations of Ship Propeller Induced Harbour Bed Erosion." In ASME 2012 31st International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2012-83365.

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The paper reports on the predictive prospects of Smoothed-Particle-Hydrodynamics (SPH) for simulations of ship propeller induced scours in harbours. Such erosions represent unpleasant phenomena, especially if they occur close to quay walls, and generate cost intensive counter measures. These measures are usually based on a rather weak background knowledge. SPH simulations can help to analyse the erosional processes and to understand the interaction between ship, water, soil and structure. In the present research, a body-force propulsor model based on the open water characteristics is used to represent the ship’s propeller. The evolution of the liquid and granular phase particles is obtained from an SPH-integration of the continuity and momentum equations. The fluid is considered to be Newtonian and the viscosity of the soil-phase is modelled in line with the Mohr-Coulomb yield stress criterion. Water and soil particles interacting in a suspension layer are assigned to a viscosity that is derived from a Chézy-relation between the shear stress and the local flow velocity. A variable particle resolution strategy is applied to handle large domains, in which the areas around the ship hull demand a fine resolution. A complex full-scale application example included refers to the starting sequence of a container ship propeller.
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Bailey, E., R. Taylor, and K. R. Croasdale. "Mechanics of Ice Rubble Over Multiple Scales." In ASME 2015 34th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2015-42004.

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The mechanics of ice rubble plays an important role in many different engineering applications, including ice-structure interactions with oil and gas infrastructure, river and lake engineering, and ship-ice interactions in northern shipping lanes. Of particular interest are the massive accumulations of rubble formed by shear or compression in the ice cover, which consolidate to form sea ice ridges that can be hazards to such structures. These are common ice features in Arctic and sub-Arctic environments and as a result often govern the design loads for ships, coastal and offshore structures operating in these environments. In addition, ridge keels can scour the seafloor in relatively shallow waters posing a threat to pipelines and other subsea facilities. It is not clear what load an ice rubble feature can exert on a given structure and how it will deform. It will depend on a number of parameters including the age of the feature, its composition and structure, and its strength and failure behaviour. This paper will examine the mechanical properties of ice rubble over multiple scales. The paper will begin at the one block level, describing how ice block properties vary over time, before advancing to look at the bonding/sintering processes that occur between two ice blocks and eventually the processes that take place between multiple ice blocks (i.e., ice rubble) and large scale sea ice ridges. Particular attention will be paid to the effects temperature and pressure have on ice rubble, as these parameters are believed to be important to our understanding of its behavior.
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Tavouktsoglou, Nicholas S., Aggelos Dimakopoulos, Jeremy Spearman, and Richard J. S. Whitehouse. "Application of Two Phase Eulerian CFD Model to Simulate High Velocity Jet Induced Scour." In ASME 2020 39th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2020-18285.

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Abstract Submerged water jet causing soil excavation is a typical water-soil interaction process that occurs widely in many engineering disciplines. In hydraulic engineering for instance, a typical example would be scour downstream of headcuts, culverts, or dam spillways. In port and waterway engineering, erosion of the channel bed or quay wall by the propellers of passing ships are also typical water jet/soil interaction problems. In ocean engineering, trenching by impinging high-velocity water jets has been used as an efficient method for cable and pipeline burial. At present, physical modelling and simple prediction equations have been the main practical engineering tool for evaluating scour in these situations. However, with the increasing computational power of modern computers and the development of new Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) solvers, scour prediction in such engineering problems has become possible. In the present work three-dimensional (3D) numerical modelling has been applied to reproduce the capability of a pair of water jets to backfill an excavated trench. The simulations are carried out using a state-of-the-art three-dimensional Eulerian two-phase scour model based on the open source CFD software OpenFOAM. The fluid phase is resolved by solving modified Navier-Stokes equations, which take into consideration the influence of the solid phase, i.e., the soil particles. This paper first presents a validation of the numerical model against vertical jet erosion tests from the literature and conducted at HR Wallingford. The results of the model show good agreement with the experimental tests, with the numerical model predicting the scour hole depth and extent with good accuracy. The paper then presents a validation of the model’s ability to reproduce deposition which is evaluated through a comparison with settling velocity data and empirical formulations found in literature, again with the model showing good agreement. Finally, the model is applied to a prototype cable burial problem using a commercially available controlled flow jet excavator. The study found that the use of water jets can be effective (subject to confirmation of the time-scale required for real operations) for performing backfill operations but that the effectiveness is closely related to the type of sediment and selection of an appropriate jet discharge. As a result, in order for the water jet method to be effective for backfill, there is a requirement for a good description of the variation in sediment type along the trench and a requirement for the jet discharge to be varied as different sediment types are encountered.
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Jones, V., R. Halliday, M. King, and Shafiqul Islam. "The realisation of the 6.2km long Padma Multipurpose Road and Rail Bridge in Bangladesh." In IABSE Conference, Kuala Lumpur 2018: Engineering the Developing World. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/kualalumpur.2018.0652.

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<p>The Padma is one of the world’s mightiest rivers, being a distributary of the Ganges and the Jamuna rivers, winding its way through Bangladesh to the Bay of Bengal. It is a major division between the country’s south-west region and the capital city and economic centre of Dhaka. During the monsoon season, the Padma River becomes fast flowing and capable of causing deep scour. Crossing the Padma with a 6.2km long steel truss bridge, carrying road and rail, presents technical challenges to the client, consultants and contractors, including significant river training work and deep foundations in an alluvial flood plain, where the rock formation lies several km below the river bed, and in an area subject to considerable seismic activity leading to possible liquefaction of the soil. Other challenges include major vessel traffic and ship impact. Once these technical challenges are overcome, the construction of the bridge will bring considerable social, political and economic advantages to Bangladesh and development to the south-west region, giving greater access to the country’s second port at Mongla and to the proposed Payra Port, which is currently under construction. This paper describes some of the technical challenges faced and overcome in bringing this landmark multipurpose crossing to fruition.</p>
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Maes, Marc A., Markus Dann, and Michael Havbro Faber. "Hierarchical Bayes Analysis of Rare Events Using High-Dispersion Poisson Mixtures." In ASME 2008 27th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2008-57197.

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Modeling the occurrence of rare events such as multiyear ice or iceberg encounters, ship collisions, and several types of accidental events is often challenging because considerable dispersion is found to be associated with discrete count data. This may be due to fluctuations in the processes generating the events, or they may arise because of a complicated mixture of causal events or there may be other unexplained discontinuities. In such cases, the traditional use of the Poisson distribution is inadequate, especially when the event frequency is subsequently used to formulate design criteria based on extreme values. In this paper, the use of discrete Poisson mixtures is suggested as opposed to the simple Poisson process and continuous Poisson mixtures. One objective is to ensure that the uncertainty regarding event occurrence is well represented in both the central and tail parts of count data. The analysis of discrete Poisson mixtures involves the estimation of the number k of mixture components, the k Poisson occurrence rates, and the k weights of the mixture. Until recently such an analysis was considered daunting at best. However, the analysis can be re-cast as an equivalent Hierarchical Bayes (HB) net using an auxiliary variable vector Z of variable dimension. A Markov Chain Monte Carlo analysis can then be used to obtain the posterior distributions of the dimensionality of the mixture, the mixture weights and the occurrence rates themselves. Also, posterior distributions can be found for iceberg collision risks and iceberg scour rates. The approach is illustrated for an iceberg risk estimation.
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Angrish, Atin, Benjamin Craver, Xiwen Xu, and Binil Starly. "A Search Engine for Manufacturers Using Product Manufacturing Information (PMI) Enhanced 3D Model Search." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6649.

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The type and complexity of products designed by small and large teams have drastically changed due to advancements in digital design tools, manufacturing process technology and connectivity afforded by the internet. Finding available and reliable manufacturers is time consuming and is often tasked to sourcing agents who scour through existing supplier databases or found using keywords through web search. In this paper, we investigate 3D shapes augmented with product manufacturing information (PMI) as the key source to match user request to appropriate manufacturers who are capable of completing a job. The key challenges are gathering data about manufacturers’ capabilities, obtaining data with regards to the models that they have produced in the past and then finally matching algorithms to work with product engineering models. We present a solution approach that addresses portions of this challenge by building a search engine system that supports user queries based on 3D models and/or manufacturing process related text keywords. To enable text based queries, we built a web-crawler that searched through thousands of websites owned by job shop service manufacturers, extracted discriminating text from their public webpages and indexed them to create a capability profile about a job shop service provider. For 3D model based queries, we extended the original spherical harmonics based 3D shape search to match parts that also share tolerance information tagged to the user provided 3D model. The approach provides us with discriminative power in identifying objects that also share similar GD&T call outs on the model as they can often entail various additional process plans. We have tested our approach against a repository of 200 models and text data collected from websites of manufacturers. Our results show that that we are able to identify parts fairly quickly given a multi-modal user input. Future work must involve testing it against much larger data sets for robustness and wide scale applicability.
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