Academic literature on the topic 'Screens (furniture)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Screens (furniture)"
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Yu, Sukyung. "Production and Consumption of Coromandel Lacquer Screens in the 17th and 18th Centuries." Korean Journal of Art History 312 (December 31, 2021): 75–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.31065/kjah.312.202112.003.
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Coromandel lacquer screen is a Chinese folding screen made from the 17th century to 19th century in China. The screen is usually about 250cm high, 600cm width and consisting of twelve panels. Although these screens were made in China during the Qing dynasty, they received their name from India’s Coromandel coast, where they were transshipped to Europe in the late 17th and early 18th centuries by merchants of the English and Dutch East India companies. The Dutch traders carried these screens from Bantam in Java, and in early accounts they were frequently called Bantam screens as well as Coromandel screens. This paper examines Coromandel lacquer screen's art historical significance in the incising global interaction and consumer culture in the 17th and 18th centuries. It first discusses historical and cultural background of production in China which have been little known about. The primary sources focus on the record of <i>Xiu Shi lu</i>, the 16th century book about lacquer, and the inscriptions left on the screens. They will give information about when the screens were produced, what was the purpose of them, and the technique of decoratively incising lacquer and adding polychrome to the voids, called <i>kuan cai</i> in Chinese. The lacquer screen features a continuous scene run through all twelve panels, just like a hand-scroll painting with variety of colours. The prominent subjects for decoration are human figures, landscape and bird-and-flower. The narrative theme with human figures, such as Birthday Reception for General Guo Ziyi and the World of Immortals were shaped by literature or play. Also, the parallels between the lacquer screens and the paintings on the same theme are found. The scenes with Europeans are rare but bring various interpretations within the historical context of the time. The landscape themes, such as the Scenes of Lake Xihu and the Nine Bend in Mountain Wuyi, were depicted famous scenic spots in China. The composition and expression of the screens were probably inspired by landscape woodblock prints, it’s because the technique of lacquer screen and woodblock cutting are similar. Lastly, bird-and-flower theme has a long tradition of wishing longevity, happiness and peace in one’s life and produced in various medium. Thanks to the enormous progress in navigation and discovered sea roots in the 16th century, Dutch and England East India Companies imported quantities of Chinese lacquerworks in the 17th century. As Chinoiserie gain popularity all over Europe, Chinese objects were consumed in various ways. Imported Coromandel lacquer screens were incorporated into European interiors. They were cut into a number of panels, which mounted within wood paneling on walls and inserted into contemporary furniture. The lacquer screen also inspired European’s imitation of Asian lacquer known by a variety of names. This paper surveys Coromandel lacquer screen’s domestic production, exploding consumption and global conquest from the 17th century to 18th centuries, when the screen was explosively made. The lacquer screen is an active participant in cross-cultural interaction, not merely a passive commodity of china. Investigating the material culture of the lacquer screen, it was originally created in chinese domestic background concerned with social prestige, in Europe, consumed to show off exotic luxury and triggered a new stylistic changes in chinoiserie.
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An, Shun, Zhongning Guo, and Hai Fang. "Study on the Kansei Image of Linear Elements of Wooden Screens on the Basis of Modern Aesthetics." Forest Products Journal 72, no. 4 (October 1, 2022): 258–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.13073/fpj-d-22-00045.
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Abstract As a primitive furniture with the longest history in China, the screen (pingfeng) originated in the western Zhou Dynasty and went through the Han and Tang dynasties, the Five Dynasties, the Song Dynasty, and the Ming and Qing dynasties and is still being used to date. This paper aims to explore the modern aesthetics contained in the traditional screen line and measure the contribution of some linear elements to the overall modern characteristics of the screen. By adopting the method of Kansei engineering, quantitative research is carried out on the Kansei image and the linear patterns of the traditional Chinese screens. The results show that the factors affecting the modern aesthetics of the screen have three linear elements: the top section (pingmao), the upright brackets (zhanya), and the base (dunzuo), with the top section and the base having the greatest influence on the “modern” kansei image of the screen. On the basis of these linear features, the style of the screen can be determined, and the quantitative data can provide reference for the design of modern screens.
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Ellern, Gillian (Jill) D., and Heidi E. Buchanan. "No strings attached? Challenges and successes in creating a flexible, wire-free active learning classroom." Library Hi Tech 36, no. 2 (June 18, 2018): 211–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lht-04-2017-0070.
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Purpose This paper serves as a case study, detailing an academic library’s three-year process of redesigning, implementing, and using a library electronic classroom. The purpose of this paper is to share the challenges and successes of a library’s attempt to create a high-tech space that both accommodates active learning and is entirely flexible and free of wires. The paper provides technical details for implementing features such as wireless screen sharing and offers practical advice for librarians who are creating new teaching and learning spaces at their institutions. Design/methodology/approach This is a descriptive case study, which details the lessons learned in implementing an active learning space that incorporates technology such as wireless display to multiple screens. Findings There are still major challenges in having a truly wire-free classroom including authentication policies, wireless display technology, instructor’s station mobility, and student laptop control. Successes include flexible furniture, battery-power management solutions, and using multiple wireless devices in a single room. Practical implications Practical implications of this paper include recommendations for planning this type of upgrade in a library electronic classroom. Originality/value The unique feature of this case was the effort to combine the mobile features of a flexible learning space with some of the robust technology of a hardwired active learning classroom. This paper features technical details beyond what can be found in the library literature. For example, very little has been written about the issues involved in wirelessly displaying a computer screen to multiple devices in a classroom.
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Abdou, Amal, Iman Gawad, and Yasmine ElTouny. "The Environmental and Economical Impacts of Using Media Façades in Commercial Buildings in Egypt." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development. 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v1i2.86.
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Media façades is a subdivision of urban computing integrating digital displays into buildings, including structures and road furniture. It is frequently connected with overdimensional screens and vivified, lit up publicizing, and places like Times Square. The façade is dematerialized and transformed into one immense promoting medium for sending messages. Media façades can bring out the most assorted feelings, from a major city feeling to disturbance at light contamination. They are likewise seen as Pop Art or as blemishes. Design tends to utilize media façades increasingly as a stylistic component. What used to be added to exteriors after the building development more in the method for a flaw is currently a part of the design procedure and offers new extension for visionary outline which is authored to the term 'Mediatecture'.This research identifies the impact of using media façades on commercial buildings environmentally and economically. In addition to that experimental design cases of interactive building façades will be discussed and a SWOT analysis would be made to exemplify the challenges and discuss how they may be addressed. Also, the examples are presented to demonstrate how to work with the difficulties inalienable in media façade design forms taking into account the formation of different proposals for a media façade on current Public buildings and new ones in Egypt.
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Abdou, Amal, Iman Gawad, and Yasmine ElTouny. "The Environmental and Economical Impacts of Using Media Façades in Commercial Buildings in Egypt." International Journal of Environmental Science & Sustainable Development 2, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/essd.v2i1.86.
Full textAbstract:
Media façades is a subdivision of urban computing integrating digital displays into buildings, including structures and road furniture. It is frequently connected with over dimensional screens and vivified, lit up publicizing, and places like Times Square. The façade is dematerialized and transformed into one immense promoting medium for sending messages. Media façades can bring out the most assorted feelings, from a major city feeling to disturbance at light contamination. They are likewise seen as Pop Art or as blemishes. Design tends to utilize media façades increasingly as a stylistic component. What used to be added to exteriors after the enhanced building development in the method for a flaw is currently a part of the design procedure and offers new extension for visionary outline which is authored to the term 'Mediatecture'.
This research identifies the impact of using media façades on commercial buildings environmentally and economically. In addition to that, experimental design cases of interactive building façades will be discussed and a SWOT analysis will be analyzed to exemplify the challenges and discuss how they may be addressed. Also, the examples are presented to demonstrate how to work with the difficulties inalienable in media façade design forms taking into account the formation of different proposals for a media façade on current public and new buildings in Egypt.
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Vari, Alexander. "Bullfights in Budapest: City Marketing, Moral Panics, and Nationalism in Turn-of-the-Century Hungary." Austrian History Yearbook 41 (April 2010): 143–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0067237809990129.
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At the beginning of June 1904, the Hungarian capital was in a state of frenzy. The bullfights, starring Pouly fils—a toreador from Nîmes, France—as the matador, and scheduled to take place in a recently built 15,000-seat bullring in the Budapest City Park, attracted everyone's attention. Reporting a wave of “Spanish fever” spreading among inhabitants of the city, the newspapers highlighted the fact that a large percentage of the population was talking about “toreadors, picadors, matadors, and bulls.” The toreadors dressed in their “exotic costumes” caused a stir everywhere they went (Figure 1). As the toreadors visited Budapest's tourist attractions many female passersby noticed their “suntanned faces and muscular bodies.” The matador's collar ornament, consisting of two studs representing two “miniature diamond bulls,” was a subject of conversation on everyone's lips. Local tailors proposed “Spanish collars” replicating those worn by Pouly as the ne plus ultra of fashion to their customers. Furniture makers and carpenters witnessed their sales of Spanish dressing-screens skyrocket. Surfing the wave of public interest, the Uránia, a local association for the popularization of science, scheduled slide shows about Spain. The Budapest Orpheum hired Tortajada, a well known Spanish female dancer, for several appearances on its stage. Parodic plays, mimicking a bullfight, were staged throughout June both on the site of Ős Budavára (Ancient Buda Castle), a historical theme park that opened in the City Park in 1896, and on an improvised outdoor stage on the Margaret Island. Theaters also claimed their share by scheduling operas such as Carmen, the Marriage of Figaro, and the Barber of Seville. Restaurants offered a new cocktail drink called “Krampumpouly.” Journalists turned into impromtu poets and wrote poems dedicated to the bulls. Even politicians joined in the popular enthusiasm for the bullfights, declaring in the Budapest parliament, as a journalist sarcastically remarked, that for the local political body from that moment on: “Vox popouly” is “vox dei.”
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remes, J. "Serious immobilities: Andy Warhol, Erik Satie and the furniture film." Screen 55, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 447–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/hju035.
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Yermuraki, O. I., and A. S. Rusol. "THE TENDENCY TO USE ADAPTIVE SPACE AS A FEATURE OF POST-INDUSTRIAL SOCIETY." Regional problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 14 (December 29, 2020): 96–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2707-403x-2020-14-96-105.
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The article discusses the technologies and methods for creating universal environment, features of their use and their possibilities of functional extension placement by limited area. The analysis of world experience (Leonardo da Vinci, Galileo Galilei, Robert Fulton, Nikola Tesla, Joan Littlewood, Cederic Price, Larry Bell, Craig Kauffman, Peter Alexander, Mies van Dral Roeta Lille Reich, Dieter Rams). The light effecting on the proportions of the placement. For example of such groups like: Lightand Space, Aqua Creations, Manta Ray Light. The lighting system allows you to add dynamics into the space, expressiveness or isolation. Created an environment which would be change for human need. Use sliding partitions - screens, for example Popup Interactive Apartment is represented by Hyperbody design team from DelftUniversity of Technology. Authors idea is to place all placemant in a room with area of 50 square meters (smart technology) - where you can move not only partitions, but also furniture, which can suit specific human needs. The curtains were expertly fitted into the interior of the Samt & Seide cafe by architects Mies van der Roet Lilly Reich, which was designed for Die Modeder Dame exhibition in Berlin. A space with 300 square meters was zoned with using silk and velvet curtains, which were divided according to their color and height. Examples of flexible space are WAarchi's architectural project: architects have successfully rethought the space of the first building of Taiwan's Chiao Tung University construction school. Also, the article outlines prospect development of adaptive design on architecture and historical background, show the results of the analysis of questions adaptive spaces in the context modern development of society. Studding thematic publications gave it possible to highlighting the main tools dimensional zoning in interior design. Often used by architects and designers: work with light (own lighting, navigation, and communication with the observer); sliding partitions (take up less space in placement and can be transform); color and material (divide space on functional zone); kinetic elements of equipment, which can change their position in space or shape/ Describe the areas of their used on based for examples from world architectural practice, provide them the grade.
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Liang, Lijuan, and Yafei Fan. "Design and Implementation of Swastika Forms in Tenon and Tenon Structure Furniture." Advances in Multimedia 2022 (July 16, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8964898.
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With mortise and tenon structure furniture as the design carrier, the cultural connotation of traditional symbols is absorbed and new ideas for the inheritance and development of traditional culture in modern life are explored. Starting from the analysis of the modeling characteristics, decorative characteristics, and allegorical connotations of the swastika, its feature elements is summarized, the keywords of the design elements are screened, applications and extensions on this basis are designed, the basic model of furniture products is established, then the tenon and tenon forms that meet the strength requirements and material requirements according to the model are screened, the overall construction of tenon and tenon structure furniture products is completed, and the physical production of the products is guided. Combining the swastika form with the tenon structure bookcase design, the traditional symbolic feature elements are effectively integrated into the design of the tenon structure furniture, which verifies the feasibility and effectiveness of the method and provides a reference for the design research of related tenon and tenon products.
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Assiri, Abdullah, Ahmed Mahfouz, Nabil Awadalla, Ahmed Abouelyazid, Medhat Shalaby, Ahmed Abogamal, Abdullah Alsabaani, and Fatima Riaz. "Classroom Furniture Mismatch and Back Pain Among Adolescent School-Children in Abha City, Southwestern Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 8 (April 18, 2019): 1395. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16081395.
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Objective: To explore the potential classroom furniture mismatch with students’ anthropometric measurements and back pain related to sitting for extended periods. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on all twelve male and female intermediate and secondary schools located in Abha city. Anthropometric and classroom furniture measurements were assessed, and the mismatch was determined using standardized methods. Students were also screened for back pain related to long sitting at school. Results: A total number of 879 students was selected. The study revealed seat height mismatch in both intermediate, and secondary school of 84.3%, and 75.6%, respectively. Seat depth mismatch was 74.0% in intermediate schools and reached 84.5% in secondary schools. The desk height was improper for 94.1%, and 82.3% of students in intermediate, and secondary schools, respectively. The levels of mismatch differ significantly by grade level and gender. A prevalence of 10.8% of back pain related to long sitting at school was found. In multivariable logistic regression, males, intermediate school children, and the presence of buttock-popliteal length/seat depth mismatch were significantly associated with pain. On the other hand, practicing exercise was a significant protective factor. Conclusions: There is a prevalent mismatch between students’ dimensions and existing schools’ furniture. School furniture providers should take in consideration the average Saudi students’ dimensions, while designing school furniture especially for males, and at intermediate schools, or provide schools with adjustable seats and desks.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Screens (furniture)"
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Schilling, Andrew A. "Hinged Things: Concerning the Interior(s) of Eileen Gray." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1092669500.
Full textBooks on the topic "Screens (furniture)"
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Schmelzer, Monika. Der mittelalterliche Lettner im deutschsprachigen Raum: Typologie und Funktion. Petersberg: Imhof, 2004.
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Zhongguo gu dai jia ju jia zhi kao cheng: Ping bi lei. Beijing: Hua ling chu ban she, 2006.
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Craig, Clunas, and Museum of Fine Arts, Boston., eds. Beyond the screen: Chinese furniture of the 16th and 17th centuries. Boston: Museum of Fine Arts, 1996.
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1931-, Shinbo Tōru, and Okamoto Shigeo, eds. Gyobutsu. Tōkyō: Mainichi Shinbunsha, 1994.
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Making and Decorating Screens: Creating and Using Great Divides for Home, Loft and Office. Southwater Publishing, 2000.
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Deck & patio furnishings: Seating, dining, wind & sun screens, storage, entertaining & more. 2016.
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Anderson, Michael R. Deck and Patio Furnishings: Seating, Dining, Wind and Sun Screens, Storage, Entertaining and More. Quarto Publishing Group USA, 2016.
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Guitart, Miguel. Behind Architectural Filters: Phenomena of Interference. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Screens (furniture)"
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Kuhn, Will, and Ethan Hein. "Tech You Will Need for Your Program." In Electronic Music School, 27–39. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190076634.003.0004.
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This chapter presents an optimal equipment list for establishing a creative music technology lab. While preservice music teachers are taught how to purchase and maintain instruments, they are rarely given equivalent advice for music production tools. This chapter provides practical recommendations for purchasing and maintaining hardware, software, and furniture, including computers, digital audio workstation software, headphones, MIDI controllers, microphones, tables, podiums, display screens, and soundproofing. Suggestions are given for arrangement and design of the overall space as well as design of individual workstations. The chapter also includes suggestions for managing wear and tear on equipment, for maintenance and cleaning routines, and for sustainable budgeting. Finally, for situations where the optimal setup is not immediately attainable, the various items described here are ranked in terms of priority.
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"16. THE SCREEN." In Austere Luminosity of Chinese Classical Furniture, 268–92. University of California Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/9780520353336-019.
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Allison, Penelope M. "House I 10,1." In The Insula of the Menander at Pompeii. Oxford University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199263127.003.0028.
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In November 1926 the excavators recorded moving lapilli from in front of this house and from the entrance but no finds were reported in these areas. On 8 July 1932 they recorded removing disturbed volcanic deposit from the middle levels in the northeast area of this insula. A breach (min. h.: 2 m), now patched, in the south end of the west wall of room 2 and 1.05 m above the floor, presumably penetrated into this space and documents disturbance after ad 79. Elia observed that the room had been covered and had been divided for all or part of its length by a ‘tramezzo ligneo’ which Ling interprets as a wooden partition to screen the stairway. In the north-east corner, are three masonry steps from a stairway which Ling argued ascended along the east wall. Ling argues that the installation of this stairway would have put out of commission the recess and lararium painting (dimensions: 0.55 m × 0.4 m) behind it. The remains of a late Third Style decoration are found on the walls. The loose finds from near the north entrance of this space and from near the entrance to room 3 were predominantly door-fittings, with the possible exception of a small marble base. A small key reported in the latter location may originally have been from storage furniture but was unlikely to have been in use as no other remains of such furnishings were recorded. The only other find in this area was a glass vessel of unknown type. Elia called this room an ‘atrium’. The finds are not particularly diagnostic but, even if this area was disturbed, they hint that it had been relatively unencumbered with furnishings, probably serving predominantly as a reception and access area for the rest of the house. The breach in the south end of the west wall of this room implies that it may have been disturbed after ad 79. The walls had a simple painted decoration but this room had no evident fixtures. According to Elia it was an ‘oecus’. The limited ceramic finds (a jug, a terra sigillata dish, and a lamp) are associated with lighting and probably with the serving or storage of foodstuffs.
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Lepouras, George, and Costas Vassilakis. "Adaptive Virtual Reality Shopping Malls." In Virtual Technologies, 1551–59. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-955-7.ch099.
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Firms and organizations are increasingly exploiting electronic channels to reach their customers and create new business opportunities. To this end, electronic shops have been developed, either offering products from a single firm or encompassing multiple individual electronic stores, comprising thus electronic shopping malls. Besides development activities, electronic shopping has attracted the attention of researchers, who have studied various perspectives, including user attitude, critical success factors, security, technical aspects, and so forth (e.g., Fang & Salvendy, 2003; Wang, Makaroff, & Edwards, 2003). Two main concerns for e-commerce are personalization and enhancement of user experience. Personalization addresses the ability to offer content tailored to the preferences of each user (Anupam, Hull, & Kumar, 2001) or user group (Wang et al., 2003). Preferences may be explicitly declared by the user, or derived by the system through inspecting user interaction; if the system dynamically reacts to changes of visitor behavior, it is termed as adaptive. Personalization allows customers to focus on the items they are interested in, and enables electronic shops to make targeted suggestions and send promotions to customers (Lekakos & Giaglis, 2005). Enhancement of user experience is another major issue in e-commerce, given that 2D images and texts on the screen are not sufficient to provide information on product aspects such as physical dimensions, textures, and manipulation feedback (Park & Woohun, 2004). Major e-commerce categories that could benefit from giving a more accurate and/or complete view of the products include real estate brokers who could present detailed models of properties, furniture stores that could allow their customers to view how certain pieces would fit in the target place (Hughes, Brusilovsky, & Lewis, 2002), and clothing shops that could provide a virtual fitting room with customizable avatars (Compucloz Corporation, 2003). Multimedia presentations can also be used as a means for “information acceleration” for promoting “really new” products (Urban et al., 1997). Enhancement of user experience may finally compensate for the loss of the pleasure associated with a visit to a shopping mall (Laskaridis, Vassilakis, Lepouras, & Rouvas, 2001). Nowadays, the technological potential of Internet systems provides adequate means for building online multimedia applications that can help e-commerce sites attract e-shoppers. Applications can be built to adapt to the user’s profile and provide the user with a suitable set of information in the most efficient way. Virtual reality (VR) technologies are also now mature enough to be used for the wide public, offering vivid and highly interactive environments, allowing users to view synthetic worlds within which they can visualize and manipulate artifacts. This article aims to specify a system that exploits capabilities offered by adaptation and VR technologies to offer e-shoppers personalized and enhanced experiences, while addressing challenges related to the cost, complexity, and effort of building and maintaining such a system.
Conference papers on the topic "Screens (furniture)"
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Sikligar, Drashti, Linda Nguessan, Diana Pham, Jesse Grupper, Alex Beaudette, Anissa Ling, Conor Walsh, and Holly M. Golecki. "Design of a Textile Sensor Embedded Shirt for Posture Monitoring." In 2022 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2022-1063.
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Abstract Poor posture leading to neck and back pain can be caused by long hours sitting in front of computer screens in ergonomically inadequate office furniture or in makeshift home offices. For most individuals, recognizing and correcting for poor posture is an uncommon practice. Poor seated posture is characterized by protracted scapulae, increased kyphosis, and a flexed lumbar spine. Toward a wearable system that performs continuous monitoring, we developed a textile sensor embedded garment. Using textile sensors sewn into a shirt, we test the capability of our design to read curvatures related to seated posture. First, textile sensors were evaluated for fabrication and data collection ease. Next, sensors embedded in shirt designs were evaluated for their ability to produce data that can be recognized as good or poor posture across a user’s back. Designs leveraging e-textiles and snap circuitry enable textile sensor posture readings in a wearable device that is soft and durable. Results from this proof-of-concept prototype show that such customizable garments may enable the study of specific muscle groups related to various postures in the future. Sensor technology embedded in everyday wear garments holds promise for integrating continuous postural monitoring to commercially available clothing.
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Holleran, Samuel. "Ultra Graphic: Australian Advertising Infrastructure from Morris Columns to Media Facades." In The 38th Annual Conference of the Society of Architectural Historians Australia and New Zealand. online: SAHANZ, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55939/a4028p0swn.
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This paper examines the development of infrastructures for outdoor advertising and debates over visual ‘oversaturation’ in the built environment. It begins with the boom in posters that came in the 19th century with a plethora of new manufactured goods and the attempts by civic officials to create structures that would extend cities’ available surface area for the placement of ads. It then charts the rise of building-top ‘sky signs,’ articulated billboards, kiosks, and digital media facades while detailing the policy initiatives meant to regulate these ad surfaces. This work builds on ongoing research into the development of signage technologies in Sydney and Melbourne, the measurement and regulation of ‘visual pollution’, and the promotion of entertainment and nightlife in precincts defined by neon and historic signage. This project responds to the increasing ambiguity between traditional advertising substrates and building exteriors. It charts the development of display technologies in relation to changing architectural practices and urban landscapes. Signage innovation in Australia has been driven by increasingly sophisticated construction practices and by the changing nature of cities; shifting markedly with increased automobility, migration and cultural change, and mobile phone use. The means by which urban reformers and architectural critics have sought to define, measure, and control new ad technologies—sometimes deemed ‘visual pollution’— offers a prehistory to contemporary debates over ‘smart city’ street furniture, and a synecdoche to narratives of degradation and ugliness in the post-war built environment. These four thematically linked episodes show how Australian civic officials and built environment activists have responded to visual clutter, and the fuzzy line between advertisers, architects, and builders erecting increasingly dynamic infrastructures for ad delivery. This progression shows the fluctuating place of advertisement in the built environment, ending with the emergence of today’s programmable façades and urban screens.
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Merkulova, A. G., S. A. Kalinina, and M. V. Skavronskaya. "FATIGUE ASSESSMENT OF THE VISUAL ANALYZER OF MULTIMONITOR SYSTEMS OPERATORS." In The 16th «OCCUPATION and HEALTH» Russian National Congress with International Participation (OHRNC-2021). FSBSI “IRIOH”, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-6042929-2-1-2021-1-350-354.
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Abstract: Introduction. Working at a computer is associated with an intense cognitive load and an increased load on the visual analyzer due to the peculiarities of the screen image transmission. From 60 to 90% of users suffer from computer visual syndrome, more than 40% experience visual discomfort. If it is necessary to use several software windows in the workplace, multimonitor systems are increasingly used, however, there is still no data on their effect on the visual analyzer. Research objective. Assessment of the state of the visual analyzer of multimonitor systems operators in the dynamics of the work shift. Materials and methods. The study involved 26 operators of multimonitor systems (age 36.7 ± 8.3 years, experience 5.8 ± 3.0 years). The assessment of labor intensity in accordance with the Guidelines R 2.2.2006-05 and ergonomic analysis of workplaces were carried out. The functional state of the visual analyzer was assessed using eye tracking, accommodometry, sequential contrast perception time, subjective assessment of asthenopia symptoms. Research results. The labor intensity of operators of multimonitor systems corresponds to class 3.2. Ergonomic assessment of workplaces indicates irregularities in the arrangement of equipment and office furniture. There were no statistically significant differences in the indicators of oculomotor activity in the dynamics of the shift, while low values of the frequency of blinking were noted only in workers with an irrationally organized workplace, as well as when observing one monitor. By the end of the shift, the volume of accommodation decreased by 19.0%, the time of perception of sequential contrast by 15.3%, the most pronounced symptoms of asthenopia were general and visual fatigue. Conclusions. The use of multimonitor systems leads to the development of asthenopia by the end of the shift, however, the decrease in the volume of accommodation and the time of perception of consistent contrast are more pronounced in workers with one monitor. Due to the impossibility of changing the work process and reducing the class of NT, workers should pay special attention to the ergonomic characteristics of the workplace, compliance with work and rest regimes, prevention of the development of asthenopia and general fatigue.