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Journal articles on the topic 'SCTP / TCP'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 6 July 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Sun, Yu, Xing, and Qin. "Parallel Transmission of Distributed Sensor Based on SCTP and TCP for Heterogeneous Wireless Networks in IoT." Sensors 19, no. 9 (2019): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19092005.

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Sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT) generate large amounts of data, which requires high-speed data transmission. In order to achieve the parallel transmissions of the wireless sensor network on the transmission layer, the performance of stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) and transmission control protocol (TCP) in the wireless sensor network under different packet error rates was simulated and compared. A dynamic multipath handover method for SCTP (MS-SCTP) was proposed to improve the transmission performance, which selects the transmission path according to the packet error rate a

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Weng, Hui Min, Ming He Huang, Hao Wang, Chang Qiao Xu, and Kai Liu. "The Analysis and Simulation of Stream Control Transmission Protocol." Applied Mechanics and Materials 433-435 (October 2013): 1795–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.433-435.1795.

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Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is a new generation of reliable transport layer protocol, unlike TCP, it has new features of multi-homing and multi-streaming, and has good scalability. SCTP is expected to replace TCP as the next generation of universal transport layer protocol. We introduce and analyze the basic structure and features of SCTP, introduce the related research of SCTP, including the implementation method of mobile SCTP and the Concurrent Multipath Transfer mechanism. Finally, compared and analyzed the performance of TCP, SCTP and SCTP-CMT by the ns-2 simulations, resu

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3

Surimi, La, and Reza Pulungan. "Analisis Kualitas VoIP pada SCTP Menggunakan ECN dan AQM." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 9, no. 2 (2015): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.7541.

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AbstrakVoIP merupakan aplikasi real time yang kualitasnya sangat tergantung pada delay dan jitter, yang mana hal ini sulit dipenuhi oleh protokol yang bersifat reliable dan memiliki congestion control seperti TCP. Di sisi lain penggunaan UDP yang tidak memiliki congestion control menyebabkan peluang terjadinya congestion pada jaringan sangat besar. Penggunaan SCTP sebagai protokol alternatif juga belum mampu mengakomodasi kekurangan TCP dan UDP. Beberapa hasil penelitian menunjukkan perlu adanya perbaikan ataupun modifikasi pada mekanisme congestion control yang dimiliki oleh SCTP. Penggunaan

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Li, Ying Yong, Yu Chun Ma, and Xiao Yan Chen. "Transparent TCP-to-SCTP Translation Using Shim Rules-Table Dynamic Configuration." Advanced Materials Research 268-270 (July 2011): 1500–1507. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.268-270.1500.

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Using the application of bulk data transfer, we investigate the performance of existing TCP-to-SCTP Translation shim scheme under the scenario of shim rules-table is static (i.e., manual). We find that a potential problem named stale shim rules-table value caused by shim rules-table static configuration, which induces TCP-to-SCTP Translation does not startup in time. Based on this, we present a suggestion called Shim Rules-table Dynamic Configuration (SRDC) for TCP-to-SCTP Translation to implement the real-time startup and to improve the throughput of SCTP association by modify original shim r

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Zafar, S., and U. Ejaz. "SCTP-aware Link Layer Retransmission Mechanism for Smart-grid Communication Network." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 4 (2016): 1093–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.685.

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The smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers and uses bidirectional communication to exchange real-time information between supply system and smart meters at the user end. With a combined communication infrastructure, smart grid manages the operation of all associated components to provide reliable and supportable electricity supply. The Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) of smart grid supports bi-directional data transfer between smart meters (installed at customer premises) and control center of the utility company through an aggregator. This communication suffers low through

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Zafar, S., and U. Ejaz. "SCTP-aware Link Layer Retransmission Mechanism for Smart-grid Communication Network." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 4 (2016): 1093–98. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.60988.

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The smart grid delivers electricity from suppliers to consumers and uses bidirectional communication to exchange real-time information between supply system and smart meters at the user end. With a combined communication infrastructure, smart grid manages the operation of all associated components to provide reliable and supportable electricity supply. The Neighborhood Area Network (NAN) of smart grid supports bi-directional data transfer between smart meters (installed at customer premises) and control center of the utility company through an aggregator. This communication suffers low through

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Halid, Agus, and Reza Pulungan. "Analisis Pengaruh Ukuran Window Pada Pengendali Kemacetan di SCTP Menggunakan Fitur Multihoming." IJCCS (Indonesian Journal of Computing and Cybernetics Systems) 9, no. 2 (2015): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijccs.7542.

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AbstrakStream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) merupakan protokol yang mirip dengan Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) dan User Datagram Protocol (UDP). SCTP merupakan protokol yang bersifat reliable dan connectionless. Protokol ini memiliki kemampuan multistreaming dan multihoming dalam melakukan transmisi data. Penelitian ini merupakan pemodelan terhadap SCTP menggunakan simulator OPNET yang dapat menjadi akselerasi bagi peneliti dalam bidang jaringan. SCTP pada simulator dibangun dengan melakukan modiﬁkasi terhadap TCP. Pemodelan dimulai dengan membangun skenario jaringan dan menentuka

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8

Feshchenko, Zakharii-Andrii, and Iryna Yurchak. "Improving the efficiency of SCTP network software." Computer systems and network 4, no. 1 (2022): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/csn2022.01.147.

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The work presents a software system for demonstrating the operation of the SCTP transport protocol in comparison with its better-known analogues – TCP and UDP. To reproduce the operation of the chosen protocol, a socket API was created that describes the operation of SCTP, based on RFC 6458. It also describes the transport protocols that are similar to the protocol that was chosen to improve performance, namely TCP and UDP, their strengths and weaknesses, and what has been improved in SCTP. A test software model is described, which is divided into a client part and a server part, which was cre

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Yu, Hai, Yue Yu, Qi Gui Yao, Hui Deng, and Wen Shen. "Communication Fault Recovery Technology Research in IntelliGrid." Advanced Materials Research 1030-1032 (September 2014): 1680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1030-1032.1680.

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Analysis and comparison of the communication failure of IntelliGrid architecture alternative recovery technology, and points out that SCTP is capable of providing communication service restoration protocols at the transport layer, based on analysis of the characteristics of SCTP and analyze the characteristics of SCTP and TCP protocol, the method of network simulation research of the network link failure disconnected, network level fault tolerance mechanism of SCTP multihoming path switching characteristics based on, and for the lack of SCTP multihoming path switching method, put forward a kin

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Ali, Hussein Wheeb. "Performance Evaluation of UDP, DCCP, SCTP and TFRC for Different Traffic Flow in Wired Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 6 (2017): 3552–57. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3552-3557.

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The demand for internet applications has increased rapidly. Providing quality of service (QoS) requirements for varied internet application is a challenging task. One important factor that is significantly affected on the QoS service is the transport layer. The transport layer provides end-to-end data transmission across a network. Currently, the most common transport protocols used by internet application are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). Also, there are recent transport protocols such as DCCP (data congestion control protocol), SCTP (stream congestion

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11

Stewart, R., and C. Metz. "SCTP: new transport protocol for TCP/IP." IEEE Internet Computing 5, no. 6 (2001): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/4236.968833.

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12

Fan, Ya Qin, Shu Ting Liu, and Chi Li. "Performance Simulation of the SCTP under the Multi Path Environment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 738-739 (March 2015): 1174–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.738-739.1174.

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This paper studies the basic features and functions of STCP. The traditional TCP protocol and the basic standard SCTP protocols are simulated respectively. We analysis that when the host has multiple network addresses and there are multiple paths between ends, how do the STCP protocol and TCP protocol perform. For practical implementation, using CWND size parameters show performance of multi path transmission in practice, and compare with the ideal case. The results of the simulation and analysis of multi path transmission under the SCTP agreement have practical significance in the future netw

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Wheeb, Ali Hussein. "Performance Evaluation of UDP, DCCP, SCTP and TFRC for Different Traffic Flow in Wired Networks." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 7, no. 6 (2017): 3552. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v7i6.pp3552-3557.

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<p>The demand for internet applications has increased rapidly. Providing quality of service (QoS) requirements for varied internet application is a challenging task. One important factor that is significantly affected on the QoS service is the transport layer. The transport layer provides end-to-end data transmission across a network. Currently, the most common transport protocols used by internet application are TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) and UDP (User Datagram Protocol). Also, there are recent transport protocols such as DCCP (data congestion control protocol), SCTP (stream co

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14

Wheeb, Ali H., and Dimitris N. Kanellopoulos. "Simulated Performance of SCTP and TFRC Over MANETs." International Journal of Business Data Communications and Networking 16, no. 2 (2020): 69–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijbdcn.2020070104.

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Mobile ad-hoc networks (MANETs) are composed of mobile nodes communicating through wireless medium, without any fixed centralized infrastructure. Providing quality of service (QoS) support to multimedia streaming applications over MANETs is vital. This paper focuses on QoS support, provided by the stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) and the TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) protocol to multimedia streaming applications over MANETs. In this study, three QoS parameters were considered jointly: (1) packet delivery ratio (PDR), (2) end-to-end delay, (3) and throughput. Specifically, the aut

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Halepoto, I. A., I. H. Sadhayo, M. S. Memon, A. Manzoor, and S. Bhatti. "Analysis of Retransmission Policies for Parallel Data Transmission." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 3 (2018): 3079–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.2085.

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Stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol, which is efficient, reliable, and connection-oriented as compared to transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP). Additionally, SCTP has more innovative features like multihoming, multistreaming and unordered delivery. With multihoming, SCTP establishes multiple paths between a sender and receiver. However, it only uses the primary path for data transmission and the secondary path (or paths) for fault tolerance. Concurrent multipath transfer extension of SCTP (CMT-SCTP) allows a sender to transm

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Halepoto, Imtiaz Ali, Intesab Hussain Sadhayo, Muhammad Sulleman Memon, Adnan Manzoor, and Shahid Bhatti. "Analysis of Retransmission Policies for Parallel Data Transmission." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 8, no. 3 (2018): 3079–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1400775.

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Stream control transmission protocol (SCTP) is a transport layer protocol, which is efficient, reliable, and connection-oriented as compared to transmission control protocol (TCP) and user datagram protocol (UDP). Additionally, SCTP has more innovative features like multihoming, multistreaming and unordered delivery. With multihoming, SCTP establishes multiple paths between a sender and receiver. However, it only uses the primary path for data transmission and the secondary path (or paths) for fault tolerance. Concurrent multipath transfer extension of SCTP (CMT-SCTP) allows a sender to transm

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17

McClellan, Stan, Wuxu Peng, and Ed Gonzalez. "Improving Throughput in SCTP via Dynamic Optimization of Retransmission Bounds." Network Protocols and Algorithms 7, no. 3 (2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/npa.v7i3.8228.

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The Stream Control Transmission Proto-col (SCTP) is a relatively new transport protocol. Ithas several underlying mechanisms that are similar tothe Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), as well asseveral improvements that are important in certainclasses of applications. The timeout scheme of SCTP,however, is almost identical to that used in TCP.With the dynamics of today’s Internet, that timeoutscheme may be too passive. This paper presents an al-gorithm which dynamically adjusts the overall contextof the retransmission timeout process without chang-ing the fundamental retransmission mechanisms

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18

Kanellopoulos, Dimitris N., and Ali H. Wheeb. "Simulated Performance of TFRC, DCCP, SCTP, and UDP Protocols Over Wired Networks." International Journal of Interdisciplinary Telecommunications and Networking 12, no. 4 (2020): 88–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitn.2020100107.

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Multimedia applications impose different QoS requirements (e.g., bounded end-to-end delay and jitter) and need an enhanced transport layer protocol that should handle packet loss, minimize errors, manage network congestion, and transmit efficiently. Across an IP network, the transport layer protocol provides data transmission and affects the QoS provided to the application on hand. The most common transport layer protocols used by Internet applications are TCP and UDP. There are also advanced transport layer protocols such as DCCP and TFRC. The authors evaluated the performance of UDP, DCCP, S

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Arshad, Mohammad Junaid, and Mohammad Saleem. "A simulation-based study of FAST TCP compared to SCTP: Towards multihoming implementation using FAST TCP." Journal of Communications and Networks 12, no. 3 (2010): 275–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jcn.2010.6388456.

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Choi, Yong-Woon, and Yong-Jin Lee. "Multihoming Effect of SCTP Over TCP in the Link-down Environment." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 9, no. 8 (2009): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2009.9.8.073.

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21

Kozlovszky, M., T. Berceli, and L. Kutor. "Analysis of SCTP and TCP based communication in high-speed clusters." Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment 559, no. 1 (2006): 85–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2005.11.107.

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22

Ahuja, Sanjay P., and W. Russell Shore. "Wireless Transport Layer Congestion Control Evaluation." International Journal of Wireless Networks and Broadband Technologies 1, no. 3 (2011): 71–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijwnbt.2011070105.

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The performance of transport layer protocols can be affected differently due to wireless congestion, as opposed to network congestion. Using an active network evaluation strategy in a real world test-bed experiment, the Transport Control Protocol (TCP), Datagram Congestion Control Protocol (DCCP), and Stream Control Transport Protocol (SCTP) were evaluated to determine their effectiveness in terms of throughput, fairness, and smoothness. Though TCP’s fairness was shown to suffer in wireless congestion, the results showed that it still outperforms the alternative protocols in both wireless cong

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Wisam Dawood Abdullah. "EVALUATION OF VOIP TRAFFICS OVER TIKRIT UNIVERSITY NETWORKS." Tikrit Journal of Pure Science 21, no. 1 (2023): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/tjps.v21i1.964.

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In recent years, VoIP is a rapidly evolving technology that could possibly revolutionize the telecommunication industry. When implemented on wireless data networks, VoIP could prove to be instrumental in the convergence of existing fixed and cellular telephony networks with the fast growing wired and wireless data networks. Whereas, the growth of the VoIP applications with additional mobile devices in the institution of higher education and increasing number of users led to slow VoIP services. In addition, the throughput and latency (or delay, jitter, and jabber) are two of the most important

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Tabaiyan, Mostafa, and Mehdi Agha Sarram. "A Method Based on RTO and Selective Acknowledgement for Improving SCTP Protocol Performance in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks." Modern Applied Science 10, no. 6 (2016): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v10n6p238.

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With the increasing development of Mobile Ad Hoc Network usage, there will be more need to have a transport protocol with an appropriate throughput in end to end transport. Because of the design nature of TCP protocol for wired Networks, its application in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks causes a reduction in efficiency, performance and throughput.Protocols such as SCTP with sufficient validity and reliability in data transfer are proposed as solution for increasing throughput. However, in order to provide the above quality, sacrifice factors such as Network balance. In the present paper, two optimized

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Awang Nor, Shahrudin, Raaid Alubady, and Wisam Abduladeem Kamil. "Simulated performance of TCP, SCTP, DCCP and UDP protocols over 4G network." Procedia Computer Science 111 (2017): 2–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.06.002.

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Stanciu, Valentin, Mugurel Ionut¸ Andreica, Vlad Olaru, and Nicolae T¸ ˘apus. "Design and Development of a UDP-Based Connection-Oriented Multi-Stream One-to-Many Communication Protocol." Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, no. 1 (March 30, 2012): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26636/jtit.2012.1.1247.

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A communication protocol is a set of rules defined formally that describes the format of digital messages and the rules for exchanging those messages in or between computing systems. The Internet Protocol Suite used for communications throughout the Internet uses encapsulation to provide a way of abstracting protocols and services. This abstraction is grouped into layers of general functionality. For protocols on the transmission layer, many choices exist. But while popular protocols such as TCP, UDP and SCTP do provide connection oriented communication offering reliability, ordering and data

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Lavanya, K., Dr R.Kanthavel, and Dr R.Dhaya. "Efficient Streaming of Video Frames over Heterogeneous Wireless Network." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.34 (2018): 226. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.34.18970.

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Transferring high quality video stream through a heterogeneous wireless network has many challenges due to the varying data rate and round trip time(RTT) involved in the network and the more stringent quality of service(QoS) requirements of the multimedia application such as on time delivery , minimum delay etc. User datagram protocol (UDP), a connectionless, unreliable transport protocol has been widely used for transferring video frames.UDP cannot guarantee reliable information delivery and may lead to packet loss. The packet loss, increases with time varying bandwidth availability in the he

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Choi, Yong-Woon, Kwang-Moon Cho, and Yong-Jin Lee. "Web Traffic Analysis according to the Link-down Duration of TCP and SCTP." Journal of the Korea Contents Association 10, no. 3 (2010): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5392/jkca.2010.10.3.044.

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Chellaprabha, B. "Performance of TCP, UDP and SCTP on Sensor Network with Different Data Reporting Intervals." IOSR Journal of Engineering 02, no. 04 (2012): 621–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.9790/3021-0204621628.

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YAMADA, Shota, Daisuke ISHII, Satoru OKAMOTO, and Naoaki YAMANAKA. "Performance Evaluation of TCP/IP over SCTP/IP Parallel Networking with Parallel Route Transmission." IEICE Transactions on Communications E94-B, no. 8 (2011): 2394–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e94.b.2394.

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HASHIMOTO, Masafumi, Go HASEGAWA, and Masayuki MURATA. "SCTP Tunneling: Flow Aggregation and Burst Transmission to Save Energy for Multiple TCP Flows over a WLAN." IEICE Transactions on Communications E96.B, no. 10 (2013): 2615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1587/transcom.e96.b.2615.

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Мустафаєва, Е. А. "Дослідження залежності стеганографічних систем від характеристик прихованої інформації". Problems of Informatization and Management 3, № 67 (2021): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18372/2073-4751.67.16203.

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Для побудови досконалих стеганографічних систем необхідно враховувати безліч параметрів, у тому числі їх залежність від характеристик інформації, що приховується, і каналу зв'язку, що використовується для секретної передачі. У зв'язку з цим у статті досліджується залежність стеганографічних систем від таких характеристик, як обсяг, формат, форма подання, призначення прихованої інформації. Пропонуються підходи правильного вибору контейнера, алгоритму застосування, каналів прихованої передачі залежно від цих параметрів. У ході досліджень залежності між обсягом прихованої інформації та ступенем с

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WOZNIAK, Jozef, and Krzysztof NOWICKI. "The Need for New Transport Protocols on the INTERNET." AUTOMATYKA, ELEKTRYKA, ZAKLOCENIA 14, no. 3(53)2023 (2023): 62–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17274/aez.2023.53.02.

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TThe TCP/IP protocol suite is widely used in IP networks, regardless of diverse environments and usage scenarios. Due to the fact of being the basic concept of organizing the work of the Internet, it is the subject of interest and constant analysis of operators, users, network researchers, and designers. The Internet is a "living" organism in which new needs appear all the time. This is particularly important due to the emerging new application requirements - at the highest level of network architecture, and at the same time, completely new ways of transmitting messages related to new technolo

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Bas, Merve, Sibel Daglilar, Nilgun Kuskonmaz, et al. "Mechanical and Biocompatibility Properties of Calcium Phosphate Bioceramics Derived from Salmon Fish Bone Wastes." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21, no. 21 (2020): 8082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms21218082.

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Natural calcium phosphates derived from fish wastes are a promising material for biomedical application. However, their sintered ceramics are not fully characterized in terms of mechanical and biological properties. In this study, natural calcium phosphate was synthesized through a thermal calcination process from salmon fish bone wastes. The salmon-derived calcium phosphates (sCaP) were sintered at different temperatures to obtain natural calcium phosphate bioceramics and then were investigated in terms of their microstructure, mechanical properties and biocompatibility. In particular, this w

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Костенко, М. О., К. Б. Устинович, М. Ю. Синёв, О. О. Паренаго, and В. Б. Барановская. "Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Cerium from Aqueous Solutions Using Tributyl Phosphate as a Ligand." Сверхкритические Флюиды: Теория и Практика 17, no. 1(1) (2022): 3–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.34984/scftp.2022.17.1.001.

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Исследована экстракция комплексов Ce(III) и Ce(IV) с трибутилфосфатом (ТБФ) из водных растворов различной кислотности в присутствии высаливателя (нитрата магния) в среду сверхкритических (СК) флюидов - CO (СК-С0) и фреона R23 в статических и динамических условиях. Показано, что СК-CO2 является более эффективным экстрагентом, чем фреон R23. Эффективность экстракции Ce(III) повышается с ростом концентрации нитрата магния и количества ТБФ в системе и снижается с ростом кислотности водного раствора. Зависимость эффективности экстракции от давления более сложная: при давлении СК-CO2 ниже 10 МПа (пр

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Aslam, Mudassar, Christian Gehrmann, and Mats Björkman. "ASArP: Automated Security Assessment & Audit of Remote Platforms using TCG-SCAP synergies." Journal of Information Security and Applications 22 (June 2015): 28–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jisa.2014.09.001.

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Jyotsana Singh, P.Nihar, Ritik Kashwani, Neetu Jhunjhunwala, Sooriaprakas Chandrasekaran, and Anukriti Kumari. "Assessing the Cytotoxic Effects of Calcium Hydroxide and Triple Antibiotic Paste on SCAP: A Systematic Review." Bioscan 20, no. 1 (2025): 63–73. https://doi.org/10.63001/tbs.2025.v20.i01.pp63-73.

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Aim: This systematic review paper focuses on the effects of two common intracanal medicaments used in regenerative endodontic procedures on the survival of human apical papilla cells.Background: Periapical lesions form due to an inflammatory response triggered by microorganisms and their by-products invading the root canal system. Endodontic therapy aims to eliminate these microbes and disinfect the root canal system. Reducing the microbial load is crucial before obturation, as it helps alleviate symptoms and reduces the incidence of persistent periapical pathosis. This study aims to evaluate

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Kalafat, L. O., N. N. Pirko, A. Ye Demkovych, et al. "Estimation of genetic diversity for different species of woody plants by intron length polymorphism of beta-tubulin genes." Visnik ukrains'kogo tovaristva genetikiv i selekcioneriv 15, no. 2 (2018): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.7124/visnyk.utgis.15.2.874.

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Aim. The effectiveness of using the method of intron length polymorphism of β-tubulin genes is analyzed to evaluate the genetic diversity and polymorphism of tree plants by approbating it for a broad sample of tree plants of different taxonomic positions. Method. The method of estimation intron length polymorphism of β- tubulin (tubulin base polymorphism — TBP-method) has been tested. Results. The molecular genetic profiles and the unique patterns for the Quercus robur L., Populus tremula L., Fagus sylvatica L., Fagus sylvatica f. salicifolia, Robinia pseudoacacia L., Morus alba L., Ulmus glab

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Mansour, Mourad, and Alhassan G. Mumuni. "Motivations and attitudes toward domestic tourism in Saudi Arabia." European Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Recreation 9, no. 1 (2019): 27–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ejthr-2019-0004.

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AbstractBeginning with the establishment of a Supreme Commission for Tourism and Antiquities’ (SCTA) in 2000, there have been official attempts by the government of Saudi Arabia to encourage domestic tourism in order to tap into the huge amounts that Saudis spend annually on vacations. This paper examines the motivations and attitudes of consumers toward tourism destinations and activities within the country (domestic tourism). Using data collected through a structured self-administered questionnaire, the study finds that familiarity and trust of the local environment, perceptions of the safer

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Salic, Kanita, Eveline Gart, Florine Seidel, et al. "Combined Treatment with L-Carnitine and Nicotinamide Riboside Improves Hepatic Metabolism and Attenuates Obesity and Liver Steatosis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 18 (2019): 4359. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20184359.

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Obesity characterized by adiposity and ectopic fat accumulation is associated with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Treatments that stimulate lipid utilization may prevent the development of obesity and comorbidities. This study evaluated the potential anti-obesogenic hepatoprotective effects of combined treatment with L-carnitine and nicotinamide riboside, i.e., components that can enhance fatty acid transfer across the inner mitochondrial membrane and increase nicotinamide adenine nucleotide (NAD+) levels, which are necessary for β-oxidation and the TCA cycle, re

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Gilberto, de Souza e. Silva Júnior, Cabral Pereira e. Silva Rannilson, Paes Barreto Levy, and Evandro da Silva Luiz. "EFEITO DA INTERAÇÃO ZINCO E CÁDMIO SOBRE VARIÁVEIS BIOMÉTRICAS EM FEIJÃO CAUPI (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.)." Revista Eletrônica Multidisciplinar de Investigação Científica 3, no. 15 (2024): 1–18. https://doi.org/10.56166/remici.d2v3n1511424.

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O feijão caupi (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) é um dos mais importantes componentes da dieta alimentar do brasileiro,por ser reconhecidamente uma excelente fonte proteica, além de possuir bom conteúdo de carboidratos, vitaminas, minerais, fibras e compostos fenólicos com ação antioxidante. Os solos contaminados com metais pesados tornaram-se um problema sério em muitas partes do mundo. Estudos realizados demostram que altas concentrações de metais pesados no solo podem ser resultantes de diferentes fontes antrópicas,

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Mirani, Fahad Hussain, Pardeep Kumar, M. Suleman Memon, Mairaj N. Bhatti, and Wanod Kumar. "Comparative Analysis of TCP, TCP-Vegas, and SCTP in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks." Journal of Independent Studies and Research Computing 20, no. 2 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.31645/jisrc.22.20.2.7.

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Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANET) are a collection of mobiles and smart devices that communicate using wireless links. These types of networks are growing at the best speed and being used at a large scale than before ever because of their high availability and mobility. As the usage scale of MANET devices has been increasing, the challenges have also increased for example the proper delivery of data or information to every mobile node. Traditionally, transmission control protocol(TCP) is used for delivery but it does not fit in all scenarios due to some of its limitations such as network congesti

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Mardiana, Yesi, and Julidian Sahputra. "Analisa Performansi Protokol TCP, UDP dan SCTP Pada Lalu Lintas Multimedia." JURNAL MEDIA INFOTAMA 13, no. 2 (2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.37676/jmi.v13i2.455.

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This study aims to analyze Performance of TCP, UDP and SCTP Protocol on Multimedia Traffic. The TCP (Transmission Control Protocol) protocol, UDP (User Datagram Protocol) and SCTP (Stream Control Transmission Protocol) reside on the same layer in the OSI-Layer at the Transport layer that controls the flow of data, data packets and so on. This research uses windows operating system and Softperfect Network Protocol Analyzer software. Where network analysis software has a complete feature such as can filter almost all the protocol on the OSI-Layer, has a report of easy to read results and so fort

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Vetaresma, Hemina, Indra Kanedi, and Eko Prasetiyo. "ANALISIS DATA VOIP DAN IPTV UNTUK MEMBANDINGKAN KINERJA PROTOKOL TRANSPORT LAYER." GATOTKACA Journal (Teknik Sipil, Informatika, Mesin dan Arsitektur) 1, no. 2 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.37638/gatotkaca.v1i2.122.

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Pemanfaatan VOIP dan IPTV semakin banyak digunakan sebagai aplikasi komunikasi pada internet. Analisis dan monitoring lalu lintas VOIP dan IPTV dalam jaringan dengan menggunakan protokol transport layer sangat dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui unjuk kerja protokol yang handal dan cepat dalam proses pengirimannya. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperimen karena dilakukan percobaan untuk membandingkan kinerja tiga protokol transport layer. Metode pengumpulan data yang digunakan antara lain studi pustaka dan observasi. Untuk membandingkan kinerja ketiga protokol transport layer digunak

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Hüseynli, Alisettar, Mehmet Şimşek, and M. Ali Akcayol. "Improving QoS in mobile multimedia streaming with SCTP-PQ." Acta Polytechnica 64, no. 5 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/ap.2023.63.0347.

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The Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) is often the preferred transport layer protocol in streaming applications. This protocol combines the best aspects of Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and User Datagram Protocol (UDP), but also offers additional features. SCTP supports multihoming and multi-streaming applications and has a congestion mechanism like TCP. Media streaming consists of different types of frames with different levels of importance. For example, I-frames carry more information than B-frames in Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG). Usually, MPEG frames are processed us

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Ghassan, A. Abed, and M. Sabbar Bayan. "Significant Role Analysis of Transmission Control Protocols in 4G Cellular Systems." August 3, 2014. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1094621.

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The society of 3<sup>rd</sup> Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is completed developing Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) systems as a standard 4G cellular system. This generation goals to produce conditions for a new radio-access technology geared to higher data rates, low latency, and better spectral efficiency. LTE-Advanced is an evolutionary step in the continuing development of LTE where the description in this article is based on LTE release 10. This paper provides a model of the traffic links of 4G system represented by LTE-Advanced system with the effect of the Transmissi

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Ghassan, A. Abed, and M. Sabbar Bayan. "Significant Role Analysis of Transmission Control Protocols in 4G Cellular Systems." International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 7.0, no. 11 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2663933.

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The society of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is completed developing Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) systems as a standard 4G cellular system. This generation goals to produce conditions for a new radio-access technology geared to higher data rates, low latency, and better spectral efficiency. LTE-Advanced is an evolutionary step in the continuing development of LTE where the description in this article is based on LTE release 10. This paper provides a model of the traffic links of 4G system represented by LTE-Advanced system with the effect of the Transmission Control

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Ghassan, A. Abed, and M. Sabbar Bayan. "Significant Role Analysis of Transmission Control Protocols in 4G Cellular Systems." International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 7.0, no. 11 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2664889.

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The society of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is completed developing Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) systems as a standard 4G cellular system. This generation goals to produce conditions for a new radio-access technology geared to higher data rates, low latency, and better spectral efficiency. LTE-Advanced is an evolutionary step in the continuing development of LTE where the description in this article is based on LTE release 10. This paper provides a model of the traffic links of 4G system represented by LTE-Advanced system with the effect of the Transmission Control

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Ghassan, A. Abed, and M. Sabbar Bayan. "Significant Role Analysis of Transmission Control Protocols in 4G Cellular Systems." International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 7.0, no. 11 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2665885.

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The society of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is completed developing Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) systems as a standard 4G cellular system. This generation goals to produce conditions for a new radio-access technology geared to higher data rates, low latency, and better spectral efficiency. LTE-Advanced is an evolutionary step in the continuing development of LTE where the description in this article is based on LTE release 10. This paper provides a model of the traffic links of 4G system represented by LTE-Advanced system with the effect of the Transmission Control

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Ghassan, A. Abed, and M. Sabbar Bayan. "Significant Role Analysis of Transmission Control Protocols in 4G Cellular Systems." International Journal of Electronics and Communication Engineering 7.0, no. 11 (2013). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2666881.

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The society of 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is completed developing Long Term Evolution Advanced (LTE-Advanced) systems as a standard 4G cellular system. This generation goals to produce conditions for a new radio-access technology geared to higher data rates, low latency, and better spectral efficiency. LTE-Advanced is an evolutionary step in the continuing development of LTE where the description in this article is based on LTE release 10. This paper provides a model of the traffic links of 4G system represented by LTE-Advanced system with the effect of the Transmission Control

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